Self-sinking and floating type sediment multi-point sampling system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a self-sinking and floating type bottom mud multi-point sampling system and method, and belongs to the technical field of sea area sampling equipment. The sampling system comprises a control module, a buoyancy adjusting mechanism, a sampling mechanism and a movable valve. The sampling mechanism comprises a sampling bin shell and a plurality of sampling units. The sampling unit comprises a sampling pipe, a sampler and an extension drive. The bottom of the sampling pipe is provided with an opening and is in sealing cooperation with the movable valve. The sampler is movably arranged in the sampling pipe and is connected with the extension drive. The sampler comprises a water pump, a water suction assembly and a drill bit which are connected in sequence. The water pump is used for driving the water suction assembly to suck water samples. The drill bit is used for obtaining mud samples. A knocking assembly for knocking the drill bit to make the mud samples on the drill bit desorb is further arranged on the sampler. The application can realize synchronous collection of mud samples and water samples and multi-point sampling, improves the accuracy of data, and can realize automatic desorption of bottom mud, and simplifies the sample processing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of marine sampling equipment technology, and more specifically, to a self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling system and method for bottom sediment. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mobile ocean observation technologies are playing an increasingly important role in on-site observation and investigation of dynamic elements, acoustic elements, meteorology, geology, and marine life, becoming a mainstay in the development and utilization of the deep-sea areas that cover 90% of the total ocean area. Autonomous mobile ocean observation equipment mainly includes autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), underwater gliders, and Argo buoys. Each has distinct advantages and disadvantages. AUVs have a wide range and high efficiency, but their complex structure, high cost, and inability to meet the needs of large-scale, long-term observation are unacceptable. Gliders are low-cost and easy to operate, suitable for clustered, large-scale monitoring, but their data can only be transmitted after surfacing. Argo buoys have the ability to acquire large-scale, deep-sea data automatically, in real-time, and continuously over long periods, but their measurement range is limited to the vertical ocean profile and they lack submersible capabilities. For the detection of seabed sediment properties, the current mainstream method is the cone penetration test (CPT), which offers high accuracy and is a relatively mature technology. However, CPT measurements are costly, and the deployment and recovery requirements for the mother ship are quite demanding.

[0003] The related technology provides a deep-sea in-situ long-term experimental platform that uses a multi-stage release mechanism to coordinate gravity and buoyancy to complete the entire sediment sampling and recovery process. However, this experimental platform cannot achieve multi-point sampling, cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data, and some bottom sediments have high viscosity and easily adhere to the sampler, requiring additional stripping operations to achieve sample toxicity analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to provide a self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling system and method for bottom sediment, which solves the problems in the prior art such as the inability of deep-sea sampling equipment to achieve multi-point sampling, the difficulty in ensuring data accuracy, and the need for additional peeling operations due to the easy adhesion of bottom sediment to the sampler.

[0005] The first aspect of this application provides a self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system, comprising: Control module, buoyancy adjustment mechanism, sampling mechanism, and movable valve; The sampling mechanism includes a sampling chamber housing and multiple sampling units disposed within the sampling chamber housing; each sampling unit includes a sampling tube, a sampler, and a telescopic drive component; the sampling tube has an internal cavity, and the bottom of the sampling tube has an opening that is sealed to the movable valve, the movable valve being used to control the opening or closing of the bottom opening of the sampling tube; The sampler is movably disposed inside the sampling tube and connected to the telescopic drive, which drives the sampler to extend out of the sampling tube or retract into the sampling tube. The sampler includes a water pump, a water suction assembly, and a drill bit connected in sequence. The water pump drives the water suction assembly to draw water samples, and the drill bit is used to obtain mud samples. The sampler is also provided with a striking assembly, which is used to strike the drill bit to remove the mud samples attached to the drill bit. The control module is connected to the buoyancy adjustment mechanism, the sampling mechanism, and the movable valve respectively, and is used to control the operation of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism, the sampling mechanism, and the movable valve.

[0006] Optionally, the striking component is movably disposed between the water suction component and the drill bit, and the striking component includes a first state and a second state; in the first state, the water pump is working, and the striking component moves towards the end closer to the water suction component; in the second state, the water pump stops, and the striking component moves towards the end closer to the drill bit and strikes the drill bit.

[0007] Optionally, the striking component and the water-absorbing component are connected by an elastic element, which is compressed in the first state.

[0008] Optionally, the striking assembly includes a float plate, the water absorption assembly is connected to the drill bit via a connecting shaft, the float plate is movably sleeved on the connecting shaft and can move relative to the connecting shaft along its axial direction; one end of the elastic member is connected to the float plate and the other end is connected to the water absorption assembly.

[0009] Optionally, a guide structure is provided on the connecting shaft, the guide structure being used to restrict the direction of movement of the float.

[0010] Optionally, the drill bit includes a plurality of first plates, which are spaced apart around the axis of the drill bit.

[0011] Optionally, a plurality of impact balls are provided on the side of the float facing the drill bit, and the plurality of impact balls correspond to the positions of a plurality of the first plates.

[0012] Optionally, the outer contour dimension of the drill bit gradually decreases from the end near the water absorption component to the end away from the water absorption component, and the end of the drill bit away from the water absorption component is a pointed end.

[0013] Optionally, the water absorption assembly includes a water absorption housing, and a plurality of water intake ports are distributed along the circumference of the side wall of the water absorption housing. The middle part of the water absorption housing is connected to the water pump through a pipe.

