High formwork real-time monitoring and management system and method for constructional engineering

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-formwork real-time monitoring management system and method for building engineering, and relates to the technical field of building monitoring, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a dynamic construction action set related to the real-time construction state change of a high-formwork system based on first data of site construction; performing structured analysis on the dynamic construction action set, and identifying a structure change event; according to the construction change event, generating a formwork structure state model; based on the formwork structure state model, identifying nodes with changed stress paths in the structure, a structure weak part set and a key stress position set, and generating a monitoring object set; generating a monitoring range adjustment scheme according to the monitoring object set, obtaining a monitoring update instruction, and pushing synchronization information based on the monitoring update instruction; the real-time synchronous updating of the monitored object and the actual construction state is realized, and the problems that the monitoring range is fixed and the risk cannot be automatically identified and the monitoring layout cannot be timely adjusted along with the dynamic change of the construction are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building monitoring technology, and more specifically, to a real-time monitoring and management system and method for high-formwork construction projects. Background Technology

[0002] As a temporary load-bearing structure with extremely high risk during construction, the stability and stress state of high-formwork systems continuously change with various factors such as construction progress, material loading, and component installation and removal. To reduce the risk of instability in high-formwork systems, the engineering field commonly employs monitoring equipment such as displacement sensors, inclinometers, and axial force gauges to dynamically monitor the mechanical response at key locations of the formwork system. Simultaneously, regular inspections by on-site management personnel supplement monitoring methods to detect potential structural anomalies. However, existing monitoring technologies primarily rely on fixed-point deployment and pre-defined monitoring ranges. The monitoring objects and areas are determined based on the pre-construction structural layout and design model, lacking the ability to automatically adjust the monitoring range according to dynamic changes during construction.

[0003] In actual construction, the structural state of a high-support formwork system is highly dependent on the construction sequence and operational actions, such as the installation and dismantling of formwork, the movement of uprights, the reinforcement and loosening of the support system, and changes in the load placement. These construction actions often cause immediate changes in the topology of the formwork system, the support relationships of components, and the force path, directly affecting the location of weak points and critical stress nodes in the formwork system. However, existing technologies generally lack the ability to structurally identify dynamic behaviors at the construction site, cannot automatically extract structural change events from construction data, and cannot link events with the structural model in real time, thus making it difficult for monitoring systems to reflect real-time stress changes at the construction site.

[0004] Furthermore, existing monitoring methods mostly rely on data from fixed monitoring points for analysis, typically monitoring only a small number of pre-set key locations. This makes it impossible to promptly identify emerging risks such as shifts in stress paths, the appearance of localized weak sections, and changes in critical stress nodes caused by construction activities. When operations such as support dismantling, component relocation, or load concentration occur at the construction site, the original monitoring targets may no longer be located in the areas with the highest actual risk, while newly emerging weak areas lack monitoring coverage. This results in problems such as delayed risk identification and low efficiency in the utilization of monitoring resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a real-time monitoring and management system and method for high-formwork construction projects. By constructing a closed-loop mechanism of construction action analysis, structural event identification, structural state modeling, weak stress zone location, and dynamic adjustment of monitoring range, the system achieves real-time synchronous updates between the monitored object and the actual construction status. This effectively solves the problems in the prior art where the monitoring range is fixed and the monitoring layout cannot be automatically identified and adjusted in a timely manner in response to dynamic changes in construction.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: Firstly, this application provides a method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork systems in building engineering. The method includes: acquiring a dynamic set of construction actions based on first data from on-site construction regarding real-time structural state changes in the high-formwork system; performing structured analysis on the dynamic set of construction actions to identify structural change events that cause changes in the topology of the formwork system; generating a formwork structure state model synchronized with the site based on the structural change events; identifying nodes where the force path changes, sets of weak structural parts, and sets of key stress locations in the structure based on the formwork structure state model, and generating a set of monitoring objects; generating a monitoring range adjustment scheme based on the set of monitoring objects, obtaining monitoring update instructions, and pushing synchronized information based on the monitoring update instructions.

[0007] In one embodiment, based on the first data from on-site construction, a dynamic set of construction actions regarding the real-time structural state changes of the high-formwork system is obtained. Specifically, the first data is processed with a unified timestamp and arranged sequentially according to the collection time to form a time-series dataset. Based on the time-series dataset, each data point is analyzed to form a component and a construction object association model is established. According to the construction object association model, the original event set is extracted by comparing the differences between the current state of the component and the historical state. Based on the original event set, each event is decomposed into a construction action unit to form a construction action unit set. A dynamic construction action chain is constructed using the construction action unit set. Based on the dynamic construction action chain, all action units contained in the action chain are structurally integrated to generate a dynamic construction action set, which includes the action trigger, the action application location, the action content, the acting component, and the action occurrence time.

[0008] In one embodiment, a dynamic construction action chain is constructed using a set of construction action units. Specifically, based on the set of construction action units, each construction action unit is arranged sequentially according to the time of action occurrence to form a time-seriesd action unit set. Based on the time-seriesd action unit set, the continuity and dependency between actions are analyzed using preset analysis rules to obtain continuity analysis results. Based on the continuity analysis results, a preliminary action chain is constructed. The preliminary action chain is then logically optimized to generate a dynamic construction action chain.

