Hydrostatic guide rail and machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of machine tools, and discloses a hydrostatic guideway and a machine tool. A guide rail cavity is formed in the middle of the saddle in the vertical direction, and the spindle box is slidably arranged in the guide rail cavity. The static pressure module comprises a static pressure plate and a hydraulic assembly; the static pressure plate is arranged in the guide rail cavity, and an oil film gap is formed between the static pressure plate and the spindle box; the static pressure plate is connected with an adjusting mechanism which is used for driving the static pressure plate to move in the vertical direction relative to the saddle. The side faces, away from the spindle box, of the static pressure plates are attached to the inner wall of the saddle guide rail cavity, the side faces, attached to the saddle, of the static pressure plates located on at least one side face of the guide rail cavity are inclined faces, and the inclined faces extend in the vertical direction and incline in the direction away from the spindle box. The hydraulic assembly is communicated with the oil film gap so as to introduce static pressure oil into the oil film gap; the static pressure plate is driven by the adjusting mechanism to move so as to adjust the size of an oil film gap, so that the clamping force borne by the spindle box is adjusted, the movement is more stable and reliable, and the device is more suitable for heavy machining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool technology, and in particular to a hydrostatic guide rail and a machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional sliding / rolling guideways have significant drawbacks under heavy-load, high-speed conditions. Due to friction, frictional heat easily accumulates, leading to thermal deformation errors in the guideway, which are often excessive. This thermal deformation severely affects the machining accuracy and stability of large workpieces, making it difficult to achieve high-precision results. This led to the application of hydrostatic guideways, which use a hydrostatic oil film to support the machine tool's spindle box, avoiding the aforementioned problems. However, hydrostatic guideways carry the risk of hydrostatic oil film failure during use. This failure can damage the machine tool, resulting in downtime, especially in heavy-duty machining equipment where the hydrostatic oil film must withstand the weight of the spindle box and machining torque, making it more prone to failure and unable to stably control the guideway's position. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to better avoid hydrostatic oil film failure. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a hydrostatic guide rail, including a spindle box, a saddle and a hydrostatic module. The saddle has a guide rail cavity in the middle along the vertical direction, and the spindle box is slidably disposed in the guide rail cavity; The hydrostatic module includes a hydrostatic plate and a hydraulic assembly; the hydrostatic plate is disposed in the guide rail cavity, and an oil film gap is formed between the hydrostatic plate and the spindle box; the hydrostatic plate is connected to an adjustment mechanism, which is used to drive the hydrostatic plate to move vertically relative to the saddle. The side of the static pressure plate away from the spindle box is in contact with the inner wall of the saddle guide cavity, and the side of the static pressure plate on at least one side of the guide cavity that is in contact with the saddle is an inclined surface, which extends vertically and tilts away from the spindle box. The hydraulic component is connected to the oil film gap to introduce static pressure oil into the oil film gap.

[0004] Preferably, the static pressure plate with the inclined surface is defined as an inclined pressure plate, and the static pressure plate without the inclined surface is defined as a straight pad. The inclined pressure plate is provided on two adjacent inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity, and the straight pad is provided on the other two inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity. The straight pad is arranged opposite to the inclined pressure plate.

[0005] Preferably, the inner wall of the guide rail cavity is provided with four static pressure plates, which are located at the four corners of the inner wall of the guide rail cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting plate, which is fixedly connected to the static pressure plate. The adjusting plate is provided with a first adjusting hole and a second adjusting hole. A first adjusting screw is provided in the first adjusting hole, which is used to drive the static pressure plate to move downward in the vertical direction. A second adjusting screw is provided in the second adjusting hole, which is used to drive the static pressure plate to move upward in the vertical direction.

[0007] Preferably, an oil passage is provided in the middle of the static pressure plate, and the oil passage is used to connect the oil film gap with the hydraulic component.

[0008] Preferably, the hydraulic assembly includes a static pressure tank, a circulating pump, and a flow controller. The static pressure tank is vertically disposed at the bottom of the saddle, and the circulating pump and the flow controller are fixedly disposed on the outer side wall of the saddle. The static pressure tank stores static pressure oil, and the static pressure tank is sequentially connected to the circulating pump and the flow controller. The flow controller is connected to the oil passages of multiple static pressure plates.