[0014] Optionally, a filter screen is provided on the outer periphery of the water-absorbing housing, and the filter screen covers multiple water-absorbing ports.

[0015] Optionally, a substrate is installed inside the sampling chamber, and a plurality of sampling tubes are mounted on the substrate and evenly spaced around the axis of the substrate along the circumference of the substrate.

[0016] Optionally, the movable valve includes a rotary valve plate, which is coaxially arranged with the base plate. The rotary valve plate has multiple through holes, which are adapted to the bottom openings of multiple sampling tubes. The rotary valve plate is rotatably engaged with the bottom of the multiple sampling tubes.

[0017] Optionally, a rotary motor is provided on the substrate, and the output shaft of the rotary motor is connected to the rotary valve plate. The rotary motor is used to drive the rotary valve plate to rotate around its axis so that the positions of the plurality of through holes are aligned with or staggered from the bottom openings of the plurality of sampling tubes.

[0018] Optionally, the self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system further includes a hydraulic drive module; the buoyancy adjustment mechanism includes an oil bladder housing and an oil bladder disposed inside the oil bladder housing, the side wall of the oil bladder housing is provided with multiple water-permeable holes, and the oil bladder is connected to the hydraulic drive module; the control module is connected to the hydraulic drive module and is used to control the hydraulic drive module to pump or release oil from the oil bladder to adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system.

[0019] Optionally, the telescopic drive component includes a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod end of which is connected to the sampler; the hydraulic drive module is connected to the hydraulic cylinder and is used to drive the hydraulic cylinder to work.

[0020] A second aspect of this application provides a self-sinking and floating sediment multi-point sampling method, using the self-sinking and floating sediment multi-point sampling system described above, the method comprising: S1. Deploy the sampling system into the target water area and adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system to make it sink to the specified depth; S2. The active valve is opened, and multiple samplers extend simultaneously from multiple sampling tubes, with each sampler simultaneously acquiring mud and water samples. S3. Multiple samplers are simultaneously retracted into multiple sampling tubes, the movable valve is closed, and the striking component strikes the drill bit to desorb the mud sample. S4. Adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system float to the water surface.

[0021] Optionally, in step S2, the method for the sampler to simultaneously obtain mud and water samples includes: the drill bit enters the bottom mud to obtain mud samples, and at the same time, the water pump is started, the water suction component draws in ambient water to obtain water samples, and the tapping component moves towards the end closer to the water suction component; In step S3, the method of the striking component striking the drill bit to desorb the mud sample includes: turning off the water pump, the water suction component releasing water sample into the sampling tube, and at the same time, the striking component moving towards one end of the drill bit and striking the drill bit to desorb the mud sample.

[0022] Optionally, in step S1, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system sink includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to be less than the weight of the sampling system by means of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism; In step S4, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system float includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to be greater than the weight of the sampling system by means of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system described in this application includes a control module, a buoyancy adjustment mechanism, a sampling mechanism, and a movable valve. The buoyancy of the sampling system is adjusted by the buoyancy adjustment mechanism, enabling the system to submerge and surface in the sea to reach a designated depth for sampling and return to the surface after sampling. The sampling mechanism has multiple sampling units, allowing for simultaneous sampling at multiple points, ensuring sample independence, and improving data accuracy and representativeness. Each sampling unit includes a sampling tube, a sampler, and a telescopic drive. During sampling, the telescopic drive pushes the sampler out of the sampling tube, the drill bit enters the sediment to collect sediment samples, and a water pump drives the suction assembly to draw in ambient water to collect water samples, enabling simultaneous collection of sediment and water samples. Furthermore, the striking component on the sampler can knock off the sediment adhering to the drill bit after sampling and store it in the receiving cavity of the sampling tube, reducing sediment residue on the drill bit and eliminating the need for additional stripping operations, thus simplifying the sample processing procedure.

[0024] The self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling method for bottom sediment described in this application has the same advantages as the above-mentioned sampling system compared with the prior art, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-sinking and floating bottom sediment multi-point sampling system proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling mechanism in a self-sinking and floating bottom sediment multi-point sampling system proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sampler in a self-sinking and floating bottom sediment multi-point sampling system proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the water absorption component, drill bit, and impact component in a self-sinking and floating bottom sediment multi-point sampling system proposed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the self-sinking and floating bottom sediment multi-point sampling system proposed in an embodiment of this application when the active valve is open; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism in a self-sinking and floating bottom sediment multi-point sampling system proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Control module; 11. Temperature and depth sensor; 12. Satellite communication module; 2. Hydraulic drive module; 3. Buoyancy adjustment mechanism; 31. Oil bladder housing; 32. Water permeable hole; 33. Oil bladder; 34. Oil inlet pipe; 35. Oil outlet pipe; 4. Sampling mechanism; 41. Base plate; 42. Base; 421. Second hydraulic oil pipe; 43. Sampling pipe; 44. Telescopic drive component; 45. Sampler; 451. Water pump; 452. Water suction assembly; 4521. Water suction housing; 4522. Filter screen; 4523. Water suction port; 453. Drill bit; 4531. First plate; 5. Impact assembly; 51. Float plate; 52. Impact ball; 53. Buffer spring; 54. Connecting ring; 6. Movable valve; 61. Rotary valve plate; 611. Through hole; 62. Rotary motor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] One related technology provides a deep-sea in-situ long-term experimental platform that uses a multi-stage release mechanism to coordinate gravity and buoyancy to complete the entire sediment sampling and recovery process. This process only requires a small power unit to trigger sequentially to complete cannulation and sampling, eliminating the need for a high-power power source to provide the kinetic energy for vertical movement. This simplifies the structure of the deep-sea in-situ long-term experimental platform, reduces weight and cost, and increases reliability. However, this experimental platform cannot achieve multi-point sampling, cannot guarantee data accuracy, and some sediment has high viscosity and easily adheres to the sampler. Subsequently, it is necessary to manually scrape the mud off the sampler using tools such as scrapers to collect the sample before toxicity analysis can be performed.

