Wireless charging equipment for wearable medical device

Abstract

The invention discloses wireless charging equipment for a wearable medical device. The wireless charging equipment comprises a first coil, a wireless radio frequency transmission module, a time sequence control module and a protocol analysis module, the device uses the first coil to multiplex radio frequency communication and energy emission functions. The time sequence control module divides a work period into a communication time sequence and a charging time sequence which are alternated, and respectively configures a time length T1 and a time length T2. And the system dynamically adjusts the ratio of T1 to T2 according to the analyzed real-time charging parameters. According to the invention, the time sequence multiplexing of communication and charging is realized, and the data transmission and efficient charging requirements of the wearable device are effectively considered through the adaptive optimization strategy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical devices, and in particular to wearable medical devices that utilize radio frequency technology to achieve low-power data transmission and wireless charging. Background Technology

[0002] This invention relates to the field of wireless charging and data communication for wearable medical devices, and more particularly to a charging device that utilizes the same coil to simultaneously support radio frequency wireless communication and wireless charging, and dynamically switches and coordinates between communication and charging through timing control and protocol parsing. As wearable medical monitoring devices (such as external continuous glucose monitoring devices, ECG / blood oxygen sensors, etc.) develop towards miniaturization, long battery life, and all-weather continuous monitoring, how to provide safe and efficient wireless charging for wearable devices while ensuring reliable data transmission has become an urgent engineering problem to be solved.

[0003] Current technological status and existing problems

[0004] Communication and charging functions are separated or conflicting. Traditional solutions often use independent communication links (such as Bluetooth or NFC data channels) and independent charging coils / base stations (such as Qi standard inductive charging), or simply alternate between communication and charging on the same coil. However, most systems use fixed time slots / duty cycles to switch between the two working modes, lacking adaptive adjustments to real-time charging status, coil alignment, or physiological data collection needs. This results in low energy utilization, long charging times, or insufficient communication when frequent data reporting is required.

[0005] High alignment sensitivity limits charging efficiency. When using a single coil for data / energy multiplexing, radial deviation and angular misalignment between coils significantly affect coupling efficiency. Existing systems often lack precise alignment detection and feedback mechanisms, preventing users from intuitively and quickly aligning the charging device with the wearable device's coil. This results in lower-than-expected charging current and reduced charging efficiency. Power loss caused by alignment differences can also lead to excessive power waste at the transmitter or insufficient charging at the receiver.

[0006] The lack of charging status awareness and adaptive scheduling is a significant issue. Most systems focus only on simple voltage / current thresholds or employ constant charging strategies, failing to integrate real-time charging current, coil alignment information, physiological data reading requirements, and temperature data into timing scheduling and charging strategy adjustments. This makes it difficult to maximize charging efficiency and user experience while ensuring safety (e.g., overheating prevention) and prioritizing critical physiological data communication.

[0007] The methods for determining positioning / alignment are either inadequate or inaccurate. Existing methods typically rely on a single Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) or a coarse current reading as the alignment criterion, lacking a pre-calibrated "current fingerprint" comparison mechanism. Consequently, it is difficult to accurately determine coil alignment deviations under different wearing postures, the influence of different human tissues, and environmental changes. The absence of reliable similarity determination and threshold strategies makes alignment judgments prone to false alarms or missed alarms, affecting charging scheduling decisions.

[0008] Insufficient user guidance and poor interactive experience. Even if the system can detect alignment deviation or insufficient charging, existing devices usually cannot intuitively guide users to adjust the position through a visual interface (such as dynamic circles or real-time radius changes). Users have to complete the alignment through trial and error, which is cumbersome and provides a poor experience.

[0009] Thermal management and prioritization mechanisms are lacking. Overheating of the coil or receiver during wireless charging poses a safety hazard, but existing systems mostly rely on passive monitoring and lack the ability to prioritize temperature as a high-priority signal to immediately adjust the communication / charging ratio. This prevents them from quickly interrupting or reducing charging to ensure safety when overheating risks occur. Furthermore, the lack of a hierarchical, priority-based unified scheduling logic makes it difficult to establish reasonable weighting and coverage relationships between current deviations, physiological data reading requests, and temperature anomalies.

[0010] It is evident that existing technologies have significant shortcomings in areas such as single-coil multiplexing, timing adaptation, alignment determination, similarity calculation based on current fingerprints, user-guided display, and hierarchical scheduling strategies using current / physiological / temperature as inputs. These deficiencies fail to meet the practical requirements of wearable medical scenarios, which demand both reliable reading of key physiological parameters and safe, efficient wireless charging. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a wireless charging device capable of: implementing communication and charging timing division and dynamic adjustment (T1 / T2) on a single coil; performing alignment determination based on real-time charging parameters and pre-stored current fingerprints; providing visual guidance; and employing a hierarchical priority dynamic adjustment strategy to improve charging efficiency, ensure data communication integrity, and guarantee safe use. These issues constitute the technical background and starting point for the claims of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a wireless charging device for wearable medical devices, aiming to solve the problems of unstable communication signals preventing simultaneous communication when charging is not possible, inaccurate alignment determination, lack of adaptability in charging / communication scheduling, and insufficient coordination between thermal safety and physiological data priority in existing technologies. To this end, this invention proposes an overall technical solution based on timing partitioning and dynamic adjustment of communication protocols, alignment determination based on current fingerprints, visual guidance, and a three-level progressive priority scheduling.

