Inter-species competition-based coreius fasciatus intensive cultivation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a coreius coreius intensive cultivation method based on interspecific competition. The method comprises the following steps: S1, setting an industrial running water cultivation environment; s2, selection and stocking of coreius gigas parents; S3, domestication of the coreius gigas parents; s4, artificial feed selection and adaptation; s5, introducing bottom exogenous species such as myxocyprinus asiaticus to remove residual feed; s6, cold water slow ingestion type fishes such as acipenser schrenckii are introduced; and S7, water temperature rising control. By accurately controlling the culture environment, introducing bottom-layer species such as myxocyprinus asiaticus to remove residual feed and introducing cold water fishes such as acipenser schrenckii, the inter-species competition pressure is increased, the food snatching desire of coreius guichenoti parents is promoted, nutrition intake is increased, gonad development is promoted, meanwhile, a good ecological system is formed, the sustainability of the whole system is enhanced, and the survival rate of coreius guichenoti is increased. According to the comprehensive advantages in coreius guichenoti parent cultivation, the cultivation efficiency and economic benefits are improved, ecological balance and sustainable development can be achieved, and powerful support is provided for future aquaculture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of enhanced breeding technology for aquatic parent fish, and in particular to a method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, the copper fish (Coreius heterodon), also known as the golden loach, pointed stick fish, or twisted fish, belongs to the order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Gotiongiae. It is named for its brassy metallic luster on its sides. It is a unique economic fish species endemic to the Yangtze River basin in my country. The copper fish has tender and delicious flesh with a high meat yield, possessing high nutritional and economic value. Widely distributed in the main stream, tributaries, and connected lakes of the Yangtze River, as a typical migratory fish, its life history is closely coupled with the hydrological rhythms of the Yangtze River, playing a unique and important role in the river ecosystem. However, due to human activities, its wild resources have severely declined, and corresponding artificial breeding and broodstock cultivation face serious challenges. To protect rare and endangered fish species and meet market demand, artificial breeding of the genus Coreius has been carried out in Jiangsu, Hubei, Sichuan, and other places, but it is still in its initial stage and the scale of breeding is small.

[0003] The copper fish serves as a crucial carrier of energy flow and material cycling within the river-lake system. Its life cycle exhibits a distinct anadromous spawning characteristic. Adults typically inhabit the main stream of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its connected lakes, while reproductive groups migrate long distances to specific upstream sections (such as the lower reaches of the Jinsha River) to spawn in the rapids and gravel beaches. This long-distance migration makes it a "living bridge" connecting upstream and downstream areas, linking the main stream with its associated water bodies for biomass transport. On one hand, it feeds on benthic organisms (such as snails, clams, and aquatic insects), carrying matter and energy from lakes and downstream bends to upstream spawning grounds, and feeding back into the system through mortality, metabolic products, and the dispersal of offspring. On the other hand, its eggs and fry float downstream, providing vital food resources for downstream and associated water bodies, supporting the survival of other fish and aquatic organisms. Therefore, the stability of the copper fish population is a key indicator for maintaining the integrity of the Yangtze River system, biological connectivity, and the health of its ecosystem functions; its decline often signifies disruption of river connectivity and degradation of ecosystem services.

[0004] The value of the copper fish has both historical and contemporary dimensions. Historically, due to its large size, rapid growth, and tender, delicious flesh, it was an important high-quality economic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, possessing significant fisheries economic value. With resource depletion, its direct economic value has greatly diminished, but its potential value is becoming increasingly prominent. Ecologically, as a key link in the Yangtze River aquatic biome, its existence has irreplaceable indirect value in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Scientifically, the copper fish is an important model species for studying fish anadromous spawning adaptation mechanisms, energy flow patterns in river ecosystems, and the impact of hydrological changes on organisms. Socioculturally, as one of the flagship fish species of the Yangtze River, its conservation status is one of the benchmarks for measuring the effectiveness of Yangtze River conservation, possessing significant symbolic and educational value. Therefore, restoring copper fish resources is not only about the survival of a single species but also a key approach to restoring the entire Yangtze River aquatic ecosystem.

[0005] In current technologies, broodstock breeding has become the most critical bottleneck in the artificial breeding and resource enhancement of copperfish. This problem stems from the inherent biological characteristics of the species and the acute contradiction with the current artificial environment. Enhanced broodstock breeding is a systematic project aimed at optimizing the physiological state, reproductive potential, and gamete quality of broodstock through comprehensive technical interventions, thus laying the material foundation for large-scale, high-quality artificial breeding. Nutritional enhancement of broodstock is key to improving their reproductive performance. The nutritional status of broodstock significantly affects the amount and quality of eggs laid by females, consequently influencing fertilization and hatching rates. The prerequisite for nutritional enhancement is providing high-quality copperfish feed and a favorable feeding environment. It is essential to ensure that broodstock ingest sufficient amounts of high-quality feed to meet their growth needs and the requirements for normal gonadal development. Artificially provided feeding environments are often too "superior," leaving broodstock in a competitive environment that reduces their appetite and feeding intensity, thus failing to meet the needs of normal gonadal development. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the technical problem that parent fish in an artificial environment without competitive pressure lack the desire to feed, thus reducing their feeding intensity and failing to meet the needs of normal gonadal development, this invention proposes a copper fish enhanced breeding method based on interspecies competition.

[0007] The copper fish enhancement breeding method based on interspecies competition proposed in this invention includes the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

[0008] Preferably, in S1, the factory-style flowing water aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a water circulation system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities.

