Oxygenation purification device for high-density aquaculture and treatment method of oxygenation purification device

Abstract

The invention discloses an oxygenation purification device for high-density aquaculture and a treatment method of the oxygenation purification device, relates to the technical field of aquaculture equipment, and aims to solve the technical problems of more cleaning dead angles, low suction efficiency and large occupied area caused by separation of a water treatment system in an existing culture pond bottom sewage cleaning device. According to the technical scheme, the device is characterized by comprising a movable trolley capable of transversely moving along a culture pond, a dirt suction barrel driven by the trolley and capable of rotating, and a filter box, a water suction pump and an oxygenation pump which are integrated on the trolley; dead-corner-free stirring and suction of sediments at the bottom of the pool are realized through rotation and movement of the sewage suction cylinder; a precipitation tank and a filter cavity internally provided with multiple layers of functional filter materials which are sequentially communicated are arranged in the filter tank, solid-liquid separation and stepped biochemical purification are carried out on sucked sewage, and finally, the sewage flows back after oxygenation, so that automation and integration of the whole process from substrate cleaning to deep purification and oxygenation backflow of aquaculture water are realized; the water quality stability and the system operation efficiency are obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and in particular to an oxygenation and purification device and its treatment method for high-density aquaculture. Background Technology

[0002] In high-density intensive aquaculture, the organic load of uneaten feed, feces, and other waste in the aquaculture water increases significantly. The decomposition process continuously consumes dissolved oxygen and produces toxic metabolites such as ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, seriously threatening the health and survival of farmed organisms. Maintaining clean and stable water quality is crucial for the success of high-density aquaculture, and typically relies on a recirculating water treatment system for continuous physical separation and biological purification of the water.

[0003] Existing circulating water treatment technologies typically integrate physical filtration, biological purification, and aeration. However, several common challenges remain in practical applications. For instance, in solid waste treatment, efficiently collecting and separating viscous waste deposited at the bottom of the tank to prevent it from entering and clogging subsequent biological treatment units is a key challenge for ensuring long-term stable system operation. Regarding biological purification, conventional biological filtration technologies can effectively convert ammonia nitrogen into nitrates, but the removal of the final product, nitrate, is often insufficient or lacks cost-effective and stable methods, potentially leading to its gradual accumulation in the water. Furthermore, maintaining the essential mineral balance and pH stability of the water (i.e., mineralization) is often not adequately considered or deeply integrated into the core purification process. From a system operation perspective, efficiently connecting multiple stages such as pollutant collection, multi-stage purification, water quality regulation, and aeration recirculation while achieving low operational and maintenance complexity is also a direction that needs optimization in current technology design. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an oxygenation and purification device and its treatment method for high-density aquaculture, solving the problems of traditional high-density aquaculture pond bottom cleaning devices, such as many dead corners, low suction efficiency, and large footprint due to separation from the water treatment system.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the invention adopts the following technical solution: an oxygenation and purification method for high-density aquaculture, comprising the following steps: S1. The water and sediment at the bottom of the aquaculture pond are pumped out together and separated into solid and liquid by overflow sedimentation process; S2. The supernatant after separation flows continuously through multiple layers of filter material, which, from top to bottom, include: a coarse filter layer for intercepting suspended solids and carrying out facultative anaerobic fermentation; an adsorption catalytic layer for adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and promoting nitrification; a denitrification layer for providing carbon source and driving denitrification to remove nitrate and nitrite; and a mineralization layer for stabilizing the mineral content of the water. The purified water that has flowed through all the aforementioned functionalized filter material layers is collected and then oxygenated. The oxygenated water is then returned to the aquaculture pond.

[0006] Furthermore, the filter material layer specifically comprises: The coarse filter layer is composed of a large-pore biochemical sponge; The adsorption catalyst layer is composed of zeolite particles; The denitrification layer is composed of a slow-release carbon source carrier made of polylactic acid and starch; The mineralized layer is composed of volcanic rock.

[0007] Furthermore, the method also includes a step of periodically maintaining each filter material layer. The maintenance steps include: cleaning or replacing the biochemical sponge of the coarse filter layer; regenerating the zeolite particles of the adsorption catalyst layer by soaking them in saturated brine according to the effluent water quality monitoring results; periodically replenishing the slow-release carbon source carrier of the denitrification layer; and rinsing the volcanic rock or maifanite of the mineralization layer.

