Plant circulating irrigation device capable of achieving self-adaptive adjustment according to environment

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of plant irrigation, and provides a plant circulation irrigation device capable of self-adaptively adjusting according to the environment, the plant circulation irrigation device comprises a desilting tank, the desilting tank is sequentially communicated with a water storage tank and a biological carbon column, the desilting tank is connected with a water inlet assembly, and the water inlet assembly is used for introducing collected sewage into the desilting tank; and the water inlet assembly can adjust the water inlet angle, so that water flow impacts the inner wall of the desilting tank or the spiral flow guide strip to assist in forming initial rotational flow, the water inlet assembly is communicated with a plastic pipe, and a water inlet valve is arranged on the plastic pipe. According to the scheme, through multi-dimensional data acquisition and model fusion, the environmental evaporation demand, the actual water demand of the plant and the operation efficiency parameters of the device are brought into the irrigation decision at the same time, and the problems of low irrigation efficiency and high energy consumption in the prior art are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of plant irrigation technology, and in particular relates to a plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment. Background Technology

[0002] Plant irrigation is a crucial aspect of modern agriculture, landscaping, and ecological restoration. Especially given the increasing scarcity of water resources, developing efficient and water-saving irrigation technologies is of great significance. Traditional irrigation methods often employ timed and quantitative control or rely on single soil moisture sensors. While these methods achieve a degree of automation, they still have significant shortcomings:

[0003] On the one hand, existing irrigation systems often rely solely on soil moisture as a single parameter for decision-making, ignoring the dynamic impact of environmental factors on plant transpiration and evaporation. Under conditions of high temperature, dryness, or strong winds, the actual water requirement of plants corresponding to the same soil moisture may increase significantly, and traditional systems cannot respond to this change, easily leading to insufficient water supply; conversely, in low temperature and high humidity environments, over-irrigation may occur, resulting in water waste.

[0004] On the other hand, most irrigation systems lack real-time monitoring and optimization mechanisms for their own operation. Existing technologies often operate with fixed parameters, making it impossible to adjust irrigation strategies based on the actual processing capacity of the system. This may result in the system continuing to operate at its original power when water quality is poor and the purification burden is heavy, leading to incomplete purification or even pipe blockage; while when water quality is good and the system load is low, it may still operate at high energy consumption, resulting in low energy efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent circulating irrigation device that can comprehensively sense environmental conditions, plant water requirements, and the device's own operating efficiency, and can make adaptive dynamic adjustments accordingly, in order to achieve precision irrigation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a plant recirculating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment, in order to solve the problem that existing devices lack monitoring and optimization of their own operating status, which may lead to incomplete purification and blockage of the irrigation system, or high energy consumption even when the water quality is good, resulting in low energy efficiency.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: a plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment includes a sedimentation tank, which is connected in sequence to a water storage tank and a biochar column. The sedimentation tank is connected to a water inlet component, which is used to introduce collected sewage into the sedimentation tank. The water inlet component can adjust the water inlet angle so that the water flow impacts the inner wall of the sedimentation tank or the spiral guide strip to assist in the formation of an initial vortex. The water inlet component is connected to a plastic pipe, and a water inlet valve is provided on the plastic pipe.

[0008] The bottom of the sedimentation tank is conical, and guide ribs are evenly spaced along the inner wall of the bottom. An anti-vortex baffle is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the sedimentation tank. A sludge collection chamber is connected to the bottom of the sedimentation tank. An overflow component is located at the center of the sedimentation tank and is connected to a water storage tank. A spiral guide strip with a gradually varying pitch is connected to the inner wall of the sedimentation tank. A water pump is installed between the water storage tank and the biochar column. A guide component is installed on the biochar column. The guide component can adjust the effective purification height of the biochar column by adjusting the water outlet height. The guide component is connected to several spray pipes through a flexible hose, and all spray pipes are distributed in the roof planting area.

[0009] It also includes an irrigation efficiency optimization system, which can adjust the operating power of the water pump based on the comprehensive water requirements of plants, the water requirements of the environment, and the operating status of the device itself.

[0010] In a further technical solution, the water inlet assembly includes a connecting groove, a motor A, and a water inlet pipe;

[0011] The settling tank is connected to a connecting groove, and a motor A is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting groove. The output shaft of the motor A is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe. An air bladder is provided in the connecting groove to seal the connecting groove. The water inlet pipe is connected to a plastic pipe.

[0012] In a further technical solution, the overflow assembly includes a rotating sleeve, an overflow pipe, and a conical filter sleeve;

[0013] A rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to the sedimentation tank, and an overflow pipe is threadedly connected to the rotating sleeve. The overflow pipe slides vertically and penetrates the sedimentation tank. A conical filter sleeve is connected to the bottom of the overflow pipe. A motor B is fixedly connected to the end cap of the sedimentation tank. The output shaft of the motor B meshes with the rotating sleeve for transmission. A connecting pipe is connected to the overflow pipe, and one end of the connecting pipe is vertically slidably and sealed in the water storage tank.

[0014] In a further technical solution, the flow guiding assembly includes a sleeve, an electric telescopic rod, and a water outlet pipe;

[0015] The biochar column has vertical strip-shaped holes on its sidewalls. The sleeve is vertically slidably connected to the outside of the strip-shaped holes. An electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the biochar column. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve is connected to a water outlet pipe, which can communicate with a local area of ​​the strip-shaped holes.

