System and method for synergistically regulating and controlling rheological property of wax-bearing crude oil through ultrasonic magnetic field

Abstract

The invention relates to a system and method for synergistically regulating and controlling rheological property of wax-bearing crude oil through an ultrasonic magnetic field, and belongs to the technical field of oil exploitation, storage and transportation. The system comprises a stainless steel non-magnetic processor, a magnetic treatment device, an ultrasonic treatment device, a wax crystal observation system device, an online viscometer and a central controller, the method comprises the following steps: injecting a wax-containing crude oil sample into a stainless steel non-magnetic processor and heating to a preset temperature; synchronously applying ultrasonic waves and a magnetic field for cooperative treatment; collecting rheological property parameters and wax crystal morphology parameters in real time; the real-time parameters are compared with target parameters, and whether the processing effect reaches the standard or not is judged; and if not, automatically adjusting the ultrasonic energy or the magnetic field intensity or simultaneously adjusting the ultrasonic energy and the magnetic field intensity. Through intelligent closed-loop control, a two-parameter evaluation system and a physical field synergistic effect, accurate, stable and efficient regulation and control of the rheological property of the wax-bearing crude oil are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas extraction and storage technology, and in particular to a system and method for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields. Background Technology

[0002] During the extraction, transportation, and storage of waxy crude oil, the decreasing temperature causes wax crystals to precipitate and aggregate, forming a three-dimensional network structure. This leads to a sharp increase in the apparent viscosity and a significant rise in yield stress, severely affecting the fluidity of the crude oil. This not only increases the energy consumption and cost of pipeline transportation but may also lead to serious accidents such as pipeline blockage and production shutdowns. Therefore, developing efficient and environmentally friendly technologies for reducing pour point and drag of waxy crude oil is of great significance for ensuring safe production in oil fields and reducing transportation costs.

[0003] Currently, domestic and international technologies for reducing pour point and drag of waxy crude oil mainly include chemical pour point depressants, thermal treatment, and physical field treatment. While chemical pour point depressants are highly effective, they suffer from high costs, environmental pollution risks, and potential impacts on subsequent crude oil processing. Thermal treatment methods are energy-intensive, require complex equipment, and may result in the re-precipitation of wax crystals after cooling. Physical field treatment technology, due to its environmental friendliness, lack of pollution, and ease of operation, has received widespread attention in recent years.

[0004] In physical field treatment technologies, ultrasonic treatment and magnetic field treatment are two widely studied methods. Ultrasonic treatment, through cavitation effects, mechanical vibration, and thermal effects, can break up wax crystals, inhibit their aggregation, and improve crude oil fluidity. Magnetic field treatment, on the other hand, inhibits the formation of wax crystal network structures by altering the crystallization behavior and orientation of wax crystals. However, single physical field treatments often suffer from limited effectiveness, narrow applicability, and stringent processing conditions. For example, ultrasonic treatment alone requires high energy input, and prolonged treatment may lead to excessive temperature increases in the crude oil; magnetic field treatment alone is not effective for certain crude oils, and requires high magnetic field strength.

[0005] Existing technologies have attempted to combine ultrasound and magnetic fields for the treatment of waxy crude oil. However, these technical solutions generally suffer from the following systemic drawbacks:

[0006] (1) Coarse control mode: mostly open-loop control or fixed parameter processing, unable to dynamically adjust key parameters such as ultrasonic power and magnetic field strength according to the real-time effect during the processing, resulting in unstable processing effect and difficulty in achieving adaptive optimization.

[0007] (2) The evaluation system is imperfect: usually only the final apparent viscosity is used as the evaluation index, and there is a complete lack of real-time monitoring and evaluation of the micro-morphological changes of wax crystals, resulting in low control accuracy and unclear mechanism, making it impossible to achieve the leap from "macro viscosity reduction" to "micro-control".

[0008] (3) Insufficient intelligence: There is a lack of intelligent decision-making system based on multi-source information fusion. When the processing effect is not up to standard, it cannot automatically execute optimization strategies such as parameter adjustment and mode switching, and still relies on human experience judgment and manual operation.

[0009] (4) Low system integration: Most existing devices are simply superimposed, without fully considering the coordinated configuration of ultrasonic field and magnetic field in terms of spatial distribution and action timing, and lack a real-time monitoring and feedback mechanism for key parameters of the processing process.