[0030] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling system for bottom sediment.

[0031] See Figure 1 A self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system, comprising: Control module 1, buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3, sampling mechanism 4, and movable valve 6; The sampling mechanism 4 includes a sampling chamber housing and a plurality of sampling units disposed within the sampling chamber housing; the sampling unit includes a sampling tube 43, a sampler 45, and a telescopic drive 44; the sampling tube 43 has an internal cavity, and the bottom of the sampling tube 43 has an opening that is sealed to the movable valve 6, the movable valve 6 being used to control the opening or closing of the bottom opening of the sampling tube 43; The sampler 45 is movably disposed inside the sampling tube 43 and connected to the telescopic drive 44. The telescopic drive 44 is used to drive the sampler 45 to extend out of the sampling tube 43 or retract into the sampling tube 43. The sampler 45 includes a water pump 451, a water suction assembly 452, and a drill bit 453 connected in sequence. The water pump 451 is used to drive the water suction assembly 452 to draw water samples, and the drill bit 453 is used to obtain mud samples. The sampler 45 is also provided with a striking assembly 5, which is used to strike the drill bit 453 to remove the mud samples attached to the drill bit 453. The control module 1 is connected to the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3, the sampling mechanism 4, and the movable valve 6 respectively, and is used to control the operation of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3, the sampling mechanism 4, and the movable valve 6.

[0032] For details, see Figure 1The control module 1 is located at the top of the sampling system. The buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3, sampling mechanism 4, and movable valve 6 are sequentially connected below the control module 1. The control module 1 is connected to the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3, sampling mechanism 4, and movable valve 6 respectively, and is used to control the operation of these components. The buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3 can adjust the buoyancy of the system, thereby enabling the sampling system to autonomously descend and ascend in the water, reaching the designated depth for sampling and smoothly returning to the surface after sampling.

[0033] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 The sampling mechanism 4 includes a sampling chamber housing and multiple sampling units disposed within the sampling chamber housing. Each sampling unit has the same structure, including a sampling tube 43, a sampler 45, and a telescopic drive component 44. In this embodiment, the sampling tube 43 is a cylindrical tubular structure with an internal accommodating cavity. The bottom of the sampling tube 43 has an opening, which is sealed to the movable valve 6. By opening or closing the movable valve 6, the internal accommodating cavity of the sampling tube 43 can be opened or closed.

[0034] The sampler 45 is movably disposed inside the sampling tube 43. The telescopic drive 44 is connected to the sampler 45 and can drive the sampler 45 to move along the axial direction of the sampling tube 43 to achieve telescopic movement. When sampling is required, the telescopic drive 44 pushes the sampler 45 to extend from the bottom opening of the sampling tube 43. After sampling is completed, the telescopic drive 44 drives the sampler 45 to retract into the sampling tube 43.

[0035] The sampler 45 includes a water pump 451, a water suction assembly 452, and a drill bit 453 connected sequentially from top to bottom. During sampling, the drill bit 453 enters the bottom sediment under the pushing action of the telescopic drive 44 to obtain a mud sample, while the water suction assembly 452 draws in ambient water under the action of the water pump 451 to obtain a water sample, thus achieving simultaneous collection of water and mud. The sampler 45 is also equipped with a striking assembly 5. After sampling is completed, the sampler 45 is completely retracted into the sampling tube 43 and the movable valve 6 is closed. The striking assembly 5 strikes the drill bit 453 to generate vibration, thereby detaching the mud sample attached to the drill bit 453. The detached mud sample falls into the receiving cavity of the sampling tube 43 and is sealed for storage. After the device is retrieved ashore, the sample can be directly taken out for analysis and processing without the need for manual peeling using additional tools.

[0036] With the above settings, the sampling system can achieve autonomous floating and sinking in the deep sea. By using multiple sampling units to sample simultaneously, multi-point sampling can be achieved, improving the accuracy and reliability of the data. Water and mud samples can be collected simultaneously, and after sampling, the mud sample on the drill bit 453 can be desorbed by tapping the component 5, effectively reducing the residue of bottom mud on the drill bit 453. There is no need to manually peel off the mud sample on the drill bit 453 using scrapers or other tools, simplifying the sample processing procedure.

[0037] Optionally, the striking component 5 is movably disposed between the water suction component 452 and the drill bit 453. The striking component 5 includes a first state and a second state. In the first state, the water pump 451 is working, and the striking component 5 moves towards the end closer to the water suction component 452. In the second state, the water pump 451 is stopped, and the striking component 5 moves towards the end closer to the drill bit 453 and strikes the drill bit 453.

[0038] Specifically, the striking component 5 is movably positioned between the water suction component 452 and the drill bit 453, and can reciprocate between them. The striking component 5 includes a first state and a second state. In the first state, the water pump 451 operates, and the water suction component 452 draws in surrounding water under the action of the water pump 451. The resulting water flow and pressure changes push the striking component 5 towards the end closer to the water suction component 452, i.e., it floats upward. When sampling is completed and the second state is entered, the water pump 451 stops operating, the water suction component 452 releases water sample into the sampling tube 43, and the striking component 5 falls downward under the action of gravity, striking the drill bit 453, causing the drill bit 453 to vibrate. This vibration causes the mud sample attached to the drill bit 453 to fall off.