[0016] Further technical solutions, such as irrigation efficiency optimization systems, include:

[0017] Environmental water demand assessment module: Constructs an environmental water demand assessment model based on ambient light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity, and outputs the environmental water demand index;

[0018] Plant water requirement assessment module: Based on soil moisture content and soil surface temperature, a plant water requirement assessment model is constructed, and the plant water shortage index is output;

[0019] The device operation efficiency evaluation module constructs a device operation efficiency evaluation model based on the inclination angle of the inlet pipe, the open area of ​​the inlet valve, the top height of the overflow pipe, the empty tower flow velocity of water flowing through the biochar column, and the effective purification height of the biochar column, and outputs the device operation efficiency coefficient.

[0020] Irrigation Decision Module: Based on the environmental water demand index, an irrigation decision model is constructed according to the plant water shortage index and the device operation efficiency coefficient, and the irrigation adjustment coefficient is output.

[0021] Irrigation efficiency adjustment module: Based on the initial set power of the water pump and the irrigation adjustment coefficient, an irrigation efficiency adjustment model is constructed, and the target power of the water pump is output. The irrigation efficiency adjustment module is electrically connected to the PLC controller and the water pump in sequence.

[0022] A further technical solution involves substituting ambient light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization, and then calculating the light intensity index, air humidity index, and air velocity index respectively.

[0023] The environmental water demand assessment model is as follows:

[0024] ;

[0025] in The light intensity influence coefficient is... The coefficient representing the influence of air humidity. The air velocity influence coefficient. ,and , as well as All greater than , Light intensity index, The air humidity index. This refers to the air velocity index. This refers to the environmental water demand index.

[0026] A further technical solution involves substituting soil moisture content and soil surface temperature into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization, and then calculating the soil moisture content index and soil temperature index respectively.

[0027] The plant water requirement assessment model is as follows:

[0028] ;

[0029] in Temperature is a factor that affects the environment. Greater than , Soil temperature index, Soil moisture content index This is the plant water shortage index.

[0030] Further technical solutions involve substituting the inclination angle of the inlet pipe, the open area of ​​the inlet valve, the top height of the overflow pipe, the empty tower flow velocity of the water flowing through the biocarbon column, and the effective purification height of the biocarbon column into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization, and calculating the inlet angle index, overflow height index, flow area index, empty tower flow velocity index, and purification height index respectively.

[0031] The equipment operation performance evaluation model is as follows:

[0032] ;

[0033] in For system calibration coefficients, Greater than , Used to Adjust to interval, This refers to the inlet angle index. The overflow height index, The flow area index is the flow area index. For the empty tower flow velocity index, To improve the purification level, This is the device's operating efficiency coefficient.

[0034] A further technical solution, the irrigation decision model is as follows:

[0035] ;

[0036] in This is the environmental water demand weighting coefficient. This is the weighting coefficient for device operation. , All greater than , The plant water shortage index. The environmental water demand index, The efficiency coefficient of the equipment. The environmental water demand threshold, For the performance safety threshold, This is the irrigation adjustment coefficient.

[0037] A further technical solution, the irrigation efficiency adjustment model is as follows:

[0038] ;

[0039] in Set the initial power of the water pump. This is the irrigation adjustment coefficient. This represents the target power of the water pump.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] 1. Traditional irrigation systems rely on a single soil moisture signal or fixed operating parameters, failing to respond to the impact of environmental changes on evaporation and neglecting the device's own purification capacity and energy consumption. This solution, through multi-dimensional data collection and model fusion, incorporates environmental evaporation demand, actual plant water requirements, and device operating efficiency parameters into irrigation decisions, thus solving the problems of low irrigation efficiency and high energy consumption in existing technologies.

[0042] 2. This application achieves dynamic matching between pump power and the real-time water demand of rooftop plants, environmental evaporation rate, and the current purification efficiency of the device, ensuring sufficient irrigation while reducing ineffective water consumption. A linear adjustment model simplifies the multi-factor coupled calculation process, improving system response speed and stability, and avoiding excessive or insufficient water supply due to sudden changes in environmental parameters or fluctuations in device efficiency. Logical function constraints in the irrigation adjustment coefficient further ensure that power adjustment remains within a safe threshold range, preventing overload or inefficient operation of the device, thereby improving water resource utilization and reducing overall system energy consumption.

[0043] 3. The inlet assembly guides wastewater at an adjustable angle into the inner wall of the sedimentation tank, where the water flow forms a swirling current under the guidance of spiral guide strips. A conical bottom structure, combined with guide ribs, accelerates particle settling, while anti-vortex baffles suppress bottom turbulence, and the sediment collection bin collects sediment. Upper-layer clean water flows into the storage tank via the overflow assembly; a gradually varying pitch design optimizes the rotational speed of the water flow at different depths. A water pump delivers water from the storage tank to the biochar column, and the guide assembly adjusts the outlet height according to the current water quality, altering the path length of the water flow within the packing layer. Sprinkler pipes evenly distribute the treated water throughout the planting area. The irrigation efficiency optimization system collects real-time data on light intensity, wind speed, soil moisture, and device operating parameters. By coupling the environmental water demand index, plant water shortage index, and device efficiency coefficient, it dynamically calculates the pump power adjustment value. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet assembly in this invention;

[0046] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow component in this invention;

[0047] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the flow guiding component in this invention;

[0048] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of an irrigation efficiency optimization system.