[0009] Furthermore, the aquaculture ponds or tanks serve as habitats for aquatic animals. The water circulation system, including the main circulation pump, pools, pipes, and valves, is responsible for providing and maintaining suitable water quality and a suitable flow environment. Water flows out of the aquaculture ponds, is filtered through a solid-liquid separation system and treated by a biological treatment system, and then disinfected with ultraviolet light and ozone and increased dissolved oxygen before returning to the ponds, forming a closed loop. This ensures the stability of the aquaculture water quality and flow environment. The operation of the flow-through aquaculture system requires the support of a water quality monitoring system. This system monitors multiple indicators in the water in real time, such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and ORP, providing feedback information to the circulating water system for timely adjustments to the water quality. The water quality monitoring system can detect dissolved oxygen levels. If insufficient oxygen is detected, the oxygen supply system will automatically increase the supply, or the aquaculture management personnel will manually increase the oxygen supply to maintain good water quality and promote the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The oxygen supply equipment directly affects the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture pond. Sufficient oxygen is the foundation for the survival and growth of aquatic animals; oxygen deficiency will lead to fish suffocation and death. The solid-liquid separation system is responsible for separating solid waste such as uneaten feed, feces, and large suspended solids produced by aquaculture organisms from the aquaculture water. The biological treatment system is responsible for treating toxic and harmful substances such as small particulate organic matter, large molecular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite produced by aquaculture organisms. The waste treatment system connects to the solid-liquid separation system and is responsible for treating the organic waste separated by the solid-liquid separation system, enabling the entire circulating water system to achieve zero discharge. The feed feeding system provides nutrition to aquatic animals in the aquaculture ponds. Reasonable feeding can improve breeding efficiency and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Overfeeding or underfeeding will affect water quality, so it is directly related to the water quality monitoring system and the biological treatment system. The pH adjustment system and temperature control system are responsible for adjusting the pH value and temperature of the aquaculture water. The monitoring and management system integrates the data of all components, tracks the system operation status in real time, and provides decision support. Through data analysis, it can optimize various aspects. The operation of certain components improves aquaculture efficiency and yield. Biosecurity facilities maintain the cleanliness of the aquaculture environment, including ultraviolet and ozone disinfection of the aquaculture water, disinfection of aquaculture personnel, disinfection of aquaculture tools, and disinfection of mobile vehicles and visitors. These disinfection facilities prevent the invasion of external pathogens and ensure the normal operation of all other components. If pathogens or pollutants invade, it may cause the aquaculture system to collapse, affecting the entire aquaculture process. By precisely controlling water temperature, pH value, water quality, and flow rate, a stable and suitable parent breeding environment can be provided for copper fish, thereby improving their breeding survival rate and gonadal maturity, and reducing stress responses caused by environmental fluctuations.

[0010] Furthermore, after the factory-style flow-through aquaculture system facilities and equipment are prepared, the circulating water system is turned on, and healthy starter fish are introduced. The system is run for 15-20 days to ensure that all parts of the factory-style flow-through aquaculture system operate in coordination and normally, that the biological treatment system has a certain nitrification function, and that the starter fish are in good condition. After normal operation, the starter fish are removed.

[0011] Preferably, in step S2, robust, disease-free, and injury-free parent stock with typical metallic copper coloration, strong swimming ability, and agile reflexes are selected. Females weigh ≥0.75kg, males weigh ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:0.8-1.0, and are over 4 years old. After temperature acclimatization, the temperature difference should not exceed 1℃. The selected parent stock are then released into a pre-designed breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 5-10 individuals per cubic meter.

[0012] Furthermore, selecting high-quality copper fish broodstock can ensure the breeding of healthy offspring, improve overall aquaculture efficiency, and at the same time, appropriate stocking density can ensure the cultivation of fish population advantages and promote their healthy growth.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source. Then, 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted each day to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water. Next, the fish are induced to start eating by using natural live bait (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces that the copper fish likes the most.

[0014] Furthermore, desensitization training should be conducted on the parent fish to allow them to gradually become accustomed to the presence of humans. The fishermen should appear calmly when feeding the fish, and then gradually increase the time spent staying and observing at the edge of the pond, and perform gentle disturbance operations, such as slowly moving underwater objects or briefly turning on the lights, so that the fish are not sensitive to normal environmental changes.

[0015] Preferably, in step S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural bait. Initially, palatable feed is used as a guide, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure that the fish can feed stably. The feed is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content of ≥40% and a particle diameter of 2mm-3.5mm. In addition, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and minerals is used.

[0016] Furthermore, by gradually guiding copperfish to accept artificial feed, the feed conversion rate can be improved and the dependence on natural bait can be reduced. This not only reduces breeding costs but also improves the overall controllability of breeding. Using high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed helps to increase the growth rate and weight gain of fish, enhance their immunity, and ultimately improve economic benefits.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 0.4-1kg and put them into the breeding pond. The stocking quantity is 5%-8% of the number of copper fish parent fish to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed.

[0018] Furthermore, the introduction of red-lipped barbels can effectively clean up uneaten feed in the breeding ponds, reduce the burden on the biological treatment system and waste disposal, improve water quality, and thus provide a healthier growth environment for copper barbels and reduce the incidence of diseases.

[0019] Preferably, in S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish parent stocking, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii is introduced according to the water quality, with a stocking size of 0.4-1kg and a stocking quantity of 3%-5% of the copper fish parent stocking quantity, in order to form a good ecological balance.

[0020] Furthermore, by introducing Sturgeon schlegelii, competitive pressure from other species can be provided. By utilizing its slow feeding speed, the feeding desire of the parent fish can be increased without excessive competition for food, thus promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture system.

[0021] Preferably, in step S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from the initial 12℃-16℃ to 18℃-21℃ through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of the fish and the development of its gonads.

