Centralized control type emergency evacuation system and control method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of emergency evacuation, and discloses a centralized control type emergency evacuation system and a control method thereof. A centralized decision control module; a distributed execution module; a bidirectional communication module; a standby power supply module; the centralized decision control module realizes unified coordination control of each module, solves the problems of independent operation and inconsistent response of each module of a traditional system, and improves the collaboration and response efficiency of emergency evacuation. A dynamic evacuation scheme is generated based on real-time environment parameters and personnel distribution data, an evacuation path can be adjusted in time according to emergency event development conditions, dangerous areas and congested road sections are avoided, and the accuracy and safety of evacuation guidance are improved; a multi-module cooperative working mode is adopted, emergency lighting, intelligent identification, voice guiding and other guiding modes are combined, the evacuation requirements of different persons are met, the effectiveness of evacuation guiding is improved, and the system is suitable for various complex building scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of emergency evacuation technology, specifically a centralized control type emergency evacuation system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] As buildings become larger and more complex, emergency evacuation becomes increasingly challenging. Traditional emergency evacuation systems often employ fixed-path guidance, failing to dynamically adjust evacuation plans based on real-time emergency conditions. This can easily lead to congestion in evacuation routes or people accidentally entering dangerous areas. Furthermore, existing systems often operate with independent modules, lacking centralized control and coordination, resulting in low emergency response efficiency and difficulty in effectively linking with external emergency command centers. In addition, traditional systems lack precise perception of personnel distribution and environmental changes, resulting in insufficient targeting and reliability of evacuation guidance, failing to meet the actual needs of emergency evacuation in complex buildings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an emergency evacuation system and control method that can be centrally controlled, dynamically adjusted, and precisely guided to improve the safety and efficiency of emergency evacuation.

[0003] Based on this, a centralized control type emergency evacuation system and its control method are designed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above situation and to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a centralized control type emergency evacuation system and its control method, which effectively solves the problem that it is currently difficult to automatically complete water replenishment and drainage according to water level changes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a centralized control emergency evacuation system, the emergency evacuation system comprising:

[0006] Emergency Status Sensing Module: Collects real-time building environmental parameters, personnel distribution data, and equipment operating status data;

[0007] The environmental parameters include smoke concentration, temperature, harmful gas concentration, and light intensity;

[0008] Personnel distribution data includes the number and location information of people in each area;

[0009] Equipment operation status data includes the working status of emergency lighting, evacuation signs, and fire-fighting equipment;

[0010] Centralized decision-making and control module: Receives data transmitted by the emergency state perception module, combines it with the preset building structure information and evacuation route database, generates a dynamic evacuation plan through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and sends control commands to each execution module at the same time;

[0011] Distributed execution module: including emergency lighting control unit, intelligent evacuation sign unit, voice guidance unit and door control unit, responds to the instructions of the centralized decision control module to realize lighting brightness adjustment, sign direction switching, voice prompt broadcast and evacuation passage door unlocking;

[0012] Two-way communication module: Establishes real-time communication between the centralized decision-making and control module, the distributed execution module, and the external emergency command center to transmit control commands, status feedback data, and emergency rescue information;

[0013] Backup power module: When the main power supply is interrupted, it provides continuous power to all modules of the system, ensuring uninterrupted operation of emergency evacuation functions.

[0014] Preferably, the intelligent evacuation sign unit adopts a combination of self-luminous materials and electronic display, supports dynamic direction switching and fault self-checking functions, and can remotely update guidance information through a centralized decision control module;

[0015] The voice guidance unit has a zoned broadcast function, which can play customized prompts according to the evacuation needs of different areas.

[0016] Preferably, the centralized decision control module has a built-in machine learning model that continuously optimizes the evacuation plan generation algorithm by analyzing historical emergency evacuation data, thereby improving the adaptability and effectiveness of the plan.

[0017] The two-way communication module adopts both wired and wireless communication modes to ensure communication stability in emergency situations.

[0018] A control method for a centralized control emergency evacuation system includes the following steps:

[0019] S1: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration

[0020] Preset building structure parameters, including floor layout, evacuation route location, number and location of safety exits, and enter them into the evacuation route database;

[0021] Configure environmental perception thresholds, and set alarm thresholds for smoke concentration, temperature, harmful gas concentration, and personnel density warning thresholds;

[0022] Complete communication connection tests for each module and backup power activation tests;

[0023] S2: Real-time monitoring and status acquisition

[0024] The emergency status sensing module collects environmental parameters, personnel distribution data, and equipment operation status data in real time through sensors deployed in various areas of the building.