[0009] In one embodiment, a structured analysis is performed on the dynamic construction action set to identify structural change events that cause changes in the topology of the formwork system. Specifically, based on the dynamic construction action set, semantic structured analysis is performed on each construction action unit record to generate a structured action record set; based on the structured action record set, the component influence range of each construction action unit is determined to obtain a component influence range set; based on the component influence range set, the construction action units are classified by influence type to obtain a classification result set; based on the classification result set, a structural change trigger judgment is performed on each construction action unit to generate a preliminary judgment set of structural change events; based on the preliminary judgment set, the topology changes of the formwork system are analyzed to generate a topology change event set; based on the topology change event set, the final structural change event is generated.

[0010] In one embodiment, based on a preliminary judgment set, the topological changes of the formwork system are analyzed to generate a set of topological change events. Specifically, based on the preliminary judgment set, the set of components affecting each event is extracted, and a set of component states is constructed by combining the component attribute table and connection relationship matrix of the formwork system. Based on the component state set, changes in topological nodes are identified to obtain a set of topological node changes containing information on node additions, deletions, and movements. Based on the set of topological node changes and the connection relationship matrix, changes in topological edges are identified to generate a set of topological edge changes. Through the set of topological edge changes, changes in the topological structure of the formwork system are determined, and the topological change determination result corresponding to each construction change event is output. Based on the topological change determination results, topological change event records are generated for all events determined to cause changes in the topological structure and integrated to form a set of topological change events.

[0011] In one embodiment, a formwork structure state model synchronized with the site is generated based on construction change events. Specifically, this involves: obtaining an initial reference baseline formwork structure model; matching each construction change event according to a preset event-model mapping rule; generating a set of model operation instructions based on the matching results; performing incremental updates on the baseline formwork structure model according to the set of model operation instructions to obtain an updated structure state model; performing a consistency check based on the updated structure state model; and generating a formwork structure state model based on the model that passes the check.

[0012] In one embodiment, based on the formwork structure state model, nodes where the force path changes, sets of weak structural parts, and sets of key stress locations in the structure are identified, and a set of monitoring objects is generated. Specifically, based on the formwork structure state model, a set of structural data for stress analysis is extracted; based on the structural data set, a current structural force path diagram is constructed according to the connection relationship between nodes and components; the current structural force path diagram is compared with historical force path diagrams to obtain nodes with changing forces; based on the nodes with changing forces, sets of weak structural parts are identified; based on the set of weak structural parts, the force contribution of nodes within the range of adjacent nodes of the weak parts is obtained, and key stress nodes and key stress components are identified based on the node force contribution; a set of key stress locations is generated based on the key stress nodes and key stress components; the set of nodes with changing forces, sets of weak structural parts, and sets of key stress locations are merged to construct an initial candidate set of monitoring objects; monitoring object screening and priority sorting are performed on the initial candidate set of monitoring objects to obtain the final set of monitoring objects.

[0013] In one embodiment, a set of structurally weak points is identified based on the nodes experiencing force changes. Specifically, this involves: constructing a node force change vector field using the node force vector of each node as vector elements, and generating a local force gradient matrix based on the difference between the node force vectors; tracking the nodes along the direction of maximum gradient based on the local force gradient matrix to obtain a set of force change paths; obtaining the energy index of the weak section of each path based on the set of force change paths; clustering all force change paths based on the energy index of the weak section, and clustering paths with weak section energy indices higher than a preset threshold based on spatial proximity, node connectivity, and consistency of force change direction to form a set of structurally weak points.

[0014] In one embodiment, a monitoring range adjustment plan is generated based on the set of monitored objects, and a monitoring update instruction is obtained. Based on the monitoring update instruction, synchronization information is pushed. Specifically, the following steps are taken: a preliminary set of monitoring areas is constructed according to preset monitoring area generation rules based on the spatial coordinates and topological adjacency relationships of each monitored object in the monitoring object set; the monitoring resource requirements of each area are obtained based on the preliminary set of monitoring areas; the monitoring resource requirements are matched with the number of available monitoring devices and installation restrictions to obtain a set of monitoring areas; a monitoring range adjustment plan is formed based on the set of monitoring areas; the monitoring range adjustment plan is converted into a standardized monitoring update instruction; a synchronization information package is generated based on the monitoring update instruction, and the synchronization information is pushed to the supervision end, construction management end, and project safety management end.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides a real-time monitoring and management system for high-formwork structures in building engineering. The system includes: an action set acquisition module, used to acquire a dynamic set of construction actions related to real-time structural state changes of the high-formwork system based on first-time on-site construction data; an event recognition module, used to perform structured analysis on the dynamic construction action set to identify structural change events that cause changes in the topology of the formwork system; a model building module, used to generate a formwork structure state model synchronized with the site based on the structural change events; a monitoring object generation module, used to identify nodes where the force path changes, sets of weak structural parts, and sets of key stress locations in the structure based on the formwork structure state model, and generate a monitoring object set; and an instruction generation module, used to generate a monitoring range adjustment scheme based on the monitoring object set, obtain monitoring update instructions, and push synchronization information based on the monitoring update instructions.