[0022] Furthermore, the water temperature is gradually increased through a temperature control system. The water temperature of 12℃-16℃ simulates the low-temperature season of the original living environment of copper fish, which allows copper fish to feed normally. The water temperature of 18℃-21℃ is the water temperature at which the gonads of copper fish can develop and mature and reproduce. The appropriate temperature can effectively promote the feeding, metabolism and growth of copper fish, ensuring that they can obtain suitable temperatures at different developmental stages, thereby improving the efficiency of parent breeding.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Factory-style flow-through aquaculture systems can provide a flow-through aquaculture environment similar to the wild living conditions of copper fish, reducing stress. 2. The introduction of the Chinese paddlefish can increase the interspecific competitive pressure in the ecosystem and also clear away the remains of the copperfish, ensuring that they do not compete for food. 3. The introduction of the Amur sturgeon provides interspecies competitive pressure, which can stimulate the copper fish's desire to compete for food. However, the Amur sturgeon moves slowly and is not very competitive for food, which ultimately leads to the copper fish consuming more food per day and promotes the nutritional enhancement of the copper fish. 4. Simulate the coexistence of multiple environmental organisms in a natural ecosystem to promote the development and production of major farmed species.

[0024] This invention significantly improves the survival rate of copper fish by precisely controlling the breeding environment, reducing stress responses caused by environmental fluctuations, and ensuring healthy growth. It introduces high-protein, easily digestible artificial feed to improve feed conversion rate, reduce dependence on natural bait, lower breeding costs, and enhance fish immunity. The introduction of bottom-dwelling species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten feed, and the introduction of cold-water fish such as the Amur sturgeon to increase interspecies competition, stimulate the copper fish broodstock's feeding desire, increase nutrient intake, and promote gonadal development, while simultaneously forming a healthy ecosystem, promoting biodiversity in the breeding waters, and enhancing the overall system's sustainability. These comprehensive advantages in copper fish broodstock breeding not only improve breeding efficiency and economic benefits but also contribute to achieving ecological balance and sustainable development, providing strong support for future aquaculture. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 Example 1 This embodiment proposes a method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecies competition, including the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

[0028] In this embodiment, in S1, the factory-style flowing water aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a water circulation system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities. The aquaculture ponds or tanks serve as habitats for aquatic animals. The circulating water system includes a main circulation pump, a pool, pipes, and valves, responsible for providing and maintaining suitable water quality and a suitable flowing water environment. Water flows out of the aquaculture ponds, is filtered by the solid-liquid separation system and treated by the biochemical treatment system, then disinfected with ultraviolet light and ozone and its dissolved oxygen increased before returning to the ponds, forming a closed loop to ensure the stability of the aquaculture water quality and flowing water environment. The operation of a circulating water system requires the support of a water quality monitoring system. This system monitors multiple indicators in the water in real time, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and ORP, providing feedback to the circulating water system for timely adjustments. The system can detect dissolved oxygen levels; if insufficient oxygen is detected, the oxygen supply system will automatically increase it, or the aquaculture management personnel will manually increase the oxygen supply to maintain good water quality and promote the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The oxygen supply equipment directly affects the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture pond; sufficient oxygen is fundamental for the survival and growth of aquatic animals, while oxygen deficiency can lead to fish suffocation and death. The solid-liquid separation system is responsible for removing uneaten feed, feces, large suspended solids, and other solid waste generated by the cultured organisms from the aquaculture water. The system separates organic matter from the solid-liquid separation system; the biochemical treatment system is responsible for treating small particulate organic matter, large molecular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances produced by farmed organisms; the waste treatment system is connected to the solid-liquid separation system and is responsible for treating the organic waste separated by the solid-liquid separation system, so that the entire circulating water system achieves zero discharge; the feed feeding system provides nutrition to aquatic animals in the breeding pond. Reasonable feeding can improve breeding efficiency and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Overfeeding or underfeeding will affect water quality, so it is directly related to the water quality monitoring system and the biochemical treatment system; the pH adjustment system and the temperature control system are responsible for adjusting the pH value and temperature of the breeding water; the monitoring and management system integrates the data of all components and tracks the system in real time. The system monitors operational status and provides decision support. Through data analysis, it can optimize the operation of each part, improving breeding efficiency and yield. Biosecurity facilities maintain the cleanliness of the breeding environment, including disinfection facilities such as ultraviolet light and ozone disinfection of the breeding water, disinfection of breeding personnel, disinfection of breeding tools, and disinfection of mobile vehicles and external personnel. This prevents the invasion of external pathogens and ensures the normal operation of all other components. If pathogens or pollutants invade, it may cause the breeding system to collapse, affecting the entire breeding process. By precisely controlling water temperature, pH value, water quality and flow rate, a stable and suitable parent breeding environment can be provided for copper fish, thereby improving their breeding survival rate and gonadal maturity, and reducing stress response caused by environmental fluctuations.

[0029] In this embodiment, in S2, broodstock that are robust, disease-free, have a typical metallic copper color, swim powerfully, and react quickly are preferentially selected. Females should weigh ≥0.75kg, males ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:0.8, and be at least 4 years old. After temperature acclimatization, the temperature difference should not exceed 1℃. The selected broodstock are then released into the preset breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 5 fish per cubic meter. Selecting high-quality copper fish broodstock ensures the production of healthy offspring, improves overall breeding efficiency, and ensures the cultivation of the fish population's dominance and promotes their healthy growth.

[0030] In this embodiment, in S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source. Then, 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted daily to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise, and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water. Next, natural live bait (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces that the copper fish like best are used to induce them to eat. This is to desensitize the parent fish and allow them to gradually get used to the presence of humans. The breeder appears calmly when feeding the fish. Afterward, the time spent staying and observing at the edge of the pond can be gradually increased, and gentle disturbance operations can be performed, such as slowly moving underwater objects or briefly turning on the lights, to make the fish less sensitive to normal environmental changes.