[0025] The collected data is preprocessed to remove outliers before being transmitted to the centralized decision control module.

[0026] S3: Emergency Status Assessment and Risk Classification

[0027] After receiving the data, the centralized decision-making and control module compares the environmental parameters with preset thresholds and combines them with personnel distribution data to determine whether an emergency has occurred.

[0028] If it is determined to be an emergency, it will be classified into three levels: general, higher, and severe, based on the scope of risk impact, population density, and environmental hazard level.

[0029] S4: Dynamic Evacuation Plan Generation

[0030] Based on the emergency event level and real-time status data, retrieve basic path information from the evacuation route database;

[0031] By using a multi-objective optimization algorithm, considering path safety, smoothness, and evacuation efficiency, dangerous areas and congested road sections are avoided, and dynamic evacuation path schemes for different areas are generated.

[0032] The plan clearly defines the evacuation directions for people in each area, the priority safety exits to use, and the guidance strategies along the way;

[0033] S5: Command Issuance and Execution Control

[0034] The centralized decision-making and control module sends control commands to the distributed execution module through the two-way communication module;

[0035] The emergency lighting control unit turns on the emergency lighting and adjusts the brightness to the best visibility state; the intelligent evacuation sign unit switches the direction of indication and highlights the recommended route; the voice guidance unit broadcasts evacuation prompts and route guidance information in a loop; and the door control unit unlocks the evacuation passage door and closes the door in irrelevant areas.

[0036] S6: Status Feedback and Solution Adjustment

[0037] The distributed execution module feeds back execution status data to the centralized decision control module in real time;

[0038] The centralized decision-making and control module continuously monitors environmental parameters and personnel movement status. If it finds that the danger zone is expanding, the path is congested, or the equipment is malfunctioning, it will re-optimize the evacuation plan and issue adjustment instructions.

[0039] Simultaneously, the real-time emergency status and evacuation progress will be synchronized to the external emergency command center;

[0040] S7: Evacuation complete and system reset

[0041] Once all personnel have been evacuated to a safe area or the emergency has been resolved, the centralized decision-making and control module receives the evacuation completion signal and issues a system reset command.

[0042] All modules resume normal operation, the backup power supply stops supplying power and switches to main power mode, and the system records the emergency evacuation data and generates a report.

[0043] Preferably, the multi-objective optimization algorithm in step S4 takes the shortest evacuation time, the lowest path risk, and the balanced population density as optimization objectives. It transforms the multi-objective problem into a single-objective optimization problem through a weighted summation method to solve for the optimal evacuation path.

[0044] Preferably, in step S2, the personnel distribution data is obtained through video surveillance analysis, infrared sensing, or positioning terminals carried by personnel, with a data update frequency of no less than once per second to ensure the real-time nature of personnel location information.

[0045] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0046] 1. This invention achieves unified and coordinated control of each module through a centralized decision-making control module, which solves the problem of independent operation and inconsistent response of each module in traditional systems, and improves the coordination and response efficiency of emergency evacuation.

[0047] 2. Based on real-time environmental parameters and personnel distribution data, dynamic evacuation plans are generated, which can adjust evacuation routes in a timely manner according to the development of emergency events, avoid dangerous areas and congested sections, and improve the accuracy and safety of evacuation guidance.

[0048] 3. It adopts a multi-module collaborative working mode, combining emergency lighting, intelligent signs, voice guidance and other guidance methods to meet the evacuation needs of different personnel, improve the effectiveness of evacuation guidance, and is suitable for various complex building scenarios;

[0049] 4. It has two-way communication and backup power supply functions to ensure stable system communication and uninterrupted power supply in emergency situations, avoid evacuation failure due to communication interruption or power failure, and improve the system's reliability and risk resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0050] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0051] In the attached diagram:

[0052] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the centralized control emergency evacuation system of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the centralized control type emergency evacuation system control method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] Depend on Figures 1-2 This invention relates to a centralized control type emergency evacuation system, which includes:

[0056] Emergency Status Awareness Module: Its core function is to comprehensively collect emergency-related data to provide a basis for decision-making. It collects environmental parameters through smoke sensors, temperature sensors, and hazardous gas sensors; obtains personnel distribution data through video analysis equipment, infrared sensors, or positioning terminals; and collects the operating status of equipment such as emergency lighting and evacuation signs through equipment status monitoring sensors, ensuring the comprehensiveness and real-time nature of data collection.