[0049] In the attached diagram: 1. Sedimentation tank; 2. Water storage tank; 3. Biological carbon column; 4. Water inlet assembly; 41. Connecting groove; 42. Motor A; 43. Water inlet pipe; 5. Overflow assembly; 51. Rotating sleeve; 52. Overflow pipe; 53. Conical filter sleeve; 54. Motor B; 55. Connecting pipe; 6. Water pump; 7. Flow guiding assembly; 71. Sleeve; 72. Electric telescopic rod; 73. Water outlet pipe; 8. Spiral guide strip; 9. Flow guiding rib; 10. Anti-vortex baffle; 11. Sludge collection bin; 12. Plastic pipe; 13. Water inlet valve. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0051] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0052] like Figures 1-4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment, including a sedimentation tank 1. The sedimentation tank 1 is connected in sequence to a water storage tank 2 and a biochar column 3. The sedimentation tank 1 is connected to a water inlet assembly 4, which is used to introduce collected sewage into the sedimentation tank 1. The water inlet assembly 4 can adjust the water inlet angle so that the water flow impacts the inner wall of the sedimentation tank 1 or the spiral guide strip 8 to assist in forming an initial vortex. The water inlet assembly 4 is connected to a plastic pipe 12, and a water inlet valve 13 is provided on the plastic pipe 12.

[0053] The bottom of the sedimentation tank 1 is conical, and the bottom of the sedimentation tank 1 is provided with guide ribs 9 at equal intervals along the inner wall. The anti-vortex baffle 10 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the sedimentation tank 1. The bottom of the sedimentation tank 1 is connected to the sludge collection bin 11. The center of the sedimentation tank 1 is provided with an overflow component 5, which is connected to the water storage tank 2. The inner side wall of the sedimentation tank 1 is connected with a spiral guide strip 8 with a gradually changing pitch. A water pump 6 is provided between the water storage tank 2 and the biochar column 3. A guide component 7 is provided on the biochar column 3. The guide component 7 can adjust the effective purification height of the biochar column 3 by adjusting the water outlet height. The guide component 7 is connected to several spray pipes through a hose, and all spray pipes are distributed in the roof plant planting area.

[0054] It also includes an irrigation efficiency optimization system, which can adjust the operating power of the water pump 6 based on the comprehensive water requirements of plants, the water requirements of the environment, and the operating status of the device itself.

[0055] In this embodiment, the conical bottom structure combined with the guide ribs 9 refers to the inverted conical shape of the lower part of the sedimentation tank 1, with longitudinally protruding ribs evenly distributed on the inner wall. This structure guides the water flow to form a stable vortex, accelerating particle settling while preventing bottom eddies from disturbing the sediment. The gradually varying pitch spiral guide strip 8 refers to a spiral guide plate with a gradually changing pitch along the height of the tank. It achieves stratified sedimentation by changing the water flow rotation speed, improving solid-liquid separation efficiency. The anti-eddy baffle 10 refers to a cross-shaped plate structure fixed at the center of the tank bottom, used to disrupt the formation of bottom eddies. The height adjustment function of the guide assembly 7 refers to changing the position of the outlet on the biochar column 3 through an electric actuator. This design allows the height of the effective purification layer to change with treatment requirements, ensuring contact time at different flow rates. The irrigation efficiency optimization system refers to an intelligent control unit that includes multi-sensor data fusion. It establishes a dynamic control model by collecting environmental parameters, soil conditions, and device operation data.

[0056] Specifically, the inlet assembly 4 guides wastewater at an adjustable angle into the inner wall of the sedimentation tank 1, where the water flow forms a swirling current guided by the spiral guide strips 8. A conical bottom structure, combined with guide ribs 9, accelerates particle settling, while anti-vortex baffles 10 suppress bottom turbulence, and the sediment collection bin 11 collects the sediment. The upper layer of clear water flows into the storage tank 2 via the overflow assembly 5, and a gradually varying pitch design optimizes the rotational speed of the water flow at different depths. The water pump 6 delivers water from the storage tank 2 to the biochar column 3, and the guide assembly 7 adjusts the outlet height according to the current water quality, changing the path length of the water flow within the packing layer. The spray pipes evenly distribute the treated water throughout the planting area. The irrigation efficiency optimization system collects real-time data on light intensity, wind speed, soil moisture, and device operating parameters. By coupling the environmental water demand index, plant water shortage index, and device efficiency coefficient, it dynamically calculates the power adjustment value of the water pump 6.

[0057] like Figure 2As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the water inlet assembly 4 includes a connecting groove 41, a motor A 42, and a water inlet pipe 43;

[0058] The settling tank 1 is connected to a connecting groove 41. A motor A42 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting groove 41. A water inlet pipe 43 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor A42. An air bladder is provided in the connecting groove 41 to seal the connecting groove 41. The water inlet pipe 43 is connected to the plastic pipe 12.

[0059] In this embodiment, the output shaft of motor A42 is fixedly connected to the inlet pipe 43. The rotation of motor A42 drives the inlet pipe 43 to change its tilt angle, causing the water flow to form a controllable swirling state along the inner wall of the sedimentation tank 1. The air bladder inside the connecting groove 41 is deformed by pressure when the inlet pipe 43 rotates, always fitting against the outer wall of the inlet pipe 43 to prevent water leakage from the gap between the connecting groove 41 and the inlet pipe 43. The inlet pipe 43 is connected to the plastic pipe 12 through a flexible joint, allowing for angle adjustment of the inlet pipe 43 while ensuring the continuity of water flow.

[0060] Compared to existing technologies, traditional sedimentation tanks use fixed-angle inlets or manual adjustment devices, which cannot dynamically optimize water flow patterns, and the mechanical seal structure is prone to wear and leakage due to frequent adjustments. This solution achieves dynamic adjustment of the inlet angle through motor drive, combined with an airbag sealing design, to precisely control the swirling intensity while maintaining sealing reliability.