[0010] In summary, existing ultrasound-magnetic field co-processing technologies still suffer from systemic bottlenecks such as crude control, limited evaluation, insufficient intelligence, and low integration, making it difficult to achieve stable, accurate, and adaptive processing goals. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a system and method for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: On the one hand, a system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields is provided, the system comprising: The stainless steel non-magnetic processor has an internal processing cavity. The magnetic processing device includes at least one pair of magnets, each pair of magnets consisting of a fixed magnet and a movable magnet, and each pair of magnets is arranged with opposite poles facing each other. The fixed magnet is fixedly installed on the first outer side wall of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor. An electric slide is installed on the second outer side wall opposite to the first outer side wall. The movable magnet is fixed on the sliding part of the electric slide. By driving the movable magnet through the electric slide, a changing magnetic field that passes through the waxy crude oil sample can be generated in the processing chamber. The ultrasonic processing device includes an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic probe connected in sequence. The ultrasonic probe is installed on the top of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor through a sealed structure. The detection end of the ultrasonic probe is located in the processing cavity of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor and is used to emit ultrasonic waves to waxy crude oil samples. An online viscometer is installed at the outlet of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor; The wax crystal observation device includes a long working distance microscope and a high-speed CMOS camera connected to the optical output end of the long working distance microscope; the objective lens of the long working distance microscope is aligned with the observation window on the stainless steel non-magnetic processor for optical magnification imaging of the wax crystals in the processing cavity. The central controller is connected to the electric slide, the ultrasonic generator, the online viscometer and the high-speed CMOS camera respectively, and controls the adjustment of the magnetic pole spacing and ultrasonic processing, and synchronously acquires the real-time rheological parameters and real-time wax crystal morphology parameters of the waxy crude oil. Preferably, the device further includes a circulating water bath temperature control device and a double-layer constant temperature water bath. The stainless steel non-magnetic processor is installed inside the double-layer constant temperature water bath. The circulating water bath temperature control device includes a constant temperature water bath, a circulating pump, a heater, a cooler, and at least one high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor. The outlet of the constant temperature water bath is connected to the inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath through an inlet pipe. The outlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath is connected to the inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath through an outlet pipe. The circulating pump is installed on the inlet pipe. The heater and cooler are installed inside the constant temperature water bath. The high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor is installed inside the double-layer constant temperature water bath.

[0013] Preferably, the magnetic processing device further includes an electromagnet enhancement module, which is disposed on the second outer side wall of the processor, adjacent to the electric slide, and signal-connected to the central controller.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes an automatic telescopic rod oiling device, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor; the automatic telescopic rod oiling device includes a telescopic rod driven by a stepper motor and a syringe fixed to the end of the telescopic rod.

[0015] Preferably, the double-layer constant temperature water bath is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton.

[0016] Preferably, both the fixed magnet and the movable magnet are NdFeB magnets.

[0017] On the other hand, a method for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields is provided, the method comprising the following steps: S1: Control the automatic telescopic rod oil injection device to inject waxy crude oil sample into the stainless steel non-magnetic processor; S2: Set the target temperature and control the circulating water bath temperature control device to heat the waxy crude oil sample to the preset temperature; S3: Control the ultrasonic generator to perform ultrasonic treatment on the waxy crude oil sample through the ultrasonic probe, and control the electric slide to adjust the position of the movable magnet to generate a magnetic field with the fixed magnet to perform magnetic treatment on the waxy crude oil sample. S4: Real-time acquisition of the rheological parameters of the waxy crude oil sample and real-time acquisition of the wax crystal morphology parameters of the waxy crude oil. S5. Compare the real-time rheological parameters with the preset target rheological parameters, and at the same time compare the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters with the preset target wax crystal morphology parameters. S6. Based on the comparison results, determine whether the processing effect meets the standard; wherein, the processing effect not meeting the standard means that: the real-time rheological parameters do not reach the target rheological parameters, or the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters do not reach the target wax crystal morphology parameters; or the comprehensive parameters obtained by weighted calculation of the real-time rheological parameters and the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters do not reach the target comprehensive parameters. S7. When the judgment result is not up to standard, automatically adjust the ultrasonic energy or magnetic field strength applied to the waxy crude oil sample, or adjust both ultrasonic energy and magnetic field strength simultaneously. S8. Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the processing effect is judged to meet the standard or the maximum number of cycles is reached.

[0018] Optionally, the method further includes: the method according to claim 1, wherein the rheological parameter includes at least one of apparent viscosity and yield stress, and the wax crystal morphology parameter includes at least one of wax crystal average equivalent diameter, aspect ratio, and aggregation degree.

[0019] Optionally, the rheological parameters are collected by an online viscometer, the wax crystal morphology parameters are collected by a wax crystal observation device, and the target rheological parameters are required to have an apparent viscosity reduction rate of not less than 30%, the target wax crystal morphology parameters are required to have an average equivalent diameter of not more than 20 μm, and the target comprehensive parameters are required to be not less than 50%.

[0020] Optionally, the automatic adjustment specifically includes: adjusting the ultrasonic energy by adjusting the output power of the ultrasonic generator, and adjusting the magnetic field strength by adjusting the magnetic field strength adjustment parameter of the magnetic processing system.

[0021] This invention, by constructing a four-in-one technical system integrating closed-loop intelligent control, dual-parameter evaluation, adaptive optimization, and system integration, fundamentally solves the system bottlenecks of existing ultrasonic-magnetic field collaborative processing technologies, which suffer from crude control, singular evaluation, insufficient intelligence, and low integration, achieving significant beneficial effects. (1) In terms of control mode, the closed-loop intelligent control strategy realizes automatic adjustment based on the deviation between real-time data and target value, and improves the processing process from open-loop, coarse control to precise and stable closed-loop feedback control, which significantly improves the stability and reliability of the processing effect.

[0022] (2) In terms of evaluation system, by introducing wax crystal morphology parameters and combining them with rheological parameters, a dual-parameter comprehensive evaluation system combining macroscopic and microscopic aspects was established, realizing a comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the treatment effect, providing a solid foundation for intelligent control, and realizing the transformation from experience-based judgment to data-driven approach.

[0023] (3) In terms of intelligence, by pre-setting multi-level adaptive adjustment strategies, the system can automatically perform parameter optimization and mode switching in sequence when the effect does not meet the standard, which has a high degree of adaptive optimization capability, greatly reduces the dependence on human experience, and realizes the intelligence of the processing process.

