Electrochromic material, electrochromic electrolyte, rearview mirror and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides an electrochromic material, an electrochromic electrolyte, a rearview mirror and a vehicle, and relates to the technical field of vehicle parts, and the electrochromic material has a structure as shown in any one of formulas (I)-(IV). According to the electrochromic material provided by the embodiment of the invention, the response speed of the electrochromic material can be improved, the probability of relative displacement of the cathode material and the anode material is reduced, the color changing efficiency of the electrochromic material is improved, the service life of the electrochromic material is prolonged, and the stability is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle parts technology, and in particular to an electrochromic material, an electrochromic electrolyte, a rearview mirror, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Electrochromism refers to the phenomenon where certain materials exhibit stable and reversible changes in their optical properties (light transmittance or absorptivity) within a specific wavelength range of visible light when an electric field or current is applied. In terms of appearance, electrochromism manifests as reversible changes in color and transparency. Currently, electrochromic technology has shown great promise in fields such as automotive rearview mirrors, automotive sunroofs, smart glass, smart windows, photochromic mirrors, electronic displays, VR glasses, and military stealth materials.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used and safest electrochromic application method employs a liquid as the carrier of the electrochromic material, with its main active components including cathode and anode materials. During the application of electricity, electron exchange occurs between the cathode and anode materials, affecting the material's structure's ability to absorb light of different wavelengths, thus causing a visual color change. However, related technologies suffer from limitations such as material homogeneity, simple color selection, slow response speed, unstable intermediate free radicals, and short lifespan, which restrict the development of electrochromic technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an electrochromic material, an electrochromic electrolyte, a rearview mirror, and a vehicle, which can enhance the sensitivity of the electrochromic material to electrons and its own stability, thereby improving the color-changing performance of the electrochromic material.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, an electrochromic material is provided having a structure as shown in any one of formulas (I)-(IV):

[0006]

[0007]

[0008] Among them, A 11 -A 15 Independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthryl, and substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene, A 21 -A 26 Independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted 5,10-dihydrophenazine, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, and substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, A 31 -A 39It is a linking group.

[0009] Optionally, A 11 -A 15 It is independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthryl, or any one of substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene.

[0010] Optionally, the linking group includes at least one of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted methylene, substituted or unsubstituted double bond, and substituted or unsubstituted triple bond.

[0011] Optionally, the linking group includes at least one of the following: a group having 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted consecutive double bonds, and 1-11 consecutive triple bonds.

[0012] Optionally, the linking group includes one or two of the following: a group having 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, and 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted continuous double bonds.

[0013] Alternatively, the general structural formula of the electrochromic material is shown in any one of formulas M1-M36:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016]

[0017]

[0018]

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] Where T1 and T2 are independently selected from any one of the terms of equations M37 to M42, and the value of n ranges from 1 to 6;

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] R1-R 900It is independently selected from any one of the following groups: hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, carboxyl, aldehyde, amino, mercapto, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, mono- or polyaminealkyl, mono- or polysubstituted haloalkyl, mono- or polyalkoxy, phosphonyl, siloxyalkyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl isocyanate, carboxylate, phosphonate, isocyanate, and heterocyclic groups;

[0026] Y1-Y4 are independently selected from any one of the following groups: hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, carboxyl, aldehyde, amino, mercapto, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, mono- or polyaminealkyl, mono- or polysubstituted haloalkyl, mono- or polyalkoxy, phosphonyl, siloxyalkyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl isocyanate, carboxylate, phosphonate, isocyanate, and heterocyclic groups;

[0027] X1-X 108 It is independently selected from any one of 3-30 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted continuous double bonds, 1-11 continuous triple bonds, and 1-8 substituted or unsubstituted disubstituted benzene rings;

[0028] Y5 includes any one of 0-20 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 0-11 substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-vinyl groups, and 0-11 substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-ethynyl groups.

[0029] Y6 includes any one of the following: alkyl with a chain length of 1-12 carbons, aryl with 6-12 carbons, aralkyl with 7-12 carbons, alicyclic with 4-15 carbons, and heterocyclic with 4-15 carbons, whether substituted or unsubstituted.

[0030] X - It includes any one of halides, borate, tetrafluoroborate, tetraarylborate, hexafluorometal or metalloid, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfonamide, carboxylate, perchlorate and tetrachloroferroate.

