Machining method of connecting element for turnout external locking

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of turnout external locking, in particular to a machining method of a connecting element for turnout external locking, which comprises a clamping jaw, the clamping jaw clamps a main fixing disc, the main fixing disc is connected with a clamp main body, the clamp main body is provided with a base, a connecting element body is placed on the upper side of the base, and the connecting element body is connected with the clamping jaw. A positioning V-shaped block and a movable V-shaped block abut against the upper and lower opposite sides of the connecting element body respectively, main planes are arranged on the two opposite sides of the connecting element body, a first column and a second column are connected to the upper and lower opposite side walls of the connecting element body respectively, and a counter bore and a threaded hole are formed in the second column. Oil grooves are formed in the two opposite sides of the connecting element body. According to the machining method of the connecting element for external locking of the turnout, starting from the structure and machining key points of parts, clamping and machining of the special-shaped workpiece, namely the connecting element, are achieved through a series of ingenious tools and methods, the requirement for high precision and high-efficiency production of the connecting element are guaranteed, and the machining cost is lowered. And smoothness and effectiveness of line conversion and locking are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of turnout external locking technology, specifically to a method for processing connecting elements for turnout external locking. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of high-speed railways in my country, the CN series high-speed turnouts, as one of the main types of turnouts used in domestic track laying, have been widely applied. The HRS external locking device, which is used in conjunction with the CN turnout, is a key component in the traction and switching of the turnout and directly controls the locking and unlocking states of the switch rail and frog rail.

[0003] HRS external locking devices are typically installed on the outside of switch and frog components. Through a complex mechanical structure, they ensure that the switch rail is tightly fitted to the stock rail and the frog rail is tightly fitted to the wing rail, thus achieving safe train guidance. Furthermore, when driving track switching, this device employs a complex curved motion to reduce resistance and increase the strength of the joint, making track switching smoother.

[0004] The connecting element is one of the key components of the HRS external locking device. To ensure the linear stability of turnout switching and the strength of locking, it is characterized by its complex shape and high manufacturing precision requirements. For irregularly shaped connecting elements, a practical and feasible processing method is needed to ensure machining accuracy while taking into account production efficiency during manufacturing.

[0005] The current production of connecting components adopts a turning and milling mode. The rotating part is turned and milled, while other shape elements are milled. The traditional lathe + milling machine sequential manufacturing mode requires machining two sides separately, frequent changes of clamps, low efficiency and difficulty in guaranteeing accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a method for processing connecting elements for external locking of turnouts.

[0007] This invention employs the following technical solution: a processing device for a connecting element used for external locking of a turnout, comprising a jaw clamping a main fixed disc. A clamping body is connected to the main fixed disc, and a base is provided on the clamping body. A connecting element body is placed on the upper side of the base. Positioning V-blocks and moving V-blocks respectively abut against the upper and lower opposite sides of the connecting element body. A main plane is provided on two opposite sides of the connecting element body, and a column one and a column two are respectively connected to the upper and lower opposite sidewalls of the connecting element body. A column top surface one and a column top surface two are respectively provided on column one and column two. A countersunk hole and a threaded hole are provided on column two. Oil grooves are provided on both opposite sides of the connecting element body, and a center hole and a circular hole are respectively provided within the oil grooves on both opposite sides of the connecting element body. The specific steps of using the above-mentioned processing device for a connecting element used for external locking of a turnout are as follows: S1. Adjust the positioning V-block to contact the outer wall of the connecting element body, then tighten the fixing bolts on the tooling, rotate the lower bolt to move the V-block to fix the connecting element body, and test cut the upper outer circle of the column. S2. After the first clamping, rough turn the main plane and column one, then finish turn the main plane and column top one, then finish turn the circumference and relief groove of column one, and finally drill the center hole and round hole and mill the oil groove. S3. After the second clamping, rough turn the main plane and the second column, then finish turn the main plane and the top surface of the second column, then finish turn the circumference of the second column and the relief groove, and finally machine the threaded hole and the countersunk hole and mill the oil groove. A main fixed disk is connected to the side of the base away from the movable V-shaped block, and two angle limiting blocks are provided on the upper side of the main fixed disk.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: during the initial installation, both the positioning V-block and the moving V-block are equipped with adjusting bolts and locking nuts, and the positioning V-block is equipped with fastening bolts; During secondary mounting, a positioning pin is provided on the side of the base near the movable V-block. An elastic collet is provided on the lower side of the positioning pin on the base. A slider is provided under the positioning V-block and the movable V-block. A V-block adjusting screw and a locking nut are provided inside the slider. A locking nut is provided on the V-block adjusting screw and the locking nut. The angle limiting block can achieve angular positioning.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: the main body of the connecting element has a forging parting position in the middle, and the forging parting position has a demolding draft angle on both opposite sides.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: both sides of the movable V-block and the positioning V-block are provided with V-block limiting seats.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: the outer wall of the elastic collet is provided with a fastening inclined surface, the outer side of the elastic collet abuts against a fixing sleeve, the fixing sleeve is disposed in the base, the elastic collet is provided with a threaded hole, and a fastening bolt is connected in the threaded hole.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: the oil groove where the central hole is located is a cross groove, and the central hole and the column are concentric.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: during the two clamping processes, the central axes of column one and column two are used as the rotation axes, respectively.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution: During machining, the tools used include an external roughing tool, an external finishing tool one, an external finishing tool two, a standard drill bit one, a standard drill bit two, a ball end mill, a threading drill bit, an internal turning tool, and a threading tool.