[0024] (4) In terms of system integration, through the coordinated design of stainless steel non-magnetic processor, magnetic processing device, ultrasonic processing device, wax crystal observation system device, online viscometer and central controller, the ultrasonic field and magnetic field are highly coordinated in time and space, forming a highly integrated organic whole, which provides a hardware foundation for the realization of the above control strategy and evaluation system, and generates a synergistic gain effect. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a testing method for the synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure label: 1. Circulating water bath temperature control device; 2. Long working distance microscope; 3. High-speed CMOS camera; 4. Stainless steel turbine clamp; 5. Ultrasonic probe; 6. Ultrasonic generator; 7. Electromagnet enhancement module; 8. Automatic telescopic rod oil injection device; 801. Telescopic rod; 802. Syringe; 9. Insulation cotton; 10. Fixed magnet; 11. Double-layer constant temperature water bath; 12. Movable magnet; 13. Stainless steel non-magnetic processor; 14. Crude oil; 15. Electric slide; 16. Online viscometer; 101. Constant temperature water bath; 102. Circulating pump; 103. Heater; 104. High-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor; 105. Inlet pipe; 106. Outlet pipe; 107. Refrigerator. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This invention provides a system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields. (See also...) Figure 1The system includes: a circulating water bath temperature control device, a stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13, a double-layer constant temperature water bath 11, a magnetic treatment device, an ultrasonic treatment device, a wax crystal observation device, an automatic telescopic rod oil injection device 8, an online viscometer 16, and a central controller 4; the outlet of the circulating water bath temperature control device 1 is connected to the inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11.

[0031] The double-layer constant temperature water bath 11 is equipped with a stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13, which is used to provide a constant temperature environment for the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13. The stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 has a processing chamber inside, which is used to contain waxy crude oil sample 14. The magnetic processing device includes at least one pair of magnets, each pair including a fixed magnet 10 and a movable magnet 12, with the fixed magnet 10 and the movable magnet 12 arranged with opposite poles facing each other, for generating a magnetic field passing through the waxy crude oil sample 14 in the processing chamber. The fixed magnet 10 is fixedly installed on the first outer side wall of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13; the electric slide 15 is installed on the second outer side wall of the processor 13; the movable magnet 12 is fixedly connected to the sliding component of the electric slide 15, and the first outer side wall and the second outer side wall are opposite to each other. The ultrasonic processing device includes an ultrasonic generator 6 and an ultrasonic probe 5. The ultrasonic generator 6 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic probe 5. The ultrasonic probe 5 is fixedly installed on the top of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 through a sealed structure. The detection end of the ultrasonic probe 5 is located in the processing cavity of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 and is used to emit ultrasonic waves to the waxy crude oil sample 14.

[0032] The outlet of the automatic telescopic rod oil injection device 8 is connected to the inlet of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13; the online viscometer 16 is installed at the outlet of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13; the online viscometer 16 is used to measure the viscosity of the crude oil sample flowing out of the processing chamber of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 in real time. The wax crystal observation device includes a long working distance microscope 3 and a high-speed CMOS camera 3 connected to the optical output end of the long working distance microscope 2; the objective lens of the long working distance microscope 3 is aligned with the observation window provided on the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 for optical magnification imaging of the wax crystal in the processing cavity; the high-speed CMOS camera 3 is used to convert the magnified optical image formed by the long working distance microscope 3 into a digital image signal and record it.

[0033] The wax crystal observation device is connected to the central controller via signal, and the high-speed CMOS camera 3 is connected to the central controller 4 via signal, for transmitting the acquired wax crystal image signal to the central controller 4.

[0034] The central controller 4 is connected to the circulating water bath temperature control device 1, the electric slide 15, the ultrasonic generator 6, the automatic telescopic rod oil injection device 8, and the online viscometer 16 for signal control of temperature, magnetic pole spacing, ultrasonic treatment, oil injection operation, and collection of viscosity data.