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overflow assembly 5 includes a rotating sleeve 51, an overflow pipe 52, and a conical filter sleeve 53;

[0062] A rotating sleeve 51 is rotatably connected to the sedimentation tank 1. An overflow pipe 52 is threadedly connected to the rotating sleeve 51. The overflow pipe 52 slides vertically and penetrates the sedimentation tank 1. A conical filter sleeve 53 is connected to the bottom of the overflow pipe 52. A motor B54 is fixedly connected to the end cap of the sedimentation tank 1. The output shaft of the motor B54 meshes with the rotating sleeve 51 for transmission. A connecting pipe 55 is connected to the overflow pipe 52. One end of the connecting pipe 55 is vertically slidably and sealed in the water storage tank 2.

[0063] In this embodiment, when the influent water quality or flow rate changes, motor B54 drives the rotating sleeve 51 to rotate, causing the overflow pipe 52 to rise and fall along the axis of the sedimentation tank 1, thereby dynamically adjusting the overflow port height. When the overflow pipe 52 rises, the liquid level in the sedimentation tank 1 increases, prolonging the sewage vortex sedimentation time; when the overflow pipe 52 falls, the liquid level decreases, accelerating the treatment speed. The conical filter sleeve 53 moves synchronously with the overflow pipe 52, always remaining in the clear water layer after sedimentation, preventing bottom sediments from entering the filtration area. When the connecting pipe 55 introduces the overflow water into the storage tank 2, the expanded filtration area of ​​the conical filter sleeve 53 can disperse the water flow impact, reducing the local accumulation of impurities on the filter screen.

[0064] Compared to existing technologies, traditional sedimentation tanks 1 use a fixed overflow height, making it impossible to adjust the sedimentation time according to the influent load. This solution, however, uses a threaded transmission mechanism to dynamically adjust the overflow height, allowing the sedimentation efficiency to adaptively match water quality fluctuations. Existing filtration structures are mostly horizontally placed filter screens, which are easily clogged by sediment. In this solution, the conical filter sleeve 53 creates a dynamic cleaning zone during its lifting and lowering process. Combined with the expanded filtration area, this significantly reduces the probability of clogging.

[0065] like Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the flow guiding component 7 includes a sleeve 71, an electric telescopic rod 72, and a water outlet pipe 73;

[0066] The side wall of the biochar column 3 has a vertical strip-shaped hole. The sleeve 71 is vertically slidably connected to the outside of the strip-shaped hole. An electric telescopic rod 72 is fixedly connected to the top of the biochar column 3. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod 72 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 71. The sleeve 71 is connected to a water outlet pipe 73, which can communicate with a local area of ​​the strip-shaped hole.

[0067] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the sleeve 71 matches the outer diameter of the biochar column 3 to achieve a sliding seal. Its function is to change the effective open area of ​​the strip-shaped hole through vertical displacement. The electric telescopic rod 72 refers to the power device that drives the sleeve 71 to move. Its stroke range covers the entire length of the strip-shaped hole on the side wall of the biochar column 3, and is used to precisely control the position of the sleeve 71. The water outlet pipe 73 refers to the guide component that connects the sleeve 71 to the irrigation system.

[0068] Specifically, when the biochar column 3 treats low-flow or low-pollution-load water, the electric telescopic rod 72 drives the sleeve 71 downward, connecting the outlet pipe 73 with the lower area of ​​the slotted orifice. At this time, the water enters from the top of the biochar column 3, flows through a shorter path (mainly through the middle and lower packing layers), and then exits from the lower outlet, reducing resistance in ineffective purification paths. When treating high-flow or high-pollution-load water, the electric telescopic rod 72 drives the sleeve 71 upward, connecting the outlet pipe 73 with the upper area of ​​the slotted orifice. This forces the water to enter from the top of the biochar column 3 and flow through a longer packing layer, extending the contact time between the water and the biochar. The slotted orifice, as a variable channel, has an exposed area whose height changes synchronously with the position of the sleeve 71, allowing the effective purification height to be dynamically adjusted according to actual operating conditions.

[0069] Compared to existing technologies, traditional biological carbon columns use a fixed-height outlet structure, which cannot adjust the purification path length according to changes in influent load, resulting in redundant purification at low loads and incomplete purification at high loads. This solution achieves stepless adjustment of the purification height through a sliding fit structure between the sleeve 71 and the strip-shaped hole, avoiding energy waste during low-load operation and ensuring purification performance under high-load conditions.

[0070] like Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation efficiency optimization system includes:

[0071] Environmental water demand assessment module: Constructs an environmental water demand assessment model based on ambient light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity, and outputs the environmental water demand index;

[0072] Plant water requirement assessment module: Based on soil moisture content and soil surface temperature, a plant water requirement assessment model is constructed, and the plant water shortage index is output;

[0073] The device operation efficiency evaluation module: Based on the inclination angle of the inlet pipe 43, the open flow area of ​​the inlet valve 13, the top height of the overflow pipe 52, the empty tower flow velocity of the water flowing through the biochar column 3, and the effective purification height of the biochar column 3, the device operation efficiency evaluation model is constructed, and the device operation efficiency coefficient is output.

[0074] Irrigation Decision Module: Based on the environmental water demand index, an irrigation decision model is constructed according to the plant water shortage index and the device operation efficiency coefficient, and the irrigation adjustment coefficient is output.

[0075] Irrigation efficiency adjustment module: Based on the initial set power of water pump 6 and the irrigation adjustment coefficient, an irrigation efficiency adjustment model is constructed, and the target power of water pump 6 is output. The irrigation efficiency adjustment module is electrically connected to the PLC controller and water pump 6 in sequence.

