Gear surface micro-texture ultrasonic auxiliary rotary table and laser processing device

Abstract

The tooth surface micro-texture ultrasonic auxiliary rotating workbench and the laser processing device are disclosed.The tooth surface micro-texture ultrasonic auxiliary rotating workbench comprises a shell assembly, a stator assembly, a rotor assembly, a clamping assembly and an ultrasonic vibration assembly.The shell assembly has a rotating cavity.The stator assembly is arranged in the rotating cavity.The rotor assembly is arranged in the rotating cavity, and the rotor assembly is arranged opposite to and spaced from the stator assembly.The stator assembly surrounds the rotor assembly, and the rotor assembly can rotate relative to the stator assembly in a first direction.The clamping assembly is transmissionally connected to the rotor assembly and can rotate with the rotor assembly.The clamping assembly is used for fixing a gear.The ultrasonic vibration assembly is arranged between the rotor assembly and the clamping assembly, and is used for ultrasonically vibrating the clamping assembly in the first direction at a preset frequency.The tooth surface micro-texture can improve the processing efficiency and the processing quality, and can be applied to the gear surface processing technical field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gear surface processing technology, and in particular to an ultrasonic-assisted rotary table and laser processing device for microtexturing gear surfaces. Background Technology

[0002] In cutting-edge fields of modern mechanical engineering, such as high-speed powertrains for new energy vehicles, accessory transmission systems for aero engines, and precision reducers for industrial robots, gears, as core transmission components, directly constrain the efficiency, lifespan, and noise, vibration, and surface roughness of the entire machine. With the continuous increase in power density, the contact stress on the gear working surface is increasing. While traditional gear surface processing techniques (such as grinding and honing) can guarantee micron-level macroscopic geometric accuracy, existing grinding processes are approaching the physical limits of material removal rate and surface integrity.

[0003] Tribological studies have shown that introducing microtextures with specific geometric features, dimensions, and distribution patterns onto the surfaces of kinematic pairs can significantly improve the friction and lubrication conditions of the interface. For gears, appropriate microtextures (such as micro-dimples, micro-grooves, herringbone grooves, etc.) can play the following key roles: 1. Hydrodynamic effect: Under high-speed operation, the microtexture acts as a miniature fluid bearing, generating additional hydrodynamic lift at the edge of oil film rupture, thereby improving the oil film's load-bearing capacity and reducing direct metal-to-metal contact; 2. Micro-oil reservoir effect: During start-up and shutdown or under lean oil conditions, the lubricating oil stored in the microtexture can be released into the contact area, providing secondary lubrication and preventing scuffing and scratching; 3. Abrasive particle trapping effect: The microtexture can accommodate wear-generated particles, reducing the plowing effect of abrasive particles at the contact interface, thereby reducing abrasive wear.

[0004] However, the fabrication of gear tooth surface microtextures faces extremely stringent challenges. First, gear tooth surfaces (especially helical bevel gears and hypoid gears) are extremely complex free-form surfaces in space, with their radii of curvature constantly changing with the meshing position, requiring machining tools to possess extremely high multi-axis linkage and following capabilities. Second, in order to achieve significant tribological effects, the size of the microtexture is typically on the order of micrometers to tens of micrometers, and a high aspect ratio is required to ensure oil retention and long-term effectiveness.

[0005] Among related technologies, microtexturing methods mainly include photolithography electrolysis, micro-electrical discharge machining, mechanical imprinting, and laser processing. Femtosecond lasers, with their ultrashort pulse width and extremely high peak power, remove material through a "cold processing" mechanism (primarily Coulomb explosion with minimal thermal melting), making them an ideal tool for fabricating microtextures on high-hardness tooth surfaces (such as carburized and quenched steel and nitrided steel). Despite the theoretical advantages of femtosecond lasers, existing industrial-grade equipment and technical solutions still have significant shortcomings in the actual processing of deep tooth surface textures:

[0006] 1. "Optical shielding" and chip removal bottleneck in deep hole machining: When femtosecond lasers ablate micro-pits or micro-grooves with large diameters on the tooth surface, the material is instantaneously vaporized or ionized into a plasma plume, accompanied by a large number of nano-sized particles sputtering. Inside the narrow micro-hole structure, these ejected materials are difficult to diffuse quickly and will form a high-density "plasma cloud" above the hole or accumulate at the bottom and sidewalls of the hole. The stagnant plasma cloud will absorb and scatter the energy of the subsequent incident laser pulse, resulting in a sharp drop in the effective energy density reaching the material surface. This not only greatly reduces the machining efficiency (saturation depth effect), but also causes the bottom surface morphology to deteriorate, resulting in excessive taper or bottom distortion.

[0007] 2. Unremoved slag and nanoparticles will re-attach to the interior or edge of the microtexture under the influence of gravity or electrostatic adsorption. After cooling, they form a hard recast layer. This not only destroys the geometric accuracy of the microtexture, but the recast layer is also often accompanied by tensile stress and microcracks, becoming the source of gear contact fatigue failure.

[0008] 3. The contradiction between processing efficiency and surface quality: To obtain high-quality microtextures, the current common practice is to reduce single-pulse energy and adopt a multi-layer scanning strategy. While this alleviates the light shielding effect, it results in extremely low processing efficiency, making it difficult to meet the large-scale production needs of the automotive industry. If the energy is increased, the thermal accumulation effect becomes apparent, the "cold processing" advantage of femtosecond lasers is lost, and surface oxidation and phase transitions follow. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes an ultrasonic-assisted rotary table for microtexturing tooth surfaces, which can improve processing efficiency and processing quality through microtexturing of tooth surfaces.