[0009] Preferably, an oil suction filter is provided in the static pressure oil tank, and the oil suction filter is connected to the circulation pump; a pipeline filter is provided between the circulation pump and the flow controller, and the pipeline filter is connected to the flow controller and the circulation pump respectively.

[0010] Preferably, the hydrostatic oil tank is arranged around the spindle box, and the top of the hydrostatic oil tank is provided with an opening for guiding and receiving hydrostatic oil flowing downward along the outer wall of the spindle box. The side of the hydrostatic oil tank facing the spindle box is provided with a receiving groove, and a sealing ring is provided in the receiving groove. The sealing ring is arranged around the side wall of the spindle box to prevent the hydrostatic oil from continuing to flow downward along the outer wall of the spindle box.

[0011] Preferably, a counterweight cylinder is also fixedly installed on the top of the saddle, and the other end of the counterweight cylinder is fixedly connected to the spindle box.

[0012] The present invention also provides a machine tool including the hydrostatic guide rail described above.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the hydrostatic guide rail and machine tool provided in this embodiment of the invention have the following advantages: In this embodiment, the hydrostatic plate is driven to move vertically by the adjustment mechanism. In conjunction with the inclined surface on the back of part of the hydrostatic plate, the size of the oil film gap between the hydrostatic plate and the spindle box can be adjusted, so that the hydrostatic oil can provide stronger clamping force to adapt to the use of heavy-duty machining spindle boxes. The hydrostatic oil film is less likely to fail, and the spindle box is more stable and reliable during movement and machining. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the saddle of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the saddle of the present invention from another angle; Figure 5 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the present invention. Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a local structure in the image; Figure 7 This is the present invention. Figure 6 Cross-sectional view at point A; Figure 8 This is the present invention. Figure 6 Cross-sectional view at point B; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the hydrostatic oil tank of the present invention.

[0015] In the diagram: 1. Spindle box; 2. Saddle; 21. Guide rail cavity; 22. Counterweight cylinder; 3. Static pressure module; 31. Static pressure plate; 311. Inclined surface; 312. Inclined pressure plate; 313. Straight pad; 314. Oil passage; 32. Hydraulic components; 321. Static oil tank; 3211. Opening; 3212. Receptacle; 322. Circulating pump; 323. Flow controller; 324. Suction filter; 325. Line filter; 326. Level switch; 327. Sealing ring; 33. Oil film gaps; 34. Adjustment mechanism; 341. Adjustment plate; 342. First adjustment hole; 343. Second adjustment hole; 344. First adjustment screw; 345. Second adjustment screw. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0017] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figures 5 to 8 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrostatic guide rail, which includes a spindle box 1, a saddle 2, and a hydrostatic module 3; A guide rail cavity 21 is provided in the middle of the saddle 2 along the vertical direction, and the spindle box 1 is slidably disposed in the guide rail cavity 21; The static pressure module 3 includes a static pressure plate 31 and a hydraulic component 32; the static pressure plate 31 is disposed in the guide rail cavity 21, and an oil film gap 33 is formed between the static pressure plate 31 and the spindle box 1; the static pressure plate 31 is connected to an adjustment mechanism 34, which is used to drive the static pressure plate 31 to move in the vertical direction relative to the saddle 2. The side of the static pressure plate 31 away from the spindle box 1 is attached to the inner wall of the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2, and the side of the static pressure plate 31 on at least one side of the guide rail cavity 21 is an inclined surface 311, which extends vertically and is inclined away from the spindle box 1. The hydraulic component 32 is connected to the oil film gap 33 to allow static pressure oil to be introduced into the oil film gap 33.

[0018] Specifically, in this embodiment, a machining tool is fixedly installed on the lower end face of the spindle box 1, and the spindle box 1 is installed in the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2, and moves up and down along the guide rail cavity 21 to adjust the position of the machining tool on its lower end face. The hydraulic component 32 continuously supplies static pressure oil into the oil film gap 33 to ensure the oil film pressure between the static pressure plate 31 and the spindle box 1, thereby clamping the spindle box 1 so that the spindle box 1 can move stably up and down in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, regardless of whether the surface where the static pressure plate 31 and the inner side wall of the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2 are in contact is an inclined surface 311, when the adjusting mechanism 34 drives the static pressure plate 31 to move in the vertical direction, due to the guidance of the inclined surface 311, the static pressure plate 31 will move closer to or further away from the spindle box 1, thereby adjusting the width of the oil film gap 33, and thus adjusting the magnitude of the static pressure oil film pressure, so that the static pressure oil film applies a greater clamping force to the spindle box 1, and the movement of the spindle box 1 is more stable and reliable, and the static pressure oil film is less likely to fail, making it more suitable for heavy-duty processing equipment.

