Constant pressure spring carbon brush system and method for electrode lifting mechanism of electroslag remelting furnace

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electroslag remelting equipment, and discloses a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace, which comprises a carbon brush frame and a plurality of carbon brush insulating rings sequentially arranged along the axial direction of a conductive copper shaft of the electrode lifting mechanism, each carbon brush insulating ring is provided with eight rectangular openings which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the carbon brush insulating ring, and the side of each rectangular opening is correspondingly provided with a bayonet; a carbon brush body is arranged in each rectangular opening, a constant pressure spring is clamped in each bayonet, and the outer end of the constant pressure spring abuts against the upper portion of the corresponding carbon brush body so that the carbon brush bodies can be in stable contact with the conductive copper shaft. The constant pressure spring carbon brush system has the advantages of being compact in structure, high in conductive stability, even in carbon brush abrasion, convenient and fast to maintain and the like, and is suitable for dynamic and static conductive connection of various electroslag remelting furnace electrode lifting mechanisms. The invention further discloses a conductive method based on the constant pressure spring carbon brush system, and stable conduction is achieved through self-adaptive adjustment of the constant pressure spring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electroslag remelting equipment technology, and specifically to a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace and a conductive method based on the constant pressure spring carbon brush system. Background Technology

[0002] Electroslag remelting is a key process in the production of high-end metal materials such as special steels and high-temperature alloys. The electrode lifting mechanism of the core equipment, the electroslag remelting furnace, needs to drive the consumable electrodes to rise and fall in real time to maintain the stability of the molten pool. The dynamic and static conductive connection of the electrode lifting mechanism typically uses a carbon brush-conductive component combination. However, existing carbon brush systems generally have the following drawbacks: (1) The carbon brush guide and pressure structure are separated, and an additional guide limit component is required, which makes the overall structure complex, difficult to assemble, and has a high manufacturing cost. (2) The contact pressure of the carbon brush is provided by a common tension spring. As the carbon brush wears, the spring tension decreases and the contact pressure drops, which can easily lead to problems such as increased contact resistance and arcing, affecting the conductivity stability. (3) The springs in some carbon brush systems need to be positioned by the carbon brush body. Wear of the carbon brush body can easily cause the springs to shift, further affecting the pressure stability. (4) Some carbon brush systems have unreasonable current busbar design, high contact resistance of conductive connectors, easy heat generation, and low connection matching with carbon brush body, making them unsuitable for high current conditions.

[0003] Therefore, developing a carbon brush system with a compact structure, constant pressure, spring positioning without the need for carbon brush body, and stable current transmission is of great significance for improving the operational stability of electroslag remelting furnaces and reducing operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for the electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace, which solves the technical problems of existing carbon brush systems such as complex structure, unstable contact pressure, spring positioning dependent on the carbon brush body, and low current transmission efficiency.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a conductive method based on the above-described constant-voltage spring carbon brush system.

[0006] One technical solution to achieve the above objective is: a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace, comprising a carbon brush frame and a plurality of carbon brush insulating rings arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the conductive copper shaft of the electrode lifting mechanism. Each carbon brush insulating ring has eight rectangular openings evenly distributed around its circumference, and a corresponding bayonet is provided on the side of each rectangular opening; a carbon brush body is disposed in each rectangular opening, one end of which is used to contact the conductive copper shaft of the electrode lifting mechanism, and the other end is used as a conductive connection end; a constant pressure spring is engaged in each bayonet, and the outer end of the constant pressure spring abuts against the upper part of the corresponding carbon brush body, which is used to apply a constant and unadjustable preload to the carbon brush body, so that the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft maintain stable contact; The carbon brush frame has four copper tubes, which are distributed on the front and rear sides of the upper and lower ends of all carbon brush insulating rings, and each copper tube is located between two adjacent rows of carbon brush bodies; the length of each copper tube is adapted to the axial dimension of all carbon brush insulating rings after assembly. Each copper tube has an axially oriented groove on the side facing the carbon brush body. A copper plate is welded into each groove using silver solder. Each copper plate has mounting holes that correspond one-to-one with the adjacent carbon brush body. The conductive connection end of each carbon brush body is connected and fixed to the corresponding mounting hole on the copper plate.