[0010] A laser processing device with an ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage having the aforementioned tooth surface microtexture is also proposed.

[0011] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a tooth surface microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage includes:

[0012] Housing assembly with a rotating cavity;

[0013] The stator assembly is disposed within the rotating cavity;

[0014] A rotor assembly is disposed within the rotating cavity. The rotor assembly is opposite to and spaced apart from the stator assembly. The stator assembly surrounds the rotor assembly. The rotor assembly is capable of rotating relative to the stator assembly about a first direction.

[0015] A clamping assembly is drive-connected to the rotor assembly and can rotate with the rotor assembly; the clamping assembly is used to fix the gear.

[0016] An ultrasonic vibration component is disposed between the rotor assembly and the clamping assembly, and the ultrasonic vibration component is used to cause the clamping assembly to vibrate ultrasonically at a preset frequency along the first direction.

[0017] The ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage with microtextured tooth surface according to the first aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. The ultrasonic vibration component drives the gear fixed by the clamping component to perform ultrasonic vibration in the first direction at a preset frequency. When the gear fixed by the clamping component is being processed, the material that disappears from the tooth surface forms a "plasma plume". The ultrasonic vibration of the gear causes the air column in the micro-hole of the tooth surface to generate rapid compression and expansion cycle, forming a micro-"acoustic flow" and pumping effect. This high-speed reciprocating airflow can press fresh air into the bottom of the hole and carry out the waste gas containing debris, completely breaking the gas stagnation layer in deep hole processing, eliminating the "light shielding" phenomenon, thereby improving processing efficiency and ensuring the morphological quality of the processed bottom surface.

[0019] 2. When the gear is fixed by the clamping component for machining, the unremoved slag and nanoparticles will re-attach to the inside or edge of the microtexture under the action of gravity or electrostatic adsorption. Ultrasonic vibration can generate an instantaneous acceleration of up to thousands of times the acceleration of gravity on the gear surface. This huge inertial force is enough to overcome the van der Waals force and electrostatic adsorption force between the nanoparticles and the substrate, so that the slag and debris particles generated by laser ablation are desorbed under the induction of high frequency inertial force, avoiding their accumulation inside or at the edge of the microtexture. This solves the chip removal bottleneck problem in deep hole machining and improves the machining quality.

[0020] 3. Ultrasonic vibration can improve the interaction process between laser and material, making the laser energy more evenly distributed in the processing area, reducing the heat accumulation effect, thereby improving processing efficiency while ensuring the quality of the processed surface and avoiding adverse phenomena such as surface oxidation and phase transformation.

[0021] 4. The ultrasonic vibration component is directly installed between the rotor assembly and the clamping assembly, so that the gear fixed by the clamping assembly can rotate and vibrate ultrasonically synchronously. This makes it easier to adjust the position of the gear teeth by rotating the rotor assembly after one microtexture is completed, so as to facilitate the processing of the next microtexture and improve processing efficiency. At the same time, the gear continuously vibrates ultrasonically, which further improves the processing quality of microtexture.

[0022] 5. During laser processing, the rotation of the rotor assembly produces strip-shaped microtextures, facilitating the processing of various microtexture patterns and further improving processing applicability to meet the processing needs of different microtextures.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration assembly includes a plurality of ultrasonic transducers and an elastic force equalizing plate. The plurality of ultrasonic transducers are sequentially distributed along a circumferential direction surrounding the first direction. The ultrasonic transducers are connected between the rotor assembly and the elastic force equalizing plate to cause the elastic force equalizing plate to vibrate ultrasonically along the first direction. The elastic force equalizing plate is connected to the clamping assembly and is capable of transmitting ultrasonic vibration along the first direction to the clamping assembly.

[0024] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the elastic force equalizing plate includes a connecting ring portion, a central ring portion, and a plurality of connecting arms portions, the connecting ring portion surrounding the central ring portion, the plurality of connecting arms portions being sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction and connected between the connecting ring portion and the central ring portion, the central ring portion being connected to the clamping assembly.

[0025] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of the connecting arms are spirally distributed in a clockwise direction, and the rotor assembly rotates relative to the stator assembly in the clockwise direction;

[0026] Alternatively, multiple connecting arms are spirally distributed in a counterclockwise direction, and the rotor assembly rotates relative to the stator assembly in the counterclockwise direction.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the connecting arm is arranged along the direction of the Archimedean spiral.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the rotor assembly is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly, the rotor assembly includes a first coil assembly and a second coil assembly, the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly are spaced apart along the first direction, both the first coil assembly and the second coil assembly are rotatable relative to the stator assembly about the first direction, and the second coil assembly is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the stator assembly includes a first compensation member, the rotor assembly includes a second compensation member, the first compensation member surrounds the first coil assembly and is wirelessly connected to the first coil assembly, the second compensation member surrounds the second coil assembly and is electrically connected between the ultrasonic vibration assembly and the second coil assembly.

[0030] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the housing assembly includes a base and a side shell, the base being connected to the side shell, and the base and the side shell forming the rotating cavity;

[0031] The rotor assembly includes a coil frame, a central shaft, and coil windings. One end of the central shaft passes through the base and is rotatably connected to the base. The coil frame is disposed in the rotating cavity and connected to the central shaft. The coil windings are connected to the coil frame.