[0031] In this embodiment, in S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural food. Initially, palatable feed is used as a guide, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure stable feeding by the fish. The feed used is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content ≥40% and a particle diameter of 2mm. Additionally, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals is used. By gradually guiding the copper fish to accept artificial feed, the feed conversion rate can be improved, reducing dependence on natural food. This not only reduces breeding costs but also improves the overall controllability of the breeding process. Using high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed helps to increase the growth rate and weight gain of the fish, enhance their immunity, and ultimately improve economic benefits.

[0032] In this embodiment, in S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 0.4 and put them into the breeding pond. The number of fish is 5% of the number of copper fish parents to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed. The introduction of Chinese paddlefish can effectively clean up uneaten feed in the breeding pond, reduce the burden on the biological treatment system and waste treatment, improve water quality, and thus provide a healthier growth environment for copper fish and reduce the incidence of disease.

[0033] In this embodiment, in S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish broodstock are stocked, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii with a stocking size of 0.4 kg is introduced according to the water quality conditions. The stocking quantity is 3% of the copper fish broodstock. The introduction of Sturgeon schlegelii provides interspecies competition pressure. By utilizing its slow feeding rate, the feeding desire of the copper fish broodstock is increased, but without excessive competition for food, thus promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture system.

[0034] In this embodiment, in step S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from an initial 12°C to 18°C ​​through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of the fish and the development of its gonads. The water temperature is gradually increased through the temperature control system. 12°C simulates the water temperature of the copper fish's original living environment in the low-temperature season, at which the copper fish can feed normally. 18°C ​​is the water temperature at which the copper fish's gonads can develop to maturity and reproduce. The appropriate temperature can effectively promote the copper fish's feeding, metabolism and growth, ensuring that it can obtain a suitable temperature at different developmental stages, thereby improving the efficiency of parent stock breeding.

[0035] Reference Figure 1 Example 2 This embodiment proposes a method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecies competition, including the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

[0036] In this embodiment, in S1, the factory-style flowing water aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a circulating water system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities. The aquaculture ponds or tanks serve as habitats for aquatic animals. The circulating water system includes a main circulation pump, a pool, pipes, and valves, responsible for providing and maintaining suitable water quality and a suitable flowing water environment. Water flows out of the aquaculture ponds, is filtered by the solid-liquid separation system and treated by the biochemical treatment system, then disinfected with ultraviolet light and ozone and with increased dissolved oxygen before returning to the ponds, forming a closed loop to ensure the stability of the aquaculture water quality and flowing water environment. The operation of a circulating water system requires the support of a water quality monitoring system. This system monitors multiple indicators in the water in real time, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and ORP, providing feedback to the circulating water system for timely adjustments. The system can detect dissolved oxygen levels; if insufficient oxygen is detected, the oxygen supply system will automatically increase it, or the aquaculture management personnel will manually increase the oxygen supply to maintain good water quality and promote the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The oxygen supply equipment directly affects the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture pond; sufficient oxygen is fundamental for the survival and growth of aquatic animals, while oxygen deficiency can lead to fish suffocation and death. The solid-liquid separation system is responsible for removing uneaten feed, feces, large suspended solids, and other solid waste generated by the cultured organisms from the aquaculture water. The system separates organic matter from the solid-liquid separation system; the biochemical treatment system is responsible for treating small particulate organic matter, large molecular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances produced by farmed organisms; the waste treatment system is connected to the solid-liquid separation system and is responsible for treating the organic waste separated by the solid-liquid separation system, so that the entire circulating water system achieves zero discharge; the feed feeding system provides nutrition to aquatic animals in the breeding pond. Reasonable feeding can improve breeding efficiency and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Overfeeding or underfeeding will affect water quality, so it is directly related to the water quality monitoring system and the biochemical treatment system; the pH adjustment system and the temperature control system are responsible for adjusting the pH value and temperature of the breeding water; the monitoring and management system integrates the data of all components and tracks the system in real time. The system monitors operational status and provides decision support. Through data analysis, it can optimize the operation of each part, improving breeding efficiency and yield. Biosecurity facilities maintain the cleanliness of the breeding environment, including disinfection facilities such as ultraviolet light and ozone disinfection of the breeding water, disinfection of breeding personnel, disinfection of breeding tools, and disinfection of mobile vehicles and external personnel. This prevents the invasion of external pathogens and ensures the normal operation of all other components. If pathogens or pollutants invade, it may cause the breeding system to collapse, affecting the entire breeding process. By precisely controlling water temperature, pH value, water quality and flow rate, a stable and suitable parent breeding environment can be provided for copper fish, thereby improving their breeding survival rate and gonadal maturity, and reducing stress response caused by environmental fluctuations.

[0037] In this embodiment, in S2, priority is given to selecting parent fish that are robust, disease-free, have a typical metallic copper color, swim powerfully, and react quickly. Females should weigh ≥0.75kg, males ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:0.9, and be at least 4 years old. After temperature acclimatization, the temperature difference should not exceed 1℃. The selected parent fish are then released into the preset breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 6 fish per cubic meter. Selecting high-quality copper fish parent fish ensures the production of healthy offspring, improves overall breeding efficiency, and ensures the cultivation of the fish population's dominance and promotes their healthy growth.

[0038] In this embodiment, in S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source. Then, 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted daily to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise, and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water. Next, natural live bait (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces that the copper fish like best are used to induce them to eat. This is to desensitize the parent fish and allow them to gradually get used to the presence of humans. The breeder appears calmly when feeding the fish. Afterward, the time spent staying and observing at the edge of the pond can be gradually increased, and gentle disturbance operations can be performed, such as slowly moving underwater objects or briefly turning on the lights, to make the fish less sensitive to normal environmental changes.