[0007] The aforementioned constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace comprises 11 carbon brush insulating rings, 88 carbon brush bodies, and 88 constant pressure springs.

[0008] The constant pressure spring carbon brush system for the electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace described above, wherein the rectangular opening is a rectangular through groove, and the inner wall of the rectangular through groove is clearance-fitted with the side wall of the carbon brush body, with a clearance value of 0.4-0.6 mm between them; The bayonet is a groove structure adapted to the constant pressure spring, and the constant pressure spring is designed with a clip, which is engaged and fixed with the corresponding bayonet.

[0009] The aforementioned constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace includes a clip consisting of a small plate with a thickness of 1 mm. One end of the clip is welded and fixed to the bottom of the constant pressure spring, and the other end is adapted to the slot structure of the clip to achieve quick mounting of the constant pressure spring.

[0010] The aforementioned constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace includes a carbon brush body and a conductive connection end disposed thereon at the end away from the conductive copper shaft. The conductive connection end is provided with a connector for connecting to the copper plate of the carbon brush frame. The end of the carbon brush body near the conductive copper shaft is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface, the curvature of which is consistent with the outer circular curvature of the conductive copper shaft.

[0011] The constant pressure spring carbon brush system for the electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace described above, wherein the constant pressure spring is made of stainless steel and utilizes its nonlinear elastic properties to maintain a constant preload within the wear range of the carbon brush body.

[0012] The aforementioned constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace, wherein the copper tube is made of pure copper, the copper plate is made of pure copper, and the weld seam welded by silver solder is full and without any incomplete welds, ensuring the conductivity and connection strength between the copper tube and the copper plate.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for conducting electricity based on the above-described constant voltage spring carbon brush system, comprising the following steps: S1, System Assembly: Insert all carbon brush bodies into the rectangular openings of the carbon brush insulating rings one by one; clip the constant pressure springs into the corresponding slots next to the rectangular openings, so that the outer ends of the constant pressure springs abut against the upper part of the corresponding carbon brush bodies. The positioning of the constant pressure springs is achieved by the cooperation of the clips and the slots. The preload of the constant pressure springs is the inherent design value and does not require additional adjustment; connect and fix the conductive connection ends of the carbon brush bodies to the corresponding mounting holes on the copper plate of the carbon brush frame. S2, Adaptive conductivity: The assembled carbon brush insulating ring and carbon brush frame are fixed to the fixed end of the electrode lifting mechanism of the electroslag remelting furnace. One end of each carbon brush body is attached to the surface of the conductive copper shaft under the preload of the corresponding constant pressure spring. When the electrode lifting mechanism drives the conductive copper shaft to rise and fall, the carbon brush body slides axially along the rectangular opening of the carbon brush insulating ring. The constant pressure spring rebounds adaptively with the wear of the carbon brush body, keeping the contact pressure between the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft constant. The current is stably transmitted through the path of conductive copper shaft → carbon brush body → carbon brush frame. S3, Maintenance and Replacement: Regularly inspect the wear condition of the carbon brush body. When the carbon brush body is observed to be worn to the preset limit length, disconnect the connection between the carbon brush body and the copper plate, remove the constant pressure spring corresponding to the carbon brush body to be replaced from the bayonet, remove the worn carbon brush body from the rectangular opening, replace the new carbon brush body, reinstall the constant pressure spring in the bayonet, and connect and fix the conductive connection end of the new carbon brush body to the mounting hole on the copper plate to complete the maintenance.

[0014] In the above-mentioned conductive method, in step S1, the preload of the constant pressure spring is a factory-preset fixed value, designed to match the material and diameter of the conductive copper shaft and the working current of the electroslag remelting furnace, and the contact pressure between the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft remains constant.