[0039] Optionally, the striking component 5 and the water-absorbing component 452 are connected by an elastic element, which is compressed in the first state.

[0040] Preferably, in this embodiment, the striking component 5 and the water-absorbing component 452 are connected by an elastic element. During sampling, the water pump 451 operates, and the striking component 5 floats to one end of the water-absorbing component 452, where it is in its first state. At this time, the elastic element is compressed, storing a certain amount of elastic potential energy. After sampling, when the water pump 451 stops operating, the striking component 5 falls back, and the elastic element releases its elastic potential energy, providing additional power for the striking component 5 to move closer to the drill bit 453, allowing it to strike the drill bit 453 more forcefully. By incorporating the elastic element, the effect of the striking component 5 striking the drill bit 453 is enhanced, more effectively detaching the mud sample adhering to the drill bit 453. Furthermore, the presence of the elastic element also provides a certain buffering effect, making the movement of the striking component 5 more stable and controllable, avoiding excessive impact on the drill bit 453 during striking, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0041] In addition, since the elastic element connects the striking component 5 and the water absorption component 452, the elastic element can also guide the movement of the striking component 5 during the reciprocating movement of the striking component 5, ensuring that the striking component 5 moves along the predetermined trajectory and accurately strikes the drill bit 453, thus ensuring the reliability and stability of mud sample desorption.

[0042] Optionally, the striking component 5 includes a float 51, the water absorption component 452 is connected to the drill bit 453 via a connecting shaft, the float 51 is movably sleeved on the connecting shaft and can move relative to the connecting shaft along its axial direction; one end of the elastic member is connected to the float 51 and the other end is connected to the water absorption component 452.

[0043] See Figure 3 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the striking component 5 includes a float 51. The water absorption component 452 and the drill bit 453 are fixedly connected by a connecting shaft. The float 51 has a central opening and is fitted onto the connecting shaft, allowing it to move axially relative to the connecting shaft. In this embodiment, the elastic element is a buffer spring 53, which is fitted onto the connecting shaft. One end of the buffer spring 53 is fixedly connected to the float 51, and the other end is fixedly connected to the water absorption component 452.

[0044] Optionally, a guide structure is provided on the connecting shaft, which is used to restrict the direction of movement of the float 51.

[0045] To further ensure that the float 51 moves back and forth along a predetermined trajectory, a guide structure is also provided on the connecting shaft. As an optional embodiment, in this example, a guide groove is provided on the connecting shaft, extending axially along the connecting shaft. A connecting ring 54 is fitted onto the connecting shaft, and a protrusion adapted to the guide groove is provided on the inner side of the connecting ring 54. The protrusion engages within the guide groove and can slide along the extension direction of the guide groove. The float 51 is fixed to the connecting ring 54 and can move back and forth along the axial direction of the connecting shaft together with the connecting ring 54. By providing the guide groove, connecting ring 54, and protrusion, the direction of movement of the float 51 can be restricted, ensuring that the float 51 can only move axially along the connecting shaft and cannot rotate circumferentially around the connecting shaft. This prevents the float 51 from shifting or wobbling during movement, ensuring the stability and reliability of the striking action, and thus ensuring the effective desorption of the mud sample.

[0046] Optionally, the outer contour dimension of the drill bit 453 gradually decreases from the end near the water absorption component 452 to the end away from the water absorption component 452, and the end of the drill bit 453 away from the water absorption component 452 is a pointed end.

[0047] Specifically, in this embodiment, the drill bit 453 adopts a pointed structure. The outer contour size of the drill bit 453 gradually decreases from the end near the water absorption component 452 to the end away from the water absorption component 452. The bottom end of the drill bit 453 is a pointed tip, which reduces resistance when entering the bottom mud, making it easier for the drill bit 453 to smoothly insert into the bottom mud to obtain mud samples, and avoiding excessive resistance that could damage the drill bit 453.

[0048] Optionally, the drill bit 453 includes a plurality of first plates 4531, which are spaced apart around the axis of the drill bit 453.

[0049] See Figure 4 In this embodiment, the drill bit 453 includes a plurality of first plates 4531, which are spaced apart around the axis of the drill bit 453. By providing a plurality of first plates 4531, the contact area between the drill bit 453 and the bottom mud during sampling can be increased, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of mud sample collection. The shape of the first plates 4531 can be set as a triangle or trapezoid with inclined sides, etc., to facilitate drilling into the bottom mud for sampling.

[0050] Optionally, a plurality of impact balls 52 are provided on the side of the float 51 facing the drill bit 453, and the plurality of impact balls 52 correspond to the positions of the plurality of first plates 4531.

[0051] To further enhance the striking effect, multiple impact balls 52 are provided on the bottom surface of the float 51, which faces the drill bit 453. These impact balls 52 are arranged in a circular array around the axis of the float 51, with their positions corresponding to the positions of the first plate 4531. Each first plate 4531 can correspond to one or more impact balls 52. As an optional implementation, this embodiment provides two concentric rings of impact balls 52, such as... Figure 4 As shown, each first plate 4531 corresponds to two impact balls 52. When the striking assembly 5 falls back to strike the drill bit 453, the impact balls 52 can accurately strike the first plate 4531, increasing the impact force on the drill bit 453 and making it easier for the mud sample on the drill bit 453 to detach. As an example, the impact balls 52 can be made of a material with high hardness and a certain degree of elasticity, such as a rubber-coated metal ball, which can ensure sufficient impact force while reducing damage to the drill bit 453.