[0035] The ultrasonic magnetic field-assisted regulation system for the rheological properties of waxy crude oil provided by this invention is a dynamic and intelligent closed-loop control process, the core of which lies in "real-time monitoring, intelligent judgment, precise regulation, and cyclic verification". First, a quantitative sample of waxy crude oil is injected into the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 via an automatic telescopic rod oil injection device 8. Temperature preset: Initial experimental parameters are set through the human-machine interface. According to the settings, the central controller 4 instructs the circulating water bath temperature control device 1 to start working, heating or cooling the heat-conducting medium in the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11 to the target temperature, such as 40°C, so that the wax crystals in the waxy crude oil sample are completely dissolved, establishing a uniform initial state. Target parameter settings: Target rheological parameters, such as an apparent viscosity reduction rate of not less than 30%, and target wax crystal morphology parameters, such as an average equivalent diameter of wax crystals not greater than 20 μm, are set in the central controller 4. Then, the collaborative processing and real-time monitoring are initiated: After initialization, the central controller 4, according to a preset program, simultaneously or in a specific sequence, starts the ultrasonic generator 6 and the magnetic processing system, controlling the electric slide 15 to move the magnet to the working position, and selectively activating the electromagnet enhancement module 7 for real-time data acquisition: The online viscometer 16 begins to continuously measure and report the real-time rheological parameters of crude oil, such as apparent viscosity. The wax crystal observation device, such as a microscope + camera, begins to periodically capture images of wax crystals within the processor, and calculates wax crystal morphology parameters, such as average equivalent diameter and roundness, in real time through image analysis algorithms. Next, data fusion and intelligent judgment are performed: The central controller 4 receives data from the online viscometer 16 and the wax crystal observation device in real time. Comparison and judgment: The central controller 4 compares the acquired real-time parameters with preset target parameters to determine whether they meet the standards. Finally, when the adaptive optimization control determines "not up to standard," if the processing effect is not up to standard, the central controller 4 will select and execute a control command from the preset optimization strategy library: Parameter fine-tuning: For example, slightly increasing the output power of the ultrasonic generator 6 to enhance the cavitation effect; or fine-tuning the electric slide 15 to change the magnetic field strength / gradient; or adjusting the current of the electromagnet enhancement module 7 to strengthen the magnetic field. Mode switching: If the parameter fine-tuning effect is not significant, the controller can change the timing of the ultrasonic field and magnetic field action, such as changing from simultaneous action to sequential action. Synergistic enhancement: Simultaneously adjust the ultrasonic power and magnetic field parameters to find the optimal synergistic point between the two. V. Cyclic processing and completion of cycle verification: After executing one round of control, the system returns to step two, continues to monitor the processed sample in real time, and performs the judgment in step three again. Termination condition: The cycle continues until: Condition one success: The processing effect is judged to be "up to standard." Condition two protection: When the preset maximum number of safe cycles or the longest processing time is reached, the system automatically stops and alarms to prevent over-processing or equipment damage. Output: After processing, the central controller 4 records the final process parameters and processing results, and can automatically generate an experimental report. Operators can then remove the processed sample for further analysis or discharge.

[0036] Specifically, see Figure 2 The circulating water bath temperature control device includes a constant temperature water bath 101, a circulating pump 102, a heater 103, a cooler 107, and at least one high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor 104. The outlet of the constant temperature water bath 101 is connected to the inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11 through an inlet pipe 105. The outlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11 is connected to the inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath 101 through an outlet pipe 106. The circulating pump 102 is installed on the inlet pipe 105. The heater 103 and the cooler 107 are installed inside the constant temperature water bath 101. The high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor 104 is installed inside the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11.

[0037] In addition, the heater 103 is an electric heating tube, and the cooler 107 is a semiconductor refrigeration chip.

[0038] Specifically, it also includes an electromagnet enhancement module 7, which is disposed on the second outer side wall of the processor 13 and is disposed adjacent to the electric slide 15.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the electromagnet enhancement module 7 does not operate independently; its excitation current is supplied by the... The central controller 4 directly controls the process. During collaborative processing, the central controller dynamically adjusts the excitation current of module 7 based on real-time data on the rheology and wax crystal morphology of the crude oil sample. For example, when the system determines that the magnetic field treatment effect needs to be enhanced, it simultaneously increases the magnetic field output of electromagnet module 7 while controlling the movement of electric slide 15, thereby achieving two-stage precise control of the magnetic field strength through "permanent magnet coarse adjustment + electromagnetic fine adjustment," which greatly improves the dynamic response range and control accuracy of magnetic treatment.

[0040] In this embodiment, the addition of the electromagnet enhancement module 7 brings the following direct benefits: Significantly improved synergistic efficiency: While ultrasonic cavitation breaks up wax crystals, the strong gradient magnetic field can more effectively promote the orderly arrangement of wax crystals along the magnetic field lines, preventing them from re-aggregating disorderly, thus increasing the synergistic processing effect, such as the apparent viscosity reduction rate, by approximately 15%-25%. Expanded processing capacity: For inferior crude oil with high wax content and high pour point, its wax crystal network structure is more robust. The magnetic field strength of a single permanent magnet is often insufficient, while the electromagnet enhancement module 7 provides a controllable additional magnetic field strength, enabling the system to process a wider range of crude oil samples. Precise control achieved: Through cooperation with the electric slide 15, more precise control over the magnetic field strength and spatial distribution is achieved to match the needs of different ultrasonic processing stages, realizing the optimal dynamic matching of "magnetic-acoustic" parameters.

[0041] The automatic telescopic rod oil injection device 8 includes a telescopic rod 801 driven by a stepper motor and a syringe 802 fixed to the end of the telescopic rod 801.

[0042] In addition, the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11 is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton 9.

[0043] Furthermore, both the fixed magnet 10 and the movable magnet 12 are N52 neodymium iron boron magnets, and the ultrasonic processing system is a dual-frequency ultrasonic system. The dual-frequency ultrasonic generator can switch between 20kHz and 40kHz or simultaneously output a composite frequency, with power continuously adjustable from 0-1200W.

[0044] Specifically, the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13 has the following material and structure: the outer cavity is made of 304 stainless steel; the inner cavity processing chamber is made of high-strength sapphire or quartz glass, forming a 360° visualization window, with a pressure resistance of ≥2MPa and a temperature range of -10℃ to 80℃.

[0045] This invention constructs an intelligent closed-loop control system with a central controller at its core, highly integrating ultrasonic and magnetic fields at the hardware level. At the methodological level, it establishes a dual-parameter evaluation system combining macroscopic rheology and microscopic wax crystal morphology. This achieves a fundamental shift from traditional, extensive, and isolated open-loop processing to precise, collaborative, and adaptive intelligent control. Ultimately, it significantly improves the stability, accuracy, automation level, and energy efficiency of the rheological control effect on waxy crude oil, laying a solid foundation for the industrial application of this technology.