[0016] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiments of this application have the following advantages: By linking dynamic data from the construction site with the formwork structure model in real time, a closed-loop management process from "action recognition—event analysis—structural update—stress diagnosis—monitoring adjustment" is realized. It can instantly capture the impact on the topology and stress path of the formwork system when any construction stage such as component installation, dismantling, or movement occurs. Furthermore, it can accurately identify weak points and key stress locations based on stress changes, making the monitoring objects targeted and engineering significant. At the same time, through the automatic generation of monitoring range adjustment schemes and monitoring update instructions, it realizes intelligent allocation of monitoring resources and synchronous updates of on-site management, significantly improving the timeliness of risk warning, accuracy of monitoring deployment, and safety control capabilities of the high-formwork system. It has comprehensive advantages such as strong real-time performance, high adaptability, good reliability, and strong engineering feasibility. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring and management method for high formwork in building engineering, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring and management system for high formwork in building engineering, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, this invention provides a flowchart of a real-time monitoring and management method for high-formwork structures in building engineering, comprising the following steps: S1, based on the first data of on-site construction, obtain a dynamic set of construction actions regarding the real-time structural status changes of the high formwork system. The first data includes on-site construction operation records, structural component movement information, reinforcement or dismantling operation information implemented on the high formwork system, and construction plan change information.

[0021] In this embodiment, based on the first data from on-site construction, a dynamic set of construction actions regarding the real-time structural state changes of the high-formwork system is obtained, specifically: The first data is processed with a unified timestamp, and the data is arranged in order according to the collection time to form a time series dataset that reflects the sequence of on-site operations. Based on the time series dataset, the component identification field, operation object identification field and action keywords are parsed from each data record, and the association between construction actions and corresponding high-support formwork components is established to form a construction object association model that can describe the correspondence between action objects. The construction object association model describes the relationship between on-site construction actions and various components in the high-support formwork system. Based on parsed fields, an "action-component" correspondence is constructed, with nodes formed by component numbers and edges formed by action objects, generating a graph-based model. Each construction action corresponds to a specific formwork component or group of components. The model connects actions with affected components through nodes and edges, maintaining temporal sequence and logical dependencies, thus reflecting the impact of construction actions on the structural state.

[0022] Based on the construction object association model, the original event set is extracted by comparing the difference between the current state of the component and the historical state. The original event set includes position offset, stress increase, reinforcement adjustment or demolition. Based on the original event set, each event is decomposed into an independently describable construction action unit according to the time sequence of the events and the attributes of the components involved. The construction action unit includes the action triggerer, the location where the action is applied, the time of the action, and the specific content of the action, forming a set of construction action units with controllable action granularity. Specifically, the complex event is broken down into single-component behaviors according to the number of components involved; the action triggerer is determined based on the operator number contained in the event; the action application location is extracted according to the type of operation object; and the specific content of the action is parsed from the action keywords.

[0023] By using a set of construction action units, a dynamic construction action chain that reflects changes in the construction process is constructed to describe the action path that causes real-time changes in the structural state of the high formwork system during construction. Based on the dynamic construction action chain, all action units contained in the action chain are structurally integrated to generate a dynamic construction action set that characterizes the real-time structural state changes of the high formwork system. The dynamic construction action set includes the action triggerer, the action application location, the action content, the acting component, and the action occurrence time.

[0024] It should be noted that by systematically processing, parsing, and mapping the initial data from on-site construction onto the high-formwork components, a construction object association model is formed. Further, real component state change events are extracted, decomposed into action units, and a dynamic construction action chain is constructed, ultimately generating a structured set of dynamic construction actions. This achieves full-process tracking and dynamic mapping between construction actions and the state of the formwork structure. The advantages of this approach are: it can reflect the specific impact of each action on the formwork system in real time, enabling the monitoring system to synchronously update the state of key components and optimize the monitoring range. Simultaneously, it provides traceable and structured construction action information, offering comprehensive, continuous, and operable support for construction safety management and decision-making, significantly improving the safety and management efficiency of the entire high-formwork construction process.

[0025] Furthermore, by setting up sets of construction action units, a dynamic construction action chain reflecting changes in the construction process is constructed, specifically as follows: Based on the set of construction action units, the construction action units are arranged sequentially according to the time of occurrence of the action to form a time-seriesd action unit set; Based on the time-seriesd action unit set, the continuity and dependency between actions are analyzed through preset analysis rules to obtain continuity analysis results, which include identifiers of connectable nodes. The pre-defined analysis rules are as follows: adjacent action units acting on the same component or interconnected component groups are considered to satisfy continuity. That is, when two adjacent construction action units are adjacent in time and their acting component numbers are the same, or although they act on different components, these components form a direct or indirect structural connection in the formwork system through node connection, rod connection, or support relationship, it indicates that the subsequent action does not occur independently, but continues to affect the same stress unit based on the structural state changed by the previous action. Such actions will produce superposition or transmission effects at the structural level, forming continuous changes to the component's stress, constraint conditions, or connection relationships. Therefore, they are regarded as the same continuous construction process in the action chain construction process. Action units that have a direct dependency relationship in the construction procedure are marked as satisfying the dependency condition. Action units that satisfy the continuity or dependency condition are marked as connectable node identifiers.

[0026] Based on the results of the continuity analysis, a preliminary action chain is constructed, where nodes represent individual construction action units and edges represent the temporal sequence relationship or logical dependency relationship between action units. The initial action chain is logically optimized to generate a dynamic construction action chain.

[0027] The logic optimization involves merging duplicate or redundant action nodes and adjusting the direction of edges to ensure that the action sequence is consistent with the construction process.

[0028] S2 performs structured analysis on the set of dynamic construction actions to identify structural change events that lead to changes in the topology of the formwork system.