[0008] An oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture, comprising an aquaculture pond, a mobile trolley horizontally mounted on the aquaculture pond, a suction cylinder rotatably connected to the mobile trolley and located within the aquaculture pond, a filter box, a water pump, an oxygenation pump, and a disinfection pipe above the mobile trolley, two sets of symmetrical sedimentation tanks and filter tanks within the filter box, a first partition between the sedimentation tanks and filter tanks, an overflow plate at the top of the filter tanks forming a filter chamber with the filter tanks, a water collection chamber below the two symmetrical filter chambers, and multiple layers of adsorbent material within the filter chambers, the inlet of the pump being connected to the suction cylinder and the outlet being connected to the sedimentation tank, the inlet of the oxygenation pump being connected to the bottom of the water collection chamber and the outlet extending into the aquaculture pond, and the disinfection pipe being connected to the oxygenation pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the sedimentation tank is provided with a second partition, the bottom of which has a gap with the bottom surface of the sedimentation tank, and the second partition separates the sedimentation tank into a material hanging tank and a clean water tank.

[0010] Furthermore, the material hanging trough is equipped with a clean water hanging trough and a diffusion pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, the mobile trolley includes a support frame, a guide rod, a guide slider, and a support base plate. The support frames are symmetrically arranged in pairs on the sides of the aquaculture pond. The guide rods are arranged on the two symmetrical support frames. The guide sliders are slidably arranged on the guide rods. The support base plate is horizontally mounted above the aquaculture pond and connected to the guide sliders.

[0012] Furthermore, the mobile trolley also includes a drive rack, a drive motor, a transmission shaft, and a transmission gear. The drive rack is arranged along the length direction of the guide rod. The drive motor is fixedly mounted on the support base plate. The transmission shaft is connected to the drive motor and extends along the length direction of the support base plate to the guide slider, where it is slidably and rotatably connected to the guide. The transmission gear is located at both ends of the transmission shaft and meshes with the drive rack.

[0013] Furthermore, the suction cylinder includes multiple baffles arranged in a ring around its circumference, and a suction hole communicating with the inside of the suction cylinder is provided between the gaps between two baffles.

[0014] Furthermore, the suction cylinder is provided with a disturbance gear in the middle, and the bottom of the aquaculture tank is provided with a disturbance rack, the disturbance gear meshing with the disturbance rack.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the invention are: First, the drive motor of the mobile trolley is started. Through the meshing of the transmission gear and the drive rack, the support base plate moves laterally along the guide rod, while the connected suction cylinder rotates and moves at the bottom of the aquaculture pond. During the movement and rotation (achieved through the meshing of the disturbance gear and the disturbance rack at the bottom of the pond), the baffles and suction holes arranged in a ring around the circumference of the suction cylinder stir up and suck up the bottom sediment and water together, which is then transported to the sedimentation tank of the filter box by the water pump. In the sedimentation tank, solid-liquid separation is achieved through the flow channel formed by the second baffle and the overflow sedimentation process, and the supernatant overflows into the filter chamber. The filter chamber has multiple layers of filter materials arranged from top to bottom—including a coarse filter layer composed of macroporous biochemical sponges, an adsorption catalytic layer composed of zeolite particles, a denitrification layer composed of a slow-release carbon source carrier made of polylactic acid and starch, and a mineralization layer composed of volcanic rock or maifanite—to continuously purify the water in a stepwise manner, successively completing suspended solids interception and facultative fermentation, ammonia nitrogen adsorption and nitrification reaction, denitrification, and water mineral stabilization. The purified water collects in the collection chamber, is oxygenated by an oxygenation pump, and then flows back to the aquaculture pond, thus completing the water circulation, purification, and oxygenation process. During this process, the closable structure of the filter box facilitates periodic maintenance of each filter layer, including cleaning or replacing the bio-sponge, regenerating zeolite particles by soaking them in saturated brine, replenishing the slow-release carbon source carrier, and rinsing the mineralized filter media, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of each functional layer. Through the automated continuous operation of suction, sedimentation, multi-layer filtration, and oxygenation recirculation, not only are suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, nitrates, and nitrites in the aquaculture water efficiently removed, significantly increasing the dissolved oxygen content, but the mineralized layer also stabilizes the water quality. This overall continuous purification and ecological balance of the aquaculture water provides a stable and reliable water environment for high-density aquaculture, which is beneficial for improving the survival rate and health of farmed organisms. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the filter box of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission gear and drive rack of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the suction bucket of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the filter cavity of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the suction bucket of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of the oxygenation and purification method of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Aquaculture pond; 2. Mobile trolley; 21. Support frame; 22. Guide rod; 23. Guide slider; 24. Support base plate; 25. Drive rack; 26. Drive motor; 27. Transmission shaft; 28. Transmission gear; 3. Sludge suction cylinder; 31. Baffle plate; 32. Sludge suction hole; 33. Disturbing gear; 34. Disturbing rack; 4. Filter box; 41. Sedimentation tank; 411. Second partition; 412. Feeding trough; 413. Clean water tank; 414. Clean water feeding trough; 415. Diffuser; 42. First partition; 43. Overflow plate; 44. Filter chamber; 45. Water collection chamber; 5. Water pump; 6. Aeration pump; 7. Disinfection pipe; 8. Filter material layer; 81. Biochemical sponge; 82. Zeolite particles; 83. Carbon source carrier; 84. Volcanic rock. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.