[0012] The wireless charging device of the present invention includes:

[0013] The first coil is configured to both transmit radio frequency signals for wireless communication and transmit electromagnetic energy for wireless charging.

[0014] A wireless radio frequency transmission module, connected to the first coil, is configured to transmit communication commands or wireless charging commands through the first coil and receive communication signals returned by the wearable medical device, wherein the communication signals include physiological parameter signals or charging parameter signals.

[0015] The timing control module, connected to the wireless radio frequency transmission module, is used to divide the working state and dynamically adjust the ratio of communication and charging timing.

[0016] The protocol storage and parsing module is connected to the wireless radio frequency transmission module and the timing control module, respectively. It is used to store the preset communication protocol and parse the communication signals returned by the wearable medical device to obtain charging parameters, physiological parameters and alignment information, etc.

[0017] The timing control module divides the working state of the wireless charging device into alternating communication timing and charging timing. The communication protocol includes communication duration agreement signals and charging duration agreement signals. Based on the communication duration agreement signal, the duration of the communication timing is configured as T1; based on the charging duration agreement signal, the duration of the charging timing is configured as T2; where T1 and T2 are preset values ​​greater than 0 or dynamically negotiated values. The timing control module can dynamically adjust the proportion of T1 or T2 based on the parsed charging parameters.

[0018] The timing control module divides the operation into alignment, maintenance, and charging states, and dynamically adjusts the length relationship between T1 and T2 according to different stages.

[0019] Alignment status: If the resolved coil alignment deviation exceeds the preset range, then control T1 > T2 (prioritize communication to complete alignment).

[0020] Maintenance state: If the resolved charging current reaches the preset threshold and the coil is aligned within the preset range, then control T1 = T2 (maintain balanced communication and charging).

[0021] Charging status: If the analyzed charging current is lower than the preset threshold, then control T2 > T1 (prioritize charging to improve energy injection).

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, a preset current fingerprint spectrum is stored, the spectrum containing multiple current vectors y corresponding to preset locations, each current vector y consisting of N current sample values ​​collected at the preset location (N is an integer greater than 1).

[0023] Receive the real-time current signal returned by the wearable medical device, extract the current values ​​of N consecutive sampling points, and construct a real-time current vector x, where the dimension of x is the same as the dimension of the current vector y;

[0024] The similarity between the real-time current vector x and the preset current vector y is calculated using the Euclidean distance algorithm. The Euclidean distance is specifically represented as "the square root of the sum of the squares of the differences in current values ​​in each dimension". Here, x is the real-time current signal vector, whose elements are N current sample values ​​collected in real time; y is the preset current fingerprint vector, whose elements are N current sample values ​​pre-stored at a preset position.

[0025] (i.e., second-order Minkowski distance, corresponding to the Euclidean distance definition); when the calculated Euclidean distance is less than a preset threshold D, it is confirmed that the relative positional deviation between the wireless charging device and the wearable medical device is within a preset range.

[0026] The protocol parsing module stores a preset current fingerprint spectrum. The spectrum contains multiple current vectors y corresponding to preset locations. Each current vector y consists of N current sample values ​​collected at that location.

[0027] During runtime:

[0028] Receive the real-time current signal returned by the wearable medical device, extract N consecutive sampling points to construct a real-time current vector x (with the same dimension as y);

[0029] The similarity between x and each predefined vector y is calculated using Euclidean distance (i.e., second-order Minkowski distance), where the distance is defined as:

[0030]

[0031] When the Euclidean distance d(x,y) between a preset vector y and a real-time vector x is less than a preset threshold D, it is confirmed that the relative positional deviation between the wireless charging device and the wearable medical device is within the preset range (i.e., it is determined to be "aligned").

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, when the protocol parsing module determines the position deviation, the system can visually provide position information through the indicator module to guide the user to adjust the position. In one embodiment, the indicator module is a graphic display module, which presents a fixed center mark on the display interface as an alignment reference, and presents a dynamic circle with the center as the center. The radius of the dynamic circle changes with the real-time relative position deviation value, and the user adjusts the position accordingly until the circle radius meets the alignment conditions.

[0033] To achieve continuous and adaptive control of the T1 / T2 ratio, the timing control module can use the following nonlinear function to establish a mapping relationship between the T1 ratio and the position deviation x:

[0034] .

[0035] Where x is the position deviation, representing the real-time radial distance deviation between the first coil and the second coil of the wearable device;

[0036] The baseline proportion represents the communication timing when x=0 (coil precisely aligned). The recommended range for the percentage of the entire work cycle (i.e., the initial percentage) is as follows. ;

[0037] k is a proportionality coefficient used to control the rate at which the proportion increases with positional deviation. A suggested value range is... ;

[0038] m is the nonlinearity index, which controls the degree (shape) of nonlinearity in the change of proportion with deviation. A suggested value range is... ;

[0039] This represents the natural exponential function.

[0040] As the positional deviation x increases, the proportion of T1 increases monotonically, thus prioritizing communication to complete alignment; when x approaches 0, the proportion of T1 approaches the reference. .

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of this application, when the protocol parsing module detects that the current communication signal contains physiological parameter data frames (such as real-time blood glucose, ECG, etc.), it will trigger a short-term increase in the T1 percentage: when no physiological parameters are read, the T1 percentage is the baseline. If single-frame physiological parameter data is detected, the T1 proportion will be adjusted from... Increase to ,in After the physiological data reading was completed, the proportion of T1 dropped back to... .