[0019] In some embodiments, the static pressure plate 31 with inclined surface 311 is defined as inclined pressure plate 312, and the static pressure plate 31 without inclined surface 311 is defined as straight pad 313. Two adjacent inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity 21 are provided with inclined pressure plate 312, and the other two inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity 21 are provided with straight pad 313. The straight pad 313 is disposed opposite to the inclined pressure plate 312.

[0020] Specifically, the static pressure plate 31 is divided into an inclined pressure plate 312 and a straight pad 313. The surface of the straight pad 313 that contacts the inner wall of the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2 is a plane parallel to the vertical direction, while the surface of the inclined pressure plate 312 that contacts the inner wall of the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2 is an inclined surface 311. In this embodiment, the guide rail cavity 21 has a total of four inner walls. The inclined pressure plates 312 are provided on two adjacent inner walls, while the straight pads 313 are provided on the other two opposite inner walls. The inclined pressure plates 312 and the straight pads 313 are... The two are set relative to each other, and their positions correspond to each other. When the relative positions of the inclined pressure plate 312 and the straight pad 313 are adjusted by the adjustment mechanism 34, the inclined pressure plate 312 on the adjacent side walls will apply a greater force, so that the spindle box 1 tends to move towards the straight pad 313, so as to simultaneously reduce the oil film gap 33 between the straight pad 313 and the spindle box 1, thereby comprehensively and stably enhancing the clamping force on the spindle box 1, making the operation of the spindle box 1 more stable and reliable, and the hydrostatic oil film is less likely to fail.

[0021] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, four static pressure plates 31 are provided on the inner sidewall of the guide rail cavity 21, and the four static pressure plates 31 are located at the four corners of the inner sidewall of the guide rail cavity 21.

[0022] Specifically, in this embodiment, four static pressure plates 31 are provided on the four inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2. These four static pressure plates 31 are symmetrically arranged at the four corners of the inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity 21 of the saddle 2, so as to apply clamping force to the spindle box 1 more stably and comprehensively, making the operation of the spindle box 1 more stable and reliable, and the spindle box 1 is less likely to have problems such as displacement or tilting during operation.

[0023] In some embodiments, the adjusting mechanism 34 includes an adjusting plate 341, which is fixedly connected to the static pressure plate 31. The adjusting plate 341 is provided with a first adjusting hole 342 and a second adjusting hole 343. A first adjusting screw 344 is provided in the first adjusting hole 342, which is used to drive the static pressure plate 31 to move downward in the vertical direction. A second adjusting screw 345 is provided in the second adjusting hole 343, which is used to drive the static pressure plate 31 to move upward in the vertical direction.

[0024] Specifically, the adjusting plate 341 is fixedly connected to the static pressure plate 31 by bolts. The static pressure plate 31 is perpendicular to the adjusting plate 341. The adjusting plate 341 extends toward the saddle 2, and the saddle 2 is provided with a groove corresponding to the adjusting plate 341. The adjusting plate 341 is set in the groove and is connected to the saddle 2 by the first screw and the second screw. The first adjusting hole 342 is an elongated oval hole. When the first screw drives the static pressure plate 31 to move downward in the vertical direction, due to the inclined surface 311 design of the static pressure plate 31, the static pressure plate 31 will also move towards the spindle box 1 while moving downward, so as to reduce the oil film gap 33. During this process, the elongated oval hole design of the first adjusting hole 342 can make room for the movement of the first screw. The second screw is used to lift the static pressure plate 31 upward in the vertical direction to increase the oil film gap 33 and reduce the clamping force of the oil film on the spindle box 1. It should be noted that the second screw can lift or carry the static pressure plate 31 upward by reversing the thread, or other structures can be used, as long as the effect of lifting the static pressure plate 31 can be achieved.

[0025] In some embodiments, an oil passage 314 is provided in the middle of the static pressure plate 31, which is used to connect the oil film gap 33 and the hydraulic assembly 32. The oil passage 314 is located inside the static pressure plate 31, and both the inclined pressure plate 312 and the straight pad plate 313 are provided with oil passages 314. One end of the oil passage 314 is connected to the oil film gap 33 between the static pressure plate 31 and the spindle box 1, and the other end is connected to the hydraulic assembly 32. The hydraulic assembly 32 continuously supplies static pressure oil into the oil film gap 33 through the oil passage 314 to maintain the clamping force on the spindle box 1.