[0015] This invention provides an improved method for processing connecting elements for external locking of turnouts, which has the following improvements and advantages compared with the prior art: Firstly, the tooling used in this method is reasonably designed and has a low manufacturing cost. It is made according to the shape characteristics of the connecting components, and the mounting and operation are relatively simple. Secondly, the production of this part can be completed by using only one machine and loading it twice, which has high production efficiency. After the workpiece is formed, the precision is good, which is conducive to mass production and effectively reduces processing costs. In summary, this processing method, starting from the structure and key processing points of the part, utilizes a series of ingenious tooling and methods to achieve the mounting and processing of the irregularly shaped workpiece, the connecting element, while ensuring its high precision requirements and high-efficiency production. As a key component of the CN turnout external locking device, the connecting element has been widely used on many key high-speed railway lines in my country, such as the Beijing-Shanghai and Wuhan-Guangzhou lines, effectively ensuring the smoothness and effectiveness of track switching and locking, resulting in significant economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting element body provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting element body provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a drawing of the forged blank of the connecting element provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting element tooling and the machine tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting element tooling and the machine tool provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a single-installation positioning V-block structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the one-time mounting fixture structure for connecting elements provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of a connecting element mounting fixture provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the one-time mounting fixture structure for connecting elements provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the secondary mounting fixture structure for connecting elements provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the secondary mounting fixture structure for connecting elements provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 12 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the secondary mounting fixture for connecting elements provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic collet provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece coordinate system being mounted on a single connection element according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the workpiece coordinate system for secondary mounting of the connecting element provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the roughing main plane and cylinder one provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the precision-machined main plane and one end face of the cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a precision-machined cylindrical body with a circumference and a relief groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the machining of the center hole provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of drilling provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 21 A schematic diagram of the processing of an oil tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 22 A schematic diagram of the roughing main plane and the second column provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the precision-machined main plane and the two end faces of the cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 24 A schematic diagram of the precision-machined cylindrical body with two circumferences and a relief groove provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the machining of the threaded bottom hole provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the countersunk hole machining process provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 27A schematic diagram of threaded hole processing provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 28 A schematic diagram of the processing of an oil tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Connecting element body; 2. Main plane; 3. Countersunk hole; 4. Threaded hole; 5. Center hole; 6. Oil groove; 7. Column one; 71. Column top surface one; 8. Round hole; 9. Column two; 91. Column top surface two; 10. Draft angle; 11. Forging parting position; 12. Claw; 13. Main fixed disc; 14. Angle limit block; 15. Moving V-block; 16. V-block limit seat; 17. Adjusting bolt and locking nut; 18. Fastener 19. Bolt; 20. Locating V-block; 21. Base; 22. Elastic collet; 23. Fastening bevel; 24. Fixing sleeve; 25. Threaded hole; 26. V-block adjusting screw and locking nut; 27. External roughing tool; 28. External finishing tool one; 29. ​​External finishing tool two; 30. Standard drill bit one; 31. Standard drill bit two; 32. Ball end mill; 33. Threaded hole drill bit; 34. Internal turning tool; 35. Threading tool; 36. Locating pin. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention readily understandable, the invention is further described below with reference to specific illustrations. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 28 This invention provides a technical solution: a processing method for a connecting element for external locking of a turnout, which uses a processing device for the connecting element, including a chuck 12 that clamps a main fixing disc 13. A clamping body is connected to the main fixing disc 13, and a base 20 is provided on the clamping body. A connecting element body 1 is placed on the upper side of the base 20. Positioning V-blocks 19 and moving V-blocks 15 are respectively positioned on opposite sides of the connecting element body 1. The main plane 2 is provided on two opposite sides, and the upper and lower opposite side walls of the connecting element body 1 are respectively connected to the column 7 and the column 9. The column 7 and the column 9 are respectively provided with the column top surface 71 and the column top surface 91. The column 9 is provided with the countersunk hole 3 and the threaded hole 4. The connecting element body 1 is provided with oil grooves 6 on both opposite sides. The oil grooves 6 on both opposite sides of the connecting element body 1 are respectively provided with the center hole 5 and the round hole 8. The specific steps of using the above-mentioned processing device for the connecting element for turnout external locking are as follows: S1. Adjust the positioning V-block 19 to contact the outer wall of the connecting element body 1, then tighten the fixing bolts on the tooling, rotate the lower bolt to move the V-block 15 to fix the connecting element body 1, and test cut the upper outer circle of the column 7. S2. After the first clamping, rough turn the main plane 2 and the column 7, then finish turn the main plane 2 and the top surface of the column 71, then finish turn the circumference and relief groove of the column 7, and finally drill the center hole 5 and the round hole 8 and mill the oil groove 6. S3. After the second clamping, rough turn the main plane 2 and the second column 9, then finish turn the main plane 2 and the top surface of the second column 91, then finish turn the circumference and relief groove of the second column 9, and finally machine the threaded hole 4 and the countersunk hole 3 and mill the oil groove 6. A main fixed disk 13 is connected to the side of the base 20 away from the movable V-shaped block 15, and two angle limiting blocks 14 are provided on the upper side of the main fixed disk 13.

