Selenium-rich compound microbial fertilizer regenerated by utilizing waste and preparation method of selenium-rich compound microbial fertilizer
By preparing selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer through waste recycling, and utilizing compound microbial communities and selenium element gradient conversion technology, the problem of severe selenium loss in existing selenium-enriched fertilizers has been solved, achieving slow release and efficient absorption of selenium.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing selenium-enriched fertilizers suffer from significant loss and low absorption and utilization rates when rapidly releasing selenium on crop surfaces.
This paper describes the use of waste-regenerated selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer. Through the fermentation technology of compound bacteria Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, combined with the gradient conversion of selenium and solid-liquid two-phase fermentation system, organic fertilizer rich in nano-selenium is prepared. A three-step fertilization method is adopted to improve the utilization rate of selenium.
It significantly improves the slow-release performance of selenium and the absorption rate of crops, reduces selenium loss, and improves fertilization efficiency.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of selenium-enriched microbial fertilizer technology, specifically to a selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer made from recycled waste and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Selenium-enriched fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that, through absorption by plants and conversion by their biological functions, enables plants to produce large amounts of organic selenoproteins. Furthermore, selenium is an essential trace element for the human body and a crucial component of some antioxidant enzymes and selenoproteins.
[0003] There are several ways to use selenium-enriched fertilizers in practice. One method is to make them into sprays and apply them to the leaf surface, relying on the crop's own absorption. While this method can quickly release selenium onto the crop surface, the crop's absorption is a relatively slow process. Often, much of the selenium sprayed on the crop surface is lost to the external environment before it is fully absorbed, resulting in low fertilization efficiency and a low selenium utilization rate. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer made from recycled waste and its preparation method. This solves the problem that although existing selenium-enriched fertilizers can quickly release selenium onto the surface of crops, the slow absorption by the crops themselves leads to severe selenium loss and low absorption and utilization rates.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides the following technical solution: a selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer derived from waste recycling and its preparation method, comprising: basic raw materials, a compound microbial community, a selenium element gradient conversion and solid-liquid two-phase fermentation system, and a selenium element gradient loading process. The basic raw materials are: agricultural waste and industrial by-products; The composite microbial community is a mixed bacterial solution made from Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The selenium element gradient conversion is as follows: First, fermentation bacteria and biochar are added to the basic raw materials, and the initial fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank for 5-7 days. Then, mixed bacterial liquid, yeast, Chinese medicine fermentation residue, sodium selenite and selenium mineral powder are added to the fermentation tank for secondary fermentation for 3-5 days. Finally, selenium nanoparticles are added to the fermentation tank, mixed evenly, and left to stand for 2 days to ferment, so as to obtain selenium-rich organic fertilizer. The solid-liquid dual-phase fermentation system involves adding EM bacterial solution, traditional Chinese medicine solution, and an appropriate amount of water to selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, mixing them evenly, and continuing fermentation for 2-3 days to finally obtain selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer.
[0006] Preferably, the compound microbial community needs to be cultured before being added to the basic raw materials, and the raw materials required for the culture are: The culture medium for Bacillus mucilaginosus includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride, and defoamer; The culture medium for Bacillus subtilis includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, beef extract, calcium carbonate, yeast extract, potassium chloride, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, and defoamer; The culture medium for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, peptone, calcium carbonate, fish meal, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and defoamer.
[0007] Preferred Chinese medicinal materials include: Astragalus membranaceus, Cyperus rotundus, Polygonum multiflorum, Aster tataricus, and Trigonella foenum-graecum; First, grind and pulverize Astragalus membranaceus, Cyperus rotundus, Polygonum multiflorum, Aster tataricus, and Tribulus terrestris, then decoct them into a soup, and then filter and separate the soup to form Chinese medicine residue and Chinese medicine liquid. First, the Chinese herbal medicine residue is dried. Then, the Chinese herbal medicine residue and black soil are alternately layered in the fermentation tank, five layers each, with the black soil layer being 2 cm thick and the Chinese herbal medicine residue layer being 4 cm thick. Then, sugar water and fermentation agent are sprinkled into the tank. After sealing the fermentation tank, it is fermented at room temperature for 8-10 days. The tank is opened for ventilation and the soil is turned over once every 2 days. Finally, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine residue is obtained.
[0008] Preferably, the mixed bacterial solution is prepared by adding Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which have been cultured in a culture medium, to a mixed organic matter, mixing and stirring, and then adding an inducing agent while stirring, finally obtaining a mixed bacterial solution.