[0076] In this embodiment, the environmental water demand assessment module is a functional unit that collects data on ambient light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity, and constructs a mathematical model to calculate the environmental water demand index. Specifically, it can be implemented using a combination of light sensors, humidity sensors, and wind speed sensors with a normalization algorithm to quantify the comprehensive impact of environmental factors on water evaporation. The plant water demand assessment module is a functional unit that monitors soil moisture content and soil surface temperature, and establishes a calculation model for the plant water shortage index. Specifically, it can be implemented using soil moisture sensors and temperature sensors with a normalization algorithm to reflect the actual water demand of plant roots. The device operation efficiency assessment module is a functional unit that collects parameters such as the inlet angle, inlet valve 13 opening degree, overflow pipe 52 height, biochar column 3 flow rate, and purification height, and constructs an efficiency coefficient calculation model. Specifically, it can be implemented using an angle sensor, flow meter, and level gauge with a normalization algorithm to assess the system's current purification capacity and energy efficiency. The irrigation decision module is a functional unit that generates irrigation adjustment coefficients based on the environmental water demand index, plant water shortage index, and device efficiency coefficient through nonlinear function fusion. Specifically, it can be implemented using a microcontroller combined with logic algorithms to balance the dynamic relationship between irrigation demand and system operating status. The irrigation efficiency adjustment module is a functional unit that adjusts the power of the water pump according to the irrigation adjustment coefficients. Specifically, it can be implemented using a frequency converter combined with power control algorithms to achieve precise control of irrigation flow.

[0077] Specifically, the environmental water demand assessment module collects real-time data on light, humidity, and wind speed through sensors. After normalization, this data is input into the environmental water demand assessment model, outputting an environmental water demand index reflecting environmental evaporation demand. The plant water demand assessment module simultaneously acquires soil moisture content and temperature data. After normalization, this data is input into the plant water demand assessment model, outputting a plant water shortage index characterizing the degree of plant water deficiency. The device operation efficiency assessment module collects parameters such as the angle of the inlet pipe 43°, the opening degree of the inlet valve 13, the height of the overflow pipe 52, the flow rate of the biochar column 3, and the purification height. After normalization, these parameters are input into the device operation efficiency assessment model, outputting a device operation efficiency coefficient reflecting the system's purification efficiency and energy consumption level. The irrigation decision module inputs the above three indices into the irrigation decision model, generates irrigation adjustment coefficients through logical operations, and finally, the irrigation efficiency adjustment module dynamically adjusts the power of the water pump 6 based on these coefficients, forming a closed-loop control.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ambient light intensity, air humidity and air velocity are respectively substituted into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization, and the light intensity index, air humidity index and air velocity index are calculated respectively.

[0079] The environmental water demand assessment model is as follows:

[0080] ;

[0081] in The light intensity influence coefficient is... The coefficient representing the influence of air humidity. The air velocity influence coefficient. ,and , as well as All greater than , Light intensity index, The air humidity index. This refers to the air velocity index. This refers to the environmental water demand index.

[0082] In this embodiment, the maximum-minimum normalization formula refers to linearly transforming the original data to the [0, 1] interval to eliminate the dimensional differences of different environmental parameters. The light intensity influence coefficient is used to quantify the contribution weight of light to the evaporation rate. The air humidity influence coefficient participates in the calculation in an inverse form, meaning that the lower the humidity, the higher the dryness and the greater the water demand. This coefficient ensures a negative impact of humidity on water demand through constraints. The air velocity influence coefficient characterizes the effect of wind-accelerated evaporation; its value reflects the degree of influence of wind speed on water demand. The normalized light intensity index directly reflects the relative value of light intensity with respect to a preset range, the air humidity index reflects the degree of humidity deviation from the minimum value, and the air velocity index reflects the proportion of wind speed relative to the maximum observed value. The light intensity influence coefficient, air humidity influence coefficient, and air velocity influence coefficient can be determined through historical data analysis or experimental calibration.

[0083] Specifically, each coefficient , as well as Weights are assigned based on the contribution of environmental factors to evaporation; for example, in areas with strong sunlight, α=0.5, β=0.3, and γ=0.2. The environmental water demand index obtained after weighted summation can dynamically reflect the intensity of the current environmental demand for irrigation, providing a quantitative basis for subsequent irrigation decisions. Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem that traditional irrigation systems cannot dynamically match environmental evaporation demand. For example, in scenarios with high temperature, low humidity, and high wind speed, the system accurately identifies extreme states of environmental parameters through normalization processing and outputs a higher environmental water demand index through a weighted model, triggering the irrigation system to increase water supply, thereby preventing plants from suffering water shortage due to excessive evaporation. Conversely, in rainy and humid weather, the system automatically reduces irrigation volume to avoid water waste. This technical solution achieves dynamic coupling between environmental factors and irrigation strategies, improving water resource utilization efficiency.

[0084] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil moisture content and soil surface temperature are respectively substituted into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization, and the soil moisture content index and soil temperature index are calculated respectively.

[0085] The plant water requirement assessment model is as follows:

[0086] ;

[0087] in Temperature is a factor that affects the environment. Greater than , Soil temperature index, Soil moisture content index This is the plant water shortage index.