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of this application, the device may further include a temperature sensor, and the timing control module dynamically adjusts the proportion of T1 and T2 based on the real-time temperature; when the coil temperature reaches a preset safety threshold, the system increases the proportion of T1 in stages according to the temperature range, and suspends charging while maintaining communication under overheating conditions to ensure safety; after the temperature recovers, it automatically drops back according to the priority rules.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, to balance real-time safety and the priority of physiological data, a three-level progressive adjustment mechanism is proposed, with the adjustment order and priority as follows: current signal triggering < physiological parameter triggering < temperature triggering. The specific rules are as follows:

[0044] Triggered by a current signal, the initial value of the proportion of T1 is calculated when the deviation of the coupling current exceeds a preset threshold;

[0045] Physiological parameter triggering: When a physiological parameter reading request or multiple consecutive frames of physiological parameter data are received, the proportion of extended T1 is superimposed on the current signal adjustment result and overwritten by the former.

[0046] Temperature triggering: When the coil temperature is detected to reach the preset safety threshold, the proportion of T1 is immediately increased according to the temperature range (charging is paused and communication is maintained in case of severe overheating). This temperature triggering directly overrides the adjustment results of the first two levels; after the temperature recovers, it reverts to the low priority adjustment state.

[0047] Through the above technical solutions, the present invention can achieve a high degree of synergy between communication and charging on a single coil: on the one hand, alignment judgment and visual guidance based on current fingerprint significantly improve alignment accuracy and user experience, and reduce energy loss and charging time; on the other hand, through nonlinear proportion function and three-level priority dynamic scheduling, charging efficiency can be maximized and smooth "communicating while charging" can be achieved while ensuring real-time transmission of key physiological data and system safety (temperature protection). Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This indicates that external devices and wearable devices are coupled via a coil to complete communication and charging.

[0049] Figure 2 The system block diagram illustrates the charging and communication link between the wireless charging device and the wearable device.

[0050] Figure 3 The timing diagram shows the alternation of communication timing and charging timing within a working cycle.

[0051] Figure 4 It represents the three states of alignment, maintenance, and charging, as well as the smooth transition based on indicators.

[0052] Figure 5 The flowchart shows that a handshake is performed first, and then real-time current fingerprints are collected and matched for judgment.

[0053] Figure 6 The interface diagram uses a center circle and a dynamic circle to display alignment deviations and adjustment directions. Detailed Implementation

[0054] This invention is applicable to various types of wearable medical terminals, commonly including continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices, wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors, pulse oximetry (SpO2) wristbands, etc. It achieves efficient and safe wireless power replenishment while ensuring reliable transmission of physiological parameters. The following is an example of a CGM device.

[0055] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a schematic diagram of a wireless charging device 100 and a wearable medical device 200 is included. A PCBA 202 is arranged below the second coil 201. The PCBA 202 is equipped with a CGMS module 203, a rectification and power management module 204, a wireless radio frequency transmission module 205, a protocol parser and other IC components 206. During operation, a charging link 300 and a communication link 301 are formed between the wireless charging device 100 and the wearable medical device 200.

[0056] Furthermore, the CGMS module 203 includes an electrochemical sensing electrode, a microcurrent detection and front-end circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a low-power microcontroller and protocol parsing module, and a non-volatile memory.

[0057] Furthermore, the rectifier and power management unit 204 is connected to the second coil 202, the wireless radio frequency transmission module 205, and the rectifier and power management unit 204.

[0058] Furthermore, other components include a built-in rechargeable battery, a temperature sensor, a charging current sensor, such as a buzzer, a housing and skin-adhesive structure 234, and necessary protection and filtering circuitry.

[0059] Furthermore, the wireless radio frequency transmission module 205 is responsible for receiving / transmitting protocol frames during communication timing and receiving radio frequency energy according to the instructions of the protocol or protocol parsing module during charging timing. This module works in conjunction with the protocol parsing module to achieve handshake, timing synchronization, and power control.

[0060] Reference Figure 2 The diagram shows the module structure of a wireless charging device.

[0061] The wireless charging device 100 can be an external specific device, such as a dedicated reader or a mobile phone that supports NFC / near field coupling. The wearable medical device 200 is near field radio frequency coupled to the wireless charging device 100 through the top-mounted second coil 202. It can send / receive communication frames carrying physiological data according to a predetermined protocol, and can also output radio frequency energy to wirelessly charge the wearable device while communicating.

[0062] A wireless charging device 100 for wearable medical devices includes a first coil 101 configured to transmit radio frequency signals for wireless communication and to emit electromagnetic energy for wireless charging. In communication mode, it transmits / receives modulated radio frequency signals to enable bidirectional data interaction with an external device 400; in charging mode, it transmits or receives high-amplitude electromagnetic energy at an appropriate carrier frequency to wirelessly charge the wearable device 200.

[0063] A wireless charging device 100 for wearable medical devices includes a first coil 101, a wireless radio frequency transmission module 102, a timing control module 103, and a protocol parsing module 104.

[0064] The wireless radio frequency transmission module 102 is connected to the first coil 101 and is configured to transmit communication commands or wireless charging commands through the first coil 101 and receive communication signals returned by the wearable medical device, the communication signals including physiological parameter signals or charging parameter signals.

[0065] Furthermore, the wireless radio frequency transmission module 205 receives and demodulates the uplink communication signals transmitted from the wearable device during the communication timing. These communication signals may include physiological parameters such as blood glucose and blood oxygen levels, or charging parameters such as real-time coupling current, voltage, and temperature. The wireless radio frequency transmission module 205 manages the switching of the second coil 202 between different charging paths 240 or communication circuit paths 241 at different timings, and provides protection and dead time during switching.

