Reactive power regulation service dynamic excitation method based on Stackelberg game

Abstract

The invention discloses a reactive power regulation service dynamic excitation method based on a Stackelberg game, and the method comprises the steps: constructing an electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation main body and a load bus based on a power grid node admittance matrix, and dividing a whole power grid into a plurality of local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix; calculating a correlation factor of each power generation main body in each local reactive power market; constructing a two-dimensional cost model about operation cost and opportunity cost based on the correlation factors, and designing a linear pricing function; according to the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function, constructing a total revenue function of the subject participating in the market transaction; and based on the total revenue function and preset physical constraints and market constraints, calculating the total revenue of the subject participating in the market transaction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of intersectional technology of power market and smart grid control, and more specifically, to a dynamic incentive method for reactive power regulation services based on Stackelberg game theory. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional power systems, reactive power regulation is typically provided free of charge by power plants or dedicated management equipment on the distribution network side, with costs absorbed internally. However, in the electricity market environment, power plants and users have become independent economic entities, making the traditional free provision model unsustainable. Existing technologies mainly suffer from the following limitations: First, the pricing mechanism is rigid. The widely used "power factor adjustment tariff method" is an indirect pricing method based on monthly averages and ex-post rewards and penalties. It cannot reflect the real-time value, location value (localization characteristics), and dynamic demand of reactive power. For example, when a surge in photovoltaic power generation at midday causes a local voltage rise, the system urgently needs to absorb reactive power, but this method cannot provide a strong incentive signal at that specific time and place. Second, resource utilization is low. On the user side (such as large industrial users and commercial buildings), a large number of reactive power compensation devices (such as SVG and capacitor reactors) are installed, but due to the lack of effective economic incentives and participation channels, these devices are mostly idle, resulting in a huge waste of social resources. On the grid side, to solve the same problem, it is necessary to invest in the construction of expensive synchronous condensers. Third, there is a lack of market mechanisms. Existing ancillary service market designs mostly focus on active power balancing and frequency adjustment, while research on market-based trading mechanisms for reactive power services is relatively weak. There is a lack of mature models that can simultaneously ensure grid security, incentivize user participation, and suppress market forces. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a market-based solution that can accurately characterize the spatiotemporal characteristics of reactive power, dynamically respond to system states, and achieve incentive compatibility. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a dynamic incentive method for reactive power regulation services based on Stackelberg game theory.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a dynamic incentive method for reactive power regulation services based on Stackelberg game theory is provided, comprising:

[0005] Based on the admittance matrix of the power grid nodes, an electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation entity and the load bus is constructed, and the entire power grid is divided into multiple local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix;

[0006] Calculate the correlation factors of each power generation entity in each local reactive power market;

[0007] A two-dimensional cost model for operating costs and opportunity costs is constructed based on relevance factors, and a linear pricing function is designed.

[0008] Based on the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function, construct the total revenue function for entities participating in market transactions;

[0009] Based on the total revenue function and pre-defined physical and market constraints, the total revenue of the entity participating in market transactions is calculated.

[0010] Optionally, based on the grid node admittance matrix, the electrical coupling strength between each power generation entity and the load bus is calculated, including:

[0011] Based on the power grid node admittance matrix, the power grid is decomposed into the coupling relationship between the load bus and the main bus;

[0012] Based on the coupling relationship, the relative electrical distance matrix is ​​defined through matrix transformation;

[0013] An electrical coupling strength matrix is ​​constructed based on the relative electrical distance matrix.

[0014] Alternatively, the principle for segmenting local markets is as follows:

[0015] The average coupling strength between the main body and the load within the same zone is ≥0.6;

[0016] The total reactive power demand within a zone is ≤ 1.2 times the total adjustable capacity of the main body of that zone;

[0017] The zoning boundaries overlap with existing administrative divisions and power grid operation and maintenance zones.

[0018] Optionally, the formula for calculating the correlation factor is:

[0019]

[0020] In the formula, L k Let G be the set of load buses for the k-th partition. k Let k be the set of the main components of the k-th partition. The voltage coupling strength between the i-th main body and the j-th load bus; The voltage coupling strength between the k-th main body and the m-th load bus is given.