[0046] This invention provides a method for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields. (See also...) Figure 3 The method includes: S1: Control the automatic telescopic rod oil injection device to inject a waxy crude oil sample into the stainless steel non-magnetic processor.

[0047] The central controller first activates the automatic telescopic rod oil injection device 8. The actuator of this device operates according to a preset program, quantitatively and steadily injecting a certain volume of waxy crude oil sample, for example, 50 mL, from the sample storage container through the injection pipe into the central processing chamber of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13. Air bubbles must be avoided during the injection process to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the experiment. The central controller 4 records the injected sample volume and time.

[0048] S2: Set the target temperature and control the circulating water bath temperature control device to heat the waxy crude oil sample to the preset temperature.

[0049] In addition, after sample injection, the central controller 4 sends instructions to the circulating water bath temperature control device 1 according to the preset experimental plan. For example, the target temperature is set to 50°C, which must be higher than the wax precipitation point of the crude oil to ensure complete dissolution of wax crystals. The circulating water bath temperature control device is activated, pumping a constant temperature medium such as water or silicone oil into the double-layer constant temperature water bath 11 to program the temperature rise of the sample. The high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor 104 monitors the temperature of the waxy crude oil sample in real time and feeds it back to the central controller, forming a closed-loop temperature control. When the temperature reaches and stabilizes at... Afterward, the system is kept warm for 5-10 minutes to ensure that the internal temperature of the waxy crude oil sample is uniform and that historical thermal effects are eliminated, thus establishing a uniform initial state for subsequent processing.

[0050] S3: Control the ultrasonic generator to perform ultrasonic treatment on the waxy crude oil sample through the ultrasonic probe, and control the electric slide to adjust the position of the movable magnet to generate a magnetic field with the fixed magnet to perform magnetic treatment on the waxy crude oil sample.

[0051] After the heat preservation process is completed, the central controller 4 synchronously or according to a preset sequence initiates collaborative processing: Ultrasonic processing: The central controller 4 sends instructions to the ultrasonic generator 6, setting initial parameters such as power 150W, frequency 25kHz, and continuous wave mode. The ultrasonic generator 6 drives the ultrasonic probe 5 to emit ultrasonic waves into the waxy crude oil sample inside the stainless steel non-magnetic processor 13, utilizing its cavitation and mechanical effects to break up the precipitated or precipitating wax crystals. Simultaneously, the central controller sends pulse signals to the drive motor (e.g., a stepper motor) of the electric slide 15, precisely controlling the movable magnet 12 to move to a preset initial position, such as 10cm from the fixed magnet. At this time, the movable magnet 12 and the fixed magnet 10 together form a static magnetic field of specific intensity (e.g., 0.3T) and gradient within the stainless steel non-magnetic processor cavity, influencing the orientation and aggregation behavior of the wax crystals. The ultrasonic field and magnetic field work synergistically in space and time on the waxy crude oil sample.

[0052] It should be noted that the specific values ​​in the embodiments of the present invention, such as temperature, are not explicitly stated. The power (150W), frequency (25kHz), and time (5-10 minutes) are merely illustrative examples. Those skilled in the art can make appropriate adjustments within the scope of their technical conception. All such adjustments should be included within the protection scope of this invention and should not be considered as limitations on this invention.

[0053] S4: Real-time acquisition of the rheological parameters and wax crystal morphology parameters of the waxy crude oil sample.

[0054] In the collaborative processing of this invention, real-time rheological parameter acquisition is performed: an online viscometer 9 measures the apparent viscosity of crude oil in real time at a fixed sampling frequency, such as once per second, under a specific shear rate, and transmits the data stream to the central controller 4 in real time. Real-time wax crystal morphology parameter acquisition is also performed: a wax crystal observation device 4, such as a microscope equipped with a long working distance objective lens and a high-speed CMOS camera, captures wax crystal images within the processor window at regular intervals, such as once per minute. The images are processed in real time by software to quantify morphological parameters such as the average equivalent diameter, aspect ratio, and number concentration of the wax crystals, and then transmits these parameters to the central controller 4.

[0055] S5. Compare the real-time rheological parameter with the preset target rheological parameter, and at the same time compare the real-time wax crystal morphology parameter with the preset target wax crystal morphology parameter.

[0056] The central controller 4 has preset target values, such as a target rheological parameter of apparent viscosity reduction rate ≥30% and a target wax crystal morphology parameter of average equivalent diameter of wax crystals ≤20μm. The central controller converts the viscosity value collected in real time in step S4 into a real-time viscosity reduction rate and compares it with the apparent viscosity reduction rate requirement of 30%. At the same time, it compares the real-time measured average equivalent diameter of wax crystals with the target average equivalent diameter of 20μm, and these two comparison processes are performed synchronously and in parallel.

[0057] S6. Based on the comparison results, determine whether the processing effect meets the standard; where the processing effect does not meet the standard means that: the real-time rheological parameters do not reach the target rheological parameters, or the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters do not reach the target wax crystal morphology parameters; or the comprehensive parameters obtained by weighting the real-time rheological parameters and the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters do not reach the target comprehensive parameters.

[0058] Specifically, the rheological parameter includes at least one of apparent viscosity and yield stress, and the wax crystal morphology parameter includes at least one of wax crystal average equivalent diameter, aspect ratio, and aggregation degree.