[0088] In this embodiment, the soil moisture content index is a parameter characterizing the relative moisture level of the soil after normalization. Specifically, it is calculated by comparing the measured moisture content with preset maximum and minimum thresholds, and is used to quantify the current soil water holding capacity. The soil temperature index is a parameter characterizing the relative thermal conditions of the soil surface after normalization. Specifically, it is obtained by mapping the measured temperature to a preset temperature range, and is used to reflect the degree of influence of temperature on water evaporation. The temperature influence factor δ is a coefficient used to adjust the contribution of soil temperature to the plant water shortage index. Specifically, it can be determined experimentally or set according to the characteristics of the plant species; for example, it can take a value in the range of 0.5-2.0, and is used to control the sensitivity of temperature changes to water demand assessment.

[0089] Specifically, soil moisture content and soil surface temperature are collected by sensors and then normalized to convert them into dimensionless indices. Soil Moisture Content Index The soil temperature index directly reflects the current water reserve level. The temperature influence factor δ is applied to the denominator of the model, forming a nonlinear coupling relationship. When soil temperature increases, the denominator 1+ The increase in the value of causes the overall fractional term to decrease, thus reducing the plant water shortage index. The value increases with rising temperature. This design reflects the physical mechanism by which rising temperature accelerates soil moisture evaporation. For example, when soil moisture content remains constant, rising temperature will lead to a reduction in the actual available water for plants, thereby triggering higher irrigation demands. The introduction of the temperature influence factor δ allows for adjusting the weight of temperature effects according to different plant types. For example, for drought-tolerant plants, the δ value can be reduced to weaken temperature sensitivity, while for moisture-loving plants, the δ value can be increased to enhance the temperature compensation effect.

[0090] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inclination angle of the inlet pipe 43, the open flow area of ​​the inlet valve 13, the top height of the overflow pipe 52, the empty tower flow velocity of the water flowing through the biocarbon column 3, and the effective purification height of the biocarbon column 3 are respectively substituted into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization processing, and the inlet angle index, overflow height index, flow area index, empty tower flow velocity index and purification height index are calculated respectively.

[0091] The equipment operation performance evaluation model is as follows:

[0092] ;

[0093] in For system calibration coefficients, Greater than , Used to Adjust to interval, This refers to the inlet angle index. The overflow height index, The flow area index is the flow area index. For the empty tower flow velocity index, To improve the purification level, This is the device's operating efficiency coefficient.

[0094] In this embodiment, the inlet angle index refers to the value obtained after normalizing the tilt angle of the inlet pipe 43. Specifically, it can be calculated by measuring the actual tilt angle of the inlet pipe 43 using an angle sensor and substituting it into the maximum-minimum normalization formula, reflecting the influence of the tangential velocity of the water flow on the sedimentation efficiency. The overflow height index refers to the value obtained after normalizing the top height of the overflow pipe 52. Specifically, it can be calculated by detecting the position change of the overflow pipe 52 using a level sensor and substituting it into the normalization formula, characterizing the sedimentation time and impurity separation effect. The flow area index refers to the value obtained after normalizing the open area of ​​the inlet valve 13. Specifically, it can be calculated by monitoring the actual flow cross-sectional area using a flow meter, reflecting the water flow capacity per unit time. The empty tower velocity index refers to the value obtained after normalizing the flow velocity of water flowing through the empty tower of the biochar column 3. Specifically, it can be detected and calculated using a flow velocity sensor, reflecting the hydraulic load of the biochar column 3. The purification height index refers to the normalized value obtained from the effective purification height of the biocarbon column 3. Specifically, it can be calculated by measuring the rise and fall position of the flow guiding component 7 using a displacement sensor, and is used to directly correlate with the biological contact reaction time. The system calibration coefficient ζ refers to the weighting parameter adjusted according to the actual operating scenario. Specifically, it can be determined by fitting historical data or experimental calibration, and is used to balance the differences in sensitivity of different parameters to the device's effectiveness.

[0095] Specifically, the inlet angle index and overflow height index are used as numerators, and their product reflects the overall efficiency of the sedimentation unit; the flow area index and empty tower velocity index are used as denominators, and their product reflects the hydraulic load matching degree of the filtration unit. By taking the square root of the ratio of the numerator and denominator, the sedimentation efficiency and filtration efficiency are coupled and calculated. The square root function, as a concave function, can compress extreme fluctuations in input parameters, transforming drastic linear changes into smooth nonlinear changes, thereby improving the output stability of the irrigation decision module and preventing frequent oscillations in pump power caused by instantaneous jumps in sensor data. The purification height index, as an independent multiplier, strengthens the weight of biological purification effect in the overall performance evaluation. The system calibration coefficient ζ dynamically adjusts the contribution ratio of each parameter, enabling the model to adapt to changes in water quality, flow rate, and environmental conditions. Therefore, the device operating efficiency coefficient can reflect the overall system performance in real time, providing a quantitative basis for the dynamic adjustment of pump power.

[0096] Through the above technical solution, this application solves the problem of low energy efficiency caused by fixed operating parameters in traditional circulating irrigation devices, and realizes dynamic evaluation and optimization of device operating efficiency under complex operating conditions such as fluctuations in influent water quality and changes in flow rate. Specifically, it achieves this by: eliminating the dimensional differences of multiple parameters through normalization processing to ensure the universality of the evaluation model; avoiding overall energy efficiency imbalance caused by optimizing the performance of a single link by coupling the calculation relationship between sedimentation efficiency and filtration efficiency; strengthening the role of biological reaction time in ensuring effluent water quality by introducing a purification height index; and ultimately reducing the ineffective energy consumption of equipment such as water pumps while maintaining the purification effect, thereby improving water resource utilization.