[0066] Furthermore, a typical wireless radio frequency transmission module consists of several key sub-units, which can be independent chips, integrated into the module, or software modules. These include: a transmitting unit, which mainly comprises a power amplifier, a modulator supporting multiple modulation methods such as ASK / OOK / FSK / PSK / NFC, and output matching and protection circuitry; and a receiving unit, which consists of a low-noise amplifier, a bandpass filter, a down-conversion / direct sampling ADC, a demodulator, and automatic gain control. To achieve timing switching between communication and charging functions and circuit protection, the protection circuitry includes a limiter, clamping circuitry, and dead-time control signals. In addition, the matching and resonant network, through switched capacitors or variable matching elements, completes impedance matching and resonance adjustment for both communication and charging modes.

[0067] The wireless radio frequency transmission module 102 interacts with the protocol parsing module 104 to transmit commands, exchange data frames, and report status via SPI / I²C / UART or parallel interface.

[0068] The protocol parsing module 104 is connected to the wireless radio frequency transmission module 102 and the timing control module 103 respectively. It is configured to store a preset communication protocol and parse the communication signals returned by the wearable medical device. The protocol parsing module 104 is used to parse the physiological parameters and the charging parameters during charging according to the communication protocol.

[0069] The timing control module 103 is connected to the wireless radio frequency transmission module 102. During the device's working state, the timing control module 103 divides and controls the communication timing and charging timing according to the protocol parsing module 104, coordinates the wireless radio frequency transmission module 102 and the protocol parsing module 104, dynamically adjusts the ratio and stage of T1 / T2 according to real-time feedback, and manages the charging power, switching dead zone, and charging safety strategy.

[0070] Furthermore, the working state of the wireless charging device is divided into alternating communication timing and charging timing, and the communication protocol includes communication duration agreement signals and charging duration agreement signals.

[0071] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, according to the communication duration agreement signal of the communication protocol, the duration of the communication sequence is configured as T1; according to the charging duration agreement signal of the communication protocol, the duration of the charging sequence is configured as T2, where T1 and T2 are preset values ​​or dynamically negotiated values ​​greater than 0; the timing ratio of T1 or T2 is adjusted according to the charging parameters.

[0072] Furthermore, the charging parameters include charging current parameters, temperature parameters during charging, and alignment parameters between the charging device and the wearable medical device during charging.

[0073] Reference Figure 4 The diagram shows the working status of the wireless device.

[0074] The system's three operating states—alignment, maintenance, and charging—form a dynamic state machine. These states transition smoothly through multi-dimensional conditions, and stable operation is achieved through a combination of security mechanisms and data priority management. The triggering conditions for the alignment state include the start, the initial handshake phase, and the minimum distance obtained from real-time current fingerprint comparison.

[0075] Exceeding the alignment threshold D, coupling current Below the weak coupling threshold If communication fails consecutively, or if the user / APP forces an alignment request, the system will significantly increase the communication rate by repeatedly requesting N current samples and having the protocol parsing module calculate the deviation vector. This will drive the indication module to guide the user to fine-tune the position until K consecutive decision windows meet the requirements. and Achieve de-jitter processing and smoothly switch to the hold state.

[0076] In maintenance mode, the system balances communication and charging demands using a baseline ratio, while periodically sampling and verifying the alignment status. When the battery SOC is detected to be below a preset threshold or a user issues a fast charging request, and the temperature condition is normal, charging is accelerated by increasing the charging timing T2, increasing the transmit power, or setting a higher charging current. The charging status is monitored in real-time during each communication time slot, including received current, battery voltage, and temperature. If charging is completed, the user cancels the operation, or coupling deteriorates (minimum distance...), the system will take action.

[0077] Exceeding the alignment threshold D or If the system fails to return to the maintenance state or directly enters the alignment state for re-alignment, it will immediately revert to the maintenance state or directly enter the alignment state for re-alignment. In addition, when a high-priority physiological data request is received in any state, the system will temporarily increase the communication priority (shortly increase the communication timing T1 or pause charging) to ensure data integrity. After completion, the system will restore the original state according to the de-jittering and smoothing strategy.

[0078] All state transitions require inter-module confirmation. If confirmation fails, the process will retry M times before entering a safety or communication priority rollback process. If any state detects an over-limit temperature, a power management chip alarm, or a serious communication failure, the temperature / safety protection mechanism will prioritize interrupting charging and entering an alignment retry phase. All criteria are processed using sliding windows or exponential smoothing to avoid frequent switching caused by instantaneous jitter. At the same time, state transition logs are recorded for subsequent optimization and fault analysis to ensure data integrity and human safety.

[0079] In the alignment state, when the protocol parsing module parses the coil alignment position deviation information returned by the wearable medical device and finds that it exceeds the preset range, it controls the duration T1 of the communication timing to be greater than the duration T2 of the charging timing (T1 > T2).

[0080] Furthermore, in the alignment state, the protocol parsing module calculates the alignment error between the first coil of the charging device and the second coil of the medical device based on the current parameters fed back in the communication timing.

[0081] The protocol parsing module stores a preset current fingerprint spectrum. The spectrum contains multiple current vectors y corresponding to preset locations. Each current vector y consists of N current sample values ​​collected at the preset location (N is an integer greater than 1).