[0032] The clamping assembly and the ultrasonic vibration assembly are both connected to the coil frame and / or the central shaft.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the central shaft includes a first limiting part, a shaft part, and a second limiting part. The shaft part sequentially passes through the base, the rotor assembly, the ultrasonic vibration assembly, and the clamping assembly along the first direction. The first limiting part is located on the side of the base away from the rotor assembly, and the second limiting part is located on the side of the clamping assembly away from the ultrasonic vibration assembly. The first limiting part and the second limiting part are used to limit the base, the rotor assembly, the ultrasonic vibration assembly, and the clamping assembly along the first direction. The first limiting part and / or the second limiting part are detachably connected to the shaft part.

[0034] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the rotor assembly further includes a first bearing and a second bearing, the first bearing being disposed between the first limiting portion and the base, and the second bearing being disposed between the coil frame and the base; the ultrasonic vibration assembly includes an elastic component;

[0035] The first limiting part, the base, the first bearing, the second bearing, the coil frame, the elastic component, the clamping component, and the second limiting part abut against each other in sequence along the first direction;

[0036] The elastic component includes a first elastic element, an elastic force equalizing plate, and a second elastic element that abut against each other in sequence along the first direction; or the first elastic element and the elastic force equalizing plate that abut against each other in sequence along the first direction; or the elastic force equalizing plate and the second elastic element that abut against each other in sequence along the first direction.

[0037] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a laser processing apparatus includes: the ultrasonic-assisted rotary table for microtextured tooth surfaces as described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0038] The laser processing apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: it can efficiently remove "plasma plumes, undischarged slag and nanoparticles" through the ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with tooth surface microtexture in the first aspect embodiment, thereby improving processing quality and processing efficiency.

[0039] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage with microtextured tooth surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor assembly in an ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surfaces according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic force equalizing plate in an ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Icon labels:

[0045] Housing assembly 100; Rotating cavity 101; Base 110; Side shell 120;

[0046] Stator assembly 200; First compensation component 210;

[0047] Rotor assembly 300; first coil assembly 310; second coil assembly 320; coil frame 330; central shaft 340; first limiting part 341; shaft part 342; second limiting part 343; coil winding 350; first bearing 360; second bearing 370; elastic component 380;

[0048] Clamping assembly 400;

[0049] Ultrasonic vibration assembly 500; ultrasonic transducer 510; elastic force equalizing plate 520; connecting ring 521; central ring 522; connecting arm 523. Detailed Implementation

[0050] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0052] In the description of this invention, "several" refers to one or more, and "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0053] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0054] Reference Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the first aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage with microtextured tooth surface, which includes a housing assembly 100, a stator assembly 200, a rotor assembly 300, a clamping assembly 400, and an ultrasonic vibration assembly 500.

[0055] In this embodiment, the housing assembly 100 has a rotating cavity 101. The housing surrounds and forms a cylindrical rotating cavity 101. The rotating cavity 101 is used to place other components and allows the rotor assembly 300 to rotate relative to the stator assembly 200.

[0056] The stator assembly 200 is disposed within the rotating cavity 101 and on the inner circumferential surface of the rotating cavity 101. The stator assembly 200 includes multiple stators, which are evenly spaced along the circumference of the rotating cavity 101. The stators can be permanent magnets. The stators can be fixedly connected to the housing assembly 100, integrally formed, or detachably connected. The specific arrangement and number of stators can be selected according to actual needs.

[0057] The rotor assembly 300 is disposed within the rotating cavity 101. The rotor assembly 300 is positioned opposite and spaced apart from the stator assembly 200, with the stator assembly 200 surrounding the rotor assembly 300. The rotor assembly 300 is capable of rotating relative to the stator assembly 200 about a first direction. The first direction refers to the axial direction of the rotating cavity 101. The rotor assembly 300 includes a coil winding 350. When energized, the coil winding 350 generates a magnetic force with the stator assembly 200, thereby driving the rotor assembly 300 to rotate relative to the stator assembly 200. The rotor assembly 300 and stator assembly 200 are positioned opposite each other to facilitate magnetic drive; the rotor assembly 300 and stator assembly 200 are spaced apart to form a rotational gap, facilitating the rotation of the rotor assembly 300 relative to the stator assembly 200. The spacing between the rotor assembly 300 and stator assembly 200 is substantially consistent, ensuring that the rotation axis of the rotor assembly 300 substantially coincides with the rotation axis of the rotating cavity 101.

[0058] The clamping assembly 400 is connected to the rotor assembly 300 and can rotate with the rotor assembly 300. The clamping assembly 400 is used to fix the gear. The clamping assembly 400 rotates together with the rotor assembly 300, thereby driving the gear to rotate as well, which facilitates the adjustment of the gear tooth surface position and makes it more convenient to use. Specifically, the gear has a fixing hole in the middle. The clamping assembly 400 can clamp the gear by gripping the fixing hole with its jaws, or it can be fixed by expanding its shaft. There are various clamping methods, which can be selected according to actual needs. This application does not impose any specific limitations.