[0059] The criteria for determining "failure to meet the standard" are: real-time viscosity reduction rate <30%, or real-time average wax crystal diameter >20μm. If either condition is met, the overall effect is judged as "failure to meet the standard." Alternatively, the controller can weight the two parameters, such as a viscosity improvement rate weight of 0.6 and a wax crystal size improvement weight of 0.4, to obtain a comprehensive parameter. If this parameter is lower than the preset target comprehensive parameter, such as 50%, it is also judged as "failure to meet the standard."

[0060] Specifically, the central controller 4 receives real-time rheological parameters, including apparent properties, from the online viscometer 9. At least one of viscosity and yield stress.

[0061] The apparent viscosity was calculated using a power-law model to fit the shear stress-shear rate curve, with the following formula: τ = K·γ^n; where τ is the shear stress, γ is the shear rate, K is the consistency coefficient, and n is the rheological index. The values ​​of K and n are obtained by least squares fitting, and the apparent viscosity η = K·γ^(n-1).

[0062] In addition, the yield stress is determined by fitting the Herschel-Bulkley model. When the shear rate approaches 0, the shear stress is the yield stress.

[0063] Specifically, the central controller 4 processes the image data acquired by the wax crystal observation device using the following image processing algorithm, which includes the following steps: S6-1: Image preprocessing: Perform grayscale conversion, filtering and noise reduction, and contrast enhancement on the original image.

[0064] S6-2: Wax Crystal Segmentation: The Otsu adaptive threshold segmentation method is used to separate the wax crystal from the background to obtain a binarized image.

[0065] S6-3: Morphological parameter extraction: Calculate the area A of each connected region, the average equivalent diameter of wax crystals D = 2 × √(A / π), aspect ratio: Calculate the minimum bounding rectangle of each wax crystal, aspect ratio = major axis length / minor axis length; number concentration: count the number of wax crystals per unit area; aggregation analysis: calculate the average distance between wax crystals, or use fractal dimension to analyze the aggregation state of wax crystals.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, a comprehensive parameter is obtained by weighting real-time rheological parameters and real-time wax crystal morphology parameters. If the comprehensive parameter does not reach the target comprehensive parameter, the specific calculation of the comprehensive parameter is as follows: First, calculate the rheological improvement rate = (viscosity before treatment - viscosity after treatment) / viscosity before treatment × 100%; then calculate the wax crystal dispersion index = average equivalent diameter of wax crystals after treatment / average equivalent diameter of wax crystals before treatment; the comprehensive parameter = 0.6 × rheological improvement rate + 0.4 × wax crystal dispersion index.

[0067] To comprehensively and accurately evaluate the effect of ultrasonic-magnetic field synergistic treatment of waxy crude oil samples, the central controller (4) of this embodiment adopts the multi-parameter integrated intelligent judgment strategy described below. The core of this strategy is that it no longer relies on a single index, but instead conducts a multi-dimensional and systematic comprehensive evaluation of macroscopic rheology and microscopic wax crystal morphology. In this embodiment of the invention, the comprehensive judgment of rheological parameters can also be achieved through multi-parameter judgment rules:

[0068] The central controller (4) performs parallel judgments on the collected real-time rheological parameters: Apparent viscosity judgment: calculates the real-time apparent viscosity reduction rate and judges whether it meets the target requirement (≥30%). This parameter directly reflects the degree of improvement in the macroscopic fluidity of crude oil. Yield stress judgment: reads the real-time yield stress value and judges whether it meets the target requirement (≤15Pa). This parameter represents the minimum shear stress required to destroy the wax crystal network structure, and its reduction means that the structural strength is weakened. Overall rheological judgment: the central controller (4) judges that the overall rheological parameters meet the standard only when both of the above two parameters meet the standard; if any one of the parameters does not meet the standard, the rheological properties are judged to be unqualified.

[0069] In addition, the comprehensive determination of wax crystal morphology parameters: The central controller (4) synchronously performs parallel determination of the collected microscopic wax crystal morphology parameters: Average equivalent diameter determination: Calculate the real-time average equivalent diameter of the wax crystal and determine whether it meets the target requirement (≤20μm). This parameter is the core indicator for measuring the size of wax crystal particles. Aspect ratio determination: Read the real-time aspect ratio of the wax crystal and determine whether it meets the target requirement (≤2.5). This parameter reflects the anisotropy of the shape of the wax crystal. The smaller the value, the closer the wax crystal is to a sphere and the better the morphology. Aggregation degree determination: Calculate the real-time aggregation degree of the wax crystal and determine whether it meets the target requirement (≤40%). This parameter quantifies the degree of aggregation between wax crystals. The lower the value, the better the dispersion and the weaker the three-dimensional network structure.

[0070] Overall judgment of wax crystal morphology: The central controller (4) determines that the overall wax crystal morphology parameters meet the standards only when all three parameters mentioned above meet the standards; if any one of the parameters does not meet the standards, the wax crystal morphology is determined to be substandard.

[0071] Furthermore, the final comprehensive judgment of the processing effect: fully compliant: when the real-time rheological parameters and the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters are both judged to be fully compliant, the central controller (4) finally judges the processing effect as "fully compliant" and terminates the processing process.

[0072] Not up to standard: If one or both of the rheological parameters or wax crystal morphology parameters are judged to be not up to standard overall, the final judgment is "not up to standard", and the intelligent control strategy of step S7 will be immediately activated.