[0082] Furthermore, the current fingerprint is a database or lookup table containing standard samples of multi-point current sampling vectors received at several known relative positions or alignment states. Each fingerprint entry typically includes: a location identifier, N consecutive current sample values, ambient temperature at the time of sampling, power supply / battery voltage, and statistics (mean, covariance, etc.). During runtime, the real-time current vector returned by the device is compared with the fingerprint database to determine whether the current alignment is correct, and the deviation is estimated to drive T1 / T2 adjustments and user guidance.

[0083] For example, the JSON structure of one of the fingerprint samples is as follows:

[0084] {

[0085] "pos_id":"center",

[0086] "y":[0.102,0.098,0.100,...], / / N=16

[0087] "mu":[...],

[0088] "cov":[...], / / optional

[0089] "T_meas": 32.5,

[0090] "V_batt": 3.7,

[0091] "ts":"2025-10-05T10:00:00Z",

[0092] "crc":"0x4af3"

[0093] }

[0094] Where pos_id represents the position or attitude label, such as "center", "offset_up_2mm", which represents the offset distance from the center of the circle with the alignment position as the center; y represents the current sampling vector of length N; μ represents the vector mean; cov(y) represents an NxN covariance matrix or a diagonal approximation; T_meas represents the ambient temperature; V_batt represents the battery voltage (V); timestamp represents the timestamp; CRC represents the digital signature.

[0095] The current fingerprint spectrum is established by a one-to-one pairing between the charging device and the implantable medical device before leaving the factory.

[0096] The setup process includes: placing the wearable device at several reference positions Pj, such as the center, 2mm above, 2mm below, left / right, etc., for a total of M positions; collecting data from M windows at each position, with N points per window; and preprocessing each window to obtain the dataset.

[0097] Then, the fingerprint vector at that location is calculated, and the mean vector is used as the fingerprint vector. Simultaneously calculate the covariance matrix. , where j represents the position and M represents the number of samples.

[0098] Finally, the data is stored in firmware or written to non-volatile memory (Flash) along with the device, and the temperature / voltage is recorded. Each record is then CRC-checked and signed.

[0099] The protocol parsing module determines the alignment error by matching the current signal with the current fingerprint spectrum.

[0100] The protocol parsing module 104 determines the alignment error by matching the current signal with the current fingerprint spectrum.

[0101] In the aligned state, charging timing T2 transmits charging energy through the first charging timing coil 101, and at the same time, the second charging timing coil 202 receives the charging energy and generates current. After the current sensor of the wearable medical device detects the current signal, it sends it to the charging device through the second coil 203 in the communication timing.

[0102] The protocol parsing module 1014 receives the real-time current signal returned by the wearable medical device, extracts the current values ​​of N consecutive sampling points, wherein the N current values ​​are data collected one by one in the N charging time sequence and communication time sequence, thereby constructing a real-time current vector x, wherein the dimension of x is the same as the dimension of the current vector y.

[0103] The similarity between the real-time current vector x and the preset current vector y is calculated using the Euclidean distance algorithm, whereby the Euclidean distance is specifically expressed as... After comparing the current vector with the fingerprint database, take

[0104] ,if If the alignment is confirmed, it is considered aligned; otherwise, it is considered misaligned. Here, x is a real-time current signal vector, the elements of which are N current sampling values ​​collected in real time; y is a preset current fingerprint vector, the elements of which are N current sampling values ​​pre-stored at a preset position; when the calculated Euclidean distance is less than a preset threshold D, it is confirmed that the relative positional deviation between the wireless charging device and the wearable medical device is within a preset range.

[0105] If the coil alignment position deviation signal exceeds the preset range, the duration T1 of the communication timing is extended to increase the number of transmissions of the position calibration signal.

[0106] Furthermore, the timing control module 103 is configured to dynamically adjust the ratio of T1 to T2 using a nonlinear function, wherein the ratio has a functional relationship with the position deviation as follows: ,in:

[0107] x represents the positional deviation, specifically the real-time radial distance deviation between the first coil 101 and the second coil 202 of the wearable medical device, as described in this application. f0 is the initial proportion, representing the proportion of T1 in the total working state when the position deviation x=0, and its value range is... k is a proportionality coefficient that controls the rate of change of the proportion with positional deviation, and its value range is... ; m is a nonlinear exponent, controlling the degree of nonlinearity in the change of proportion, and its value range is... e is the natural exponential function.

[0108] To facilitate user guidance during alignment, the charging device 100 further includes an indicator module configured to instruct the user to move the charging device for alignment when misalignment is detected. The charging device also includes an indicator module connected to the protocol storage and parsing module, configured to provide visual feedback of relative positional deviation information to guide the user in adjusting the position of the charging device.

[0109] The charging device 100 also includes an indicator module 105 for receiving the normalized deviation value and deviation direction obtained from the current fingerprint comparison and guiding the user to adjust the position visually, tactilely, or audioly. The indicator module 105 can be in single or combined form, such as a ring / segmented LED, a multi-color progress bar, or a small graphic display for displaying the deviation magnitude and movement direction with color, brightness, sector illumination, dynamic circles, or arrows. A tactile vibration unit is used to indicate the direction through strong or weak or left-right vibrations. Audio or voice prompts are used for voice or sequence guidance and can be linked with a mobile APP to provide more precise millimeter-level movement prompts on the screen or in AR. The indicator mapping rule is to map the deviation vector to color, brightness, sector index, and vibration intensity. When the alignment deviation is less than a preset positioning threshold, a green indicator is used and a positioning prompt is issued.