[0059] An ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 is disposed between the rotor assembly 300 and the clamping assembly 400. The ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 is used to cause the clamping assembly 400 to vibrate ultrasonically along a first direction at a preset frequency. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 includes multiple sets of ultrasonic transducers 510. The ultrasonic transducers 510 apply ultrasonic vibration along the first direction to the clamping assembly 400, causing the gear to vibrate ultrasonically along the first direction, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of gear surface processing. The gear tooth surface can be a helical gear or a spur gear, and the laser processing direction can be along the first direction, perpendicular to the first direction, or at an angle to the first direction.

[0060] It is understandable that the ultrasonic vibration component 500 drives the gear fixed by the clamping component 400 to perform ultrasonic vibration at a preset frequency along the first direction. When the gear fixed by the clamping component 400 is being processed, the material that disappears from the tooth surface forms a "plasma plume". The ultrasonic vibration of the gear causes the air column in the micro-hole of the tooth surface to generate rapid compression and expansion cycle, forming a micro-"acoustic flow" and pumping effect. This high-speed reciprocating airflow can press fresh air into the bottom of the hole and carry out the waste gas containing debris, completely breaking the gas stagnation layer in deep hole processing, eliminating the "light shielding" phenomenon, thereby improving processing efficiency and ensuring the morphological quality of the processed bottom surface.

[0061] When the gear is fixed in the clamping assembly 400 for machining, the unremoved slag and nanoparticles will re-attach to the inside or edge of the microtexture under the action of gravity or electrostatic adsorption. Ultrasonic vibration can generate an instantaneous acceleration of up to thousands of times the acceleration of gravity on the gear surface. This huge inertial force is sufficient to overcome the van der Waals force and electrostatic adsorption force between the nanoparticles and the substrate, so that the slag and debris particles generated by laser ablation are desorbed under the induction of high frequency inertial force, avoiding their accumulation inside or at the edge of the microtexture. This solves the chip removal bottleneck problem in deep hole machining and improves the machining quality.

[0062] Ultrasonic vibration improves the interaction between laser and material, resulting in a more uniform distribution of laser energy in the processing area and reducing heat accumulation. This improves processing efficiency while ensuring surface quality and preventing adverse phenomena such as surface oxidation and phase transformation. The ultrasonic vibration component 500 is directly positioned between the rotor component 300 and the clamping component 400, allowing the gear fixed in the clamping component 400 to rotate and vibrate ultrasonically synchronously. This facilitates adjusting the gear tooth position by rotating the rotor component 300 after one microtexture is processed, enabling the processing of the next microtexture and improving efficiency. Simultaneously, continuous ultrasonic vibration of the gear further enhances the quality of microtexture processing. During laser processing, the rotation of the rotor component 300 produces strip-shaped microtextures, facilitating the processing of various microtexture patterns and further improving processing applicability to meet the processing needs of different microtextures.

[0063] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 includes a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 510 and an elastic force equalizing plate 520. The plurality of ultrasonic transducers 510 are sequentially distributed along the circumference surrounding the first direction. The ultrasonic transducers 510 are connected between the rotor assembly 300 and the elastic force equalizing plate 520 so that the elastic force equalizing plate 520 vibrates ultrasonically along the first direction. The elastic force equalizing plate 520 is connected to the clamping assembly 400 and is capable of transmitting ultrasonic vibration along the first direction to the clamping assembly 400.

[0064] In this embodiment, the ultrasonic transducer 510 includes a piezoelectric ceramic and an amplitude transformer. The piezoelectric ceramic generates vibration along a first direction, and the amplitude transformer amplifies this vibration. The amplitude transformer is connected to an elastic force equalizing plate 520 to transmit the vibration to the elastic force equalizing plate 520. The elastic force equalizing plate 520 uniformly transmits the vibration to the clamping assembly 400, thereby improving the stability and uniformity of vibration transmission and resulting in better ultrasonic vibration performance of the gears on the clamping assembly 400. The multiple ultrasonic transducers 510 are an array of Langevin-type piezoelectric transducers.

[0065] Specifically, the elastic force equalizing plate 520 effectively disperses the stress generated by ultrasonic vibration, preventing structural damage caused by localized stress concentration. The connection between the elastic force equalizing plate 520 and the clamping assembly 400 can be achieved through various methods, including bolting, welding, or snap-fit ​​connections, depending on the specific application and processing requirements. During actual processing, adjusting the number and distribution of the ultrasonic transducers 510 can further optimize the vibration effect of the elastic force equalizing plate 520, resulting in more uniform and stable ultrasonic vibration of the gears.

[0066] Reference Figure 3As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the elastic force equalizing plate 520 includes a connecting ring portion 521, a central ring portion 522 and a plurality of connecting arms 523. The connecting ring portion 521 surrounds the central ring portion 522, and the plurality of connecting arms 523 are distributed sequentially along the circumference and connected between the connecting ring portion 521 and the central ring portion 522. The central ring portion 522 is connected to the clamping assembly 400.

[0067] In this embodiment, the connecting ring 521 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 510 to receive the vibration energy transmitted by the ultrasonic transducer 510. Multiple connecting arms 523 are evenly distributed between the connecting ring 521 and the central ring 522, serving not only as a connection but also effectively dispersing the stress generated during vibration, preventing excessive local stress from damaging the elastic force equalizing plate 520. The central ring 522 is directly connected to the clamping assembly 400, stably transmitting the dispersed and homogenized vibration energy to the clamping assembly 400, thereby driving the gears fixed on the clamping assembly 400 to perform ultrasonic vibration. The structure of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 better adapts to the working requirements of ultrasonic vibration. The connecting arms 523 ensure the stability and uniformity of vibration transmission, improving the working performance and processing quality of the entire microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary table. Furthermore, the number and shape of the connecting arms 523 can be adjusted according to actual needs to achieve the optimal vibration transmission effect.