[0021] Optionally, a two-dimensional cost model C market,i The expression is:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula, m 1i ·Q gi Indicates operating costs; R represents opportunity cost; i Correlation factor;

[0024] Linear pricing function λ iThe expression is:

[0025] λ i =a·θ i +b

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, θ i Let a and b be the adjustment coefficients set by the independent system operator, representing the true marginal cost, and satisfying the following conditions: a > 1 and b > (1-a)θ. i .

[0028] Optionally, the total revenue function P market,i The expression is:

[0029] P market,i =λ i ·Q gi -C market,i +C res,i +C acc,i

[0030] In the formula, λ i ·Q gi Basic service revenue, calculated based on price signals and actual reactive power output, is a core component of revenue; C res,i The formula for calculating reserve returns is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] in, This refers to the maximum output capacity of the device.

[0033] C acc,i To precisely adjust rewards, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] Physical constraints include upper and lower limits of reactive power output. Voltage stability range Line power flow restriction Ensure that market transactions do not exceed the safety boundaries of the power grid.

[0036] According to another aspect of the present invention, a dynamic incentive device for reactive power regulation service based on Stackelberg game theory is provided, comprising:

[0037] The first construction module is used to construct the electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation entity and the load bus based on the power grid node admittance matrix, and to divide the entire power grid into multiple local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix;

[0038] The first calculation module is used to calculate the correlation factors of each power generation entity in each local reactive power market;

[0039] The second building module is used to construct a two-dimensional cost model of operating costs and opportunity costs based on relevance factors, and to design a linear pricing function;

[0040] The third construction module is used to construct the total revenue function of the entity participating in market transactions based on the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function;

[0041] The second calculation module is used to calculate the total return of the entity participating in market transactions based on the total return function and preset physical and market constraints.

[0042] Optionally, the first building module includes:

[0043] Based on the power grid node admittance matrix, the power grid is decomposed into the coupling relationship between the load bus and the main bus;

[0044] Based on the coupling relationship, the relative electrical distance matrix is ​​defined through matrix transformation;

[0045] An electrical coupling strength matrix is ​​constructed based on the relative electrical distance matrix.

[0046] Alternatively, the principle for segmenting local markets is as follows:

[0047] The average coupling strength between the main body and the load within the same zone is ≥0.6;

[0048] The total reactive power demand within a zone is ≤ 1.2 times the total adjustable capacity of the main body of that zone;

[0049] The zoning boundaries overlap with existing administrative divisions and power grid operation and maintenance zones.

[0050] Optionally, the formula for calculating the correlation factor is:

[0051]

[0052] In the formula, L k Let G be the set of load buses for the k-th partition. k Let k be the set of the main components of the k-th partition. The voltage coupling strength between the i-th main body and the j-th load bus; The voltage coupling strength between the k-th main body and the m-th load bus is given.

[0053] Optionally, a two-dimensional cost model C market,i The expression is:

[0054]

[0055] In the formula, m 1i·Q gi Indicates operating costs; R represents opportunity cost; i Correlation factor;

[0056] Linear pricing function λ i The expression is:

[0057] λ i =a·θ i +b

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, θ i Let a and b be the adjustment coefficients set by the independent system operator, representing the true marginal cost, and satisfying the following conditions: a > 1 and b > (1-a)θ. i .

[0060] Optionally, the total revenue function P market,i The expression is:

[0061] P market,i =λ i ·Q gi -C market,i +C res,i +C acc,i

[0062] In the formula, λ i ·Q gi Basic service revenue, calculated based on price signals and actual reactive power output, is a core component of revenue; C res,i The formula for calculating reserve returns is as follows:

[0063]

[0064] in, This refers to the maximum output capacity of the device.

[0065] C acc,i To precisely adjust rewards, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0066]

[0067] Physical constraints include upper and lower limits of reactive power output. Voltage stability range Line power flow restriction Ensure that market transactions do not exceed the safety boundaries of the power grid.