[0020] During the initial installation, both the positioning V-block 19 and the moving V-block 15 are equipped with adjusting bolts and locking nuts 17, and the positioning V-block 19 is equipped with fastening bolts 18. During the secondary mounting, a positioning pin 35 is provided on the side of the base 20 near the movable V-block 15. An elastic collet 21 is provided on the lower side of the positioning pin 35 on the base 20. A slider is provided under the positioning V-block 19 and the movable V-block 15. The slider is provided with a V-block adjusting screw and a locking nut 25. The angle limiting block 14 can realize angular positioning.

[0021] The main body of the connecting element 1 has a forging parting position 11 in the middle, and the forging parting position 11 has a draft angle 10 on both opposite sides.

[0022] Both sides of the movable V-block 15 and the positioning V-block 19 are provided with V-block limit seats 16.

[0023] The outer wall of the elastic collet 21 is provided with a fastening inclined surface 22. The outer side of the elastic collet 21 abuts against a fixing sleeve 23. The fixing sleeve 23 is located inside the base 20. The elastic collet 21 is provided with a threaded hole 24. A fastening bolt 18 is connected inside the threaded hole 24.

[0024] The oil groove 6 where the central hole 5 is located is a cross groove, and the central hole 5 and the column 9 are concentric.

[0025] During the two clamping processes, the central axes of column 7 and column 9 are used as the rotation axes, respectively.

[0026] During machining, the cutting tools used include an external roughing tool 26, an external finishing tool one 27, an external finishing tool two 28, a standard drill bit one 29, a standard drill bit two 30, a ball end mill 31, a threading drill bit 32, an internal turning tool 33, and a threading tool 34.

[0027] Specifically, by analyzing the workpiece structure, the center hole 5 in the center of the oil tank 6 was originally just a through hole for oil supply. By precision machining it, and by utilizing its concentric relationship with the cylindrical body 9, the spacing and angular positioning between the two cylinders can be assisted. Based on this, the main processing steps are determined as follows: During the first clamping, the structural elements on the side of column 7 are processed, and the center hole 5 is processed with column 7 as the reference. Then, with column 7 and center hole 5 as positioning elements, column 9 and related structural elements are processed during the second clamping.