[0110] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 The indicator module is a graphics display module 1051, which includes a graphics display interface and a data receiving and processing unit. The data receiving and processing unit is used to receive real-time deviation vectors and normalize the deviation vectors. The normalized vectors are mapped to display parameters.

[0111] The graphics display module 1051 is configured to present a fixed center mark 1052 as a position alignment reference in the display interface, and a dynamic circle centered on the center mark 1052, the radius R of which is determined according to the normalized distance.

[0112] According to the relationship The length changes dynamically, and when r reaches or is less than a preset positioning threshold, the circle is formed. The radius of the dynamic circle changes dynamically with the relative positional deviation between the wireless charging device and the wearable medical device.

[0113] Furthermore, the graphic display module 1051 can also display the deviation direction and suggested movement amount on the interface in the form of arrows, numerical values ​​(e.g., "move 3mm to the right") or progress bars, support a refresh rate of 5–20Hz, and overlay a safety prompt or stop alignment guidance when a temperature or safety abnormality is detected; when the display module or communication is abnormal, the system automatically reverts to vibration or LED indicator mode to ensure that the user guidance is not interrupted.

[0114] It's important to note that in alignment mode, by dynamically adjusting the communication timing, increasing the communication ratio T_1, raising the sampling / refresh frequency, and appropriately shortening the de-jitter / smoothing time constant, the system can obtain real-time current / phase samples and complete fingerprint matching more quickly when the wearer shifts or makes minor adjustments. This significantly reduces the delay from "movement occurring" to "graphical interface reflecting suggested movement amount / direction." The graphical display module can therefore directly reflect the current coupling state with lower perceived latency, more refined animations, and more timely alignment prompts, improving user adjustment efficiency and alignment success rate, resulting in a better user alignment experience.

[0115] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In the alignment state, when the protocol parsing module 104 receives the charging current information returned by the wearable medical device 200, which reaches a preset threshold Ithrow and the coil alignment position deviation information is within a preset range, the duration T1 of the communication timing is controlled to be equal to the duration T2 of the charging timing.

[0116] This approach ensures reliable reporting of physiological data while maintaining continuous energy replenishment through a balanced timing (communication and charging), achieving a trade-off between data integrity and charging efficiency. Entering this state requires simultaneously satisfying the moving average value of the real-time charging current. Greater than or equal to the preset holding threshold Minimum Euclidean distance for current fingerprint matching The power management module did not report an error when the temperature was below the alignment threshold D and the temperature was below the warning threshold. Use exponential moving average (EMA) or sliding window average to suppress transient noise. ,typical .

[0117] Sustaining state charging current It is usually set as the ideal coupling current. A certain proportion, for example Weak coupling threshold To avoid jitter, it must satisfy the condition of K consecutive working cycles (e.g., K=2) or continuous... The switch is confirmed only after the condition is met within 500ms (for example); similarly, inaccuracy judgment also needs to be debouncing.

[0118] Regarding charging power, if the charging device has a transmission power of 100... (Effective power during charging sequence) and rectification efficiency is Then the average charging power of a single cycle T2 is approximately:

[0119]

[0120] To avoid jitter, it is necessary to satisfy the condition of K consecutive working cycles (e.g., K=2) or continuous For example, the switch is only confirmed after the conditions are met; similarly, inaccurate judgments also need to be debouncing.

[0121] The temperature sensor continuously monitors the temperature of the medical device. If the temperature reaches a threshold, such as 45°C, switching from the aligned state to the continuous state is not allowed.

[0122] $T_2$ is used to reduce charging power, or if the temperature rises to a threshold during the maintenance state if the temperature T reaches a certain threshold. For example, charging will immediately stop at 55℃ and the system will enter alignment mode.

[0123] like M consecutive periods below If the system is in an unstable state, it immediately reverts to the aligned state and triggers the user guidance interface, until it re-aligns and enters this state again.

[0124] If a high-priority physiological data request is received, the TCU may temporarily interrupt charging or temporarily increase T1 within a single cycle (e.g., increase T1 to a certain value). Restore after data transmission is complete. .

[0125] During charging, the system prioritizes energy replenishment. The adjustment sequence is current signal-triggered adjustment, physiological parameter-triggered adjustment, and temperature-triggered adjustment, with the priority increasing in that order. Current signal-triggered adjustment is the basic adjustment, and the initial value of T1 ratio is calculated when the coupling current deviation exceeds a preset threshold. Physiological parameter-triggered adjustment is the intermediate adjustment; when a physiological parameter reading request or multiple consecutive frames of physiological parameter data are received, the extended T1 ratio is superimposed on the current signal adjustment result and overwrites the former.

[0126] When the protocol parsing module 104 detects the actual charging current returned by the wearable device Below the preset threshold If the coupling efficiency decreases or the transmission power is insufficient, the timing control module 103 should increase the average injected energy and / or wait for a longer time to accumulate charging energy by extending the charging timing T2 and correspondingly shortening the communication timing T1 (i.e., T2>T1), thereby restoring or maintaining the charging rate as much as possible; at the same time, it should trigger alignment detection and security checks in parallel, and fall back to the alignment state if necessary.

[0127] Furthermore, the current communication ratio can be adjusted proportionally by increment. The charging ratio is .when Note: It also limits the step size and boundaries, and adjusts the communication frequency according to the step size. The adjusted communication frequency is: ,in , This represents the largest single change in percentage (e.g., 0.1). , .

[0128] in, This indicates the total duration of a control cycle (e.g., 500–2000 ms, example 1000 ms).

[0129] This indicates the duration allocated to the communication.