[0039] In this embodiment, in S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural food. Initially, palatable feed is used as a guide, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure stable feeding by the fish. The feed used is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content ≥40% and a particle diameter of 2.1mm. Additionally, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals is used. By gradually guiding the copper fish to accept artificial feed, the feed conversion rate can be improved, reducing dependence on natural food. This not only reduces breeding costs but also improves the overall controllability of the breeding process. Using high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed helps to increase the growth rate and weight gain of the fish, enhance their immunity, and ultimately improve economic benefits.

[0040] In this embodiment, in step S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 0.6 kg and put them into the breeding pond. The number of fish is 5% of the number of copper fish parents to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed. The introduction of Chinese paddlefish can effectively clean up uneaten feed in the breeding pond, reduce the burden on the biological treatment system and waste treatment, improve water quality, and thus provide a healthier growth environment for copper fish and reduce the incidence of disease.

[0041] In this embodiment, in S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish broodstock are stocked, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii is introduced according to the water quality, with a stocking size of 0.6 kg and a stocking quantity of 4% of the copper fish broodstock. The introduction of Sturgeon schlegelii provides interspecies competition pressure and utilizes its slow feeding rate to increase the feeding desire of the copper fish broodstock without causing excessive competition for food, thus promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture system.

[0042] In this embodiment, in step S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from an initial 15°C to 19°C through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of the fish and the development of its gonads. The water temperature is gradually increased through the temperature control system. 15°C simulates the water temperature of the copper fish's original living environment in the low-temperature season, at which the copper fish can feed normally. 19°C is the water temperature at which the copper fish's gonads can develop to maturity and reproduce. The appropriate temperature can effectively promote the copper fish's feeding, metabolism and growth, ensuring that it can obtain a suitable temperature at different developmental stages, thereby improving the efficiency of parent stock breeding.

[0043] Reference Figure 1 Example 3 This embodiment proposes a method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecies competition, including the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

[0044] In this embodiment, S1, the factory-style flow-through aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a circulating water system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities. The aquaculture ponds or tanks serve as habitats for aquatic animals. The circulating water system, including a main circulation pump, pools, pipes, and valves, is responsible for providing and maintaining suitable water quality and a suitable flow-through environment. Water flows out of the aquaculture ponds, is filtered by the solid-liquid separation system and treated by the biochemical treatment system, then disinfected with ultraviolet light and ozone and treated to increase dissolved oxygen before returning to the ponds, forming a closed loop to ensure the quality of the aquaculture water and the flow-through environment. Stable operation of a recirculating aquaculture system requires the support of a water quality monitoring system. This system monitors multiple indicators in the water in real time, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and ORP, providing feedback to the system for timely adjustments. The system can detect dissolved oxygen levels; if insufficient oxygen is detected, the oxygen supply system will automatically increase it, or the aquaculture management personnel will manually increase the oxygen supply to maintain good water quality and promote the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The oxygen supply equipment directly affects the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture pond; sufficient oxygen is fundamental for the survival and growth of aquatic animals, while oxygen deficiency can lead to fish suffocation and death. The solid-liquid separation system is responsible for separating uneaten feed, feces, and large suspended solids produced by the cultured organisms. Waste is separated from the aquaculture water; the biochemical treatment system is responsible for treating small particulate organic matter, large molecular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances produced by the aquaculture organisms; the waste treatment system is connected to the solid-liquid separation system and is responsible for treating the organic waste separated by the solid-liquid separation system, so that the entire circulating water system achieves zero discharge; the feed feeding system provides nutrition to the aquatic animals in the aquaculture pond. Reasonable feeding can improve breeding efficiency and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Overfeeding or underfeeding will affect water quality, so it is directly related to the water quality monitoring system and the biochemical treatment system; the pH adjustment system and the temperature control system are responsible for adjusting the pH value and temperature of the aquaculture water; the monitoring and management system integrates all groups The system collects data, tracks its operation in real time, and provides decision support. Through data analysis, it can optimize the operation of each part, improving breeding efficiency and yield. Biosecurity facilities maintain the cleanliness of the breeding environment, including ultraviolet and ozone disinfection of the breeding water, disinfection of breeding personnel, disinfection of breeding tools, and disinfection of mobile vehicles and outsiders. This prevents the invasion of external pathogens and ensures the normal operation of all other components. If pathogens or pollutants invade, it may cause the breeding system to collapse and affect the entire breeding process. By precisely controlling water temperature, pH value, water quality, and flow rate, a stable and suitable parent breeding environment can be provided for copper fish, thereby improving their breeding survival rate and gonadal maturity.

[0045] In this embodiment, in S2, priority is given to selecting parent fish that are robust, disease-free, have a typical metallic copper color, swim powerfully, and react quickly. Females should weigh ≥0.75kg, males ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:0.9, and be at least 4 years old. After temperature acclimatization, the temperature difference should not exceed 1℃. The selected parent fish are then released into the preset breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 7 fish per cubic meter. Selecting high-quality copper fish parent fish ensures the production of healthy offspring, improves overall breeding efficiency, and ensures the cultivation of the fish population's dominance and promotes their healthy growth.

[0046] In this embodiment, in S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source. Then, 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted daily to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise, and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water. Next, natural live bait (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces that the copper fish like best are used to induce them to eat. This is to desensitize the parent fish and allow them to gradually get used to the presence of humans. The breeder appears calmly when feeding the fish. Afterward, the time spent staying and observing at the edge of the pond can be gradually increased, and gentle disturbance operations can be performed, such as slowly moving underwater objects or briefly turning on the lights, to make the fish less sensitive to normal environmental changes.