[0052] Optionally, the water absorption assembly 452 includes a water absorption housing 4521, and a plurality of water intake ports 4523 are distributed along the circumference of the side wall of the water absorption housing 4521. The middle part of the water absorption housing 4521 is connected to the water pump 451 through a pipe.

[0053] In this embodiment, the water absorption assembly 452 includes a cylindrical water absorption shell 4521. Multiple water intake ports 4523 are provided on the side wall of the water absorption shell 4521, and these ports are evenly spaced along the circumference of the shell. The center of the water absorption shell 4521 is connected to the inlet of the water pump 451 via a pipe. In this way, when the water pump 451 is operating, water surrounding the water absorption assembly 452 can simultaneously enter the water absorption shell 4521 through the multiple water intake ports 4523, and then be drawn into the water pump 451 through the pipe, improving the efficiency of water sample collection. Furthermore, the even distribution of the multiple water intake ports 4523 allows the water absorption assembly 452 to obtain more comprehensive information about the surrounding water environment when collecting water samples, ensuring the representativeness and accuracy of the water samples.

[0054] Optionally, a filter screen 4522 is provided on the outer periphery of the water-absorbing housing 4521, and the filter screen 4522 covers a plurality of the water-absorbing ports 4523.

[0055] Furthermore, a filter screen 4522 is provided around the outer periphery of the water absorption housing 4521. The filter screen 4522 covers multiple water intake ports 4523, which can filter the water intake to prevent large objects in the water from being sucked in and causing blockage.

[0056] Optionally, a substrate 41 is installed inside the sampling chamber, and a plurality of sampling tubes 43 are mounted on the substrate 41 and are evenly spaced around the axis of the substrate 41 along the circumference of the substrate 41.

[0057] To facilitate the installation of the sampling tube 43, a base plate 41 is installed inside the sampling chamber, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the substrate 41 is a circular plate structure with multiple mounting holes arranged in a ring array around the axis of the substrate 41. The number of mounting holes is the same as the number of sampling tubes 43. The sampling tubes 43 pass through the mounting holes and are fixedly mounted on the substrate 41. The multiple sampling tubes 43 are evenly spaced along the circumference of the substrate 41. This layout allows the multiple sampling tubes 43 to be rationally distributed within the sampling chamber, ensuring appropriate spacing between sampling points during multi-point sampling, avoiding mutual interference, and thus more accurately obtaining sediment and water samples from different locations. Furthermore, the ring-shaped distribution design makes the entire sampling system more compact and stable, which is beneficial for normal operation in complex underwater environments. In practical applications, the number of sampling tubes 43 can be reasonably set according to sampling needs.

[0058] Optionally, the movable valve 6 includes a rotary valve plate 61, which is coaxially arranged with the base plate 41. The rotary valve plate 61 has a plurality of through holes 611, which are adapted to the bottom openings of the plurality of sampling tubes 43. The rotary valve plate 61 and the bottom of the plurality of sampling tubes 43 are rotatably engaged.

[0059] See Figure 2 In this embodiment, the movable valve 6 includes a disc-shaped rotary valve plate 61, which is coaxially arranged with the base plate 41. The rotary valve plate 61 has multiple through holes 611, which are evenly spaced along its circumference. The number and size of the through holes 611 are adapted to the bottom openings of the multiple sampling tubes 43, allowing the rotary valve plate 61 to rotate in conjunction with the bottoms of the sampling tubes 43. By rotating the rotary valve plate 61, the through holes 611 can be aligned with or offset from the bottom openings of the sampling tubes 43, thereby opening or closing the bottoms of the sampling tubes 43.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, when the rotary valve plate 61 rotates to align the multiple through holes 611 with the bottom openings of the multiple sampling tubes 43, the bottom openings of the sampling tubes 43 are exposed, facilitating the sampler 45 to extend from the sampling tubes 43 for sampling. When the rotary valve plate 61 rotates to the position where the multiple through holes 611 are misaligned with the bottom openings of the multiple sampling tubes 43, the bottom openings of the sampling tubes 43 are closed, ensuring that the collected mud and water samples can be sealed within the accommodating cavity of the sampling tubes 43, preventing sample leakage.

[0061] Optionally, a rotary motor 62 is provided on the substrate 41, and the output shaft of the rotary motor 62 is connected to the rotary valve plate 61. The rotary motor 62 is used to drive the rotary valve plate 61 to rotate around its axis so that the positions of the plurality of through holes 611 are aligned or staggered with the bottom openings of the plurality of sampling tubes 43.

[0062] Specifically, the rotary motor 62 is used to provide power for the rotation of the rotary valve plate 61. The rotary motor 62 is connected to the control module 1. The control module 1 realizes the rotation of the rotary valve plate 61 by precisely controlling the rotation angle and direction of the rotary motor 62, thereby accurately controlling the opening and closing of the bottom opening of the sampling tube 43.

[0063] In practical applications, the opening and closing of the movable valve 6 can also be controlled remotely. The operator can send commands to the control module 1 from the water surface using a wireless communication device. Upon receiving the commands, the control module 1 controls the rotary motor 62 to operate, thereby achieving remote control of the rotary valve plate 61. The opening duration of the movable valve 6 should meet the sampling time requirements. This can be achieved through pre-experimentation to obtain the underwater sampling operation time of the sampling system, and this preset duration can be set as the time interval between the start and stop of the remotely controlled movable valve 6, thus meeting the sampling time control requirements. In other embodiments, the sampling completion signal can also be obtained through devices such as weight sensors or pressure sensors. After receiving the corresponding signal, the control module 1 controls the rotary motor 62 to rotate, closing the movable valve 6.