[0031] Optionally, R1-R 900 It is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, cyano, chlorine, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, enalkyl, mono- or polyamine alkyl, and mono- or polyalkoxy;

[0032] And / or, Y1-Y4 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, alkyl, mono- or polyamine alkyl, and mono- or polyalkoxy.

[0033] According to a second aspect of this application, an electrochromic electrolyte is also provided, comprising the electrochromic material as described above.

[0034] Optionally, the electrochromic electrolyte also includes a solvent and an electrolyte.

[0035] Optionally, the solvent includes at least one of 3-methylcyclobutane sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethoxyethanol, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

[0036] Optionally, the electrolyte includes at least one of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and tetrabutyltetrafluoroborate;

[0037] And / or, the concentration of the electrolyte is 0.05M-1.5M.

[0038] Optionally, the electrochromic electrolyte may also include stabilizers and thickeners.

[0039] Optionally, the stabilizer includes at least one selected from 2-ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, (2-ethylhexyl)-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 3-[3-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxypropionylaniline;

[0040] And / or, the concentration of the stabilizer is 1wt%-8wt%.

[0041] Optionally, the thickener includes at least one of polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polysilane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylidene halogen.

[0042] And / or, copolymers of at least two of polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polysilane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylidene halide.

[0043] According to a third aspect of this application, a rearview mirror is also provided, comprising the electrochromic electrolyte as described above.

[0044] According to a fourth aspect of this application, another rearview mirror is also provided, comprising a first substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, a conductive reflective layer, and a second substrate stacked together.

[0045] The functional layer includes an electrochromic electrolyte.

[0046] Optionally, a shielding layer is provided circumferentially on the edge of the first substrate near the transparent conductive layer;

[0047] A first conductive adhesive layer is provided on the circumferential edge of the transparent conductive layer near the functional layer, and a second conductive adhesive layer is provided on the circumferential edge of the conductive reflective layer near the functional layer, with the first and second conductive adhesive layers disposed along the edge of the functional layer.

[0048] Optionally, a border adhesive layer is provided along the edge of the functional layer; the border adhesive layer is disposed between the functional layer and the first conductive adhesive layer and the second conductive adhesive layer.

[0049] Optionally, an insulating layer is provided between the first conductive adhesive layer and the second conductive adhesive layer.

[0050] According to a fifth aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including the rearview mirror as described above.

[0051] The electrochromic material provided in this application combines the groups of the cathode material (such as substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthrene, or substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene) and the anode material (such as substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted 5,10-dihydrophenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl) into a single unit, thus simultaneously functioning as both a cathode and anode material. This accelerates the electron exchange rate between the cathode and anode materials, thereby improving the response speed of the electrochromic material. Furthermore, combining the cathode and anode materials into a single unit reduces density changes caused by electron transfer when using separate cathode and anode materials, lowers the probability of relative displacement between the cathode and anode materials, and thus improves the color-changing efficiency, lifespan, and stability of the electrochromic material.

[0052] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a front view of the rearview mirror provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a rear view of the rearview mirror provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0057] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at point AA;

[0058] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0059] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Sectional view at point BB;

[0060] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view at point D;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shielding layer provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0062] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first conductive adhesive layer provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0063] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second conductive adhesive layer provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0064] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first insulating layer provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0065] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0066] 100. Rearview mirror; 1. First substrate; 2. Second substrate; 31. Shielding layer; 41. Transparent conductive layer; 51. First adhesive layer; 52. Second adhesive layer; 6. Insulating layer; 61. First insulating layer; 62. Second insulating layer; 7. Conductive reflective layer; 8. Frame adhesive layer; 9. Functional layer; 101. First conductive strip; 102. Second conductive strip; 111. First adhesive strip; 112. Second adhesive strip. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0068] The electrochromic material provided in this application embodiment has a structure as shown in any one of formulas (I)-(IV):

[0069]

[0070] Among them, A 11 -A 15 Independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthryl, and substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene, A 21 -A 26 Independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted 5,10-dihydrophenazine, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, and substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, A 31 -A 39 It is a linking group.