[0047] In this embodiment, in S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural food. Initially, palatable feed is used as a guide, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure stable feeding by the fish. The feed used is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content ≥40% and a particle diameter of 2.5mm. Additionally, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals is used. By gradually guiding the copper fish to accept artificial feed, the feed conversion rate can be improved, reducing dependence on natural food. This not only reduces breeding costs but also improves the overall controllability of the breeding process. Using high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed helps to increase the growth rate and weight gain of the fish, enhance their immunity, and ultimately improve economic benefits.

[0048] In this embodiment, in S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 0.8 kg and put them into the breeding pond. The stocking quantity is 6% of the number of copper fish parent fish to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed. The introduction of Chinese paddlefish can effectively clean up uneaten feed in the breeding pond, reduce the burden on the biological treatment system and waste treatment, improve water quality, and thus provide a healthier growth environment for copper fish and reduce the incidence of disease.

[0049] In this embodiment, in S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish broodstock is stocked, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii is introduced according to the water quality, with a stocking size of 0.8 kg and a stocking quantity of 4% of the copper fish broodstock to form a good ecological balance. By introducing Sturgeon schlegelii, the competitive pressure between alien species can be provided. Taking advantage of its slow feeding rate, the feeding desire of the copper fish broodstock is increased, but without excessive competition for food, thus promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture system.

[0050] In this embodiment, in step S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from an initial 14°C to 19°C through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of the fish and the development of its gonads. The water temperature is gradually increased through the temperature control system. 13°C simulates the water temperature of the copper fish's original living environment in the low-temperature season, at which the copper fish can feed normally. 19°C is the water temperature at which the copper fish's gonads can develop to maturity and reproduce. The appropriate temperature can effectively promote the copper fish's feeding, metabolism and growth, ensuring that it can obtain a suitable temperature at different developmental stages, thereby improving the efficiency of parent stock breeding.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 Example 4 This embodiment proposes a method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecies competition, including the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

[0052] In this embodiment, S1, the factory-style flow-through aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a water circulation system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities. The aquaculture ponds or tanks serve as habitats for aquatic animals. The circulating water system includes a main circulation pump, a pool, pipes, and valves, responsible for providing and maintaining suitable water quality and a suitable flow-through environment. Water flows out of the aquaculture ponds, is filtered by the solid-liquid separation system and treated by the biochemical treatment system, then disinfected with ultraviolet light and ozone and its dissolved oxygen is increased before returning to the ponds, forming a closed loop to ensure the stability of the aquaculture water quality and flow-through environment. The operation of aquaculture systems requires the support of a water quality monitoring system. This system monitors multiple indicators in the water in real time, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and ORP, providing feedback to the recirculating aquaculture system for timely adjustments. The system can detect dissolved oxygen levels; if insufficient oxygen is detected, the oxygen supply system will automatically increase it, or the aquaculture management personnel will manually increase the oxygen supply to maintain good water quality and promote the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The oxygen supply equipment directly affects the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture pond; sufficient oxygen is fundamental for the survival and growth of aquatic animals, while oxygen deficiency can lead to fish suffocation and death. The solid-liquid separation system is responsible for removing uneaten feed, feces, large suspended solids, and other solid waste generated by the aquaculture organisms from the aquaculture water. The system separates organic matter from the aquatic organisms; the biochemical treatment system is responsible for treating small particulate organic matter, large molecular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances produced by the aquatic organisms; the waste treatment system is connected to the solid-liquid separation system and is responsible for treating the organic waste separated by the aquaculture solid-liquid separation system, so that the entire circulating water system achieves zero discharge; the feed feeding system provides nutrition to the aquatic animals in the aquaculture pond. Reasonable feeding can improve breeding efficiency and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Overfeeding or underfeeding will affect water quality, so it is directly related to the water quality monitoring system and the biochemical treatment system; the pH adjustment system and the temperature control system are responsible for adjusting the pH value and temperature of the aquaculture water; the monitoring and management system integrates the data of all components and tracks the system in real time. The system monitors operational status and provides decision support. Through data analysis, it can optimize the operation of each part, improving breeding efficiency and yield. Biosecurity facilities maintain the cleanliness of the breeding environment, including disinfection facilities such as ultraviolet light and ozone disinfection of the breeding water, disinfection of breeding personnel, disinfection of breeding tools, and disinfection of mobile vehicles and external personnel. This prevents the invasion of external pathogens and ensures the normal operation of all other components. If pathogens or pollutants invade, it may cause the breeding system to collapse, affecting the entire breeding process. By precisely controlling water temperature, pH value, water quality and flow rate, a stable and suitable parent breeding environment can be provided for copper fish, thereby improving their breeding survival rate and gonadal maturity, and reducing stress response caused by environmental fluctuations.

[0053] In this embodiment, in S2, broodstock that are robust, disease-free, have a typical metallic copper color, swim powerfully, and react quickly are preferentially selected. Females weigh ≥0.75kg, males weigh ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:1.0, and are at least 4 years old. After temperature acclimatization, the temperature difference should not exceed 1℃. The selected broodstock are then released into the preset breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 6 fish per cubic meter. Selecting high-quality copper fish broodstock ensures the production of healthy offspring, improves overall breeding efficiency, and ensures the cultivation of the fish population's dominance and promotes their healthy growth.