[0057] Centralized decision-making and control module: As the core control unit of the system, it is responsible for receiving and processing sensing data, generating optimized evacuation plans and issuing control commands; it has a built-in database of building structure information and evacuation routes, and combined with multi-objective optimization algorithms and machine learning models, it can dynamically adjust evacuation strategies according to the level of emergency events, and achieve unified coordination and control of various execution modules.

[0058] Distributed execution module: includes multiple functional units that specifically perform evacuation guidance-related operations; emergency lighting control unit ensures sufficient lighting in evacuation routes, intelligent evacuation sign unit provides accurate path guidance, voice guidance unit provides zoned prompts, door control unit ensures unobstructed evacuation routes, and all units work together to complete the evacuation guidance task;

[0059] Two-way communication module: Constructs a stable communication link to realize instruction transmission and status feedback between the centralized decision control module and each execution module, and establishes a communication connection with the external emergency command center to synchronize emergency status and evacuation progress, providing support for external rescue.

[0060] Backup power module: It adopts an uninterruptible power supply design, which automatically switches power supply when the main power supply is interrupted, ensuring the continuous operation of core modules such as emergency state perception module and centralized decision control module, and avoiding system failure due to power failure.

[0061] A control method for a centralized control emergency evacuation system includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration

[0063] Pre-enter structural parameters such as building floor layout, evacuation route locations, and safety exit distribution to establish an evacuation route database and clarify the basic evacuation routes for each area. Based on the building's usage and safety standards, set alarm thresholds for environmental parameters such as smoke concentration and temperature, as well as early warning thresholds for population density, to avoid misjudgments or missed detections of emergency events. Complete communication connection tests for all system modules to ensure smooth data transmission, and simultaneously test the activation response speed and power supply duration of the backup power supply to ensure its reliability and availability.

[0064] S2: Real-time monitoring and status acquisition

[0065] After the emergency status perception module is activated, each sensor continuously collects environmental parameters, personnel distribution data, and equipment operating status data. The collected data is filtered to remove outliers caused by sensor malfunctions, ensuring data accuracy. A high-frequency data transmission mode is used to send the processed data to the centralized decision control module in real time, ensuring the timeliness of decision-making.

[0066] S3: Emergency Status Assessment and Risk Classification

[0067] After receiving the data, the centralized decision-making and control module compares the environmental parameters with preset thresholds and combines them with personnel distribution data to determine whether an emergency event such as a fire or a hazardous gas leak has occurred. If the environmental parameters do not exceed the thresholds and the personnel distribution is normal, it is determined to be a non-emergency state, and the system maintains routine monitoring. If the environmental parameters exceed the thresholds or an abnormal situation occurs, it is determined to be an emergency event. Based on the scope of risk impact, personnel density, and environmental hazard level, the emergency event is classified into general, higher, and severe levels to provide a basis for the subsequent evacuation plan.

[0068] S4: Dynamic Evacuation Plan Generation

[0069] For different levels of emergency events, basic evacuation route information is retrieved from the evacuation route database. A multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to optimize and adjust the basic evacuation routes, taking into account factors such as the location of dangerous areas, the capacity of evacuation channels, and the speed of personnel movement, in order to avoid dangerous areas and potentially congested road sections. Customized evacuation route plans are generated for personnel in different areas, specifying the evacuation direction, priority safety exits, precautions along the way, and the location of emergency facilities.

[0070] S5: Command Issuance and Execution Control

[0071] The centralized decision-making and control module sends control commands to each unit of the distributed execution module through the two-way communication module; the emergency lighting control unit immediately turns on the emergency lighting and adjusts the brightness to meet the visibility requirements for evacuation, ensuring that evacuation routes are clearly visible; the intelligent evacuation sign unit switches the direction of indication, highlights the recommended evacuation route, and turns off signs pointing to dangerous areas; the voice guidance unit broadcasts evacuation prompts, route guidance information, and safety precautions in a loop according to the evacuation plan for each area, achieving precise guidance for each zone; the door control unit automatically unlocks the doors on the evacuation route and closes doors in areas unrelated to evacuation, preventing people from accidentally entering dangerous areas or disrupting the evacuation order.