[0073] S7. When the judgment result is not up to standard, automatically adjust the ultrasonic energy or magnetic field strength applied to the waxy crude oil, or adjust both ultrasonic energy and magnetic field strength at the same time.

[0074] S8. Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the processing effect is judged to meet the standard or the maximum number of cycles is reached.

[0075] When the judgment result of S6 is that the standard is not met, the central controller (4) determines the specific standard not met. Parameter type, automatically execute the following single-parameter targeted adjustment strategy: Scenario 1: If only the rheological parameters are not up to standard (e.g., the real-time apparent viscosity is higher than the target viscosity, or the viscosity reduction rate does not reach the preset threshold), this indicates that the current treatment is insufficient to improve the macroscopic fluidity of crude oil. The central controller (4) will prioritize increasing the output power of the ultrasonic generator (6) in a certain step (e.g., 10W) ​​to enhance the ultrasonic cavitation effect and mechanical shearing action, more effectively destroy the wax crystal network structure, thereby optimizing the rheology.

[0076] Scenario 2: If only the morphological parameters of the wax crystals are not up to standard (e.g., the average equivalent diameter of the wax crystals in real time is greater than the target value, or the roundness of the wax crystals is not up to standard), this indicates that the current treatment is not effective in regulating the micro-morphology of the wax crystals. The central controller (4) will prioritize adjusting the parameters of the magnetic processing system, specifically: controlling the electric control slide (15) to reduce the distance between the movable magnet (12) and the fixed magnet (10) to enhance the magnetic field strength, and / or increasing the excitation current of the electromagnet enhancement module (7). By enhancing the magnetic field strength, the wax crystals can be more effectively arranged in an orderly manner along the direction of the magnetic field lines, and their three-dimensional network aggregation can be suppressed, thereby optimizing the morphology of the wax crystals.

[0077] Scenario 3: If the rheological parameters and wax crystal morphology parameters do not meet the standards, that is, the comprehensive parameters obtained by weighted calculation of the rheological parameters and wax crystal morphology parameters do not meet the standards, the central controller (4) will simultaneously adjust the ultrasonic energy and magnetic field strength proportionally to implement synergistic enhancement processing.

[0078] After the parameter adjustment is completed, the process returns to step S4 to continue real-time monitoring and judgment, forming a closed-loop control until the treatment effect meets the standard.

[0079] It should be noted that the conditions for stopping the loop iteration include: after the adjustment of S7 is completed, the process automatically returns to step S4, and real-time monitoring and comparison are performed again to form a closed loop of "monitoring-judgment-control" until the processing effect is judged to be "up to standard" or the maximum safe running time or number of loops set by the system is reached, and then it will automatically stop and alarm.

[0080] The specific values, materials, and configurations mentioned in this invention specification (including embodiments) are merely exemplary and intended only to better illustrate the technical content of the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Any simple modifications, substitutions, or alterations to the invention within the framework of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0081] Through the complete implementation of this embodiment, it is fully verified that the system and method of the present invention are superior to the prior art. This technique has the following significant beneficial effects: 1. The synergistic effect is significant, and the treatment effect is comprehensively better than that of a single method.

[0082] The implementation process shows that, under the coordinated control of the system, the ultrasonic field and the magnetic field produce a clear synergistic gain effect. The samples treated with this synergy exhibit significantly better results in terms of reduced apparent viscosity and refined dispersion of wax crystals compared to ultrasonic or magnetic treatment alone under the same conditions. This demonstrates that the present invention does not achieve a simple superposition of physical fields, but rather produces a synergistic enhancement effect where "one plus one is greater than two."

[0083] 2. Intelligent closed-loop control ensures the stability of the processing and the reliability of the results.

[0084] During implementation, when real-time monitoring data failed to meet the preset target, the system immediately triggered an adaptive adjustment process and successfully optimized parameters to achieve the expected processing effect. This process required no manual intervention, and repeated processing of the same waxy crude oil sample showed a high degree of consistency. This demonstrates that the intelligent closed-loop control strategy of this invention can automatically compensate for fluctuations caused by inherent differences in the sample or deviations in initial parameters, significantly improving the automation level, reproducibility, and reliability of the processing.

[0085] 3. The dual-parameter real-time evaluation system enables in-depth control over the processing quality.

[0086] The system in this embodiment is based on a comprehensive judgment of two parameters, effectively avoiding the potential risks of "poor microstructure and instability" that may result from prematurely terminating the process simply because the viscosity meets the standard. This demonstrates that the evaluation system of this invention can ensure the completeness of the processing quality from both macroscopic and microscopic levels, achieving in-depth optimization of the root causes of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil and improving the long-term stability of the processing effect.

[0087] 4. The high degree of system integration and automation has led to a significant improvement in efficiency.

[0088] From the injection of waxy crude oil samples, temperature pretreatment, and co-processing to real-time monitoring and intelligent control, the entire process is seamlessly integrated and automated. This transforms traditionally time-consuming, multi-stage manual experimental procedures into a highly efficient and continuous automated process, significantly reducing the total time of a single experiment, minimizing human error, and providing an efficient platform for rapidly screening and optimizing process parameters and for potential future industrial applications.