[0054] In this embodiment, in S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source. Then, 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted daily to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise, and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water. Next, natural live bait (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces that the copper fish like best are used to induce them to eat. This is to desensitize the parent fish and allow them to gradually get used to the presence of humans. The breeder appears calmly when feeding the fish. Afterward, the time spent staying and observing at the edge of the pond can be gradually increased, and gentle disturbance operations can be performed, such as slowly moving underwater objects or briefly turning on the lights, to make the fish less sensitive to normal environmental changes.

[0055] In this embodiment, in S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural food. Initially, palatable feed is used as a guide, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure stable feeding by the fish. The feed used is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content ≥40% and a particle diameter of 3mm. Additionally, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals is used. By gradually guiding the copper fish to accept artificial feed, the feed conversion rate can be improved, reducing dependence on natural food. This not only reduces breeding costs but also improves the overall controllability of the breeding process. Using high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed helps to increase the growth rate and weight gain of the fish, enhances their immunity, and ultimately improves economic benefits.

[0056] In this embodiment, in step S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 0.8 kg and put them into the breeding pond. The stocking quantity is 7% of the number of copper fish parent fish to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed. The introduction of Chinese paddlefish can effectively clean up uneaten feed in the breeding pond, reduce the burden on the biological treatment system and waste treatment, improve water quality, and thus provide a healthier growth environment for copper fish and reduce the incidence of disease.

[0057] In this embodiment, in S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish broodstock are stocked, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii with a stocking size of 0.8 kg is introduced according to the water quality conditions. The stocking quantity is 5% of the copper fish broodstock. The introduction of Sturgeon schlegelii provides interspecies competition pressure. By utilizing its slow feeding rate, the feeding desire of the copper fish broodstock is increased, but without excessive competition for food, thus promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture system.

[0058] In this embodiment, in step S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from an initial 14°C to 20°C through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of the fish and the development of their gonads. The water temperature is gradually increased through the temperature control system. 14°C simulates the water temperature of the copper fish's original living environment in the low-temperature season, at which the copper fish can feed normally. 20°C is the water temperature at which the copper fish's gonads can develop to maturity and reproduce. The appropriate temperature can effectively promote the copper fish's feeding, metabolism and growth, ensuring that it can obtain a suitable temperature at different developmental stages, thereby improving the efficiency of parent stock breeding.

[0059] Reference Figure 1 Example 5 This embodiment proposes a method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecies competition, including the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

[0060] In this embodiment, in S1, the factory-style flowing water aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a water circulation system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities. The aquaculture ponds or tanks serve as habitats for aquatic animals. The circulating water system includes a main circulation pump, a pool, pipes, and valves, responsible for providing and maintaining suitable water quality and a suitable flowing water environment. Water flows out of the aquaculture ponds, is filtered by the solid-liquid separation system and treated by the biochemical treatment system, then disinfected with ultraviolet light and ozone and its dissolved oxygen increased before returning to the ponds, forming a closed loop to ensure the stability of the aquaculture water quality and flowing water environment. The operation of a circulating water system requires the support of a water quality monitoring system. This system monitors multiple indicators in the water in real time, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and ORP, providing feedback to the circulating water system for timely adjustments. The system can detect dissolved oxygen levels; if insufficient oxygen is detected, the oxygen supply system will automatically increase it, or the aquaculture management personnel will manually increase the oxygen supply to maintain good water quality and promote the healthy growth of aquatic animals. The oxygen supply equipment directly affects the dissolved oxygen content in the aquaculture pond; sufficient oxygen is fundamental for the survival and growth of aquatic animals, while oxygen deficiency can lead to fish suffocation and death. The solid-liquid separation system is responsible for removing uneaten feed, feces, large suspended solids, and other solid waste generated by the cultured organisms from the aquaculture water. The system separates organic matter from the solid-liquid separation system; the biochemical treatment system is responsible for treating small particulate organic matter, large molecular organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances produced by farmed organisms; the waste treatment system is connected to the solid-liquid separation system and is responsible for treating the organic waste separated by the solid-liquid separation system, so that the entire circulating water system achieves zero discharge; the feed feeding system provides nutrition to aquatic animals in the breeding pond. Reasonable feeding can improve breeding efficiency and promote the growth of aquatic animals. Overfeeding or underfeeding will affect water quality, so it is directly related to the water quality monitoring system and the biochemical treatment system; the pH adjustment system and the temperature control system are responsible for adjusting the pH value and temperature of the breeding water; the monitoring and management system integrates the data of all components and tracks the system in real time. The system monitors operational status and provides decision support. Through data analysis, it can optimize the operation of each part, improving breeding efficiency and yield. Biosecurity facilities maintain the cleanliness of the breeding environment, including disinfection facilities such as ultraviolet light and ozone disinfection of the breeding water, disinfection of breeding personnel, disinfection of breeding tools, and disinfection of mobile vehicles and external personnel. This prevents the invasion of external pathogens and ensures the normal operation of all other components. If pathogens or pollutants invade, it may cause the breeding system to collapse, affecting the entire breeding process. By precisely controlling water temperature, pH value, water quality and flow rate, a stable and suitable parent breeding environment can be provided for copper fish, thereby improving their breeding survival rate and gonadal maturity, and reducing stress response caused by environmental fluctuations.

[0061] In this embodiment, in S2, priority is given to selecting parent fish that are robust, free from disease and injury, have a typical metallic copper color, swim powerfully, and react quickly. Females should weigh ≥0.75kg, males ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:1.0, and be at least 4 years old. After temperature acclimatization, the temperature difference should not exceed 1℃. The selected parent fish are then released into the preset breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 10 fish per cubic meter. Selecting high-quality copper fish parent fish ensures the production of healthy offspring, improves overall breeding efficiency, and ensures the cultivation of the fish population's dominance and promotes their healthy growth.