[0020] The technical solution of the invention will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined or substituted with each other according to the actual situation, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 7As shown, the invention provides an oxygenation and purification device and its treatment method for high-density aquaculture. When implementing this invention, the oxygenation and purification method is first performed: the water and sediment at the bottom of the aquaculture pond 1 are pumped out together and separated into solid and liquid phases through an overflow sedimentation process; the supernatant after separation flows continuously through multiple layers of filter media 8 for purification. The filter media 8, from top to bottom, includes a coarse filter layer for intercepting suspended solids and performing facultative anaerobic fermentation, an adsorption catalytic layer for adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and promoting nitrification, a denitrification layer for providing a carbon source and driving denitrification to remove nitrates and nitrites, and a mineralization layer for stabilizing the mineral content of the water; then the purified water is collected and oxygenated, and finally the oxygenated water is returned to the aquaculture pond 1. To perform this method, the device includes an aquaculture pond 1, a mobile trolley 2 horizontally mounted above the aquaculture pond 1, a suction cylinder 3 rotatably connected to the mobile trolley 2 and located within the aquaculture pond 1, and a filter box 4, a water pump 5, an oxygenation pump 6, and a disinfection pipe 7 installed above the mobile trolley 2. Its overall beneficial effect is that, through the complete correspondence between the method steps and the device structure, it realizes the fully automated closed-loop treatment of the entire process from the bottom pollutant suction, physical separation, biochemical purification to oxygenation and reflux, which significantly improves the water purification efficiency and the continuity of system operation.

[0022] Within the filter chamber 44 of filter box 4, multiple layers of filter media are packed in a specific order and material. The coarse filter layer consists of a large-pore biochemical sponge 81, which effectively intercepts larger suspended solids in the water and provides an attachment site for facultative anaerobic microorganisms through its porous structure, initiating the initial decomposition of organic matter. The adsorption catalytic layer consists of zeolite particles 82, which utilize the efficient ion exchange and adsorption properties of zeolite to specifically remove ammonia nitrogen, which is highly toxic to fish, and provide a carrier for nitrifying bacteria to attach, promoting the nitrification reaction. The denitrification layer consists of a slow-release carbon source carrier 83 made of polylactic acid and starch blend, which provides a stable and lasting organic carbon source for denitrifying bacteria, driving the denitrification process and thus deeply removing accumulated nitrates and nitrites in the water, solving the problem of difficult removal of nitrogen end products in traditional aquaculture. The mineralized layer is composed of volcanic rock 84 or maifanite. Its beneficial effect is to stabilize the pH, hardness and total alkalinity of the water by slowly releasing mineral ions and adsorbing harmful substances, thus providing a more suitable and stable aquatic chemical environment for aquaculture organisms.

[0023] To maintain the long-term effectiveness of each filter layer, the device design incorporates convenient maintenance. The bio-sponge 81 in the coarse filter layer can be cleaned or replaced periodically to prevent clogging and maintain its physical filtration and biological carrying capacity. Multiple pull-out drawers are installed in the filter chamber 44, serving as support plates for the filter media; these drawers can be pulled out for replacement. Based on monitoring results of the effluent quality from the collection chamber 45, the zeolite particles 82 in the adsorption catalyst layer can be periodically removed and regenerated by soaking in saturated brine to restore their ammonia nitrogen adsorption capacity. This maintenance method is cost-effective and reusable. The slow-release carbon source carrier 83 in the denitrification layer needs to be replenished periodically as it is consumed over time to ensure a continuous carbon source supply for the denitrification process. The volcanic rock 84 or maifanite in the mineralization layer is periodically rinsed to remove surface biofilm and fine impurities, keeping its mineral release channels unobstructed. The beneficial effect of these maintenance steps is that, through targeted and low-cost maintenance methods, the service life of each functional filter media is significantly extended, ensuring the economy and reliability of the system's long-term stable operation.