[0028] Working principle: When the blank is determined, the connecting element body 1 is an irregularly shaped part. To ensure processing efficiency, a die-forged blank is recommended. To ensure its manufacturing accuracy, except for the central main body's perimeter contour which has no allowance, all other parts have machining allowances. Its blank shape is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, in addition, considering the convenience of subsequent mounting, the forging parting position 11 is selected in the middle of the main body, and the demolding draft angles 10 are arranged on both sides respectively. During a single loading, its tooling structure is as follows: Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the blank fixing column 29 is attached to the main plane 2 and the tooling base 20. The base 20 has a corresponding deep hole to accommodate column 29. At this time, the outer column 17 blank is roughly aligned with the center of the lathe spindle. The clamping force for fixing the blank mainly comes from the clamping of the upper and lower positioning V-blocks 19 and the adjusting bolts and locking nuts 17. The V-blocks are arranged with a certain width of fixed side and are made into a certain inclination angle inward. It cooperates with the demolding slope 10 of the blank shape. While clamping the shape, it also provides clamping force towards the base 20. The adjustment steps before using one of the tooling fixtures are as follows: The connecting element body 1 adjusts the positioning V-block 19 to contact the outer wall of the workpiece, then tightens the fixing bolts on the tooling, rotates the lower adjusting bolt to move the V-block 15 to fix the workpiece, and performs a trial cut on the upper outer circle of the column 7 using the outer diameter roughing tool 26.

[0029] Based on the direction of the upper and lower allowance deviation after the trial cut, adjust the adjusting bolts on both sides. When adjusting, loosen the fastening bolt 18 of the upper V-block, and then tighten the fastening bolt 18 and the workpiece. Then, perform another trial cut on the upper outer circle of the column 7.

[0030] Repeat this process until the remaining material on the outer circle after the trial cut is evenly distributed on the blank cylinder 7.

[0031] Tighten the locking nut at the upper adjusting bolt. At this time, the position of the positioning V-block 19 is determined. When clamping the workpiece later, simply rotate and move the adjusting bolt of the V-block 15 and lock it. The final top surface of column 7 is selected, taking into account the allowance of the main plane 2 of the forging blank and the top surface 71 of the column. The center of rotation of the main shaft, which is the centerline of column 7, is established as the origin of the Z-axis and X-axis. Figure 14 The workpiece coordinate system; The specific processing steps and methods are selected as follows: The steps are as follows: use external roughing tool 26 to rough turn the column 1 7 and main plane 2; use external finishing tool 27 to finish turn the main plane 2 and column top surface 1 71; use external finishing tool 28 to finish turn the circumference of column 1 7 and the relief groove; use standard drill bit 29 to drill the center hole 5; use standard drill bit 30 to drill the round hole 8; and use ball end mill 31 to mill the oil groove 6.

[0032] During the second clamping, the structure of the V-block is similar to that of the first clamping, with a fixed side of a certain width and an inward tilt angle. The V-block adjusting screw has positive and negative latches. When rotated, it can drive the V-blocks on both sides to clamp and loosen synchronously. When used for the first time, the position of the V-block should be adjusted according to the condition of the blank. The adjustment method is as follows: rotate the horizontal adjusting bolt to determine the position, and then tighten the bolt in the long oval step hole to prevent the positioning pin 35 from being pushed over when the V-block clamps the workpiece. The elastic collet 21 is mainly used to fix the processed cylinder 7. Its fastening principle is as follows: there is a fastening bolt 18 at the rear of the tooling. Rotating the fastening bolt 18 pulls the elastic collet 21 backward. Since the fixing sleeve 23 remains stationary, the elastic collet 21 tightens inward under the action of the outer fastening inclined surface 22, thereby achieving the clamping and fixing of the cylinder 7. When fixing the workpiece, the tooling first inserts the column 7 into the elastic collet 21, and at the same time, aligns the center hole 5 with the positioning pin 35 and inserts it. The workpiece is held down by hand and fixed by the elastic collet 21 and V-block. The final top surface of cylinder 29, the center of rotation of the main axis (i.e., the centerline of cylinder 29), is selected as the origin of the Z-axis and X-axis, respectively. Figure 15 The workpiece coordinate system; The specific processing steps and methods are selected as follows: The steps are as follows: use an external turning tool 26 to rough turn the main plane 2 and the second column 9; use an external turning tool 27 to finish turn the main plane 2 and the top surface 91 of the column; use an external turning tool 28 to finish turn the circumference and relief groove of the second column 9; use a threaded bottom hole drill bit 32 to drill the bottom hole of the threaded hole 4 of the second column 9; use an internal turning tool 33 to turn the countersunk hole 3 and related chamfers; use a threading tool 34 to turn the threaded hole 4; and use a ball end mill 31 to mill the oil groove 6.