[0064] Optionally, the self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system further includes a hydraulic drive module 2; the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3 includes an oil bladder housing 31 and an oil bladder 33 disposed inside the oil bladder housing 31, the side wall of the oil bladder housing 31 is provided with a plurality of water-permeable holes 32, and the oil bladder 33 is connected to the hydraulic drive module 2; the control module 1 is connected to the hydraulic drive module 2 and is used to control the hydraulic drive module 2 to draw or release oil from the oil bladder 33 to adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system.

[0065] For details, see Figure 6 Multiple water-permeable holes 32 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the oil bladder housing 31. The oil bladder 33 is located inside the oil bladder housing 31. The oil bladder 33 is connected to the hydraulic drive module 2 through the oil inlet pipe 34 and the oil outlet pipe 35 respectively. Under the command of the control module 1, the hydraulic drive module 2 injects oil into the oil bladder 33 through the oil inlet pipe 34 or extracts oil from the oil bladder 33 through the oil outlet pipe 35.

[0066] Specifically, when the hydraulic drive module 2 injects oil into the oil bladder 33, the volume of the oil bladder 33 increases, and the volume of water displaced increases. According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyancy of the system increases. Conversely, when the hydraulic drive module 2 extracts oil from the oil bladder 33, the volume of the oil bladder 33 decreases, and the volume of water displaced decreases, thus reducing the buoyancy of the system. When the buoyancy of the sampling system is greater than its weight, the sampling system will float; when the buoyancy is less than its weight, the sampling system will submerge; and when the buoyancy equals its weight, the sampling system will float in the water.

[0067] Therefore, by precisely controlling the hydraulic drive module 2 to pump or release oil from the oil bladder 33 through the control module 1, the buoyancy of the system can be flexibly adjusted, thereby enabling the sampling system to sink and float autonomously in the water, allowing it to accurately reach the specified depth to collect bottom sediment and water samples, and to float to the surface after collection.

[0068] Optionally, the telescopic drive component 44 includes a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod end of which is connected to the sampler 45; the hydraulic drive module 2 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder and is used to drive the hydraulic cylinder to work.

[0069] As an optional implementation, in this embodiment, the telescopic drive component 44 is a hydraulic cylinder, which is connected to the hydraulic drive module 2. The hydraulic drive module 2 provides hydraulic power to the hydraulic cylinder, driving the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder to extend and retract. When sampling is required, the hydraulic drive module 2 inputs pressurized oil into the hydraulic cylinder, pushing the piston rod to extend, thereby causing the sampler 45 to extend from the bottom opening of the sampling tube 43 and insert into the bottom mud for sampling. After sampling is completed, the hydraulic drive module 2 changes the oil flow direction, causing the piston rod to retract, and driving the sampler 45 back into the sampling tube 43.

[0070] For ease of arrangement, in this embodiment, a hollow cylindrical base 42 is provided in the center of the substrate 41. The base 42 is connected to the hydraulic drive module 2 via a first hydraulic oil pipe. The hydraulic cylinders in the multiple sampling units are respectively connected to the base 42 via second hydraulic oil pipes 421. When the hydraulic cylinders are working, the hydraulic drive module 2 supplies hydraulic oil to the base 42, and the base 42 then further supplies the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic cylinders, thereby achieving unified drive and control of multiple hydraulic cylinders, improving the system's integration and reliability. At the same time, this connection method allows for easier adjustment of the hydraulic oil flow direction and pressure, ensuring that the hydraulic cylinders of each sampling unit can work synchronously and stably. Furthermore, placing the base 42 in the center of the substrate 41 makes the layout of the entire hydraulic system more reasonable, reduces the length and complexity of the hydraulic oil pipes, lowers the risk of hydraulic oil leakage, and improves the system's stability and service life.

[0071] Optionally, the control module 1 is installed in the control chamber housing, a temperature depth sensor 11 is installed on the top of the control chamber housing, a satellite communication module 12 is installed on the side of the temperature depth sensor 11, and a solar panel is installed between the temperature depth sensor 11 and the satellite communication module 12.

[0072] The temperature and depth sensor 11 can monitor the water temperature, depth and other information at the location of the sampling system in real time, and transmit this data to the control module 1. The control module 1 can control the hydraulic drive system and the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3 to work based on this information, so that the sampling system floats or sinks and finally reaches the target sampling location.

[0073] The satellite communication module 12 can send information such as location coordinates, water depth, and temperature to the satellite data ground receiving station when the sampling system surfaces, transmitting it in real time to the remote control center. This facilitates remote monitoring and management of the sampling system's operation by operators. Simultaneously, operators can also send commands to the control module 1 via the satellite communication module 12 to control the sampling system's actions, such as adjusting buoyancy, opening and closing the movable valve 6, controlling the extension and retraction of the sampler 45, and starting and stopping the water pump 451.

[0074] The solar panels provide energy support for the entire system, converting solar energy into electrical energy to power various electrical components such as the temperature and depth sensor 11, satellite communication module 12, control module 1, hydraulic drive module 2, water pump 451, and rotary motor 62, ensuring that the system can work continuously and stably in the underwater environment.