[0072] S6: Status Feedback and Solution Adjustment

[0073] During the execution of instructions, the distributed execution module collects its own operational status data in real time, such as the brightness of emergency lighting and the indication status of evacuation signs, and feeds it back to the centralized decision control module. The centralized decision control module continuously monitors changes in environmental parameters and personnel movement. If it detects an expansion of the danger zone, congestion of evacuation routes, or equipment failure, it immediately calls back the multi-objective optimization algorithm, adjusts the evacuation route plan, updates control instructions, and sends them to each execution module. At the same time, it synchronizes the real-time emergency status, personnel evacuation progress, and equipment operation status to the external emergency command center through the two-way communication module, providing a reference for the deployment of external rescue forces.

[0074] S7: Evacuation complete and system reset

[0075] By using personnel location data or sensors at safety exits, the system determines whether all personnel have been evacuated to a safe area. Once it is confirmed that all personnel have been evacuated, or the emergency has been brought under control and resolved, the centralized decision-making control module receives the evacuation completion signal or emergency termination signal and issues a system reset command. Each execution module ceases its emergency operation mode, emergency lighting is turned off or switched to regular lighting, evacuation signs are restored to basic guidance status, and doors return to normal locking mode. The backup power supply stops supplying power and switches to main power mode. The system automatically records all data from the entire emergency evacuation process, including the time of the emergency, changes in environmental parameters, evacuation plan details, evacuation duration, and equipment operating status, generating an emergency evacuation report to provide data support for subsequent system optimization and safety management.

[0076] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0077] A centralized control emergency evacuation system is applied to a large commercial complex. The system includes:

[0078] Emergency Status Awareness Module: Smoke sensors, temperature sensors, and hazardous gas sensors are deployed in key areas such as each floor of the commercial complex, evacuation routes, power distribution rooms, and fire control rooms to collect environmental parameters in real time; video surveillance equipment and infrared sensors are installed in public areas and stairwells of the mall, and combined with customer mobile phone location authorization (automatically activated in emergency situations), the number and location information of people in each area are obtained; status monitoring sensors are installed on equipment such as emergency lighting, evacuation signs, and fire doors to collect equipment operation status data;

[0079] Centralized Decision Control Module: This module incorporates structural information such as the floor layout of the commercial complex, the location of evacuation routes, the distribution of safety exits, and the location of fire-fighting facilities, establishing an evacuation route database. It employs multi-objective optimization algorithms and machine learning models to optimize the generation logic of evacuation plans by analyzing historical evacuation data. It receives data from the emergency status perception module, determines the emergency status in real time, generates dynamic evacuation plans, and sends control commands to each execution module.

[0080] Distributed execution modules: The emergency lighting control unit controls the emergency lighting in each evacuation route and stairwell of the commercial complex, supporting brightness adjustment; the intelligent evacuation sign unit is installed in floor corridors, stairwells, etc., using self-illuminating electronic display signs, supporting dynamic direction switching and fault self-diagnosis; the voice guidance unit is equipped with speakers on each floor and in each area, supporting zoned broadcasting; the door control unit connects to the fire doors and safety doors on the evacuation routes of the commercial complex, realizing automatic unlocking and closing control;

[0081] Two-way communication module: It adopts a dual mode of wired Ethernet and wireless LoRa communication to ensure the transmission of instructions and status feedback between the centralized decision control module and each execution module. At the same time, it establishes a communication connection with the city emergency command center through 4G / 5G network to synchronize emergency status and evacuation progress.

[0082] Backup power module: It adopts UPS uninterruptible power supply, which is automatically activated within 10 milliseconds after the main power is interrupted, and provides continuous power supply to the core equipment of the emergency state perception module, centralized decision control module and distributed execution module, ensuring that the system can run continuously for at least 2 hours.

[0083] The specific implementation steps of the control method of this system are as follows:

[0084] S1: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration

[0085] Enter the floor plan of each floor of the commercial complex, specify the width and length of evacuation routes, the number and location of safety exits, establish an evacuation route database, and set basic evacuation routes for each area; according to fire protection regulations, set the smoke concentration alarm threshold to 0.1 mg / m³, the temperature alarm threshold to 60℃, and the personnel density warning threshold to 0.5 people / m²; complete the communication connection test of each module of the system to ensure that both wired and wireless communication can transmit data normally, test the activation response speed and power supply duration of the backup power supply, and confirm that the backup power supply meets the requirement of 2 hours of continuous power supply;

[0086] S2: Real-time monitoring and status acquisition

[0087] After the emergency status perception module is activated, each sensor collects environmental parameters, personnel distribution data, and equipment operating status data every second; the collected data is filtered to remove abnormal values ​​that exceed the normal range, such as smoke concentration suddenly being 0 or data far exceeding the reasonable range; the processed valid data is sent to the centralized decision control module in real time through the two-way communication module.