[0068] Specifically, the connecting arm 523 can adopt an arc-shaped design, which can further optimize the stress dispersion effect and make the elastic force equalizing plate 520 more stable and reliable when subjected to ultrasonic vibration. Moreover, the arc-shaped connecting arm 523 can also reduce the loss of vibration energy to a certain extent and improve the vibration transmission efficiency. In the actual manufacturing process, the connecting ring 521, the central ring 522, and the connecting arm 523 can be integrally molded, which can ensure the overall structural strength and stability of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 and avoid affecting the vibration transmission effect due to loosening of the connection parts. In addition, in order to adapt to clamping components 400 and gears of different sizes and shapes, the size and connection method of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 can also be adjusted and optimized accordingly to meet diverse processing requirements.

[0069] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, multiple connecting arms 523 are spirally distributed in a clockwise direction, and the rotor assembly 300 rotates relative to the stator assembly 200 in a clockwise direction; or, multiple connecting arms 523 are spirally distributed in a counterclockwise direction, and the rotor assembly 300 rotates relative to the stator assembly 200 in a counterclockwise direction.

[0070] In this embodiment, when the multiple connecting arms 523 are spirally distributed clockwise and the rotor assembly 300 rotates clockwise relative to the stator assembly 200, the spiral structure of the connecting arms 523 can better guide and disperse vibration energy, reducing energy loss during transmission and enhancing the overall stability of the elastic force equalizing plate 520. The clockwise rotation of the rotor assembly 300, in conjunction with the spiral distribution of the connecting arms 523, allows ultrasonic vibration to act more evenly on the clamping assembly 400, thereby ensuring the stability and consistency of the gear's ultrasonic vibration and improving the processing quality of the tooth surface microtexture. Similarly, when the multiple connecting arms 523 are spirally distributed counterclockwise and the rotor assembly 300 rotates counterclockwise relative to the stator assembly 200, the spiral structure of the connecting arms 523 can better guide and disperse vibration energy, reducing energy loss during transmission and enhancing the overall stability of the elastic force equalizing plate 520.

[0071] Furthermore, the helical distribution angle and pitch of the connecting arms 523 can be optimized according to actual needs. By adjusting the helical angle, the direction and speed of vibration energy transmission on the elastic force equalizing plate 520 can be changed, thereby further optimizing the ultrasonic vibration effect of the gear. Adjusting the pitch will affect the spacing between the connecting arms 523, thus affecting the ability of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 to disperse vibration energy. In practical applications, the helical distribution parameters of the connecting arms 523 can be comprehensively considered based on factors such as gear size, material, and processing requirements to achieve the best processing effect.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the connecting arm 523 is arranged along the direction of the Archimedean spiral.

[0073] In this embodiment, the connecting arms 523 are arranged in an Archimedean spiral direction, which makes their distribution more uniform and reasonable. During ultrasonic vibration transmission, this special spiral structure can better guide the vibration energy to diffuse evenly along a predetermined path, avoiding excessively strong or weak local vibrations, thereby further improving the ability of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 to disperse and uniformly transmit vibration energy. Furthermore, the Archimedean spiral has excellent geometric characteristics, enabling the connecting arms 523 to achieve a more optimized layout within a limited space, enhancing the overall structural stability of the elastic force equalizing plate 520, reducing deformation and damage caused by vibration, and extending its service life. Simultaneously, this arrangement can also reduce vibration energy loss during transmission to a certain extent, improving energy utilization efficiency, allowing the gears on the clamping assembly 400 to obtain more stable and uniform ultrasonic vibration, thereby improving the processing quality and efficiency of the tooth surface microtexture. In practical applications, the parameters of the Archimedean spiral can be appropriately adjusted according to different processing requirements and gear characteristics to achieve the best vibration transmission and processing effect.

[0074] Specifically, the trajectory formula for connecting arm 523 is:

[0075] ;

[0076] in The starting radius, The spiral growth coefficient is... The polar angle, expressed in degrees, represents the total number of degrees the Archimedes spiral has rotated.

[0077] Under axial stress, the connecting arm 523 undergoes bending deformation. Due to the significant increase in effective beam length, its axial stiffness decreases to 10. 6 The N / m range allows the ultrasonic transducer 510 to generate axial displacement of 10µm-20µm with extremely low driving force without affecting the rotor's rotational accuracy. When transmitting torque tangentially around the circumference, the connecting arm 523 primarily bears tensile or compressive stress, with a tangential stiffness as high as 10 N / m. 5 The N / m level ensures that there is no relative torsional lag between the gear and the rotor during high-speed rotation, emergency stop, and indexing, guaranteeing micron-level tooth surface indexing accuracy.

[0078] For ease of understanding, a specific elastic force equalizing plate 520 structure is used as an example for illustration below. The following content does not constitute a specific limitation on the invention: The main body of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 is preferably a thin titanium alloy plate (such as Ti-6Al-4V), and the plate thickness is preferably 0.6mm to 1.5mm. In this embodiment, the diameter of the connecting ring portion 521 of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 is approximately 120mm, and the outer diameter of the central ring portion 522 is approximately 30mm; the elastic force equalizing plate 520 is provided with N centrally symmetrical connecting arms 523 (refer to...). Figure 3 As shown (N=4), the width of each connecting arm 523 is approximately 1.2 mm. The spiral connecting arm 523 has a large length-to-diameter ratio, which makes the elastic force equalizing plate 520 exhibit a lower equivalent stiffness in the axial direction (which is beneficial for generating axial micro-vibrations on the order of 10µm to 20µm), while maintaining a higher equivalent stiffness in the tangential direction (which is beneficial for transmitting torque around the first direction and ensuring indexing accuracy).