[0130] This indicates the percentage of communication.

[0131] This represents the received charging current transmitted from the wearable device after filtering / moving average or EMA. It is used to measure coupling quality / actual charging performance.

[0132] This represents the target / threshold current, used to determine whether adjustment is needed. For example, it can be set to 0.8 times the ideal coupling current or obtained through calibration.

[0133] This indicates the increase in the communication ratio calculated in this adjustment (which may be positive or negative).

[0134] The negative sign in the formula indicates that when hour, ,so This indicates a reduction in the proportion of communication. This will increase the proportion of charging. This allows for a faster charging time slot when the current is low.

[0135] This represents the proportional gain (dimensionless), which controls the sensitivity of the proportional adjustment; an exemplary range is 0.1–0.3.

[0136] Larger The response is faster but may introduce oscillations; smaller This indicates a stable but slow response.

[0137] This indicates the maximum change in percentage for a single adjustment (e.g., 0.1), used to limit the magnitude of a single adjustment and prevent sudden changes.

[0138] This indicates the lower limit of the communication ratio, ensuring at least a minimum communication window (e.g., ,like and ,but .

[0139] Furthermore, adjustments can be made according to exponential increments. Then apply boundary constraints and smooth the surface. For the current or baseline percentage, k>0 controls sensitivity.

[0140] Furthermore, the frequency can be controlled using the PI controller method to obtain a more stable closed-loop control.

[0141] Furthermore, when the temperature of the second coil 202 is detected to reach the preset safety threshold, the temperature-triggered adjustment becomes the highest priority adjustment. The proportion of T1 is increased according to the temperature range, so that charging is suspended and communication is maintained when overheating occurs, and the adjustment results of the first two levels are directly overridden. After the temperature returns to normal, it automatically falls back to the low-priority adjustment results.

[0142] For example ,

[0143] in Control the temperature response intensity; and ensure Commonly used Perform a linear cover. When Forced , Charging is paused, and a safety alarm / user alert is issued. When the temperature drops to... Below, temperature coverage is removed, and the system smoothly rolls back based on physiological / current layer results.

[0144] For example, , hysteresis , .

[0145] During charging, when the protocol storage and parsing module 104 detects that the current communication signal contains a physiological parameter data frame, it triggers a T1 ratio adjustment. For example, when the protocol parsing module receives / parses an uplink or downlink frame and determines that the frame is a physiological parameter data frame, such as a CGM blood glucose data frame, it immediately notifies the timing control module to temporarily increase the communication ratio T1. This is achieved by parsing the frame header or control bits, or by detecting... This can be a single-frame request or a continuous stream of frames.

[0146] When physiological parameters are not read, the T1 percentage is the baseline percentage. ;

[0147] If single-frame physiological parameter data is detected, the T1 proportion will be adjusted from... Increase to ,in When the physiological parameter signal reading request is terminated, the T1 percentage returns to the baseline percentage. .

[0148] Through the overall implementation of the above technical solution, this application has the following technological advancements compared to the prior art.

[0149] A single coil can handle both wireless data exchange and wireless charging, reducing the size of components and housings, lowering BOM and manufacturing costs, and facilitating the design of small, fully sealed wearable products.

[0150] By using time-sharing (T1 / T2) and adaptive percentage control, charging / low-power operation is prioritized during non-essential communication times, thereby reducing long-term average energy consumption at the system level, extending the continuous working time of wearable devices, and reducing the frequency of user replacement.

[0151] By using a pre-stored current fingerprint library to match and determine the Euclidean distance of the real-time current vector, the coil alignment can be accurately judged and the deviation estimated. This method is more stable and noise-resistant than the method based solely on RSSI / amplitude, and reduces the charging failure rate caused by misalignment.

[0152] It adopts a three-level progressive adjustment mechanism based on temperature, current, alignment status, and physiological signals, giving the highest priority to temperature and intelligently allocating the charging ratio while ensuring the priority transmission of key physiological data, thus balancing safety, user experience, and charging speed.

[0153] Intuitively guide users to complete alignment, improve the interactive experience, and reduce the alignment failure rate.

[0154] By introducing moving average, EMA, minimum switching interval, and debouncing window, we can reduce misjudgments and frequent state switching caused by instantaneous noise or slight jitter, thereby improving system stability and user experience.

[0155] Clearly defined thresholds, example parameters, and control pseudocodes facilitate rapid deployment, testing, and calibration; the fingerprint database supports firmware / APP distribution and signature verification, adapting to production and post-maintenance processes.

[0156] The solution using CGM as an example is universal and can also be applied to various low-power wearable terminals such as ECG and SpO2 wristbands. The system parameters can be calibrated according to the coil / PMIC characteristics.

[0157] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements to the above embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention. For example, the fingerprint matching algorithm can be replaced, the thresholds and timing parameters can be adjusted, the human-computer interaction method can be improved, or different PMIC / coil matching structures can be used. These equivalent modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made based on the content of the present invention specification and claims should be included within the protection scope of the present invention. The features defined in the specific claims can be combined as needed to form new implementation methods.