[0088] S3: Emergency Status Assessment and Risk Classification

[0089] After receiving the data, the centralized decision control module found that the smoke concentration on a certain floor reached 0.3 mg / m³, exceeding the preset alarm threshold, and the personnel density on that floor was 0.8 people / m², exceeding the personnel density warning threshold, and determined it to be an emergency event. Based on the smoke diffusion range (which has affected two fire compartments on this floor), personnel density, and temperature data (which has not exceeded the temperature alarm threshold), the emergency event was classified as a higher level.

[0090] S4: Dynamic Evacuation Plan Generation

[0091] The system retrieves the basic evacuation routes for the current and adjacent floors from the evacuation route database. Using a multi-objective optimization algorithm, it comprehensively considers factors such as smoke diffusion direction, evacuation passage capacity, and personnel movement speed to generate an optimized evacuation plan. It plans evacuation routes for personnel in the smoke-affected area to avoid the smoke diffusion direction, recommending the use of the two closest and unaffected safety exits. It also plans evacuation routes for personnel on adjacent floors to avoid cross-congestion. Finally, it clarifies the recommended evacuation order and movement speed for personnel in each area.

[0092] S5: Command Issuance and Execution Control

[0093] The centralized decision-making control module sends control commands to the distributed execution module; the emergency lighting control unit immediately turns on the emergency lighting in the evacuation routes of this floor and adjacent floors, adjusting the brightness to 300 lux; the intelligent evacuation sign unit switches the direction of indication, highlighting the recommended safety exit direction and turning off the signs pointing to the smoke-affected area; the voice guidance unit broadcasts "Smoke alarm ahead, please immediately follow the signs and evacuate through the XX safety exit" in the smoke-affected area, and broadcasts "An emergency has occurred in the adjacent area, please remain calm and evacuate in an orderly manner following the signs" in adjacent floors; the door control unit automatically unlocks the fire doors on the evacuation routes of this floor and adjacent floors, and closes the doors leading to the smoke-affected area;

[0094] S6: Status Feedback and Solution Adjustment

[0095] The distributed execution module provides real-time feedback on the execution status. The emergency lighting control unit reports that the emergency lighting is on and the brightness meets the standard. The intelligent evacuation sign unit reports that the direction switching is complete. The voice guidance unit reports that the broadcast is normal. The centralized decision control module continuously monitors and finds that the smoke concentration is gradually increasing and has a tendency to spread to the third fire compartment. It immediately re-optimizes the evacuation plan, adjusts the evacuation route of the fire compartment, updates the intelligent evacuation sign guidance and voice broadcast content, and synchronizes the smoke spread situation and evacuation adjustment plan to the city emergency command center.

[0096] S7: Evacuation complete and system reset

[0097] Confirmed by video surveillance and safety exit sensors, all personnel on the affected floor and adjacent floors have been evacuated to a safe area, the emergency is under control, and the smoke concentration has gradually decreased to normal levels. The centralized decision-making and control module receives the evacuation completion signal and issues a system reset command; all execution modules return to normal operation, emergency lighting switches to normal lighting mode, intelligent evacuation signs resume basic guidance, voice announcements cease, and doors return to their normal locked state; backup power switches to main power mode, and the system records data such as the time of the emergency evacuation, changes in smoke concentration, number of evacuees, and adjustments to evacuation routes, generating an emergency evacuation report.

Claims

1. A centralized control type emergency evacuation system, characterized in that: The emergency evacuation system includes: Emergency Status Sensing Module: Collects real-time building environmental parameters, personnel distribution data, and equipment operating status data; The environmental parameters include smoke concentration, temperature, harmful gas concentration, and light intensity; Personnel distribution data includes the number and location information of people in each area; Equipment operation status data includes the working status of emergency lighting, evacuation signs, and fire-fighting equipment; Centralized decision-making and control module: Receives data transmitted by the emergency state perception module, combines it with the preset building structure information and evacuation route database, generates a dynamic evacuation plan through a multi-objective optimization algorithm, and sends control commands to each execution module at the same time; Distributed execution module: including emergency lighting control unit, intelligent evacuation sign unit, voice guidance unit and door control unit, responds to the instructions of the centralized decision control module to realize lighting brightness adjustment, sign direction switching, voice prompt broadcast and evacuation passage door unlocking; Two-way communication module: Establishes real-time communication between the centralized decision-making and control module, the distributed execution module, and the external emergency command center to transmit control commands, status feedback data, and emergency rescue information; Backup power module: When the main power supply is interrupted, it provides continuous power to all modules of the system, ensuring uninterrupted operation of emergency evacuation functions.