[0079] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the rotor assembly 300 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500. The rotor assembly 300 includes a first coil assembly 310 and a second coil assembly 320. The first coil assembly 310 and the second coil assembly 320 are spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first coil assembly 310 and the second coil assembly 320 are rotatable relative to the stator assembly 200 around the first direction. The second coil assembly 320 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500.

[0080] In this embodiment, the first coil assembly 310 and the second coil assembly 320 are spaced apart along a first direction, and the gap between them is a power transmission gap, which mainly serves the function of electromagnetic coupling energy transmission. The gap value can be 0.5mm to 1.0mm, or other gap values. The first coil assembly 310 and the second coil assembly 320 are wound with high-frequency Litz wire and are respectively equipped with ferrite magnetic rings / magnetic sheets to enhance coupling, suppress leakage flux, and reduce coil heating. The coil and the magnetic components are integrally cured and encapsulated through a potting encapsulation layer to form a stable magnetic circuit and improve resistance to centrifugal force and oil mist and dust intrusion.

[0081] The second coil assembly 320 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500. The second coil assembly 320 provides the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 with the energy required for operation, enabling the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 to work normally and drive the gear on the clamping assembly 400 to perform ultrasonic vibration. This allows the tooth surface microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary table to integrate the functions of rotation and ultrasonic vibration, eliminating the need for an additional power source to drive the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500. This simplifies the structure of the entire table, reduces manufacturing costs, and improves energy utilization efficiency, making the entire tooth surface microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary table more efficient and energy-saving during the processing.

[0082] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the stator assembly 200 includes a first compensation member 210, the rotor assembly 300 includes a second compensation member, the first compensation member 210 surrounds the first coil assembly 310 and is wirelessly connected to the first coil assembly 310, the second compensation member surrounds the second coil assembly 320 and is electrically connected between the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 and the second coil assembly 320.

[0083] In this embodiment, both the first compensation element 210 and the second compensation element include an LCC resonant compensation network. The LCC resonant compensation network can reduce the reactive power caused by air gap leakage inductance and maintain a stable current output when the load changes. Specifically, the first compensation element 210 also includes a first inverter, and the second compensation element also includes a power conversion module. The external power supply unit outputs high-frequency AC power to the first inverter and the LCC resonant compensation network in the first compensation element 210, and wirelessly transmits high-frequency AC current to the first coil assembly 310 through the LCC resonant compensation network in the first compensation element 210. Then, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is excited in the gap between the first coil assembly 310 and the second coil assembly 320, and an induced electromotive force appears in the second coil assembly 320. The LCC compensation network in the second compensation element performs reactive power compensation and impedance matching for the induced electromotive force, and then enters the power conversion module for rectification, filtering and voltage regulation to form a stable DC bus or a stable AC drive power supply. Then, it is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 through the internal wiring of the rotor assembly 300 to drive the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 to generate ultrasonic vibration. The driving frequency obtained by amplifying the frequency in the second compensation component after passing through the power conversion module is 20kHz–40kHz, which is the ultrasonic vibration frequency of 20kHz–40kHz.

[0084] It is worth understanding that the power transmission path of "first coil assembly 310 → second coil assembly 320 → second compensation component (LCC compensation network) → power conversion module → ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 (ultrasonic transducer 510)" ensures that the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 can obtain a stable and efficient power supply under different working conditions, thereby ensuring that the gear on the clamping assembly 400 can continuously and stably perform ultrasonic vibration, improving the processing quality and efficiency of the tooth surface microtexture.

[0085] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the housing assembly 100 includes a base 110 and a side shell 120, the base 110 is connected to the side shell 120, and the base 110 and the side shell 120 together form a rotating cavity 101; the rotor assembly 300 includes a coil frame 330, a central shaft 340 and a coil winding 350, one end of the central shaft 340 passes through the base 110 and is rotatably connected to the base 110, the coil frame 330 is disposed in the rotating cavity 101 and connected to the central shaft 340, and the coil winding 350 is connected to the coil frame 330; the clamping assembly 400 and the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 are both connected to the coil frame 330 and / or the central shaft 340.

[0086] Among them, coil winding 350 refers to the first coil assembly 310 and the second coil assembly 320.

[0087] It is understandable that the housing assembly 100 provides a stable foundation support for the entire microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage. The rotating cavity 101 formed by the base 110 and the side shell 120 provides the necessary space for the rotation of the rotor assembly 300, ensuring that the rotor assembly 300 can rotate smoothly within it without external interference. The clamping assembly 400, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, and the coil frame 330 are all connected to the central shaft 340. The coil winding 350 is connected to the coil frame 330. When the coil winding 350 rotates, it drives the coil frame 330 to rotate, which in turn drives the central shaft 340 to rotate, causing the clamping assembly 400, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, and the rotor assembly 300 to rotate together, thereby realizing the combined rotational and vibrational motion of the gears.