[0097] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation decision model is as follows:

[0098] ;

[0099] in This is the environmental water demand weighting coefficient. This is the weighting coefficient for device operation. , All greater than , The plant water shortage index. The environmental water demand index, The efficiency coefficient of the equipment. The environmental water demand threshold, For the performance safety threshold, This is the irrigation adjustment coefficient.

[0100] In this embodiment, the environmental water demand weighting coefficient is a parameter used to adjust the degree of influence of environmental factors on irrigation demand. It can be determined through historical data analysis or experimental calibration, and its function is to balance the dynamic changes in water demand under different environmental conditions. The device operation weighting coefficient is a parameter used to adjust the degree of influence of device operation status on irrigation decisions. It can be dynamically adjusted through device performance testing or real-time monitoring data, and its function is to ensure that the device operates within a safe and efficient range. The plant water shortage index is an indicator reflecting the combined influence of soil moisture content and temperature. It can be obtained through sensor measurement and normalization, and its function is to directly characterize the current water shortage level of plants. The environmental water demand index is an indicator of environmental evaporation water demand calculated based on light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity. It can be obtained by inputting data collected by environmental sensors into an evaluation model, and its function is to quantify the environment's water consumption demand. The device operation efficiency coefficient is an indicator reflecting the combined influence of parameters such as inlet angle, flow area, and purification height. It can be obtained by real-time monitoring of key device parameters and inputting them into an efficiency evaluation model, and its function is to evaluate the current purification capacity and water supply stability of the device. The environmental water demand threshold refers to the critical value that triggers environmental factors to significantly influence irrigation decisions. It can be determined using plant transpiration models or historical irrigation data, and its function is to distinguish between normal and abnormal environmental water demand states. The efficiency safety threshold refers to the minimum operational efficiency threshold at which the device maintains effective purification function. It can be determined through biochar column purification efficiency experiments, and its function is to prevent the device from outputting substandard irrigation water under inefficient conditions.

[0101] Specifically, the irrigation decision model achieves multi-factor synergistic regulation by nonlinearly coupling the plant water shortage index with the environmental water demand index and the device operating efficiency coefficient. When the environmental water demand index exceeds a set threshold, the Sigmoid function output approaches 1, significantly enhancing the regulatory effect of environmental factors on irrigation volume. When the device operating efficiency coefficient falls below a safe threshold, the corresponding Sigmoid function output decreases, suppressing ineffective irrigation behavior. Two weighting coefficients respectively adjust the sensitivity of environmental factors and device status to the final decision, enabling the system to dynamically adapt to changes in environmental evaporation and fluctuations in device purification capacity while ensuring the basic water needs of plants.

[0102] Compared to existing technologies, current irrigation decisions typically rely solely on a single parameter—soil moisture—for on / off control. This fails to differentiate the impact of environmental evaporation differences on water demand and ignores potential water quality risks arising from variations in the device's purification capacity. This solution introduces a dynamic coupling mechanism between environmental factors and device performance. This avoids insufficient irrigation during hot, windy weather and prevents ineffective water supply during device blockage or inefficient operation. Furthermore, it uses a nonlinear function to smoothly transition decision parameters, avoiding the oscillations associated with traditional threshold control.

[0103] Through the above technical solution, this application can dynamically generate the optimal irrigation adjustment coefficient based on the real-time status of soil moisture content, environmental evaporation, and the purification capacity of the device. When continuous strong sunlight causes a surge in environmental water demand, the irrigation amount is automatically increased to compensate for evaporation losses; when the purification efficiency of the biochar column 3 decreases due to blockage, the irrigation amount is promptly reduced until maintenance is completed; when soil moisture is sufficient but the device is operating at high efficiency, the basic irrigation amount is maintained to conserve water resources. This achieves a triple optimization of plant water demand guarantee, environmental adaptability, and device operational stability.

[0104] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the irrigation efficiency adjustment model is as follows:

[0105] ;

[0106] in Set the initial power for water pump 6. This is the irrigation adjustment coefficient. The target power for water pump 6.

[0107] In this embodiment, the initial set power of water pump 6 refers to the system's preset basic operating power of water pump 6, which can be set through the control panel or preset program, serving as a reference power for dynamic adjustment. The irrigation adjustment coefficient is a dynamic adjustment factor calculated by comprehensively considering the environmental water demand index, plant water shortage index, and device operating efficiency coefficient. It can be implemented through the logic function constraint value output by the irrigation decision model, reflecting the degree of matching between real-time irrigation demand and system operating status. The target power refers to the actual operating power of water pump 6 after dynamic adjustment, which can be implemented through a frequency converter or power regulation module, ensuring that the output power of water pump 6 matches the current irrigation demand and the device's purification efficiency.

[0108] Specifically, the initial power setting of water pump 6 is set as the basic operating parameter. The irrigation adjustment coefficient is constrained by a logic function of the environmental water demand threshold and the efficiency safety threshold, comprehensively mapping ambient light intensity, air humidity, air velocity, soil moisture content, soil surface temperature, and device operating parameters into a dynamic adjustment factor. The target power is obtained by multiplying the initial power setting by the irrigation adjustment coefficient, allowing the power of water pump 6 to be adjusted in real time according to the actual water demand of plants, environmental evaporation conditions, and the current purification capacity of the device. When the environmental water demand index exceeds the threshold or the device operating efficiency coefficient is lower than the safety threshold, the irrigation adjustment coefficient, through a logic function, suppresses excessive power adjustment, avoiding water supply instability caused by sudden environmental changes or a decrease in device efficiency.