[0068] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the storage medium storing a computer program for performing the methods described in any of the above aspects of the present invention.

[0069] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising: a processor; a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; the processor being configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method described in any of the preceding aspects of the present invention.

[0070] Therefore, this invention, through a hierarchical decision-making game framework, efficiently and fairly incentivizes various resources to participate in reactive power regulation services to maintain grid voltage stability. The mechanism's operation begins with the precise quantification of the "localization" characteristic of reactive power. Based on the grid's physical structure, the system scientifically divides the entire network into multiple local reactive power markets by calculating the electrical coupling strength between nodes. Within each local area, a unique "relevance factor" is calculated for each participating entity (such as a power plant or large user). This factor acts as a value weight, accurately reflecting the entity's relative importance to voltage stability in the current area. This ensures that price signals truly reflect spatial differences, fundamentally guiding resources to flow to where they are most needed. Based on this, the core of the mechanism is the design of a price formation method that guides market participants to "tell the truth." The independent system operator, acting as the market leader, publishes a linear pricing formula based on each participant's own marginal costs. Through clever parameter settings, this formula ensures that for participants, honestly reporting their true equipment losses, maintenance, and other cost information consistently yields a higher economic return than falsifying costs or engaging in other strategic behaviors. This "incentive-compatible" design is like having a built-in fairness principle, effectively preventing market monopolies and manipulation, and ensuring the healthy development of competition. Attached Figure Description

[0071] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be more fully understood by referring to the following figures:

[0072] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a dynamic incentive method for reactive power regulation services based on Stackelberg game theory, provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic incentive device for reactive power regulation service based on Stackelberg game provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 This is the structure of an electronic device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0075] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0076] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0077] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to distinguish different steps, devices, or modules, and do not represent any specific technical meaning, nor do they indicate a necessary logical order between them.

[0078] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" can refer to two or more, and "at least one" can refer to one, two or more.

[0079] It should also be understood that any component, data or structure mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention can generally be understood as one or more unless explicitly defined or given contrary instructions in the context.

[0080] Furthermore, the term "and / or" in this invention is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this invention generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0081] It should also be understood that the description of the various embodiments in this invention emphasizes the differences between the various embodiments, and the similarities or similarities can be referred to each other. For the sake of brevity, they will not be described in detail.

[0082] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0083] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0084] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, they should be considered part of the specification.

[0085] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0086] The embodiments of this invention can be applied to electronic devices such as terminal devices, computer systems, and servers, and can operate together with a wide range of other general-purpose or special-purpose computing system environments or configurations. Well-known examples of terminal devices, computing systems, environments, and / or configurations suitable for use with electronic devices such as terminal devices, computer systems, and servers include, but are not limited to: personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, thick clients, handheld or laptop devices, microprocessor-based systems, set-top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframe computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments including any of the above systems, etc.

[0087] Electronic devices such as terminal devices, computer systems, and servers can be described in the general context of computer system executable instructions (such as program modules) executed by a computer system. Typically, program modules can include routines, programs, object programs, components, logic, data structures, etc., which perform specific tasks or implement specific abstract data types. Computer systems / servers can be implemented in distributed cloud computing environments, where tasks are executed by remote processing devices linked through communication networks. In distributed cloud computing environments, program modules can reside on local or remote computing system storage media, including storage devices.

[0088] Exemplary methods

[0089] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a dynamic incentive method for reactive power regulation services based on Stackelberg game theory, provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment can be applied to electronic devices, such as… Figure 1 As shown, the dynamic incentive method 100 for reactive power regulation services based on Stackelberg game theory includes the following steps:

[0090] Step 101: Based on the grid node admittance matrix, construct the electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation entity and the load bus, and divide the entire grid into multiple local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix;

[0091] Step 102: Calculate the correlation factors of each power generation entity in each local reactive power market;

[0092] Step 103: Construct a two-dimensional cost model for operating costs and opportunity costs based on relevance factors, and design a linear pricing function;

[0093] Step 104: Based on the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function, construct the total revenue function for the main body participating in market transactions;

[0094] Step 105: Calculate the total revenue of the entity participating in market transactions based on the total revenue function and the preset physical and market constraints.