[0009] Preferred: The agricultural waste includes straw and livestock manure. The industrial by-products are sugar residue and distiller's grains; The biochar is made by grinding and pulverizing sugarcane bagasse, tea residue, straw, and seafood shells, mixing them together, soaking them in a carbon nanotube suspension, stirring thoroughly, drying them, and finally thermally decomposing them at 400-450℃ for 1-1.5 hours to obtain biochar.
[0010] Preferably, the selenium element gradient loading process is as follows: the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer is made into a solution and divided into three equal parts; First step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 300 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation, apply it to the crop for the first treatment, and then spray it evenly on both sides of the leaves and spray it on the roots every 4 days for a total of 2 times. The second step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 150 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Four days after the initial treatment, perform a second treatment on the crops by evenly spraying and applying the solution to both sides of the leaves and spraying the roots. The third step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 50 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Apply the preparation evenly to both sides of the leaves of the crop after the second treatment and spray it on the roots. Repeat this process three times.
[0011] This invention provides a selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer utilizing waste recycling and its preparation method, which has the following beneficial effects: Using agricultural waste (straw, livestock manure) and industrial by-products (sugar residue, distiller's grains) as raw materials, and through multi-strain synergistic fermentation technology combined with a selenium-oriented conversion process, the functional compound microbial fertilizer is prepared. Its advantages are: This microbial fertilizer utilizes a complex microbial community of Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. These three bacteria complement each other metabolically to achieve efficient degradation of lignocellulose and in-situ synthesis of organic selenium. Through the compounding and fermentation process of sodium selenite and selenium ore powder, inorganic selenium is converted into bioavailable nano-selenium and selenoamino acids. The extracellular polysaccharides in the fermentation broth coat the selenium nanoparticles, significantly enhancing the slow-release performance of selenium. Selenium is slowly released and absorbed by the crop itself, improving the utilization rate of selenium and preventing its loss to the environment.
[0012] The addition of fermented Chinese herbal medicine residue and liquid to the microbial fertilizer can increase the selenium content. The fermented Chinese herbal medicine residue can be used as organic fertilizer, which is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. It can improve soil structure, promote plant absorption and growth, and help increase the absorption rate and quantity of selenium.
[0013] By adopting a three-step fertilization method, the concentration of fertilizer applied to the leaves and roots is gradually increased, which helps to improve the utilization rate of selenium, allowing the leaves and roots to gradually increase the absorption rate and avoid the waste of fertilizer. Detailed Implementation
[0014] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0015] This invention provides a technical solution: a selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer derived from waste recycling and its preparation method, comprising: basic raw materials, a compound microbial community, a selenium element gradient conversion and solid-liquid two-phase fermentation system, and a selenium element gradient loading process. The basic raw materials are: agricultural waste and industrial by-products; The composite microbial community is a mixed bacterial solution made from Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The selenium element gradient conversion is as follows: First, fermentation bacteria and biochar are added to the basic raw materials, and the initial fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank for 5-7 days. Then, mixed bacterial liquid, yeast, Chinese medicine fermentation residue, sodium selenite and selenium mineral powder are added to the fermentation tank for secondary fermentation for 3-5 days. Finally, selenium nanoparticles are added to the fermentation tank, mixed evenly, and left to stand for 2 days to ferment, so as to obtain selenium-rich organic fertilizer. The solid-liquid dual-phase fermentation system is as follows: EM bacterial solution, traditional Chinese medicine solution and appropriate amount of water are added to the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, mixed evenly and fermented for 2-3 days to finally obtain selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer. Functional compound microbial fertilizer is prepared by using agricultural waste (straw, livestock and poultry manure) and industrial by-products (sugar residue, distiller's grains) as raw materials and combining multi-strain synergistic fermentation technology with selenium element directional conversion process. A complex microbial community of Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was constructed, and the three achieved efficient degradation of lignocellulose and in-situ synthesis of organic selenium through metabolic complementarity. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: secretes antibacterial substances, produces antagonistic effects, competes for nutrients and space, induces host resistance and promotes plant growth; Bacillus subtilis: increases crop stress resistance and fixes nitrogen; Bacillus mucilaginosus: It has the functions of lysing phosphorus, releasing potassium and fixing nitrogen, and secretes a variety of enzymes to enhance the crop's resistance to some diseases; Through the compounding and fermentation process of sodium selenite and selenium ore powder, inorganic selenium is converted into bioavailable nano-selenium and selenized amino acids. After fermentation, the residue of traditional Chinese medicine can be used as organic fertilizer, which is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements. It can improve soil structure and promote plant growth. During the fermentation process, new components such as organic acids, enzymes, antimicrobial peptides and flavonoids can be produced. Organic selenium in traditional Chinese medicine (such as selenoprotein and selenium polysaccharide) is more easily absorbed and promotes crop activity. Fermentation is a conventional technique in fertilizer production, and its methods and steps are common technical knowledge. Therefore, there is no need to go into detail about the specific steps and operating methods required for fermentation.