[0029] In this embodiment, the dynamic construction action set is analyzed in a structured manner to identify the structural change events that lead to changes in the topology of the formwork system, specifically: Based on the dynamic set of construction actions, semantic structure parsing is performed on each construction action unit record to generate a set of structured action records; The semantic structured parsing includes: mapping action content to standardized action types based on a preset action keyword dictionary, where standardized action types include moving, installing, connecting, disconnecting, adjusting, reinforcing, and dismantling; determining the target component or component group corresponding to the action based on a mapping table between the applied part field and the component number; determining the operation mode of the action based on a preset action type mapping table, including adding, reducing, and changing direction; and labeling the action with construction stage tags, work group tags, and dependencies of preceding actions based on the action triggerer and action time; thereby generating a set of structured action records containing action type, applied component, operation mode, and context tags.

[0030] Based on the structured action record set, the component influence range of each construction action unit is determined, resulting in a component influence range set including the directly affected components, related components, and extended affected components of each construction action unit. Specifically, for each construction action unit, the influence range of its components is determined as follows: based on the action's component field, the directly acting components are determined, i.e., the components directly affected by the action; associated components that have a connection relationship with the directly acting components (node ​​connection, rod connection, support connection); according to the preset mechanical dependence model, if the force path of the associated component is transmitted through the directly acting component, then the component is included in the extended influence components. The preset mechanical dependence model is used to quantify the dependence relationship between different components in the force transmission process. Specifically, it means: based on the component attribute table and connection matrix of the formwork system, the formwork system is abstracted into a force transmission network, with components as force-bearing edges and nodes as force-bearing nodes. When a construction action directly acts on the target component, the force path position of the component in the force transmission network is first determined, and the path is extended to adjacent components along the force direction of the component according to the connection matrix. For each adjacent component, it is calculated whether its force is transmitted through the directly acting component. Specifically, this is determined by comparing the force change ratio of the component without a directly acting component and with a directly acting component. This ratio is represented by the ratio of the internal force component transmitted by the directly acting component to its total internal force. This ratio is defined as the mechanical dependence and compared with a preset dependence threshold. When the mechanical dependence is greater than the threshold, it is determined that the component has a significant mechanical dependence on the directly acting component, thus including it in the extended influence components.

[0031] Based on the set of influence ranges of components, the construction action units are classified by influence type to obtain a set of classification results. The set of classification results includes location change category, connection change category, reinforcement and adjustment category, and component removal category. Among them, if the action type is movement, translation, lifting, positioning, or offset, and the application location is a node position, it is determined to be a position change type; if the action method is installation, disassembly, locking, or disconnection, and involves the addition or reduction of component connection nodes, it is determined to be a connection change type; if the action method is adjustment, fastening, adding, or replacing support components, it is determined to be a reinforcement and adjustment type; if the action type is removal, overall disassembly, or failure replacement, and causes the component to no longer participate in the system's stress, it is determined to be a component removal type.

[0032] Based on the classification result set, structural change trigger judgment is performed on each construction action unit to generate a preliminary judgment set of structural change events. The preliminary judgment set includes position offset events, connection change events, reinforcement adjustment events, and component removal events. Specifically, if the position of a component node changes beyond a preset spatial offset threshold, a position offset event is triggered; if the connection relationship changes from "connected" to "disconnected" or vice versa, a connection change event is triggered; if the constraint method, support stiffness, or reinforcement measures of a component change, a reinforcement adjustment event is triggered; and if a component is removed or loses its load-bearing capacity, a component removal event is triggered.

[0033] Based on the preliminary judgment set of structural change events, the topological changes of the support system are analyzed to generate a set of topological change events; Based on the set of topology change events, a final construction change event is generated. The final construction change event includes the event type, the triggering action unit identifier, the set of affected components, the topology change type, the topology change node and edge information, and the event occurrence time.

[0034] Furthermore, based on the preliminary judgment set of structural change events, the topological changes of the support system are analyzed to generate a set of topological change events, specifically: Based on the preliminary judgment set, extract the set of components that affect each event, and construct a set of component states containing the components that affect the event and their associated components by combining the component attribute table and connection relationship matrix of the support system. The generation method of the component attribute table of the formwork system includes: extracting attributes including component number, component type, geometric dimensions, node coordinates, material parameters and standard connection methods based on construction design drawings, BIM model or formwork system erection scheme, storing the attributes according to the component number index, and forming a queryable component attribute table; the construction method of the connection relationship matrix includes: establishing connection pairs between components based on the node coordinates and design connection methods in the component attribute table; if two components share nodes in spatial location or form a force transmission path through connectors, the corresponding position in the matrix is ​​recorded as 1, otherwise it is 0; the connection relationship between components is represented by a two-dimensional matrix or sparse graph structure to form a connection relationship matrix.

[0035] By combining the component attribute table and connection relationship matrix of the formwork system, a set of component states associated with events can be constructed. It can be understood that the directly acting component is determined by the component number corresponding to the event trigger action; the component with a value of 1 in the connection relationship matrix that has a direct component is identified as an associated component; and the component that has a mechanical dependency relationship with the direct component or associated component is an extended influence component, thus forming a set of component states.

[0036] Based on the component state set, identify topology node changes and obtain a set of topology node changes that includes information on node additions, node deletions, and node movements. Among them, if an event causes a new component to be added, a node addition record is generated; if an event causes a component to be removed or fail, a node deletion record is generated; if an event causes the node coordinates of a component to deviate beyond a preset threshold, a node movement record is generated.