[0095] Specifically, this invention relates to a reactive power service market trading mechanism for power systems. Its core lies in efficiently and fairly incentivizing various resources to participate in reactive power regulation services to maintain grid voltage stability through a hierarchical decision-making game framework. The mechanism's operation begins with the precise quantification of the "localization" characteristic of reactive power. Based on the physical structure of the power grid, the system scientifically divides the entire network into multiple local reactive power markets by calculating the electrical coupling strength between nodes. Within each local area, a unique "relevance factor" is calculated for each participating entity (such as a power plant or large user). This factor acts as a value weight, accurately reflecting the entity's relative importance to voltage stability in the current area. This ensures that price signals truly reflect spatial differences, fundamentally guiding resources to flow to where they are most needed. Based on this, the core of the mechanism is the design of a price formation method that guides market participants to "tell the truth." Independent system operators, acting as market leaders, publish a linear pricing formula based on the interim costs of each participant. Through clever parameter settings, this formula ensures that for participants, honestly reporting their true equipment losses, maintenance, and other cost information consistently yields higher economic returns than falsely reporting costs or other strategic behaviors. This "incentive-compatible" design is like having a built-in fairness principle, effectively preventing market monopolies and manipulation, and ensuring the healthy development of competition.

[0096] To fully incentivize participation, the mechanism also establishes a multi-tiered reward system. Participants' total revenue is not simply calculated based on power generation, but rather organically comprises three parts: basic service revenue, reserve capacity revenue, and regulation accuracy rewards. This not only compensates for the direct costs of providing services but also provides additional rewards for high-quality actions such as reserving emergency capacity and responding precisely to instructions, thereby encouraging participants not only to "be willing to participate" but also to commit to "high-quality participation." The method provided by this invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0097] Step 1: Market Segmentation and Value Quantification Module Based on Electrical Distance

[0098] Step 1.1 Local Market Segmentation and Relevance Factor Calculation

[0099] To address the localization of reactive power, i.e., reactive power should be compensated as close as possible to its consumption location in order to minimize the total network loss and optimize voltage stability, local markets are segmented using node admittance matrices and clustering algorithms to quantify the service value of the main entities.

[0100] Firstly, based on the power grid node admittance matrix Y bus The power grid is decomposed into the coupling relationship between the load bus L and the main bus G:

[0101]

[0102] Among them, Y LL Y is the admittance submatrix between load buses. LG This is the load-generator bus admittance sub-matrix. The relative electrical distance matrix N is defined through matrix transformation. G This reflects the degree of influence of the main body on the load voltage.

[0103]

[0104] Further define the coupling matrix N LG Quantifying the contribution of different entities to local voltage stability provides a theoretical basis for differentiated pricing.

[0105]

[0106] in, For N G The (i,j)th element, It reflects the voltage coupling strength between the i-th main body and the j-th load bus.

[0107] Subsequently, a clustering algorithm was used to assess coupling strength. To assign weights to local markets, ensuring a close correlation between reactive power of entities and loads within the same partition, and that partition resources can cover demand, the following principles apply:

[0108] 1. The average coupling strength between the main body and the load within the same zone is ≥0.6 (per unit value);

[0109] 2. The total reactive power demand within a partition should be ≤ 1.2 times the total adjustable capacity of the partition to avoid resource shortages;

[0110] 3. The zoning boundaries overlap with existing administrative divisions and power grid operation and maintenance zones, reducing management complexity.

[0111] Based on this, the correlation factor of each entity is calculated. This factor is obtained by dividing the sum of the coupling strength between the entity and the load within the partition by the total coupling strength between all entities and loads within the partition.

[0112]

[0113] Among them, L k Let G be the set of load buses for the k-th partition. k Let K be the set of entities in the k-th partition. The relevance factor is used to reflect the reactive service value of an entity in a local market; the more urgent the demand in a region, the higher the relevance factor of the relevant entities.