[0026] In some embodiments, the hydraulic assembly 32 includes a static pressure tank 321, a circulating pump 322, and a flow controller 323. The static pressure tank 321 is vertically disposed at the bottom of the saddle 2, and the circulating pump 322 and the flow controller 323 are fixedly disposed on the outer side wall of the saddle 2. The static pressure tank 321 stores static pressure oil, and the static pressure tank 321 is sequentially connected to the circulating pump 322 and the flow controller 323. The flow controller 323 is connected to the oil passages 314 of multiple static pressure plates 31.

[0027] Specifically, the static pressure oil tank 321 is used to store static pressure oil, while the circulating pump 322 draws the static pressure oil in the static pressure oil tank 321 to the flow controller 323. The flow controller 323 is equipped with multiple branch pipelines to connect to the oil passages 314 of different static pressure plates 31. In actual use, the flow controller 323 can adjust and control the flow rate of static pressure oil to the oil film gaps 33 of different static pressure plates 31 in accordance with the changes in the oil film gaps 33, thereby more accurately controlling the clamping force on the spindle box 1 and further improving the stability and reliability of the spindle box 1 operation.

[0028] In some embodiments, a suction filter 324 is provided in the static pressure tank 321, and the suction filter 324 is connected to the circulation pump 322; a pipeline filter 325 is provided between the circulation pump 322 and the flow controller 323, and the pipeline filter 325 is connected to the flow controller 323 and the circulation pump 322 respectively.

[0029] Specifically, the hydrostatic oil between the hydrostatic plate 31 and the spindle box 1 flows downward along the outer wall of the spindle box 1 and is recycled back into the hydrostatic oil tank 321. During this return flow, the hydrostatic oil is easily contaminated, resulting in impurities mixed in the hydrostatic oil. These impurities can easily clog the pipeline and cause instability in the pressure within the oil film gap 33. Therefore, when the circulating pump 322 draws oil from the hydrostatic oil tank 321, the hydrostatic oil needs to be initially filtered through the suction filter 324 to avoid damage to the circulating pump 322 caused by impurities in the hydrostatic oil. Then, the hydrostatic oil is filtered a second time through the pipeline filter 325 to further filter out impurities in the hydrostatic oil, preventing impurities in the hydrostatic oil from accumulating in the flow controller 323 and affecting the service life of the flow controller 323, and also preventing impurities in the hydrostatic oil from adversely affecting the pressure provided by the hydrostatic oil in the oil film gap 33.

[0030] In addition, in this embodiment, a level switch 326 is also provided in the static pressure oil tank 321. The level switch 326 can detect the amount of static pressure oil in the static pressure oil tank 321 and issue an alarm in time to remind the staff to handle the situation when the amount of oil is insufficient or excessive.

[0031] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments, a hydrostatic oil tank 321 is arranged around the spindle housing 1. The top of the hydrostatic oil tank 321 is provided with an opening 3211, which is used to guide and receive the hydrostatic oil flowing downward along the outer wall of the spindle housing 1. A receiving groove 3212 is provided on the side of the hydrostatic oil tank 321 facing the spindle housing 1. A sealing ring 327 is provided in the receiving groove 3212. The sealing ring 327 is arranged around the side wall of the spindle housing 1 to prevent the hydrostatic oil from continuing to flow downward along the outer wall of the spindle housing 1.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, the hydrostatic oil tank 321 is arranged around the spindle box 1 and located below the saddle 2. At the same time, an opening 3211 is provided on the top of the tank. This allows the hydrostatic oil in the oil film gap 33 to flow more conveniently into the hydrostatic oil tank 321 through the opening 3211 on the top of the hydrostatic oil tank 321 when it flows down along the outer wall of the spindle box 1, so as to realize the recycling and reuse of the hydrostatic oil. The sealing ring 327 prevents the hydrostatic oil from continuing to flow down the outer wall of the spindle box 1, avoids the leakage of hydrostatic oil, and improves the hydrostatic oil recovery rate.