[0037] According to the topological node change set and the connection relationship matrix, identify the changes in topological edges, and generate a topological edge change set; Among them, the topological edge change set is as follows: if a new component connection is formed due to a new node, it is recorded as a new topological edge; if an event causes an existing connection relationship to be disconnected or a component to fail, it is recorded as a deleted topological edge; if a node movement causes a change in connection attributes (including changes in edge direction, length, or force path), it is recorded as a change in topological edge attributes.

[0038] Based on the topological edge change set, determine the topological structure change of the formwork support system, and output the topological change determination result corresponding to each construction change event; Among them, determining the topological structure change of the formwork support system specifically means: if a new, deletion, or movement event appears in the node change set, it is determined that the topological structure has changed; if the topological edge change set contains new, deletion, or attribute change events, it is determined that the topological structure has changed; if both the node change and the edge change are empty, it is determined that this construction change event does not cause a topological change.

[0039] According to the topological change determination result, generate topological change event records for all events determined to cause topological structure changes and integrate them to form a topological change event set. The topological change event record includes an event trigger action identifier, an affected component set, topological node change information, topological edge change information, a topological change type, and the event occurrence time.

[0040] It should be noted that through semantic structured parsing of dynamic construction actions, identification of component influence ranges, determination of influence types, and topological change analysis, the automatic identification of construction change events that cause topological structure changes in the formwork support system is achieved. The benefits are as follows: it can capture key structural change nodes during the construction process with high precision and continuously, timely discover potential risks in the node position, connection relationship, force path, and component integrity of the formwork support system, and achieve real-time linkage monitoring from the action layer to the structure layer; at the same time, through topological analysis supported by the component attribute table and the connection relationship matrix, the identification process is quantifiable, traceable, and extensible, thus significantly improving the information management efficiency during the construction process and the automation level of updating the structural state of the formwork support system, providing a reliable data basis and intelligent support for construction quality control and structural safety guarantee.

[0041] S3. Generate a formwork structure state model synchronized with the site according to the construction change event.

[0042] In this embodiment, a state model of the formwork structure synchronized with the site is generated based on the construction change event, specifically as follows: Obtain an initial reference baseline formwork structure model. The baseline formwork structure model is obtained by extracting formwork component data from construction design drawings, BIM models, or formwork erection schemes. The formwork component data includes the number, node coordinates, connection relationship matrix, geometric attributes, and initial stress boundary data of all components in the formwork system. The data is stored in a queryable data structure to form the baseline formwork structure model. Based on the constructed change events, each event is matched according to the preset event-model mapping rules; The preset event-model mapping rules include: mapping of event types to model operations (e.g., position offset event → node coordinate update; connection change event → edge deletion or edge replacement; component addition event → addition of nodes and edges; reinforcement adjustment event → node / edge attribute update; component removal event → node deletion and edge deletion). Based on the matching results, a set of model operation instructions is generated, including operation type, operation target, and execution order. Based on the set of model operation instructions, incremental updates are performed on the baseline support structure model to obtain the updated structural state model. The incremental update includes: replacing node coordinates by time interpolation; creating new nodes and their connecting edges according to new events; removing nodes and updating associated edges according to deletion events; adjusting the connection attributes or directions of edges according to connection change events. A sparse update strategy is adopted during the update process, modifying only the affected nodes and edges without rebuilding the entire model to ensure real-time performance.

[0043] A consistency check is performed based on the updated structural state model, and a support structure state model is generated based on the model that passes the check.

[0044] The consistency verification includes: connection relationship consistency check: whether there are isolated nodes or broken load transfer paths; geometric structure check: whether there are overlapping components or collisions between nodes; force path connectivity check: whether there are broken force chains caused by changes in nodes / edges; component attribute matching check: whether the attributes of nodes and edges are consistent with the component attribute table.

[0045] It should be noted that the formwork structure state model is a dynamic representation of the actual structural form of a high formwork system during construction. Based on the baseline formwork structure model, it describes the geometric position, connection method, and force path of all components in the system through component attribute tables and connection relationship matrices. When structural change events caused by construction actions occur, it automatically triggers incremental updates of node, edge, and component attributes according to the event type, enabling the model to reflect the latest topology and stress state of the formwork system in real time after component addition, removal, position offset, and connection changes.

[0046] S4, based on the formwork structure state model, identifies nodes in the structure where the force path changes, weak parts in high risk, and newly added key force locations, and generates a set of monitoring objects.