[0075] In this embodiment, how to use the hydraulic drive module 2 to drive the oil bladder buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3 and the hydraulic cylinder, and how to use the control module 1 to control the operation of each component of the sampling system are technologies known to those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0076] The sampling process using the sampling system provided in this embodiment is as follows: The sampling system is deployed into the water. Control module 1 moves the system according to preset coordinate data or coordinates set by the ground station. Once the system reaches the set coordinate position, control module 1, based on feedback from temperature and depth sensor 11, further controls hydraulic drive module 2. Hydraulic drive module 2 then controls the oil bladder buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3. When sinking is required, hydraulic drive module 2 removes oil from the oil bladder 33, reducing the overall buoyancy of the sampling system and causing it to descend. Simultaneously, temperature and depth sensor 11 monitors surrounding data in real time. After reaching the designated depth, hydraulic drive module 2 precisely adjusts the buoyancy of the oil bladder 33 by pumping oil in and out, ensuring the buoyancy of the sampling system equals its weight, guaranteeing the entire sampling system remains stably suspended at the preset depth for sampling.

[0077] During sampling, the control module 1 controls the opening of the active valve 6, and multiple sampling units work simultaneously. The telescopic drive 44 pushes the sampler 45 out of the bottom opening of the sampling tube 43. The drill bit 453 is pushed into the soil surface to be sampled, so that the mud sample adheres to the drill bit 453. At the same time, the water pump 451 starts to work, and the water suction component 452 draws in the ambient water under the action of the water pump 451 to obtain a water sample. As the water flow is drawn into the water suction component 452, the float 51 floats to the bottom of the water suction component 452 under the action of water flow and pressure, and compresses the elastic element.

[0078] After the sampling action is completed, the telescopic drive 44 drives the entire sampler 45 to retract, and the mud sample attached to the drill bit 453 is brought back into the sampling tube 43 along with the drill bit 453. When the control module 1 controls the active valve 6 to close, the bottom opening of the sampling tube 43 is sealed. At this time, the water pump 451 stops working, and the water suction component 452 releases the absorbed water sample into the receiving cavity of the sampling tube 43 to achieve sealed storage of the water sample. At the same time, the float 51 falls downward under the action of gravity and elastic element, driving the impact ball 52 to strike the drill bit 453, causing the drill bit 453 to vibrate, thereby shaking off the mud sample attached to the drill bit 453. The desorbed mud sample is deposited at the bottom of the receiving cavity of the sampling tube 43 to achieve sealed storage of the mud sample. Since the sampling tube 43 contains a water sample, the water sample can be repeatedly sucked and released by the water pump 451 through multiple rapid starts and stops. This causes the float 51 to repeatedly rise and fall between the water suction component 452 and the drill bit 453, thereby achieving high-frequency vibration of the drill bit 453 and improving the desorption rate of the bottom mud.

[0079] After sampling is completed, when the sampling system needs to float, the hydraulic drive module 2 injects oil into the oil bladder 33 to increase the overall buoyancy of the sampling system and cause it to rise back to the water surface.

[0080] The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system provided in this embodiment enables simultaneous collection of water and sediment samples through optimized sampler structure. Multiple sampling units at multiple points avoid cross-contamination, ensuring sample independence and data accuracy. The inclusion of a tapping component allows for automatic desorption of sediment from the drill bit, reducing sediment residue to below 5%. After retrieval, the system eliminates the need for manual stripping, simplifying sample processing. This sampling system can automatically collect seabed sediments at multiple points over a wide marine area. The entire sampling process is vessel-free, saving manpower and resources. Furthermore, its modular design allows for the addition of different functional compartments, expanding observation capabilities.

[0081] This application embodiment also provides a self-sinking and floating sediment multi-point sampling method, using the self-sinking and floating sediment multi-point sampling system described above, the method comprising: S1. Deploy the sampling system into the target water area and adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system to make it sink to the specified depth; S2. The active valve 6 is opened, and multiple samplers 45 extend from multiple sampling tubes 43 at the same time, and the samplers 45 simultaneously acquire mud samples and water samples; S3. The multiple samplers 45 are simultaneously retracted into the multiple sampling tubes 43, the movable valve 6 is closed, and the striking component 5 strikes the drill bit 453 to desorb the mud sample. S4. Adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system float to the water surface.

[0082] Optionally, in step S2, the method for the sampler 45 to simultaneously obtain mud and water samples includes: the drill bit 453 enters the bottom mud to obtain mud samples, and at the same time, the water pump 451 is started, the water suction component 452 draws in ambient water to obtain water samples, and the striking component 5 moves towards the end closer to the water suction component 452. In step S3, the method of the striking component 5 striking the drill bit 453 to desorb the mud sample includes: turning off the water pump 451, the water suction component 452 releasing water sample to the sampling tube 43, and at the same time, the striking component 5 moving towards one end of the drill bit 453 and striking the drill bit 453 to desorb the mud sample.

[0083] Optionally, in step S1, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system sink includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to be less than the weight of the sampling system by means of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3; In step S4, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system float includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to be greater than the weight of the sampling system by means of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism 3.

[0084] The self-sinking and floating sediment multi-point sampling method described in this application has the same advantages as the above-mentioned sampling system compared with the prior art, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0086] It should also be noted that, in this document, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Moreover, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the phrase "includes a..." does not preclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the element.