[0033] In some embodiments, a counterweight cylinder 22 is also fixedly installed on the top of the saddle 2, and the other end of the counterweight cylinder 22 is fixedly connected to the spindle box 1. The counterweight cylinder 22 can provide auxiliary support force to the spindle box 1, share the weight of the spindle box 1, and enable the spindle box 1 to move downward in the vertical direction better, so as to avoid the weight of the spindle box 1 from having too much impact on the spindle box 1.

[0034] The present invention also provides a machine tool including the hydrostatic guide rail described above.

[0035] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a hydrostatic guide rail, which can be designed with a slanted pressure plate 312, such that the contact surface between the slanted pressure plate 312 and the saddle 2 is a slanted surface 311, and the hydrostatic pressure plate 31 is driven to move up and down in the vertical direction by the adjusting mechanism 34, thereby adjusting the size of the oil film gap 33 between the hydrostatic pressure plate 31 and the spindle box 1, and thus adjusting the clamping force received by the spindle box 1, making the operation of the spindle box 1 more stable and reliable, and making the spindle box 1 more suitable for the processing of heavy equipment.

[0036] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrostatic guide rail, characterized in that, include: Spindle box; A saddle, wherein a guide rail cavity is provided in the middle of the saddle along the vertical direction, and the spindle box is slidably disposed in the guide rail cavity; A hydrostatic module includes a hydrostatic plate and a hydraulic assembly; the hydrostatic plate is disposed in the guide rail cavity, and an oil film gap is formed between the hydrostatic plate and the spindle box; the hydrostatic plate is connected to an adjustment mechanism, which is used to drive the hydrostatic plate to move vertically relative to the saddle. The side of the static pressure plate away from the spindle box is in contact with the inner wall of the saddle guide cavity, and the side of the static pressure plate on at least one side of the guide cavity that is in contact with the saddle is an inclined surface, which extends vertically and tilts away from the spindle box. The hydraulic component is connected to the oil film gap to introduce static pressure oil into the oil film gap.

2. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 1, wherein the hydrostatic plate with the inclined surface is defined as an inclined pressure plate, and the hydrostatic plate without the inclined surface is defined as a straight pad, characterized in that, The inclined pressure plate is provided on two adjacent inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity, and the straight pad is provided on the other two inner sidewalls of the guide rail cavity. The straight pad is arranged opposite to the inclined pressure plate.

3. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner wall of the guide rail cavity is provided with four static pressure plates, which are located at the four corners of the inner wall of the guide rail cavity.

4. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjusting mechanism includes an adjusting plate, which is fixedly connected to the static pressure plate. The adjusting plate is provided with a first adjusting hole and a second adjusting hole. A first adjusting screw is provided in the first adjusting hole, which is used to drive the static pressure plate to move downward in the vertical direction. A second adjusting screw is provided in the second adjusting hole, which is used to drive the static pressure plate to move upward in the vertical direction.

5. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, An oil passage is provided in the middle of the static pressure plate, and the oil passage is used to connect the oil film gap with the hydraulic component.

6. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydraulic components include a static pressure tank, a circulating pump, and a flow controller. The static pressure tank is vertically disposed at the bottom of the saddle, and the circulating pump and the flow controller are fixedly disposed on the outer side wall of the saddle. The static pressure tank stores static pressure oil, and the static pressure tank is sequentially connected to the circulating pump and the flow controller. The flow controller is connected to the oil passages of multiple static pressure plates.

7. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 6, characterized in that, An oil suction filter is installed inside the static pressure oil tank, and the oil suction filter is connected to the circulation pump; a pipeline filter is installed between the circulation pump and the flow controller, and the pipeline filter is connected to the flow controller and the circulation pump respectively.

8. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrostatic oil tank is arranged around the spindle box, and the top of the hydrostatic oil tank is provided with an opening for guiding and receiving the hydrostatic oil flowing downward along the outer wall of the spindle box. The side of the hydrostatic oil tank facing the spindle box is provided with a receiving groove, and a sealing ring is provided in the receiving groove. The sealing ring is arranged around the side wall of the spindle box to prevent the hydrostatic oil from continuing to flow downward along the outer wall of the spindle box.

9. The hydrostatic guide rail according to claim 1, characterized in that, A counterweight cylinder is also fixedly installed on the top of the saddle, and the other end of the counterweight cylinder is fixedly connected to the spindle box.

10. A machine tool, characterized in that, Includes the hydrostatic guide rail as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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