[0109] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment, comprising a sedimentation tank, wherein the sedimentation tank is sequentially connected to a water storage tank and a biochar column, characterized in that, The settling tank is connected to a water inlet assembly, which is used to introduce the collected sewage into the settling tank. The water inlet assembly can adjust the water inlet angle so that the water flow impacts the inner wall of the settling tank or the spiral guide strip to help form an initial vortex. The water inlet assembly is connected to a plastic pipe, and a water inlet valve is installed on the plastic pipe. The bottom of the sedimentation tank is conical, and guide ribs are evenly spaced along the inner wall of the bottom. An anti-vortex baffle is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the sedimentation tank. A sludge collection chamber is connected to the bottom of the sedimentation tank. An overflow component is located at the center of the sedimentation tank and is connected to a water storage tank. A spiral guide strip with a gradually varying pitch is connected to the inner wall of the sedimentation tank. A water pump is installed between the water storage tank and the biochar column. A guide component is installed on the biochar column. The guide component can adjust the effective purification height of the biochar column by adjusting the water outlet height. The guide component is connected to several spray pipes through a flexible hose, and all spray pipes are distributed in the roof planting area. It also includes an irrigation efficiency optimization system, which can adjust the operating power of the water pump based on the comprehensive water requirements of plants, the water requirements of the environment, and the operating status of the device itself.

2. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet assembly includes a connecting groove, motor A, and a water inlet pipe; The settling tank is connected to a connecting groove, and a motor A is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the connecting groove. The output shaft of the motor A is fixedly connected to a water inlet pipe. An air bladder is provided in the connecting groove to seal the connecting groove. The water inlet pipe is connected to a plastic pipe.

3. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The overflow assembly includes a rotating sleeve, an overflow pipe, and a conical filter sleeve; A rotating sleeve is rotatably connected to the sedimentation tank, and an overflow pipe is threadedly connected to the rotating sleeve. The overflow pipe slides vertically and penetrates the sedimentation tank. A conical filter sleeve is connected to the bottom of the overflow pipe. A motor B is fixedly connected to the end cap of the sedimentation tank. The output shaft of the motor B meshes with the rotating sleeve for transmission. A connecting pipe is connected to the overflow pipe, and one end of the connecting pipe is vertically slidably and sealed in the water storage tank.

4. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow guiding assembly includes a sleeve, an electric telescopic rod, and a water outlet pipe; The biochar column has vertical strip-shaped holes on its sidewalls. The sleeve is vertically slidably connected to the outside of the strip-shaped holes. An electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the top of the biochar column. The telescopic end of the electric telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the sleeve. The sleeve is connected to a water outlet pipe, which can communicate with a local area of ​​the strip-shaped holes.

5. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The irrigation efficiency optimization system includes: Environmental water demand assessment module: Constructs an environmental water demand assessment model based on ambient light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity, and outputs the environmental water demand index; Plant water requirement assessment module: Based on soil moisture content and soil surface temperature, a plant water requirement assessment model is constructed, and the plant water shortage index is output; The device operation efficiency evaluation module constructs a device operation efficiency evaluation model based on the inclination angle of the inlet pipe, the open area of ​​the inlet valve, the top height of the overflow pipe, the empty tower flow velocity of water flowing through the biochar column, and the effective purification height of the biochar column, and outputs the device operation efficiency coefficient. Irrigation Decision Module: Based on the environmental water demand index, an irrigation decision model is constructed according to the plant water shortage index and the device operation efficiency coefficient, and the irrigation adjustment coefficient is output. Irrigation efficiency adjustment module: Based on the initial set power of the water pump and the irrigation adjustment coefficient, an irrigation efficiency adjustment model is constructed, and the target power of the water pump is output. The irrigation efficiency adjustment module is electrically connected to the PLC controller and the water pump in sequence.

6. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ambient light intensity, air humidity, and air velocity were substituted into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization, and the light intensity index, air humidity index, and air velocity index were calculated respectively. The environmental water demand assessment model is as follows: ； in The light intensity influence coefficient is... The coefficient representing the influence of air humidity. The air velocity influence coefficient. ,and , as well as All greater than , Light intensity index, The air humidity index. This refers to the air velocity index. This refers to the environmental water demand index.

7. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, Soil moisture content and soil surface temperature were normalized by substituting them into the maximum-minimum normalization formula, and the soil moisture index and soil temperature index were calculated respectively; the plant water requirement assessment model is as follows: ； in Temperature is a factor that affects the environment. Greater than , Soil temperature index Soil moisture content index This is the plant water shortage index.

8. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inclination angle of the inlet pipe, the open area of ​​the inlet valve, the top height of the overflow pipe, the empty tower velocity of the water flowing through the biochar column, and the effective purification height of the biochar column are substituted into the maximum-minimum normalization formula for normalization. The inlet angle index, overflow height index, flow area index, empty tower velocity index, and purification height index are then calculated. The device operation efficiency evaluation model is as follows: ； in For system calibration coefficients, Greater than , This refers to the inlet angle index. The overflow height index, The flow area index is the flow area index. For the empty tower flow velocity index, To improve the purification level, This is the device's operating efficiency coefficient.

9. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The irrigation decision model is as follows: ； in This is the environmental water demand weighting coefficient. This is the weighting coefficient for device operation. , All greater than , The plant water shortage index. The environmental water demand index, The efficiency coefficient of the equipment. The environmental water demand threshold, For the performance safety threshold, This is the irrigation adjustment coefficient.

10. The plant circulating irrigation device that can adaptively adjust according to the environment according to claim 5, characterized in that, The irrigation efficiency adjustment model is as follows: ； in The initial power setting for the water pump. This is the irrigation adjustment coefficient. This represents the target power of the water pump.

Images