Claims

1. A wireless charging device for wearable medical devices, comprising: The first coil is configured to transmit radio frequency signals to enable wireless communication and to emit electromagnetic energy to enable wireless charging. A wireless radio frequency transmission module, connected to the first coil, is configured to transmit communication commands or wireless charging commands through the first coil and receive communication signals returned by the wearable medical device, the communication signals including physiological parameter signals or charging parameter signals; The timing control module is connected to the wireless radio frequency transmission module; The protocol parsing module, connected to both the wireless radio frequency transmission module and the timing control module, is configured to store preset communication protocols and parse the communication signals returned by the wearable medical device; characterized in that... The timing control module is configured as follows: The working state of the wireless charging device is divided into alternating communication and charging sequences. The communication protocol includes a communication duration agreement signal and a charging duration agreement signal. According to the communication duration agreement signal of the communication protocol, the duration of the communication sequence is configured as T1. According to the charging duration agreement signal of the communication protocol, the duration of the charging sequence is configured as T2, where T1 and T2 are preset values ​​or dynamically negotiated values ​​greater than 0. Adjust the timing ratio of T1 or T2 according to the charging parameters.

2. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the charging current signal is lower than a preset threshold, the duration of the charging sequence T2 is extended and the duration of the communication sequence T1 is shortened; if the coil alignment position deviation signal exceeds a preset range, the duration of the communication sequence T1 is extended to increase the number of transmissions of the position calibration signal.

3. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The timing control module is also configured to divide the working state into alternating alignment state, maintenance state, and charging state, and dynamically adjust the duration relationship between T1 and T2 according to different stages: In the alignment state, when the protocol parsing module parses the coil alignment position deviation information returned by the wearable medical device as exceeding the preset range, it controls the duration T1 of the communication timing to be greater than the duration T2 of the charging timing. In the maintenance state, when the protocol parsing module parses the charging current information returned by the wearable medical device to reach a preset threshold and the coil alignment position deviation information is within a preset range, the duration T1 of the communication timing is controlled to be equal to the duration T2 of the charging timing. In the charging state, when the protocol parsing module parses the charging current information returned by the wearable medical device as being lower than a preset threshold, it controls the duration T2 of the charging sequence to be greater than the duration T1 of the communication sequence.

4. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, The protocol storage and protocol parsing module is configured as follows: A preset current fingerprint spectrum is stored. The spectrum contains multiple current vectors y corresponding to preset locations. Each current vector y consists of N current sample values ​​collected at the preset location, where N is an integer greater than 1. Receive the real-time current signal returned by the wearable medical device, extract the current values ​​of N consecutive sampling points, and construct a real-time current vector x, where the dimension of x is the same as the dimension of the current vector y; The similarity between the real-time current vector x and the preset current vector y is calculated using the Euclidean distance algorithm, whereby the Euclidean distance is specifically expressed as... Where x is a real-time current signal vector, the elements of which are N current sampling values ​​collected in real time; y is a preset current fingerprint vector, the elements of which are N current sampling values ​​pre-stored at a preset position; p=2; when the calculated Euclidean distance is less than a preset threshold D, it is confirmed that the relative positional deviation between the wireless charging device and the wearable medical device is within a preset range.

5. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 4, characterized in that, The charging device also includes an indicator module, which is connected to the protocol storage and protocol parsing module and is configured to: provide visual feedback of relative position deviation information to guide the user to adjust the position of the charging device.

6. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 5, characterized in that, The indicator module is a graphic display module, configured as follows: The display interface presents a fixed center mark as a position alignment reference, and a dynamic circle centered on the center mark. The radius of the dynamic circle dynamically changes with the relative positional deviation between the wireless charging device and the wearable medical device.

7. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The timing control module is configured to dynamically adjust the ratio of T1 to T2 using a nonlinear function, and the functional relationship between the ratio and the position deviation is: T1 ratio ,in: x represents the positional deviation, specifically the real-time radial distance deviation between the first coil and the second coil of the wearable medical device, expressed in millimeters; f0 represents the initial proportion, indicating the percentage of the total working state when the positional deviation x = 0, with a value range of [missing value]. k is a proportionality coefficient that controls the rate of change of the proportion with positional deviation, and its value range is... ; m is a nonlinear exponent, controlling the degree of nonlinearity in the change of proportion, and its value range is... e is the natural exponential function.

8. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the protocol storage and protocol parsing module detects that the current communication signal contains physiological parameter data frames, it triggers the T1 ratio adjustment. When physiological parameters are not read, the T1 percentage is the baseline percentage. ; If single-frame physiological parameter data is detected, then the T1 proportion will be adjusted from... Increase to ,in ； When the physiological parameter signal reading request is terminated, the T1 percentage returns to the baseline percentage. .

9. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature sensor, and the timing control module is configured to dynamically adjust the ratio of communication timing T1 to charging timing T2 based on the real-time temperature detected by the temperature sensor.

10. The wireless charging device for wearable medical devices according to claim 1, characterized in that, The timing control module is configured to dynamically adjust the ratio of communication timing T1 to charging timing T2 through a three-level progressive adjustment mechanism. The adjustment order is current signal triggered adjustment, physiological parameter triggered adjustment, and temperature triggered adjustment, with the priority increasing sequentially: current signal triggered adjustment is the basic adjustment, and the initial value of T1 ratio is calculated when the coupling current deviation exceeds a preset threshold; physiological parameter triggered adjustment is the intermediate adjustment, and when a physiological parameter reading request or multiple consecutive frames of physiological parameter data are received, the T1 ratio is extended on the basis of the current signal adjustment result and covers the former; temperature triggered adjustment is the highest priority adjustment, and when the coil temperature is detected to reach a preset safety threshold, the T1 ratio is increased in stages according to the temperature range and directly covers the results of the first two levels of adjustment. After the temperature returns to normal, it automatically falls back to the low priority adjustment result.

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