[0024] The core filter box 4 of the device contains two symmetrical sedimentation tanks 41 and filter tanks, separated by a first partition 42. The inlet of the water pump 5 is connected to the suction cylinder 3, and the outlet is connected to the sedimentation tank 41. A second partition 411 is installed inside the sedimentation tank 41, with a gap between its bottom and the bottom surface of the sedimentation tank 41, thus dividing the sedimentation tank 41 into a material holding tank 412 and a clean water tank 413. The beneficial effects are: the high-turbidity wastewater pumped up first enters the material holding tank 412, where the flow rate decreases, and large solid particles settle rapidly under gravity; the water flows through the gap at the bottom of the second partition 411 into the clean water tank 413 for secondary sedimentation, achieving efficient two-stage solid-liquid separation. The supernatant then smoothly overflows into the filter chamber 44 through the overflow plate 43 at the top of the filter tank. This structure effectively prevents the settled sludge from being directly flushed into the subsequent biological filter layer, reducing the risk of clogging and shock load on the biological filter layer.

[0025] The water purification material 414 and the diffuser pipe 415 are installed in the material tank 412. The beneficial effects are: the water purification material 414 is a suspended filler that can further intercept fine suspended solids and attach microorganisms for preliminary biological treatment; the diffuser pipe 415 ensures that the incoming water is evenly distributed, avoids short-circuiting in the tank, and improves the volume utilization rate and sedimentation efficiency of the sedimentation tank 41.

[0026] The mobile trolley 2 includes a support frame 21, a guide rod 22, a guide slider 23, and a support base plate 24. The support frame 21 is symmetrically arranged on the side of the aquaculture tank 1. The guide rod 22 is mounted on the support frame 21, and the guide slider 23 is slidably sleeved on the guide rod 22. The support base plate 24 spans the aquaculture tank 1 and is connected to the guide slider 23. The drive system includes a drive rack 25, a drive motor 26, a transmission shaft 27, and a transmission gear 28. The drive rack 25 is arranged along the guide rod 22, and the drive motor 26 is fixed on the support base plate 24. The drive motor 26 drives the transmission gears 28 at both ends to rotate through the transmission shaft 27. The transmission gears 28 mesh with the drive rack 25. The beneficial effects are: this design provides the suction cylinder 3 with a smooth and precise lateral movement drive capability; the meshing transmission mode of the transmission gear 28 and the drive rack 25 has sufficient rigidity and accurate positioning, ensuring that the suction cylinder 3 can cover the entire bottom area of ​​the aquaculture tank 1, achieving cleaning without dead corners.

[0027] The suction cylinder 3 has multiple baffles 31 arranged in a ring around its circumference, and suction holes 32 connecting the cylinder are provided between adjacent baffles 31. The beneficial effects are: when the suction cylinder 3 moves and rotates, the baffles 31 can effectively agitate the sediment at the bottom of the pool, suspending it for easy suction; the suction holes 32 are distributed in the gaps between the baffles 31, which can effectively suck up the mixture of stirred-up dirt and water, improving the suction efficiency of bottom pollution.

[0028] A disturbance gear 33 is provided in the middle of the suction cylinder 3, and a disturbance rack 34 that meshes with the disturbance gear 33 is laid at the bottom of the aquaculture tank 1. The beneficial effect is that when the moving trolley 2 drives the suction cylinder 3 to move laterally, the disturbance gear 33 at the bottom rolls along the fixed disturbance rack 34, thereby forcibly driving the suction cylinder 3 to rotate around its own axis. This purely mechanical linkage method requires no additional power, thus achieving the rotation of the suction cylinder 3 during the suction process. This allows the circumferential baffles 31 and suction holes 32 to act 360 degrees on the bottom of the tank, greatly enhancing the agitation and suction effect on the sediment. The structure is ingenious and reliable.

[0029] After the device is started, the mobile trolley 2 automatically reciprocates along the aquaculture pond 1, driving the suction cylinder 3 to move and rotate simultaneously, efficiently sucking up the bottom sludge. Wastewater is pumped into the sedimentation tank 41 for solid-liquid separation. The supernatant overflows into the filtration chamber 44, flowing sequentially through four functional filter media: a coarse filter layer, an adsorption catalytic layer, a denitrification layer, and a mineralization layer. This process gradually removes suspended solids, converts ammonia nitrogen, denitrifies nitrates, and stabilizes the water quality. Finally, the purified water is oxygenated by the oxygenation pump 6 in the collection chamber 45 and then returned to the aquaculture pond 1. The disinfection pipe 7 can add disinfectant to the returned water when needed. The entire process operates automatically, and its comprehensive benefits are: efficient and synergistic removal of key pollutants such as suspended solids, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrates from the aquaculture water; significant increase in dissolved oxygen and stabilization of water quality; creation of a stable aquatic environment suitable for high-density aquaculture; significant reduction in water exchange frequency and disease risk; and improved aquaculture efficiency and ecological sustainability.