[0114] Step 2: Incentive-Compatible Stackelberg Game Pricing Mechanism

[0115] Step 2.1 Modeling the Main Cost Function

[0116] Considering the actual expenditure of user-side equipment participating in reactive power services, a two-dimensional cost model is constructed regarding operating costs and opportunity costs. A correlation factor is introduced for correction to ensure that cost accounting aligns with local market demands.

[0117]

[0118] Where, m 1i ·Q gi This represents operating costs, which include direct expenses such as equipment operating energy consumption and daily maintenance, and are linearly linked to reactive power output. Opportunity cost represents the potential loss incurred when equipment is used for reactive power services but forgoes other uses. A quadratic function model is used to reflect the increasing marginal cost characteristic. The introduction of relevance factors is to match the impact of the urgency of local market demand on costs. The more urgent the demand in a region, the higher the implicit value of the services provided by the provider. Cost accounting needs to be reflected through factor adjustments to ensure that the cost model fits the actual market scenario.

[0119] Step 2.2 Setting Incentive Price Signals

[0120] To translate the aforementioned Stackelberg game framework into a practically actionable market price signal, independent system operators need to condense complex game strategies into a clear and unified price signal to guide follower behavior. One effective approach is to design a linear pricing function linked to the true marginal cost of followers, adjusting its parameters to achieve incentive compatibility. To prevent entities from overstating costs or abusing market power, such as by inflating the operating cost coefficient m... 1i and opportunity cost coefficient m 2i Through methods such as monopolizing local reactive power supply, the price signals released by independent system operators must meet incentive compatibility conditions to ensure that the benefits of honest reporting outweigh the benefits of false reporting, and the reactive power pricing price λ i The formula is designed as follows:

[0121] λ i =a·θ i +b

[0122]

[0123] Where, θ i To represent the true marginal cost, a and b are adjustment coefficients set by independent system operators to induce entities to honestly declare costs, which must satisfy the following:

[0124] 1. a>1: ​​Ensure that the price signal is higher than the marginal cost, reserving profit margin for the main entity;

[0125] 2.b>(1-a)θ i To avoid negative price signals due to a>1, and to ensure individual rationality.

[0126] The price signal is constructed based on the entity's true marginal cost, which is obtained by differentiating the cost function with respect to reactive power output. The price signal formula includes an adjustment coefficient, which must be chosen to ensure that the returns for honestly reporting entities are higher than those for those making false reports. This design guides entities to disclose costs truthfully through price leverage, while ensuring that entities obtain non-negative profits, thus maintaining market fairness and enhancing entities' long-term participation willingness.

[0127] Step 2.4 Construction of Revenue Accounting and Constraint System

[0128] The total revenue of entities participating in market transactions consists of basic service revenue, reserve revenue, and targeted adjustment rewards, as shown in the formula:

[0129] P market,i =λ i ·Q gi -C market,i +C res,i +C acc,i

[0130] Where, λ i ·Q gi Basic service revenue, calculated based on price signals and actual reactive power output, is a core component of revenue; C res,i The formula for calculating reserve returns is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] in, For the maximum output capacity of the equipment, entities are encouraged to reserve emergency capacity. The reserve capacity is calculated based on the formula related to the difference between the maximum capacity and the actual output of the equipment. The more reserve capacity there is, the higher the opportunity cost compensation.

[0133] C acc,i To ensure precise reward adjustment, entities that achieve the required adjustment accuracy will receive an additional reward: 5% to 10% of the base return when the adjustment accuracy is between 90% and 110%. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0134]

[0135] Meanwhile, to ensure grid security and market fairness, two categories of constraints are set: physical constraints and market constraints. Physical constraints include upper and lower limits for reactive power output. Voltage stability range Line power flow restriction Ensure that market transactions do not exceed the safety boundaries of the power grid.

[0136] Market constraints, by controlling the market share of entities and standardizing data reporting, prevent the abuse of market power and data fraud, thereby maintaining market order.

[0137] Therefore, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0138] (1) From rough rewards and punishments to precise pricing: By partitioning the electrical coupling matrix and using correlation factors, the reactive power price signal is refined in the spatial dimension, so that the return on providing reactive power services in areas with weak power grids is much higher than that in areas with abundant resources, thus alleviating the problem of resource mismatch.