2. The centralized control type emergency evacuation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent evacuation sign unit adopts a combination of self-luminous materials and electronic display, supports dynamic direction switching and fault self-checking functions, and can remotely update guidance information through a centralized decision control module. The voice guidance unit has a zoned broadcast function, which can play customized prompts according to the evacuation needs of different areas.

3. The centralized control type emergency evacuation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centralized decision-making and control module has a built-in machine learning model that continuously optimizes the evacuation plan generation algorithm by analyzing historical emergency evacuation data, thereby improving the adaptability and effectiveness of the plan. The two-way communication module adopts both wired and wireless communication modes to ensure communication stability in emergency situations.

4. A control method for a centralized control emergency evacuation system, used in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: System Initialization and Parameter Configuration Preset building structure parameters, including floor layout, evacuation route location, number and location of safety exits, and enter them into the evacuation route database; Configure environmental perception thresholds, and set alarm thresholds for smoke concentration, temperature, harmful gas concentration, and personnel density warning thresholds; Complete communication connection tests for each module and backup power activation tests; S2: Real-time monitoring and status acquisition The emergency status sensing module collects environmental parameters, personnel distribution data, and equipment operation status data in real time through sensors deployed in various areas of the building. The collected data is preprocessed to remove outliers before being transmitted to the centralized decision control module. S3: Emergency Status Assessment and Risk Classification After receiving the data, the centralized decision-making and control module compares the environmental parameters with preset thresholds and combines them with personnel distribution data to determine whether an emergency has occurred. If it is determined to be an emergency, it will be classified into three levels: general, higher, and severe, based on the scope of risk impact, population density, and environmental hazard level. S4: Dynamic Evacuation Plan Generation Based on the emergency event level and real-time status data, retrieve basic path information from the evacuation route database; By using a multi-objective optimization algorithm, considering path safety, smoothness, and evacuation efficiency, dangerous areas and congested road sections are avoided, and dynamic evacuation path schemes for different areas are generated. The plan clearly defines the evacuation directions for people in each area, the priority safety exits to use, and the guidance strategies along the way; S5: Command Issuance and Execution Control The centralized decision-making and control module sends control commands to the distributed execution module through the two-way communication module; The emergency lighting control unit turns on the emergency lighting and adjusts the brightness to the best visibility state; the intelligent evacuation sign unit switches the direction of indication and highlights the recommended route; the voice guidance unit broadcasts evacuation prompts and route guidance information in a loop; and the door control unit unlocks the evacuation passage door and closes the door in irrelevant areas. S6: Status Feedback and Solution Adjustment The distributed execution module feeds back execution status data to the centralized decision control module in real time; The centralized decision-making and control module continuously monitors environmental parameters and personnel movement status. If it finds that the danger zone is expanding, the path is congested, or the equipment is malfunctioning, it will re-optimize the evacuation plan and issue adjustment instructions. Simultaneously, the real-time emergency status and evacuation progress will be synchronized to the external emergency command center; S7: Evacuation complete and system reset Once all personnel have been evacuated to a safe area or the emergency has been resolved, the centralized decision-making and control module receives the evacuation completion signal and issues a system reset command. All modules resume normal operation, the backup power supply stops supplying power and switches to main power mode, and the system records the emergency evacuation data and generates a report.

5. The control method for a centralized control type emergency evacuation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The multi-objective optimization algorithm in step S4 takes the shortest evacuation time, the lowest path risk, and the balanced population density as optimization objectives. It transforms the multi-objective problem into a single-objective optimization problem through a weighted summation method to solve for the optimal evacuation path.

6. A centralized control type emergency evacuation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, personnel distribution data is obtained through video surveillance analysis, infrared sensing, or positioning terminals carried by personnel. The data update frequency is no less than once per second to ensure the real-time nature of personnel location information.

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