[0015] In the above-described conductive method, in step S2, the rectangular opening of the carbon brush insulating ring restricts the carbon brush body to move only in the direction close to or away from the conductive copper axis, thereby preventing radial wear of the carbon brush body.

[0016] The technical solution of the constant-pressure spring carbon brush system for electrode lifting mechanism of electroslag remelting furnace and the conductive method based on the constant-pressure spring carbon brush system of the present invention has the following technical effects: (1) Compact structure and reliable positioning: The carbon brush insulation ring integrates a rectangular opening and a bayonet to guide the carbon brush body and install the constant pressure spring, eliminating the need for guide and limit components; the constant pressure spring is independently positioned by welding a small plate clip to the bayonet, without the need for carbon brush body assistance. Even if the carbon brush body wears, the constant pressure spring will not shift, adapting to vibration conditions, and the overall structure is compact. (2) High conductivity stability: The constant pressure spring made of stainless steel strip is pressed against the upper part of the carbon brush body and a stable pre-tightening force is applied. Its winding and springback characteristics can keep the contact pressure constant throughout the entire wear cycle of the carbon brush body, avoiding sparking. The copper tube-copper plate silver solder structure of the carbon brush frame has low contact resistance and high current busbar efficiency, which is suitable for high current conditions. (3) Easy to maintain: The constant pressure spring is quickly connected to the buckle and the buckle. The connection between the carbon brush body and the copper plate is simple. No special tools are required when replacing the carbon brush body, which greatly shortens the maintenance time. (4) High versatility: By matching different specifications of the winding structure constant pressure spring, carbon brush body and copper plate hole layout, it can be adapted to conductive copper shafts of different diameters and electroslag remelting furnaces with different working currents, and has a wide range of applications. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view (side view) of a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace according to the present invention. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A sectional view along line AA. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, its specific embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 According to an embodiment of the present invention, a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism of an electroslag remelting furnace includes a carbon brush frame 4 and a plurality of carbon brush insulating rings 1 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the conductive copper shaft 5 of the electrode lifting mechanism. Each carbon brush insulating ring 1 has eight rectangular openings 11 evenly distributed along its circumference, and each rectangular opening 11 has a corresponding bayonet 12 on its side; each rectangular opening has a carbon brush body 2, one end of which is used to contact the conductive copper shaft 5 of the electrode lifting mechanism, and the other end is used as a conductive connection end 22; each bayonet 12 has a constant pressure spring 3, the outer end of which abuts against the upper part of the corresponding carbon brush body 2, and is used to apply a constant, non-adjustable preload to the carbon brush body 2, so that the carbon brush body 2 and the conductive copper shaft 5 maintain stable contact.

[0019] In this embodiment, there are 11 carbon brush insulating rings 1, with a total of 88 rectangular openings 11 and 88 bayonets 12. Correspondingly, there are 88 carbon brush bodies 2 and 88 constant pressure springs 3.

[0020] The carbon brush frame 4 is the core component for current collection in the entire system. The carbon brush frame 4 has four copper tubes 41, which are distributed on the front and rear sides of the upper and lower ends of all carbon brush insulating rings. Each copper tube 41 is located between two adjacent rows of carbon brush bodies. The length of each copper tube 41 is adapted to the axial dimension of all carbon brush insulating rings after assembly.

[0021] Each copper tube 41 has an axially oriented groove on the side facing the carbon brush body. A copper plate 42 is welded to each groove using silver solder. Each copper plate 42 has mounting holes corresponding to adjacent carbon brush bodies. The conductive connection end 22 of each carbon brush body 2 is connected and fixed to the corresponding mounting hole on the copper plate 42. The high conductivity of the silver solder ensures that the contact resistance between the copper tube 41 and the copper plate 42 is close to zero, resulting in a full, non-fraying weld that can withstand the heat generated under high current conditions. The mounting holes on the copper plate 42 correspond to the carbon brush bodies, and the conductive connection end 22 of the carbon brush body 2 is fixedly connected to the mounting holes on the copper plate using bolts. This ensures that the current from each carbon brush body is efficiently collected in the copper tube 41 and then uniformly output from the copper tube 41.