[0033] It should be noted that the base 20 and the mounting body are adapted for the two mounting processes. The shapes of the base 20 and the mounting body are different for the first and second mounting processes, and the mounting holes on the mounting body are different for the two mounting processes.

[0034] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout, comprising a processing device for the connecting element, including a chuck (12), the chuck (12) clamping a main fixed disc (13), a clamping body connected to the main fixed disc (13), and a base (20) provided on the clamping body, a connecting element body (1) placed on the upper side of the base (20), the connecting element body (1) having a positioning V-block (19) and a moving V-block (15) respectively abutting on opposite sides of the upper and lower sides of the connecting element body (1), the connecting element body (1) having two The main plane (2) is provided on the opposite side, and the upper and lower opposite side walls of the connecting element body (1) are respectively connected to the first column (7) and the second column (9). The first column (7) and the second column (9) are respectively provided with the top surface of the column (7) and the top surface of the column (9). The second column (9) is provided with the countersunk hole (3) and the threaded hole (4). The connecting element body (1) is provided with oil grooves (6) on both opposite sides. The oil grooves (6) on both opposite sides of the connecting element body (1) are respectively provided with the center hole (5) and the round hole (8). The characteristic is that: The specific steps for using the processing device for the above-mentioned connecting element for turnout external locking are as follows: S1. Adjust the positioning V-block (19) to contact the outer wall of the connecting element body (1), then tighten the fixing bolts on the tooling, rotate the lower bolt to move the V-block (15) to fix the connecting element body (1), and test cut the upper outer circle of column one (7). S2. After the first clamping, rough turn the main plane (2) and the first column (7), then finish turn the main plane (2) and the top surface of the column (71), then finish turn the circumference and relief groove of the first column (7), and finally drill the center hole (5) and the round hole (8) and mill the oil groove (6). S3. After the second clamping, rough turn the main plane (2) and the second column (9), then finish turn the main plane (2) and the top surface of the column (91), then finish turn the circumference and relief groove of the second column (9), and finally process the threaded hole (4) and the countersunk hole (3) and mill the oil groove (6). The base (20) is connected to a main fixed disk (13) on the side away from the movable V-shaped block (15), and two angle limiting blocks (14) are provided on the upper side of the main fixed disk (13).

2. The processing method of a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the initial installation, both the positioning V-block (19) and the moving V-block (15) are equipped with adjusting bolts and locking nuts (17), and the positioning V-block (19) is equipped with fastening bolts (18). During the second mounting, a positioning pin (35) is provided on one side wall of the base (20) near the movable V-block (15). An elastic collet (21) is provided on the lower side of the positioning pin (35) on the base (20). A slider is provided under the positioning V-block (19) and the movable V-block (15). A V-block adjusting screw and a locking nut (25) are provided inside the slider. The angle limiting block (14) can achieve angular positioning.

3. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main body of the connecting element (1) has a forging parting position (11) in the middle, and the forging parting position (11) has a demolding draft angle (10) on both opposite sides.

4. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the movable V-block (15) and the positioning V-block (19) are provided with V-block limiting seats (16).

5. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the elastic collet (21) is provided with a fastening inclined surface (22), and the outer side of the elastic collet (21) is in contact with a fixing sleeve (23). The fixing sleeve (23) is located inside the base (20). The elastic collet (21) is provided with a threaded hole (24), and a fastening bolt (18) is connected inside the threaded hole (24).

6. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil groove (6) where the central hole (5) is located is a cross groove, and the central hole (5) and the second column (9) are concentric.

7. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the two clamping processes, the central axis of column one (7) and column two (9) are used as the rotation axis respectively.

8. A method for processing a connecting element for external locking of a turnout according to claim 1, characterized in that: During machining, the tools used include an external roughing tool (26), an external finishing tool one (27), an external finishing tool two (28), a standard drill bit one (29), a standard drill bit two (30), a ball end mill (31), a threaded bottom hole drill bit (32), an internal turning tool (33), and a thread turning tool (34).

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