[0047] In this embodiment, based on the formwork structure state model, nodes where the force path changes, high-risk weak points, and newly added critical force locations in the structure are identified, and a set of monitoring objects is generated, specifically: Based on the formwork structure state model, a set of structural data for stress analysis is extracted. The set of structural data includes node coordinates, component geometric properties, connection relationship matrix, node loads, component material properties, edge stiffness parameters (the tensile and compressive strength of the component is obtained by multiplying the elastic modulus of the component material (reflecting the elastic deformation capacity of the material under stress) with the cross-sectional area, and then dividing by the component length to obtain the edge stiffness parameters), node constraint conditions, and stress path information. Based on the structural data set, a force path diagram of the current structure is constructed according to the connection relationship between nodes and components. Specifically, this includes: mapping each component edge to a force-bearing edge based on edge stiffness parameters and node connection relationships, using the edge stiffness parameter as the edge weight; treating each node as a mechanical control unit satisfying static equilibrium conditions; for any node, establishing force equilibrium equations in each spatial coordinate direction based on the node equilibrium principle in structural mechanics, ensuring that the sum of the external load vector acting on the node and the internal force vector transmitted through connected components satisfies the equilibrium condition; wherein, the direction of the internal force exerted by the connected components on the node is determined by the component... The axial direction is determined, and the magnitude of the force is obtained according to Hooke's Law, where the axial internal force is equal to the product of the axial stiffness of the component and the relative displacement of the two end nodes along the axial direction of the component. By solving the node equilibrium equations, the resultant force components of the node in each direction can be obtained, thus forming a node force vector that characterizes the actual stress state of the node. Based on the projection of the node force vector onto the directions of each connected component, the dominant direction of force transmission from the node to the adjacent component is determined, thereby determining the force transmission direction. Based on the force transmission direction and the edge weights, a force path diagram is formed, resulting in a network structure reflecting the force transmission links of the current formwork system. The current structural force path diagram is compared with the historical force path diagram. The number of force-bearing edges and the directional offset of nodes are compared between the current structural force path diagram and the historical force path diagram. If the number of force-bearing edges of a node changes or the directional offset exceeds the set directional offset threshold, the node is marked as a node with a change in force. Identify sets of weak points in the structure based on nodes experiencing force changes; Based on the set of weak structural parts, the force contribution of nodes is obtained within the range of adjacent nodes of the weak parts (the force contribution of a node reflects the criticality of a node in the force path, and its calculation is based on the joint quantification of the node force imbalance and the node's total force participation, where the node force imbalance is obtained through the vector difference between the node's input force and output force, and the node's total force participation is the sum of the absolute values ​​of the forces of all components connected to that node. The force contribution of a node is calculated by combining the normalized force imbalance and the total force participation according to a preset weighting coefficient). If a node's force contribution exceeds a preset contribution threshold due to a structural change event, it is marked as a critical force-bearing node; if a component undertakes a new main force transmission path due to a change in connection relationship, it is marked as a critical force-bearing component; based on the critical force-bearing nodes and critical force-bearing components, a set of critical force-bearing locations is generated. The set of stress-changing nodes, the set of structural weak points, and the set of key stress locations are merged to construct an initial candidate set of monitoring objects; The initial candidate set of monitoring objects is filtered and prioritized to obtain the final set of monitoring objects.

[0048] The process of screening and prioritizing monitoring targets involves the following steps: if a target is both a weak point and a critical stress location, its priority is increased by one level; preprocessing is performed based on the event trigger time, stress contribution, and the importance of the component (obtained through expert evaluation), and multi-dimensional indicators are converted into a comprehensive score by assigning preset weights to each dimension, and then sorted according to the comprehensive score; duplicate targets are deleted and monitoring areas with a spatial distance less than a preset distance threshold are merged.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the nodes experiencing force changes, a set of weak points in the structure is identified, specifically: Based on the nodes with changing forces, a node force change vector field is constructed using the node force vector of each node as the vector element. The local force gradient of the node is obtained according to the difference between the node force vectors of the node and its neighboring nodes, and a local force gradient matrix reflecting the degree of force difference between nodes is generated. Based on the local force gradient matrix, path tracking is performed on nodes according to the direction of maximum gradient to obtain a set of paths with sudden force changes. Based on the set of stress mutation paths, the energy index of the weak section of each path is obtained. The energy index of the weak section is used to characterize the stress mutation intensity and continuity of nodes within the path range. The method of obtaining the index includes three parts: the mean square of the node stress vector, the normalized value of the stress path length, and the normalized value of the node connection density. The stress path length is determined according to the topological path of the support structure state model and normalized with the maximum possible path length. The node density is determined by the connectivity density derived from the connection relationship matrix of the internal components of the section and the highest density of the system is used as the normalization reference. The data is linearly combined according to preset weight coefficients after normalization processing.

[0050] Based on the energy index of the weak section, all paths of sudden force change are clustered. Paths with energy indices of weak sections that are higher than a preset threshold are clustered according to spatial proximity, node connectivity, and consistency of force change direction to form a set of structurally weak parts.

[0051] It should be noted that compared with traditional methods that rely on manual experience for point selection or only on the magnitude of component loads for monitoring deployment, this method has significant advantages in terms of systematicness and accuracy. After a structural change event occurs, this method can automatically identify key nodes and key components that are truly on the risk evolution chain through multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of force paths, nodal force vectors, force gradients, and energy indices of weak sections, achieving dynamic, real-time, and structurally driven precise positioning of the monitoring objects. In addition, through steps such as graph difference comparison, force contribution calculation, and section energy index clustering, the system can identify hidden weak parts and newly added key force locations in the force system, thereby avoiding the common problem of "monitoring points deviating from actual risk points" in traditional methods. The final set of monitoring objects can simultaneously take into account areas of sudden force changes, structural weak parts, and key force transmission nodes, achieving optimal allocation of monitoring resources, improved advance risk perception, and significantly enhanced monitoring efficiency and reliability, thus improving the overall safety monitoring capability and early warning level of the formwork system.

[0052] S5 generates a monitoring range adjustment plan based on the set of monitoring objects and obtains a monitoring update instruction. Based on the monitoring update instruction, it pushes synchronization information so that managers can make real-time adjustments to on-site construction according to the synchronization information.