[0139] (2) From passive response to active participation: The Stackelberg game model ensures the stability and economy of resources in the medium and long term. Users can actively optimize the operation strategy of their own equipment based on clear price signals to achieve profitability.

[0140] (3) From potential manipulation to incentive compatibility: The unique linear pricing function λi=a·θi+b and its coefficient settings are the core innovations in the mechanism design of this invention. This makes "telling the truth" the optimal strategy for users, effectively suppressing market forces and ensuring market fairness and efficiency—something traditional methods completely lack.

[0141] (4) From single value to multi-dimensional value: Through the composite income model of basic income + reserve income + precise reward, and the multi-dimensional contribution accounting in real-time incentives, the direct cost, opportunity cost and value contribution of users in providing services are fully compensated, which greatly improves the accuracy and attractiveness of incentives.

[0142] Exemplary device

[0143] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a dynamic excitation device for reactive power regulation service based on Stackelberg game theory, provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the device 200 includes:

[0144] The first construction module 210 is used to construct the electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation entity and the load bus based on the power grid node admittance matrix, and to divide the entire power grid into multiple local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix.

[0145] The first calculation module 220 is used to calculate the correlation factors of each power generation entity in each local reactive power market;

[0146] The second building module 230 is used to construct a two-dimensional cost model of operating costs and opportunity costs based on relevance factors, and to design a linear pricing function;

[0147] The third construction module 240 is used to construct the total revenue function of the entity participating in market transactions based on the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function;

[0148] The second calculation module 250 is used to calculate the total return of the entity participating in market transactions based on the total return function and preset physical and market constraints.

[0149] Optionally, the first building module includes:

[0150] Based on the power grid node admittance matrix, the power grid is decomposed into the coupling relationship between the load bus and the main bus;

[0151] Based on the coupling relationship, the relative electrical distance matrix is ​​defined through matrix transformation;

[0152] An electrical coupling strength matrix is ​​constructed based on the relative electrical distance matrix.

[0153] Alternatively, the principle for segmenting local markets is as follows:

[0154] The average coupling strength between the main body and the load within the same zone is ≥0.6;

[0155] The total reactive power demand within a zone is ≤ 1.2 times the total adjustable capacity of the main body of that zone;

[0156] The zoning boundaries overlap with existing administrative divisions and power grid operation and maintenance zones.

[0157] Optionally, the formula for calculating the correlation factor is:

[0158]

[0159] In the formula, L k Let G be the set of load buses for the k-th partition. k Let k be the set of the main components of the k-th partition. The voltage coupling strength between the i-th main body and the j-th load bus; The voltage coupling strength between the k-th main body and the m-th load bus is given.

[0160] Optionally, a two-dimensional cost model C market,i The expression is:

[0161]

[0162] In the formula, m 1i ·Q gi Indicates operating costs; R represents opportunity cost; i Correlation factor;

[0163] Linear pricing function λi The expression is:

[0164] λ i =a·θ i +b

[0165]

[0166] In the formula, θ i Let a and b be the adjustment coefficients set by the independent system operator, representing the true marginal cost, and satisfying the following conditions: a > 1 and b > (1-a)θ. i .

[0167] Optionally, the total revenue function P market,i The expression is:

[0168] P market,i =λ i ·Q gi -C market,i +C res,i +C acc,i

[0169] In the formula, λ i ·Q gi Basic service revenue, calculated based on price signals and actual reactive power output, is a core component of revenue; C res,i The formula for calculating reserve returns is as follows:

[0170]

[0171] in, This refers to the maximum output capacity of the device.

[0172] C acc,i To precisely adjust rewards, the calculation formula is as follows:

[0173]

[0174] Physical constraints include upper and lower limits of reactive power output. Voltage stability range Line power flow restriction Ensure that market transactions do not exceed the safety boundaries of the power grid.