[0022] In this embodiment, the carbon brush insulating ring 1 is made of epoxy resin board G10, with an outer diameter of 355mm and a thickness of 44.5mm. Eight rectangular openings 11 are evenly distributed circumferentially. Each rectangular opening 11 is a rectangular through slot, and the inner wall of the rectangular through slot is clearance-fitted with the side wall of the carbon brush body 2. The clearance between the two is 0.4-0.6mm, ensuring that the carbon brush body slides along the opening axis without radial displacement. Preferably, the size of the rectangular opening 11 is 37.3mm × 37.3mm, and the clearance between the inner wall of the rectangular opening 11 and the side wall of the carbon brush body is 0.5mm. The latch 12 is a groove structure adapted to the constant pressure spring 3. The constant pressure spring 3 is designed with a clip 31, which engages and fixes with the corresponding latch 12. Preferably, the latch 12 is a groove structure with a depth of 3mm and a width of 7mm. The clip 31 is a small plate with a thickness of 1mm. One end of the clip 31 is welded and fixed to the bottom of the constant pressure spring 3, and the other end is adapted to the slot structure of the bayonet 12 to realize the quick mounting of the constant pressure spring 3.

[0023] The carbon brush body 2 is made of copper-graphite alloy and includes a carbon brush body 21 and a conductive connection end 22. The conductive connection end 22 is located at the end of the carbon brush body 21 away from the conductive copper shaft 5. The end of the carbon brush body 21 closest to the conductive copper shaft 5 has an arc-shaped contact surface (radius R114.3mm) adapted to the conductive copper shaft, and the radius of the arc-shaped contact surface matches the outer radius of the conductive copper shaft. The conductive connection end 22 consists of a copper connector and a copper wire, with the copper wire pre-embedded at the end of the carbon brush body 21 away from the conductive copper shaft 5.

[0024] The constant pressure spring 3 is a wound structure made of 1mm thick stainless steel strip with a free diameter of 23mm. Utilizing its nonlinear elastic properties, it maintains a constant preload within the wear range of the carbon brush body. A 1mm thick metal clip 31 with a width of 6mm is welded to the bottom of the constant pressure spring 3, precisely fitting the slot 12. The positioning of the constant pressure spring 3 is achieved entirely by the clip 31 and the slot 12, without the assistance of the carbon brush body 2. After installation, it abuts against the upper part of the carbon brush body 2. The preload is factory preset and cannot be adjusted.

[0025] The copper tube 41 has a diameter of 38mm and a length of 635mm. A groove with a width of 6.5mm and a depth of 3mm is opened on the side of the copper tube 41 facing the carbon brush body 2. A copper plate 42 with a thickness of 6mm is welded in the groove by silver solder. The copper plate 42 has mounting holes that correspond one-to-one with the carbon brush body 2. The conductive connection end 22 of the carbon brush body 2 is fastened to the mounting hole on the corresponding copper plate 42 by bolts and nuts.

[0026] Copper pipe 41 is made of pure copper, and copper plate 42 is also made of pure copper. The weld seam is full and free of defects when welded with silver solder, ensuring the conductivity and connection strength between the copper pipe and the copper plate.