[0062] In this embodiment, in S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source. Then, 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted daily to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise, and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water. Next, natural live bait (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces that the copper fish like best are used to induce them to eat. This is to desensitize the parent fish and allow them to gradually get used to the presence of humans. The breeder appears calmly when feeding the fish. Afterward, the time spent staying and observing at the edge of the pond can be gradually increased, and gentle disturbance operations can be performed, such as slowly moving underwater objects or briefly turning on the lights, to make the fish less sensitive to normal environmental changes.

[0063] In this embodiment, in S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural food. Initially, palatable feed is used as a guide, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure stable feeding by the fish. The feed used is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content ≥40% and a particle diameter of 3.5mm. Additionally, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E, and minerals is used. By gradually guiding the copper fish to accept artificial feed, the feed conversion rate can be improved, reducing dependence on natural food. This not only reduces breeding costs but also improves the overall controllability of the breeding process. Using high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed helps to increase the growth rate and weight gain of the fish, enhance their immunity, and ultimately improve economic benefits.

[0064] In this embodiment, in S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 1kg and put them into the breeding pond. The stocking quantity is 8% of the number of copper fish parent fish to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed. The introduction of Chinese paddlefish can effectively clean up uneaten feed in the breeding pond, reduce the burden on the biological treatment system and waste treatment, improve water quality, and thus provide a healthier growth environment for copper fish and reduce the incidence of disease.

[0065] In this embodiment, in S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish broodstock are stocked, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii is introduced according to the water quality, with a stocking size of 1 kg and a stocking quantity of 5% of the copper fish broodstock. The introduction of Sturgeon schlegelii provides interspecies competition pressure and utilizes its slow feeding rate to increase the feeding desire of the copper fish broodstock, but without excessive competition for food, thus promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture system.

[0066] In this embodiment, in step S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from an initial 16°C to 21°C through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of the fish and the development of its gonads. The water temperature is gradually increased through the temperature control system. 16°C simulates the water temperature of the copper fish's original living environment in the low-temperature season, at which the copper fish can feed normally. 21°C is the water temperature at which the copper fish's gonads can develop to maturity and reproduce. The appropriate temperature can effectively promote the copper fish's feeding, metabolism and growth, ensuring that it can obtain a suitable temperature at different developmental stages, thereby improving the efficiency of parent stock breeding.

[0067] The conventional cultivation method is compared with the cultivation method obtained in Examples 1 to 5. The results obtained in Examples 1 to 5 are shown in the table below:

[0068] As can be seen from the table above, the copper fish enhancement breeding method based on interspecies competition proposed in this invention has significant improvement, and Example 4 is the best example.

[0069] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Factory-style continuous flow aquaculture environment setup; S2: Selection and stocking of copper fish broodstock; S3: Domestication of copper fish parent stock; S4: Selection and adaptation to artificial feeds; S5: Introduce bottom-dwelling exogenous species such as the Chinese sturgeon to remove uneaten bait; S6: Introduce cold-water, slow-feeding fish such as the Sturgeon schlegelii; S7: Water temperature rise control; S8: Gonadal maturity test.

2. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the factory-style flowing water aquaculture system includes aquaculture ponds, a solid-liquid separation system, a biochemical treatment system, a water circulation system, a water quality monitoring and early warning system, an oxygen supply system, a feed feeding system, a pH adjustment system, a temperature control system, a waste treatment system, a monitoring and management system, and biosafety facilities.

3. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, priority is given to selecting parent stock that is robust, disease-free, has a typical metallic copper color, swims powerfully, and reacts quickly. Females should weigh ≥0.75kg and males ≥0.5kg, with a sex ratio of 1:0.8-1.

0. They should be 4 years old or older and have undergone temperature acclimatization, with a temperature difference of no more than 1℃ after acclimatization. The selected parent stock will be released into the pre-set breeding environment with an initial stocking density of 5-10 fish per cubic meter.

4. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, According to claim 1, the method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecies competition is characterized in that, in step S3, the water quality conditions are initially maintained to be similar to those of the source area, and then 1-2 key parameters (such as temperature) are slowly adjusted every day to allow the fish to gradually adapt to the target breeding environment. The environment is kept quiet to avoid sudden strong light, noise and human disturbance. During this stage, the fish are usually not fed to allow them to fully adapt to the new water body. Next, the natural live bait that copper fish like the most (such as small fish and shrimp paste) or fresh fish meat / shellfish pieces are used to induce them to start eating.

5. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, artificial feed is gradually used to replace natural feed. Initially, palatable feed is used to guide the fish, and the proportion of artificial feed is gradually increased to ensure that the fish can feed stably. The feed is a high-protein, easily digestible artificial compound feed with a protein content of ≥40% and a particle diameter of 2mm-3.5mm. In addition, feed rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and minerals is used.

6. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the Chinese paddlefish is a bottom-dwelling omnivorous fish that prefers to eat pelleted feed with high moisture content, which can effectively clean up uneaten feed at the bottom. After the copper fish have fully adapted to the artificial feed, two hours after feeding, select Chinese paddlefish with a size of 0.4-1kg and put them into the breeding pond. The stocking quantity is 5%-8% of the copper fish parent stock to promote the cleaning of uneaten feed.

7. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the Sturgeon schlegelii is a cold-water fish with a slow feeding rate and can exist stably in the environment. In the first week after the copper fish broodstock are released, an appropriate amount of Sturgeon schlegelii is introduced according to the water quality to form a good ecological balance.

8. The method for enhanced breeding of copper fish based on interspecific competition according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S7, the water temperature is gradually increased from the initial 12℃-16℃ to 18℃-21℃ through an automatic temperature control system to promote the growth of fish and the development of their gonads.

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