[0088] Both the clamping assembly 400 and the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 are connected to the coil frame 330 and / or the central shaft 340, enabling the ultrasonic vibration to be directly and effectively transmitted to the clamping assembly 400, thereby driving the gears on the clamping assembly 400 to perform ultrasonic vibration, thus improving the processing quality and efficiency of the microtexture. In this embodiment, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 is connected to the coil frame 330, and the clamping assembly 400 is connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, indirectly connected to the coil frame 330. The coil frame 330 and the central shaft 340 are integrated. The elastic force equalizing plate 520 in the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 is spaced apart from the central shaft 340, or slidably connected to the central shaft 340 along a first direction. The clamping assembly 400 is also spaced apart from the central shaft 340, or slidably connected to the central shaft 340 along a first direction. The ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 has a through hole in the center of its elastic force equalizing plate 520 for the central shaft 340 to pass through, and the clamping assembly 400 also has a through hole in the center for the central shaft 340 to pass through. Furthermore, the clamping assembly 400, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, and the central shaft 340 are basically coaxially arranged, which makes the weight distribution more uniform and is more conducive to improving the rotational accuracy of the rotor assembly 300.

[0089] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the central shaft 340 includes a first limiting part 341, a shaft part 342, and a second limiting part 343. The shaft part 342 sequentially passes through the base 110, the rotor assembly 300, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, and the clamping assembly 400 along a first direction. The first limiting part 341 is located on the side of the base 110 away from the rotor assembly 300, and the second limiting part 343 is located on the side of the clamping assembly 400 away from the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500. The first limiting part 341 and the second limiting part 343 are used to limit the base 110, the rotor assembly 300, the ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, and the clamping assembly 400 along the first direction. The first limiting part 341 and / or the second limiting part 343 are detachably connected to the shaft part 342.

[0090] In this embodiment, the first limiting part 341 and the second limiting part 343 restrict the base 110, rotor assembly 300, ultrasonic vibration assembly 500, and clamping assembly 400 to move along the first direction, preventing axial displacement of these components during operation, thereby ensuring the stability and machining accuracy of the entire worktable. Furthermore, the first limiting part 341 and / or the second limiting part 343 are detachably connected to the shaft part 342, making the assembly and disassembly of the entire worktable more convenient. In practical applications, when maintenance or replacement of certain parts of the worktable is required, simply detaching the first limiting part 341 or the second limiting part 343 from the shaft part 342 allows for easy removal or installation of the relevant components, greatly improving work efficiency. Simultaneously, this detachable connection method also offers flexibility, allowing for the selection and installation of appropriate limiting parts according to different machining requirements and component specifications to meet diverse machining scenarios.

[0091] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some specific embodiments of the present invention, the rotor assembly 300 further includes a first bearing 360 and a second bearing 370. The first bearing 360 is disposed between the first limiting part 341 and the base 110, and the second bearing 370 is disposed between the coil frame 330 and the base 110. The ultrasonic vibration assembly 500 includes an elastic assembly 380. The first limiting part 341, the base 110, the first bearing 360, the second bearing 370, the coil frame 330, the elastic assembly 380, the clamping assembly 400, and the second limiting part 343 are sequentially abutted along a first direction. The elastic assembly 380 includes a first elastic member, an elastic force equalizing plate 520, and a second elastic member that are sequentially abutted along the first direction, or a first elastic member and an elastic force equalizing plate 520 that are sequentially abutted along the first direction; or an elastic force equalizing plate 520 and a second elastic member that are sequentially abutted along the first direction.

[0092] In this embodiment, the first bearing 360 is located between the first limiting part 341 and the base 110, and can withstand the axial and radial forces generated by the rotor assembly 300 during operation, ensuring the stability and smoothness of the rotor assembly 300 during rotation, and reducing energy loss and noise caused by friction and vibration. The second bearing 370 is located between the coil frame 330 and the base 110, and also provides good support for the rotation of the coil frame 330, so that the coil frame 330 can rotate smoothly relative to the housing assembly 100 under the drive of the coil winding 350, thereby reducing the sliding friction loss of the rotor assembly 300. The first bearing 360 and the second bearing 370 are crossed roller bearings or paired angular contact bearings.

[0093] The first and / or second elastic elements in the elastic component 380 can pre-compress the elastic force equalizing plate 520 along the first direction, providing a stable static pre-pressure to ensure efficient and stable transmission of vibration energy. In this embodiment, the elastic component 380 sequentially abuts against the first elastic element and the elastic force equalizing plate 520 along the first direction. The first elastic element can automatically adjust its deformation degree according to the working state and stress condition of the elastic force equalizing plate 520, thereby making the transmission of ultrasonic vibration energy of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 along the first direction more efficient and stable. Specifically, the first elastic element abuts against the central ring portion 522 of the elastic force equalizing plate 520 along the first direction.

[0094] A second aspect of the present invention provides a laser processing apparatus, comprising: a tooth surface microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage as described in the first aspect embodiment. It is understood that the laser processing apparatus can efficiently remove "plasma plumes, unremoved slag, and nanoparticles" using the tooth surface microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage as described in the first aspect embodiment, thereby improving processing quality and efficiency.

[0095] In this embodiment, the laser processing apparatus also includes a femtosecond laser, which emits laser light towards the tooth surface of the gear and forms a microtexture on the tooth surface. During the formation of the microtexture, an ultrasonic-assisted rotary table for tooth surface microtexture improves the processing quality and efficiency of the microtexture. Furthermore, after the gear processing is completed, the ultrasonic-assisted rotary table for tooth surface microtexture can also continuously rotate and vibrate the gear to further remove residue from the microtexture and improve the processing quality.