[0027] The present invention relates to a constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace. A constant pressure spring 3 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with a carbon brush body 2. The constant pressure spring 3 is a wound structure, precisely wound from stainless steel strip, possessing excellent fatigue resistance and elastic rebound stability. The positioning of the constant pressure spring 3 is achieved entirely by the cooperation of the clip and the latch, without requiring any positioning assistance from the carbon brush body 2. After installation, the constant pressure spring 3 abuts against the upper part of the carbon brush body 2, utilizing its own wound rebound elastic characteristics to apply a constant, non-adjustable preload to the carbon brush body, and this preload remains stable throughout the entire wear cycle of the carbon brush body.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for conducting electricity based on the above-described constant voltage spring carbon brush system, comprising the following steps: S1. System Assembly: Embed 88 carbon brush bodies 2 into the rectangular openings 11 of the carbon brush insulating rings 1, so that the arc-shaped contact surfaces of the carbon brush bodies 2 face the conductive copper shaft 5; correspondingly, the wound constant pressure springs 3 are fitted into the slots 12 next to the rectangular openings 11, with the constant pressure springs 3 abutting against the upper part of the carbon brush bodies 2. Their positioning is achieved by the cooperation of the clips 31 and the slots 12, without the assistance of the carbon brush bodies 2; tighten the conductive connection ends 22 of the carbon brush bodies 2 to the through holes on the copper plates 42 on the carbon brush frame 4 one by one with bolts and nuts. At this time, the contact pressure between the carbon brush bodies 2 and the conductive copper shaft 5 is constant.

[0029] S2. Adaptive conductivity: The carbon brush insulating ring 1 and the carbon brush frame 4 are fixed together to the fixed end of the electrode lifting mechanism of the electroslag remelting furnace. The carbon brush body 2 is tightly attached to the surface of the conductive copper shaft 5 made of purple copper under the preload of the constant pressure spring 3 of the winding structure. When the electrode lifting mechanism drives the conductive copper shaft 5 to rise and fall, the carbon brush body 2 slides along the axial direction of the opening 11. When the carbon brush body 2 wears, the constant pressure spring 3 of the winding structure rebounds adaptively, and the contact pressure always remains constant. The current is stably transmitted through the conductive copper shaft 5 → carbon brush body 2 → carbon brush frame 4 without heating or arcing.

[0030] S3. Maintenance and Replacement: Inspect the carbon brush body 2 according to the production cycle. When the remaining length of the carbon brush body 21 is insufficient, disconnect the corresponding carbon brush body 2 from the copper plate 42, pinch the constant pressure spring 3 to remove it, replace the new carbon brush body 2, reinstall the constant pressure spring 3 and tighten the bolts and nuts to complete the maintenance.

[0031] In step S1, the preload of the constant pressure spring 3 is a factory-preset fixed value, designed to match the material and diameter of the conductive copper shaft and the operating current of the electroslag remelting furnace, ensuring that the contact pressure between the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft remains constant. In step S2, the rectangular opening of the carbon brush insulating ring restricts the carbon brush body to move only in the direction close to or away from the conductive copper shaft, preventing radial wear of the carbon brush body.

[0032] In summary, the constant-pressure spring carbon brush system for electrode lifting mechanisms in electroslag remelting furnaces of the present invention has advantages such as compact structure, high conductivity stability, uniform carbon brush wear, and convenient maintenance. It is suitable for dynamic and static conductive connections in electrode lifting mechanisms of various electroslag remelting furnaces. The conductivity method based on this constant-pressure spring carbon brush system of the present invention achieves stable conductivity through the adaptive adjustment of the constant-pressure spring.

[0033] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments that are within the spirit and essence of the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace, characterized in that, It includes a carbon brush frame and multiple carbon brush insulating rings arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the conductive copper shaft of the electrode lifting mechanism. Each carbon brush insulating ring has eight rectangular openings evenly distributed around its circumference, and a corresponding bayonet is provided on the side of each rectangular opening; a carbon brush body is disposed in each rectangular opening, one end of which is used to contact the conductive copper shaft of the electrode lifting mechanism, and the other end is used as a conductive connection end; a constant pressure spring is engaged in each bayonet, and the outer end of the constant pressure spring abuts against the upper part of the corresponding carbon brush body, which is used to apply a constant and unadjustable preload to the carbon brush body, so that the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft maintain stable contact; The carbon brush frame has four copper tubes, which are distributed on the front and rear sides of the upper and lower ends of all carbon brush insulating rings, and each copper tube is located between two adjacent rows of carbon brush bodies; the length of each copper tube is adapted to the axial dimension of all carbon brush insulating rings after assembly. Each copper tube has an axially oriented groove on the side facing the carbon brush body. A copper plate is welded into each groove using silver solder. Each copper plate has mounting holes that correspond one-to-one with the adjacent carbon brush body. The conductive connection end of each carbon brush body is connected and fixed to the corresponding mounting hole on the copper plate.