[0175] Exemplary electronic devices

[0176] Figure 3 This is the structure of an electronic device provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device 30 includes one or more processors 31 and memory 32.

[0177] The processor 31 may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit with data processing and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions.

[0178] The memory 32 may include one or more computer program products, which may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc. One or more computer program instructions may be stored on the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor 31 may execute the program instructions to implement the methods of the software programs of the various embodiments of the present invention described above, and / or other desired functions. In one example, the electronic device may also include an input device 33 and an output device 34, these components being interconnected via a bus system and / or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown).

[0179] In addition, the input device 33 may also include, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, etc.

[0180] The output device 34 can output various information to the outside. The output device 34 may include, for example, a display, a speaker, a printer, and a communication network and its connected remote output devices, etc.

[0181] Of course, for the sake of simplicity, Figure 3 Only some of the components of this electronic device relevant to the present invention are shown, omitting components such as buses, input / output interfaces, etc. In addition, the electronic device may include any other suitable components depending on the specific application.

[0182] Exemplary computer program products and computer-readable storage media

[0183] In addition to the methods and apparatus described above, embodiments of the present invention may also be computer program products, which include computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps in the methods according to various embodiments of the present invention described in the "Exemplary Methods" section above.

[0184] The computer program product can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to perform the operations of the embodiments of the present invention. The programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's computing device, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0185] Furthermore, embodiments of the present invention may also be computer-readable storage media storing computer program instructions thereon, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the methods according to various embodiments of the present invention described in the "Exemplary Methods" section above.

[0186] The computer-readable storage medium may be any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium may be, for example, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0187] The basic principles of the present invention have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, and effects mentioned in the present invention are merely examples and not limitations, and should not be considered as essential features of each embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed above are for illustrative and facilitative purposes only, and are not limitations. These details do not limit the present invention to the necessity of employing the aforementioned specific details.

[0188] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For system embodiments, since they largely correspond to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0189] The block diagrams of devices, systems, devices, and systems involved in this invention are merely illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that they must be connected, arranged, or configured in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As those skilled in the art will recognize, these devices, systems, devices, and systems can be connected, arranged, and configured in any manner. Words such as “comprising,” “including,” “having,” etc., are open-ended terms meaning “including but not limited to,” and are used interchangeably with them. The terms “or” and “and” as used herein refer to the terms “and / or,” and are used interchangeably with them unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “such as” as used herein refers to the phrase “such as but not limited to,” and is used interchangeably with it.

[0190] The methods and systems of the present invention may be implemented in many ways. For example, they may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order of steps for the methods is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the methods of the present invention are not limited to the order specifically described above unless otherwise specifically stated. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the present invention may also be implemented as a program recorded on a recording medium, the program comprising machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present invention. Thus, the present invention also covers recording media storing programs for performing the methods according to the present invention.

[0191] It should also be noted that in the systems, apparatus, and methods of the present invention, the components or steps can be disassembled and / or recombined. These disassemblies and / or recombinations should be considered equivalents of the present invention. The above description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but rather to be carried out within the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

[0192] The above description has been given for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the invention to the forms disclosed herein. Although numerous exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A dynamic incentive method for reactive power regulation service based on Stackelberg game, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: Based on the admittance matrix of the grid nodes, the electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation subject and the load bus is constructed, and the entire grid is divided into multiple local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix; Calculate the correlation factor of each power generation subject in each local reactive power market; Based on the correlation factor, a two-dimensional cost model about operating cost and opportunity cost is constructed, and a linear pricing function is designed; According to the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function, a total revenue function of the subject participating in market transaction is constructed; Based on the total revenue function and the preset physical constraints and market constraints, the total revenue of the subject participating in market transaction is calculated.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Based on the admittance matrix of the grid nodes, the electrical coupling strength between each power generation subject and the load bus is calculated, comprising: Based on the admittance matrix of the grid nodes, the coupling relationship between the load bus and the subject bus is disassembled; Based on the coupling relationship, the relative electrical distance matrix is defined by matrix transformation; Based on the relative electrical distance matrix, the electrical coupling strength matrix is constructed.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The division principle of the local market is: The average coupling strength of the subject and the load in the same partition is greater than or equal to 0.6; The total reactive power demand in the partition is less than or equal to 1.2 times the total adjustable capacity of the subject in the partition; The partition boundary coincides with the existing administrative division and the grid operation partition.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The expression of the correlation factor is: In the formula, L k is the load bus set of the kth partition, G k is the subject set of the kth partition; is the voltage coupling strength between the ith subject and the jth load bus; is the voltage coupling strength between the kth subject and the mth load bus.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The two-dimensional cost model C market,i The expression for C is: where m 1i • Q gi represents operating costs; represents opportunity costs; R i is a correlation factor; The expression of the linear pricing function is: λ i = a · θ i + b In the formula, λ i is the reactive power pricing price, θ i is the real marginal cost, a and b are adjustment coefficients set by the independent system operator, which satisfy: a>1 and b>(1-a)θ i .