[0096] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tooth surface microtextured ultrasonic-assisted rotary stage, characterized in that, include: The housing assembly (100) has a rotating cavity (101); The stator assembly (200) is disposed within the rotating cavity (101); A rotor assembly (300) is disposed in the rotating cavity (101). The rotor assembly (300) is opposite to and spaced apart from the stator assembly (200). The stator assembly (200) surrounds the rotor assembly (300). The rotor assembly (300) is rotatable relative to the stator assembly (200) about a first direction. A clamping assembly (400) is drive-connected to the rotor assembly (300) and can rotate with the rotor assembly (300). The clamping assembly (400) is used to fix the gear. An ultrasonic vibration component (500) is disposed between the rotor component (300) and the clamping component (400), and the ultrasonic vibration component (500) is used to cause the clamping component (400) to vibrate ultrasonically at a preset frequency along the first direction. The ultrasonic vibration assembly (500) includes a plurality of ultrasonic transducers (510) and an elastic force equalizing plate (520). The plurality of ultrasonic transducers (510) are arranged sequentially along the circumference surrounding the first direction. The ultrasonic transducers (510) are connected between the rotor assembly (300) and the elastic force equalizing plate (520) to cause the elastic force equalizing plate (520) to vibrate ultrasonically along the first direction. The elastic force equalizing plate (520) is connected to the clamping assembly (400) and is capable of transmitting ultrasonic vibration along the first direction to the clamping assembly (400). The elastic force equalizing plate (520) includes a connecting ring portion (521), a central ring portion (522), and a plurality of connecting arms (523). The connecting ring portion (521) surrounds the central ring portion (522), and the plurality of connecting arms (523) are distributed sequentially along the circumferential direction and connected between the connecting ring portion (521) and the central ring portion (522). The central ring portion (522) is connected to the clamping assembly (400). The connecting arm (523) is arranged along the Archimedean spiral direction, and the plurality of the connecting arms (523) are spirally distributed in a clockwise direction. The rotor assembly (300) rotates relative to the stator assembly (200) in the clockwise direction. Alternatively, the connecting arm (523) is arranged along the Archimedean spiral direction, and multiple connecting arms (523) are spirally distributed in a counterclockwise direction, and the rotor assembly (300) rotates relative to the stator assembly (200) in the counterclockwise direction.

2. The ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotor assembly (300) is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500). The rotor assembly (300) includes a first coil assembly (310) and a second coil assembly (320). The first coil assembly (310) and the second coil assembly (320) are spaced apart along the first direction. Both the first coil assembly (310) and the second coil assembly (320) are rotatable relative to the stator assembly (200) about the first direction. The second coil assembly (320) is electrically connected to the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500).

3. The ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stator assembly (200) includes a first compensation member (210), and the rotor assembly (300) includes a second compensation member. The first compensation member (210) surrounds the first coil assembly (310) and is wirelessly connected to the first coil assembly (310). The second compensation member surrounds the second coil assembly (320) and is electrically connected between the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500) and the second coil assembly (320).

4. The ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing assembly (100) includes a base (110) and a side shell (120), the base (110) being connected to the side shell (120), and the base (110) and the side shell (120) together forming the rotating cavity (101). The rotor assembly (300) includes a coil frame (330), a central shaft (340), and a coil winding (350). One end of the central shaft (340) passes through the base (110) and is rotatably connected to the base (110). The coil frame (330) is located in the rotating cavity (101) and is connected to the central shaft (340). The coil winding (350) is connected to the coil frame (330). The clamping assembly (400) and the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500) are both connected to the coil frame (330) and / or the central shaft (340).

5. The ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface according to claim 4, characterized in that: The central shaft (340) includes a first limiting part (341), a shaft part (342), and a second limiting part (343). The shaft part (342) passes through the base (110), the rotor assembly (300), the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500), and the clamping assembly (400) sequentially along the first direction. The first limiting part (341) is located on the side of the base (110) away from the rotor assembly (300), and the second limiting part (343) is located on the side of the clamping assembly (400) away from the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500). The first limiting part (341) and the second limiting part (343) are used to restrict the base (110), the rotor assembly (300), the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500), and the clamping assembly (400) along the first direction. The first limiting part (341) and / or the second limiting part (343) are detachably connected to the shaft part (342).

6. The ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotor assembly (300) further includes a first bearing (360) and a second bearing (370), the first bearing (360) being disposed between the first limiting part (341) and the base (110), and the second bearing (370) being disposed between the coil frame (330) and the base (110); the ultrasonic vibration assembly (500) includes an elastic component (380). The first limiting part (341), the base (110), the first bearing (360), the second bearing (370), the coil frame (330), the elastic component (380), the clamping component (400), and the second limiting part (343) abut against each other in sequence along the first direction; The elastic component (380) includes a first elastic member, an elastic force equalizing plate (520) and a second elastic member that abut against each other in the first direction, or the first elastic member and the elastic force equalizing plate (520) that abut against each other in the first direction; or the elastic force equalizing plate (520) and the second elastic member that abut against each other in the first direction.

7. A laser processing apparatus, characterized in that, include: The ultrasonic-assisted rotary table with microtextured tooth surface as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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