2. The constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of carbon brush insulating rings is 11, the number of carbon brush bodies is 88, and the number of constant pressure springs is 88.

3. The constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rectangular opening is a rectangular through groove, and the inner wall of the rectangular through groove is clearance-fitted with the side wall of the carbon brush body, with a clearance value of 0.4-0.6mm. The bayonet is a groove structure adapted to the constant pressure spring, and the constant pressure spring is designed with a clip, which is engaged and fixed with the corresponding bayonet.

4. The constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The clip is a small plate with a thickness of 1mm. One end of the plate is welded and fixed to the bottom of the constant pressure spring, and the other end is adapted to the slot structure of the clip to realize the quick installation of the constant pressure spring.

5. A constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon brush body includes a carbon brush body and a conductive connection end disposed thereon at one end away from the conductive copper shaft. The conductive connection end is provided with a connector for connecting to the copper plate of the carbon brush frame. The end of the carbon brush body near the conductive copper shaft is provided with an arc-shaped contact surface, the curvature of which is consistent with the outer circular curvature of the conductive copper shaft.

6. The constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The constant pressure spring is made of stainless steel and utilizes its nonlinear elastic properties to maintain a constant preload within the wear range of the carbon brush body.

7. A constant pressure spring carbon brush system for an electrode lifting mechanism in an electroslag remelting furnace as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The copper pipe is made of pure copper, and the copper plate is also made of pure copper. The weld seam is full and free of defects when welded with silver solder, ensuring the conductivity and connection strength between the copper pipe and the copper plate.

8. A method for conducting electricity based on the constant voltage spring carbon brush system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, System Assembly: Insert all carbon brush bodies into the rectangular openings of the carbon brush insulating rings one by one; clip the constant pressure springs into the corresponding slots next to the rectangular openings, so that the outer ends of the constant pressure springs abut against the upper part of the corresponding carbon brush bodies. The positioning of the constant pressure springs is achieved by the cooperation of the clips and the slots. The preload of the constant pressure springs is the inherent design value and does not require additional adjustment; connect and fix the conductive connection ends of the carbon brush bodies to the corresponding mounting holes on the copper plate of the carbon brush frame. S2, Adaptive conductivity: The assembled carbon brush insulating ring and carbon brush frame are fixed to the fixed end of the electrode lifting mechanism of the electroslag remelting furnace. One end of each carbon brush body is attached to the surface of the conductive copper shaft under the preload of the corresponding constant pressure spring. When the electrode lifting mechanism drives the conductive copper shaft to rise and fall, the carbon brush body slides axially along the rectangular opening of the carbon brush insulating ring. The constant pressure spring rebounds adaptively with the wear of the carbon brush body, keeping the contact pressure between the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft constant. The current is stably transmitted through the path of conductive copper shaft → carbon brush body → carbon brush frame. S3, Maintenance and Replacement: Regularly inspect the wear condition of the carbon brush body. When the carbon brush body is observed to be worn to the preset limit length, disconnect the connection between the carbon brush body and the copper plate, remove the constant pressure spring corresponding to the carbon brush body to be replaced from the bayonet, remove the worn carbon brush body from the rectangular opening, replace the new carbon brush body, reinstall the constant pressure spring in the bayonet, and connect and fix the conductive connection end of the new carbon brush body to the mounting hole on the copper plate to complete the maintenance.

9. The conductivity method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In step S1, the preload of the constant pressure spring is a factory-preset fixed value, designed to match the material and diameter of the conductive copper shaft and the working current of the electroslag remelting furnace, and the contact pressure between the carbon brush body and the conductive copper shaft remains constant.

10. The conductive method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S2, the rectangular opening of the carbon brush insulating ring restricts the carbon brush body to move only in the direction close to or away from the conductive copper axis, thus preventing radial wear of the carbon brush body.

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