[0030] Secondly, the aquaculture pond is slidably connected with a grid baffle, and a transition pool is set on one side of the grid baffle. In order to avoid damage to the fish during the cleaning and purification process, the grid baffle can be opened before cleaning, and the fish in the aquaculture pond can be driven into the transition pool by equipment or manual means. After that, the grid baffle is closed, and the farmed fish are temporarily concentrated in this way.

[0031] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the invention, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An oxygenation and purification method for high-density aquaculture, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The water and sediment at the bottom of the aquaculture pond are pumped out together and separated into solid and liquid by overflow sedimentation process; S2. The supernatant after separation flows continuously through multiple layers of filter material, which, from top to bottom, include: a coarse filter layer for intercepting suspended solids and carrying out facultative anaerobic fermentation; an adsorption catalytic layer for adsorbing ammonia nitrogen and promoting nitrification; a denitrification layer for providing carbon source and driving denitrification to remove nitrate and nitrite; and a mineralization layer for stabilizing the mineral content of the water. The purified water that has flowed through all the aforementioned functionalized filter material layers is collected and then oxygenated. The oxygenated water is then returned to the aquaculture pond.

2. The oxygenation and purification method for high-density aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter material layer is specifically: The coarse filter layer is composed of a large-pore biochemical sponge; The adsorption catalyst layer is composed of zeolite particles; The denitrification layer is composed of a slow-release carbon source carrier made of polylactic acid and starch; The mineralized layer is composed of volcanic rock.

3. The oxygenation and purification method for high-density aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a step of periodically maintaining each filter material layer, the maintenance steps including: cleaning or replacing the biochemical sponge of the coarse filter layer; regenerating the zeolite particles of the adsorption catalyst layer by soaking them in saturated brine according to the effluent water quality monitoring results; periodically replenishing the slow-release carbon source carrier of the denitrification layer; and rinsing the volcanic rock or maifanite of the mineralization layer.

4. An oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture, used to implement the oxygenation and purification method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The system includes an aquaculture pond, a mobile trolley mounted horizontally on the aquaculture pond, a suction cylinder rotatably connected to the mobile trolley and located within the aquaculture pond, a filter box, a water pump, an oxygen pump, and a disinfection pipe above the mobile trolley, two sets of symmetrical sedimentation tanks and filter tanks inside the filter box, a first partition between the sedimentation tanks and filter tanks, an overflow plate at the top of the filter tanks forming a filter chamber with the filter tanks, a water collection chamber below the two symmetrical filter chambers, and multiple layers of adsorbent material inside the filter chambers, the inlet of the pump being connected to the suction cylinder and the outlet being connected to the sedimentation tank, the inlet of the oxygen pump being connected to the bottom of the water collection chamber and the outlet extending into the aquaculture pond, and the disinfection pipe being connected to the oxygen pump.

5. The oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sedimentation tank is equipped with a second partition, and there is a gap between the bottom of the second partition and the bottom surface of the sedimentation tank. The second partition separates the sedimentation tank into a material hanging tank and a clean water tank.

6. The oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material hanging trough is equipped with a clean water hanging trough and a diffusion pipe.

7. The oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mobile trolley includes a support frame, a guide rod, a guide slider, and a support base plate. The support frames are symmetrically arranged on the sides of the aquaculture pond in pairs. The guide rods are arranged on the two symmetrical support frames. The guide sliders are slidably arranged on the guide rods. The support base plate is horizontally mounted above the aquaculture pond and connected to the guide sliders.

8. The oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture according to claim 7, characterized in that, The mobile trolley also includes a drive rack, a drive motor, a transmission shaft, and a transmission gear. The drive rack is arranged along the length of the guide rod. The drive motor is fixed on the support base plate. The transmission shaft is connected to the drive motor and extends along the length of the support base plate to the guide slider, where it is slidably and rotatably connected to the guide slider. The transmission gear is located at both ends of the transmission shaft and meshes with the drive rack.

9. The oxygenation and purification device for high-density aquaculture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The suction cylinder includes multiple baffles arranged in a ring around its circumference, and a suction hole communicating with the inside of the suction cylinder is provided between the gaps between two baffles.

10. The oxygenation and purification device and its treatment method for high-density aquaculture according to claim 9, characterized in that, The suction cylinder is equipped with a disturbance gear in the middle, and the bottom of the aquaculture pond is equipped with a disturbance rack, which meshes with the disturbance gear.

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