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The total revenue function P market,i is expressed by the formula: P market,i = λ i · Q gi - C market,i + C res,i + C acc,i In the formula, λ i ·Q gi is the basic service revenue, which is the core component of the revenue, calculated based on the price signal and the actual reactive power output; C res,i is the reserve revenue, calculated as follows: wherein, is the maximum output capacity of the device; C acc,i To fine-tune the reward, the formula is: The physical constraints include reactive power output upper and lower limits Voltage stability range Line flow limits Ensuring market transactions do not breach grid security boundaries.

7. A dynamic incentive device for reactive power regulation service based on Stackelberg game, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The first construction module is used for constructing the electrical coupling strength matrix between each power generation subject and the load bus based on the admittance matrix of the grid nodes, and dividing the entire grid into multiple local markets according to the electrical coupling strength matrix; The first calculation module is used for calculating the correlation factor of each power generation subject in each local reactive power market; The second construction module is used for constructing a two-dimensional cost model about operating cost and opportunity cost based on the correlation factor, and designing a linear pricing function; The third construction module is used for constructing a total revenue function of the subject participating in market transaction according to the two-dimensional cost model and the linear pricing function; The second calculation module is used for calculating the total revenue of the subject participating in market transaction based on the total revenue function and the preset physical constraints and market constraints.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The first construction module comprises: Based on the admittance matrix of the grid nodes, the coupling relationship between the load bus and the subject bus is disassembled; Based on the coupling relationship, the relative electrical distance matrix is defined by matrix transformation; Based on the relative electrical distance matrix, the electrical coupling strength matrix is constructed.

9. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The division principle of the local market is: The average coupling strength of the subject and the load in the same partition is greater than or equal to 0.6; The total reactive power demand in the partition is less than or equal to 1.2 times the total adjustable capacity of the subject in the partition; The partition boundary coincides with the existing administrative division and the grid operation partition.

10. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The expression of the correlation factor is: wherein L k is the set of load buses of the kth zone, G k is the set of bodies of the kth zone; is the voltage coupling strength between the ith body and the jth load bus; is the voltage coupling strength between the kth body and the mth load bus.

11. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The two-dimensional cost model C market,i The expression for C is: where m 1i • Q gi represents operating cost; represents opportunity cost; R i is a correlation factor; The expression of the linear pricing function is: λ i = a · θ i + b In the formula, λ i is the reactive power pricing price, θ i is the real marginal cost, a and b are adjustment coefficients set by the independent system operator, which satisfy: a>1 and b>(1-a)θ i .

12. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The total revenue function P market,i is expressed by the formula: P market,i = λ i · Q gi - C market,i + C res,i + C acc,i In the formula, λ i ·Q gi is the basic service revenue, which is the core component of the revenue, calculated based on the price signal and the actual reactive power output; C res,i is the reserve revenue, calculated as follows: wherein, is the maximum output capacity of the device; C acc,i To fine-tune the reward, the formula is: The physical constraints include reactive power output upper and lower limits Voltage stability range Line flow limits Ensuring market transactions do not breach grid security boundaries.

13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is used to execute the method in any one of claims 1-6.

14. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: A processor; A memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 1-6.

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