[0016] Furthermore: the compound microbial community needs to be cultured before being added to the basic raw materials, and the raw materials required for the culture are: The culture medium for Bacillus mucilaginosus includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride, and defoamer; The culture medium for Bacillus subtilis includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, beef extract, calcium carbonate, yeast extract, potassium chloride, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, and defoamer; The culture medium for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, peptone, calcium carbonate, fish meal, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and defoamer.
[0017] Furthermore, the Chinese medicinal materials include: Astragalus membranaceus, Cyperus rotundus, Polygonum multiflorum, Aster tataricus, and Trigonella foenum-graecum; First, grind and pulverize Astragalus membranaceus, Cyperus rotundus, Polygonum multiflorum, Aster tataricus, and Tribulus terrestris, then decoct them into a soup, and then filter and separate the soup to form Chinese medicine residue and Chinese medicine liquid. First, the Chinese herbal medicine residue is dried. Then, the Chinese herbal medicine residue and black soil are alternately layered in the fermentation tank, five layers each, with the black soil layer being 2 cm thick and the Chinese herbal medicine residue layer being 4 cm thick. Then, sugar water and fermentation agent are sprinkled into the tank. After sealing the fermentation tank, it is fermented at room temperature for 8-10 days. The tank is opened for ventilation and the soil is turned over once every 2 days. Finally, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine residue is obtained.
[0018] Furthermore, the mixed bacterial solution is prepared by adding Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which have been cultured on a culture medium, to a mixed organic matter, mixing and stirring, and then adding an inducing agent while stirring, finally obtaining a mixed bacterial solution.
[0019] Further: The agricultural waste includes straw and livestock manure. The industrial by-products are sugar residue and distiller's grains; The biochar is made by grinding and pulverizing sugarcane bagasse, tea residue, straw, and seafood shells, mixing them together, soaking them in a carbon nanotube suspension, stirring thoroughly, drying them, and finally thermally decomposing them at 400-450℃ for 1-1.5 hours to obtain biochar.
[0020] Furthermore: the selenium element gradient loading process is as follows: the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer is made into a solution and divided into three equal parts; First step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 300 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation, apply it to the crop for the first treatment, and then spray it evenly on both sides of the leaves and spray it on the roots every 4 days for a total of 2 times. The second step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 150 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Four days after the initial treatment, perform a second treatment on the crops by evenly spraying and applying the solution to both sides of the leaves and spraying the roots. The third step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 50 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Apply the preparation evenly to both sides of the leaves of the crop after the second treatment and spray it on the roots. Repeat this process three times.
[0021] Those skilled in the art will process the materials in this case according to the following working principle, and the specific processing procedure and operation sequence should refer to the detailed connection means, which are well known in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process.
[0022] Example: First, prepare a mixed bacterial solution of Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Then, fermentation bacteria and biochar are added to the basic raw materials, and the mixture is initially fermented in the fermentation tank for 5-7 days. Then, mixed bacterial liquid, yeast, fermented Chinese medicine residue, sodium selenite and selenium mineral powder are added to the fermentation tank for secondary fermentation for 3-5 days. Finally, selenium nanoparticles are added to the fermentation tank, mixed evenly, and left to stand for 2 days to ferment, thus obtaining selenium-enriched organic fertilizer. Then, add EM bacterial solution, traditional Chinese medicine solution and appropriate amount of water to the selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, mix evenly and continue fermentation for 2-3 days to finally obtain selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer.