[0087] The technical solutions provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand this application, and the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, for those skilled in the art, there will be different forms of changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on this application. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all implementation methods here, and obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling system for bottom sediment, characterized in that, include: Control module, buoyancy adjustment mechanism, sampling mechanism, and movable valve; The sampling mechanism includes a sampling chamber shell and multiple sampling units disposed within the sampling chamber shell; The sampling unit includes a sampling tube, a sampler, and a telescopic drive component; The sampling tube has an internal cavity, and the bottom of the sampling tube has an opening that is sealed to the movable valve. The movable valve is used to control the opening or closing of the bottom opening of the sampling tube. The sampler is movably disposed inside the sampling tube and connected to the telescopic drive, which drives the sampler to extend out of the sampling tube or retract into the sampling tube. The sampler includes a water pump, a water suction assembly, and a drill bit connected in sequence. The water pump drives the water suction assembly to draw water samples, and the drill bit is used to obtain mud samples. The sampler is also provided with a striking assembly, which is used to strike the drill bit to remove the mud samples attached to the drill bit. The striking component is movably disposed between the water suction component and the drill bit. The striking component includes a first state and a second state. In the first state, the water pump is working, and the striking component moves towards the end closer to the water suction component. In the second state, the water pump stops, and the striking component moves towards the end closer to the drill bit and strikes the drill bit. The striking component and the water-absorbing component are connected by an elastic element. In the first state, the elastic element is compressed. The striking component includes a float plate. The water-absorbing component and the drill bit are connected by a connecting shaft. The float plate is movably sleeved on the connecting shaft and can move relative to the connecting shaft along its axial direction. One end of the elastic element is connected to the float plate, and the other end is connected to the water-absorbing component. The control module is connected to the buoyancy adjustment mechanism, the sampling mechanism, and the movable valve respectively, and is used to control the operation of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism, the sampling mechanism, and the movable valve.

2. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting shaft is provided with a guide structure, which is used to restrict the movement direction of the float.

3. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill bit includes a plurality of first plates, which are spaced apart around the axis of the drill bit.

4. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The floating plate has multiple impact balls on one side facing the drill bit, and the multiple impact balls correspond to the positions of multiple first plates.

5. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer contour dimension of the drill bit gradually decreases from the end closer to the water-absorbing component to the end farther away from the water-absorbing component, and the end of the drill bit farther away from the water-absorbing component is the tip.

6. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water absorption assembly includes a water absorption shell, and multiple water intake ports are distributed circumferentially on the side wall of the water absorption shell. The middle part of the water absorption shell is connected to the water pump through a pipe.

7. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 6, characterized in that: A filter screen is provided on the outer periphery of the water-absorbing shell, and the filter screen covers multiple water-absorbing ports.

8. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A base plate is installed inside the sampling chamber, and multiple sampling tubes are mounted on the base plate and are evenly spaced around the axis of the base plate along the circumference of the base plate.

9. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The movable valve includes a rotary valve plate, which is coaxially arranged with the base plate. The rotary valve plate has multiple through holes, which are adapted to the bottom openings of multiple sampling tubes. The rotary valve plate and the bottom of the multiple sampling tubes are rotatably engaged.

10. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 9, characterized in that: A rotary motor is provided on the substrate, and the output shaft of the rotary motor is connected to the rotary valve plate. The rotary motor is used to drive the rotary valve plate to rotate around its axis so that the positions of the plurality of through holes are aligned with or staggered from the bottom openings of the plurality of sampling tubes.

11. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a hydraulic drive module; The buoyancy adjustment mechanism includes an oil bladder housing and an oil bladder disposed inside the oil bladder housing. The side wall of the oil bladder housing is provided with multiple water-permeable holes. The oil bladder is connected to the hydraulic drive module. The control module is connected to the hydraulic drive module and is used to control the hydraulic drive module to draw or release oil from the oil bladder to adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system.

12. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sediment sampling system according to claim 11, characterized in that: The telescopic drive component includes a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod end of which is connected to the sampler; the hydraulic drive module is connected to the hydraulic cylinder and is used to drive the hydraulic cylinder to work.

13. A method for multi-point sampling of self-sinking and floating bottom sediment, characterized in that, Using the self-sinking and floating sediment multi-point sampling system as described in any one of claims 1-12, the method comprises: S1. Deploy the sampling system into the target water area and adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system to make it sink to the specified depth; S2. The active valve is opened, and multiple samplers extend simultaneously from multiple sampling tubes, with each sampler simultaneously acquiring mud and water samples. S3. Multiple samplers are simultaneously retracted into multiple sampling tubes, the movable valve is closed, and the striking component strikes the drill bit to desorb the mud sample. S4. Adjust the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system float to the water surface.

14. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling method for bottom sediment according to claim 13, characterized in that: In step S2, the method for the sampler to simultaneously acquire mud and water samples includes: The drill bit enters the bottom mud to obtain a mud sample. At the same time, the water pump is started, and the water suction component draws in ambient water to obtain a water sample. The striking component moves towards the end closer to the water suction component. In step S3, the method by which the striking component strikes the drill bit to desorb the mud sample includes: When the water pump is turned off, the water suction assembly releases water sample into the sampling tube. At the same time, the striking assembly moves toward one end of the drill bit and strikes the drill bit to desorb the mud sample.

15. The self-sinking and floating multi-point sampling method for bottom sediment according to claim 13, characterized in that: In step S1, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system sink includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to be less than the weight of the sampling system by means of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism; In step S4, the method of adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to make the sampling system float includes: adjusting the buoyancy of the sampling system to be greater than the weight of the sampling system by means of the buoyancy adjustment mechanism.

Images