[0053] In this embodiment, a monitoring range adjustment plan is generated based on the set of monitored objects, and a monitoring update instruction is obtained. Based on the monitoring update instruction, synchronization information is pushed, specifically as follows: Based on the spatial coordinates and topological adjacency of each monitoring object in the monitoring object set, a preliminary set of monitoring areas is constructed according to the preset monitoring area generation rules; The preset monitoring area generation rules are as follows: spatial clustering is performed based on the Euclidean distance between monitoring objects; if the Euclidean distance between multiple monitoring objects is lower than a set threshold, they are merged into one monitoring area; if there are continuous reachable paths (path length less than a set threshold) between the components where the monitoring objects are located in the topological path graph, they are classified into the same area; the centroid of the monitoring area boundary is expanded according to a preset expansion coefficient to ensure that the monitoring area covers the main force transmission components. The topological adjacency relationship is determined based on the component connection pairs with a value of 1 in the connection relationship matrix of the formwork structure state model.

[0054] Based on the preliminary set of monitoring areas, the monitoring resource requirements for each area are obtained. The monitoring resource requirements include the number of sensors to be deployed (the number of monitored objects in the area), sensor type, candidate set of installation locations, and required monitoring frequency. The monitoring resource requirements are matched with the number of available monitoring devices and installation restrictions (including fixed components, power supply points, and signal coverage) to obtain a set of monitoring areas; Based on the set of monitoring areas, a monitoring range adjustment plan is formed. The monitoring range adjustment plan includes the boundary coordinates of each monitoring area, the nodes and components that need to be monitored in the area, the monitoring execution order, the monitoring equipment that needs to be added, removed, or moved, and their corresponding locations. The monitoring range adjustment scheme is converted into standardized monitoring update instructions, which include instructions for enabling, disabling, moving, initializing or calibrating equipment, instructions for adjusting monitoring frequency, and instructions for updating model (including updating node attributes, connection relationships or force path information). A synchronization information package is generated based on the monitoring update command. The synchronization information package includes the location, time, type, weak parts and key stress points of the construction change event, monitoring equipment update requirements, and on-site risk warnings and suggested actions. The synchronization information package is formatted according to a data presentation format (JSON or XML) compatible with the management platform to form synchronization information that can be directly displayed on the management end.

[0055] Synchronous information is pushed to the supervision end, construction management end, and project safety management end. Based on the synchronous information, management personnel can make on-site monitoring adjustments and construction strategy adjustments, including equipment relocation, reinforcement of supporting components, and adjustment of work plans.

[0056] Reference Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, this invention provides a schematic diagram of a real-time monitoring and management system for high-formwork construction projects, including an action set acquisition module, an event recognition module, a model construction module, a monitoring object generation module, and an instruction generation module. The modules are interconnected. The action set acquisition module is used to acquire a dynamic set of construction actions related to the real-time structural state changes of the high formwork system based on the first data of on-site construction. The event recognition module is used to perform structured analysis on the set of dynamic construction actions and identify the structural change events that cause changes in the topology of the formwork system. The model building module is used to generate a state model of the formwork structure that is synchronized with the site based on the construction change events; The monitoring object generation module is used to identify nodes where the force path changes, sets of weak parts of the structure, and sets of key stress locations in the structure based on the formwork structure state model, and generate a set of monitoring objects. The instruction generation module is used to generate a monitoring range adjustment plan based on the set of monitored objects, obtain monitoring update instructions, and push synchronization information based on the monitoring update instructions.

[0057] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, in the form of a computer program product.

[0058] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the modules and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0059] In addition, the functional modules in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module.

[0060] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

[0061] In conclusion, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Based on the first data from on-site construction, obtain a dynamic set of construction actions regarding the real-time structural state changes of the high formwork system; The dynamic construction action set is analyzed in a structured manner to identify the structural change events that lead to changes in the topology of the formwork system; Based on the structural change events, generate a state model of the formwork structure that is synchronized with the site. Based on the state model of the supported structure, the nodes where the force path changes, the set of weak parts of the structure, and the set of key stress locations in the structure are identified, and a set of monitoring objects is generated. Based on the set of monitored objects, a monitoring range adjustment plan is generated, and a monitoring update instruction is obtained. Based on the monitoring update instruction, synchronization information is pushed.

2. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first data based on on-site construction is used to obtain a dynamic set of construction actions regarding the real-time structural state changes of the high-formwork system, specifically: The first data is processed with a unified timestamp, and the data is arranged in order according to the collection time to form a time series dataset; Based on the time series dataset, component analysis is performed on each data point, and a construction object association model is established. Based on the construction object association model, the original event set is extracted by comparing the differences between the current state of the component and the historical state. Based on the original set of events, each event is decomposed into a construction action unit to form a set of construction action units; A dynamic construction action chain is constructed by setting up construction action units; Based on the dynamic construction action chain, all action units contained in the action chain are structurally integrated to generate a dynamic construction action set. The dynamic construction action set includes the action triggerer, the action application location, the action content, the action component, and the action occurrence time.

3. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 2, characterized in that, The construction of a dynamic construction action chain through a set of construction action units is specifically as follows: Based on the set of construction action units, the construction action units are arranged sequentially according to the time of occurrence of the action to form a time-seriesd action unit set; Based on the time-series action unit set, the continuity and dependency relationships between actions are analyzed using preset analysis rules to obtain continuity analysis results; Based on the results of the continuity analysis, a preliminary action chain is constructed; The initial action chain is logically optimized to generate a dynamic construction action chain.

4. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structured analysis of the dynamic construction action set identifies structural change events that lead to changes in the topology of the formwork system, specifically: Based on the dynamic set of construction actions, semantic structure parsing is performed on each construction action unit record to generate a set of structured action records; Based on the set of structured action records, the influence range of each construction action unit is determined, resulting in the set of influence ranges of the components. Based on the set of influence ranges of components, the construction action units are classified by influence type to obtain a set of classification results. Based on the classification result set, structural change trigger judgment is performed on each construction action unit to generate a preliminary judgment set of structural change events; Based on the preliminary judgment set, the changes in the topology of the support system are analyzed, and a set of topology change events is generated; Based on the set of topology change events, the final construction change events are generated.

5. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process involves analyzing the topological changes of the formwork system based on the preliminary judgment set, generating a set of topological change events, specifically: Based on the initial judgment set, extract the set of components that affect each event, and construct the component state set by combining the component attribute table and connection relationship matrix of the support system; Based on the component state set, identify topology node changes and obtain a set of topology node changes that includes information on node additions, node deletions, and node movements. Based on the set of topological node changes and the connection matrix, identify the changes in topological edges and generate a set of topological edge changes. By using the set of topological edge changes, the topological structure changes of the support system are determined, and the topological change determination result corresponding to each construction change event is output. Based on the topology change determination results, all events determined to cause changes in the topology are recorded as topology change events and integrated to form a topology change event set.

6. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating a state model of the formwork structure synchronized with the site based on structural change events specifically includes: Obtain the baseline support structure model for the initial reference; Based on the constructed change events, each event is matched according to the preset event-model mapping rules; Based on the matching results, generate a set of model operation instructions; Based on the set of model operation instructions, incremental updates are performed on the baseline support structure model to obtain the updated structural state model. A consistency check is performed based on the updated structural state model, and a support structure state model is generated based on the model that passes the check.

7. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method based on the formwork structure state model identifies nodes where the force path changes, sets of weak points in the structure, and sets of key stress locations, and generates a set of monitoring objects, specifically: Based on the state model of the supported structure, a set of structural data for stress analysis is extracted; Based on the structural data set, construct the current structural force path diagram according to the connection relationship between nodes and components; By comparing the current structural force path diagram with the historical force path diagram, the nodes of force change are obtained. Identify sets of weak points in the structure based on nodes experiencing force changes; Based on the set of weak structural parts, the stress contribution of nodes within the range of adjacent nodes of the weak parts is obtained. Based on the stress contribution of nodes, key stress nodes and key stress components are identified. Generate a set of key stress locations based on key stress nodes and key stress components; The set of stress-changing nodes, the set of structural weak points, and the set of key stress locations are merged to construct an initial candidate set of monitoring objects; The initial candidate set of monitoring objects is filtered and prioritized to obtain the final set of monitoring objects.

8. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of identifying the set of weak points in the structure based on nodes experiencing force changes specifically involves: Based on the nodes with changing forces, a field of nodal force change vectors is constructed using the nodal force vectors of each node as vector elements, and a local force gradient matrix is ​​generated based on the difference between the nodal force vectors. Based on the local force gradient matrix, path tracking is performed on nodes according to the direction of maximum gradient to obtain a set of paths with sudden force changes. Based on the set of stress mutation paths, obtain the energy index of the weak section of each path; Based on the energy index of the weak section, all paths of sudden force change are clustered. Paths with energy indices of weak sections that are higher than a preset threshold are clustered according to spatial proximity, node connectivity, and consistency of force change direction to form a set of structurally weak parts.

9. The method for real-time monitoring and management of high-formwork structures in building engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating a monitoring range adjustment plan based on the set of monitored objects and obtaining a monitoring update instruction, and then pushing synchronization information based on the monitoring update instruction, specifically involves: Based on the spatial coordinates and topological adjacency of each monitoring object in the monitoring object set, a preliminary set of monitoring areas is constructed according to the preset monitoring area generation rules; Based on a preliminary set of monitoring areas, the monitoring resource requirements for each area are obtained; By matching the monitoring resource requirements with the number of available monitoring devices and installation restrictions, a set of monitoring areas is obtained; Based on the set of monitoring areas, a plan for adjusting the monitoring scope is formulated; Convert the monitoring scope adjustment plan into standardized monitoring update instructions; Synchronization information packages are generated based on monitoring and update instructions, and the synchronization information is pushed to the supervision end, construction management end, and project safety management end.

10. A system using the real-time monitoring and management method for high-formwork structures in building engineering as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: The action set acquisition module is used to acquire a dynamic set of construction actions related to the real-time structural state changes of the high formwork system based on the first data of on-site construction. The event recognition module is used to perform structured analysis on the set of dynamic construction actions and identify the structural change events that cause changes in the topology of the formwork system. The model building module is used to generate a state model of the formwork structure that is synchronized with the site based on the construction change events; The monitoring object generation module is used to identify nodes where the force path changes, sets of weak parts of the structure, and sets of key stress locations in the structure based on the formwork structure state model, and generate a set of monitoring objects. The instruction generation module is used to generate a monitoring range adjustment plan based on the set of monitored objects, obtain monitoring update instructions, and push synchronization information based on the monitoring update instructions.

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