[0023] When using: Selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer was prepared into a solution and divided into three equal parts; First step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 300 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation, apply it to the crop for the first treatment, and then spray it evenly on both sides of the leaves and spray it on the roots every 4 days for a total of 2 times. The second step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 150 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Four days after the initial treatment, perform a second treatment on the crops by evenly spraying and applying the solution to both sides of the leaves and spraying the roots. The third step involves diluting the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 50 times to create a selenium-enriched preparation. This preparation is then applied evenly to both sides of the leaves of the crop after the second treatment, and also sprayed onto the roots. This process is repeated three times. The final product is a selenium-enriched crop.
[0024] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0025] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer derived from waste recycling and its preparation method, characterized in that, include: Basic raw materials, complex microbial communities, selenium gradient conversion and solid-liquid two-phase fermentation system, and selenium gradient loading process: The basic raw materials are: agricultural waste and industrial by-products; The composite microbial community is a mixed bacterial solution made from Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The selenium element gradient conversion is as follows: First, fermentation bacteria and biochar are added to the basic raw materials, and the initial fermentation is carried out in the fermentation tank for 5-7 days. Then, mixed bacterial liquid, yeast, Chinese medicine fermentation residue, sodium selenite and selenium mineral powder are added to the fermentation tank for secondary fermentation for 3-5 days. Finally, selenium nanoparticles are added to the fermentation tank, mixed evenly, and left to stand for 2 days to ferment, so as to obtain selenium-rich organic fertilizer. The solid-liquid dual-phase fermentation system involves adding EM bacterial solution, traditional Chinese medicine solution, and an appropriate amount of water to selenium-enriched organic fertilizer, mixing them evenly, and continuing fermentation for 2-3 days to finally obtain selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer.
2. The selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer utilizing waste recycling and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound microbial community needs to be cultured before being added to the basic raw materials. The raw materials required for the culture are: The culture medium for Bacillus mucilaginosus includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, calcium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ferric chloride, and defoamer; The culture medium for Bacillus subtilis includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, beef extract, calcium carbonate, yeast extract, potassium chloride, manganese sulfate, sodium chloride, and defoamer; The culture medium for Bacillus amyloliquefaciens includes the following components: agricultural product powder, sucrose, peptone, calcium carbonate, fish meal, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, manganese sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and defoamer.
3. The selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer utilizing waste recycling and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Chinese medicinal materials are: Astragalus membranaceus, Cyperus rotundus, Polygonum multiflorum, Aster tataricus, and Trigonella foenum-graecum; First, grind and pulverize Astragalus membranaceus, Cyperus rotundus, Polygonum multiflorum, Aster tataricus, and Tribulus terrestris, then decoct them into a soup, and then filter and separate the soup to form Chinese medicine residue and Chinese medicine liquid. First, the Chinese herbal medicine residue is dried. Then, the Chinese herbal medicine residue and black soil are alternately layered in the fermentation tank, five layers each, with the black soil layer being 2 cm thick and the Chinese herbal medicine residue layer being 4 cm thick. Then, sugar water and fermentation agent are sprinkled into the tank. After sealing the fermentation tank, it is fermented at room temperature for 8-10 days. The tank is opened for ventilation and the soil is turned over once every 2 days. Finally, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine residue is obtained.
4. The selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer utilizing waste recycling and its preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixed bacterial solution is prepared by adding Bacillus mucilaginosus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, which have been cultured on a culture medium, to a mixture of organic matter, mixing and stirring, and then adding an inducing agent while stirring, finally obtaining the mixed bacterial solution.
5. The selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer utilizing waste recycling and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The agricultural waste includes straw and livestock manure. The industrial by-products are sugar residue and distiller's grains; The biochar is made by grinding and pulverizing sugarcane bagasse, tea residue, straw, and seafood shells, mixing them together, soaking them in a carbon nanotube suspension, stirring thoroughly, drying them, and finally thermally decomposing them at 400-450℃ for 1-1.5 hours to obtain biochar.
6. The selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer utilizing waste recycling and its preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selenium element gradient loading process is as follows: the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer is made into a solution and divided into three equal parts; First step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 300 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation, apply it to the crop for the first treatment, and then spray it evenly on both sides of the leaves and spray it on the roots every 4 days for a total of 2 times. The second step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 150 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Four days after the initial treatment, perform a second treatment on the crops by evenly spraying and applying the solution to both sides of the leaves and spraying the roots. The third step: Dilute the selenium-enriched compound microbial fertilizer solution 50 times to make a selenium-enriched preparation. Apply the preparation evenly to both sides of the leaves of the crop after the second treatment and spray it on the roots. Repeat this process three times.