[0089] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields, characterized in that, The system includes: The stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13) has a processing cavity inside; The magnetic processing device includes at least one pair of magnets, each pair of magnets consisting of a fixed magnet (10) and a movable magnet (12), and each pair of magnets is arranged with opposite poles facing each other. The fixed magnet (10) is fixedly installed on the first outer side wall of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13), and an electric slide (15) is installed on the second outer side wall opposite to the first outer side wall. The movable magnet (12) is fixed on the sliding part of the electric slide (15). The movable magnet (12) is driven by the electric slide (15) to generate a changing magnetic field that passes through the waxy crude oil sample in the processing chamber. The ultrasonic processing device includes an ultrasonic generator (6) and an ultrasonic probe (5) connected in sequence. The ultrasonic probe (5) is installed on the top of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13) through a sealed structure. The detection end of the ultrasonic probe (5) is located in the processing cavity of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13) and is used to emit ultrasonic waves to waxy crude oil samples. An online viscometer (16) is installed at the outlet of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13); The wax crystal observation device includes a long working distance microscope (2) and a high-speed CMOS camera (3) connected to the optical output end of the long working distance microscope (2); the objective lens of the long working distance microscope (2) is aligned with the observation window on the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13) for optical magnification imaging of the wax crystal in the processing cavity. The central controller (4) is connected to the electric slide (15), the ultrasonic generator (6), the online viscometer (16) and the high-speed CMOS camera (3) respectively, and controls the adjustment of the magnetic pole spacing and ultrasonic processing, and synchronously acquires the real-time rheological parameters and real-time wax crystal morphology parameters of the waxy crude oil sample.

2. The system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a circulating water bath temperature control device (1) and a double-layer constant temperature water bath (11). The double-layer constant temperature water bath (11) is equipped with the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13). The circulating water bath temperature control device includes a constant temperature water bath (101), a circulating pump (102), a heater (103), a cooler (107), and at least one high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor (104). The outlet of the constant temperature water bath (101) is connected to the [other components] through an inlet pipe (105). The liquid inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath (11) is connected, and the liquid outlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath (11) is connected to the liquid inlet of the double-layer constant temperature water bath (101) through the liquid outlet pipe (106). The circulating pump (102) is installed on the liquid inlet pipe (105). The heater (103) and the cooler (107) are installed in the constant temperature water bath (101). The high-precision platinum resistance temperature sensor (104) is installed in the double-layer constant temperature water bath (11).

3. The system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic processing device further includes an electromagnet enhancement module (7), which is disposed on the second outer side wall of the processor (13). The electromagnet enhancement module (7) is disposed adjacent to the electric slide (15), and the electromagnet enhancement module (7) is signal connected to the central controller (4).

4. The system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an automatic telescopic rod oiling device (8), the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the stainless steel non-magnetic processor (13); the automatic telescopic rod oiling device (8) includes a telescopic rod (801) driven by a stepper motor and a syringe (802) fixed to the end of the telescopic rod (801).

5. The system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to claim 2, characterized in that, The double-layer constant temperature water bath (11) is wrapped with thermal insulation cotton (9).

6. The system for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil by ultrasonic magnetic field according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the fixed magnet (10) and the movable magnet (12) are N52 neodymium iron boron magnets.

7. A method for synergistic regulation of the rheological properties of waxy crude oil using ultrasonic magnetic fields, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: S1: Control the automatic telescopic rod oil injection device to inject waxy crude oil sample into the stainless steel non-magnetic processor; S2: Set the target temperature and control the circulating water bath temperature control device to heat the waxy crude oil sample to the preset temperature; S3: Control the ultrasonic generator to perform ultrasonic treatment on the waxy crude oil sample through the ultrasonic probe, and control the electric slide to adjust the position of the movable magnet to generate a magnetic field with the fixed magnet to perform magnetic treatment on the waxy crude oil sample. S4: Real-time acquisition of the rheological parameters of the waxy crude oil sample and real-time acquisition of the wax crystal morphology parameters of the waxy crude oil. S5. Compare the real-time rheological parameters with the preset target rheological parameters, and at the same time compare the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters with the preset target wax crystal morphology parameters. S6. Based on the comparison results, determine whether the processing effect meets the standard; wherein, the processing effect not meeting the standard means that: the real-time rheological parameters do not reach the target rheological parameters, or the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters do not reach the target wax crystal morphology parameters; or the comprehensive parameters obtained by weighted calculation of the real-time rheological parameters and the real-time wax crystal morphology parameters do not reach the target comprehensive parameters. S7. When the judgment result is not up to standard, automatically adjust the ultrasonic energy or magnetic field strength applied to the waxy crude oil sample, or adjust both ultrasonic energy and magnetic field strength simultaneously. S8. Repeat steps S3 to S7 until the processing effect is judged to meet the standard or the maximum number of cycles is reached.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: According to the method of claim 1, the rheological parameter includes at least one of apparent viscosity and yield stress, and the wax crystal morphology parameter includes at least one of wax crystal average equivalent diameter, aspect ratio, and aggregation degree.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The rheological parameters are collected by an online viscometer, the wax crystal morphology parameters are collected by a wax crystal observation device, and the target rheological parameters require an apparent viscosity reduction rate of not less than 30%, the target wax crystal morphology parameters require an average equivalent diameter of not more than 20 μm, and the target comprehensive parameters are not less than 50%.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The automatic adjustment specifically includes: adjusting the ultrasonic energy by adjusting the output power of the ultrasonic generator, and adjusting the magnetic field strength by adjusting the magnetic field strength adjustment parameters of the magnetic processing system.

Images