[0071] The electrochromic material provided in this application combines the groups of the cathode material (such as substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthrene, or substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene) and the anode material (such as substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted 5,10-dihydrophenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted quinolinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isoquinolinyl) into a single unit, thus simultaneously functioning as both a cathode and anode material. This accelerates the electron exchange rate between the cathode and anode materials, thereby improving the response speed of the electrochromic material. Furthermore, combining the cathode and anode materials into a single unit reduces density changes caused by electron transfer when using separate cathode and anode materials, lowers the probability of relative displacement between the cathode and anode materials, and thus improves the color-changing efficiency, lifespan, and stability of the electrochromic material.

[0072] For example, substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine groups include 7,14-dihydrobenzo[5,6][1,4]thiazine[2,3-B]phenothiazine (7,14-DIHYDROBENZO[5,6][1,4]THIAZINO[2,3-B]PHENOTHIAZINE).

[0073] In some embodiments, A 11 -A 15 The electrochromic material is independently selected from either substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthrene or substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene. Compared to substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridine, the structures of substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthrene and substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene contain three or more consecutive benzene rings, resulting in a larger conjugated environment than simple viologen-based materials. This makes the electrochromic material more sensitive to electrical signals, thereby improving the response speed.

[0074] In some embodiments, the linking group includes at least one of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted double bonds, and substituted or unsubstituted triple bonds. By introducing a linking group including at least one of a benzene ring, a methylene group, a double bond, and a triple bond, the electron-deficient state of the N-onium salt can be improved, the electrochromic voltage can be reduced, the electrochromic material can be made more sensitive to electrical signals, and thus the response speed can be improved.

[0075] Specifically, the linking group includes at least one of the following: a group having 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted consecutive double bonds, and 1-11 consecutive triple bonds.

[0076] Preferably, the linking group includes a group having 1-4 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, a substituted or unsubstituted methylene group having 4-12 carbons, a continuous double bond having 4-12 carbons, and a continuous triple bond having 4-12 carbons.

[0077] Furthermore, the linking group includes one or two of the following: a group having 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, and 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted continuous double bonds.

[0078] In some embodiments, the general structural formula of the electrochromic material is shown in any one of formulas M1-M36:

[0079]

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Where T1 and T2 are independently selected from any one of the terms of equations M37 to M42, and the value of n ranges from 1 to 6;

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] R1-R 900 It is independently selected from any one of the following groups: hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, carboxyl, aldehyde, amino, mercapto, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, mono- or polyaminealkyl, mono- or polysubstituted haloalkyl, mono- or polyalkoxy, phosphonyl, siloxyalkyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl isocyanate, carboxylate, phosphonate, isocyanate, and heterocyclic groups;

[0091] Y1-Y4 are independently selected from any one of the following groups: hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, carboxyl, aldehyde, amino, mercapto, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, mono- or polyaminealkyl, mono- or polysubstituted haloalkyl, mono- or polyalkoxy, phosphonyl, siloxyalkyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl isocyanate, carboxylate, phosphonate, isocyanate, and heterocyclic groups;

[0092] Wherein, methylene is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic methylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; double bond is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; triple bond is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms; aryl is phenyl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl, p-fluorophenyl, p-trifluorophenyl, naphthyl, biphenyl, anthracenel, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluorenyl, benzo[a]pyrene, or aryl; aralkyl is phenyl, mono- or polyalkyl-substituted phenyl, mono- or polyhalogenated phenyl, naphthyl, mono- or polyalkyl-substituted naphthyl, mono- or polyhalogenated naphthyl, biphenyl, mono- or polyalkyl-substituted biphenyl, mono- or polyhalogenated biphenyl, anthracene, mono- or polyalkyl-substituted ... The alkyl group may be a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group with an amino group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. The alkyl group may be a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and is a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and is a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and is a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms and is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. The substitutions include the following groups: alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, amino, mercapto, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, haloalkylcarboxyl, alkylacyl, and heterocyclic groups. Heterocyclic groups include pyridyl, pyrrole, furanyl, pyranyl, thiophene, phenothiazinyl, phenothiazinyl, pyrazolyl, quinolinyl, or indoleyl groups with 5-30 carbons substituted or unsubstituted. Substitution includes monosubstituted and polysubstituted groups, and substitution can be on the same carbon or on different carbons.

[0093] Further, the methylene group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic methylene group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms; the double bond is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms; and the triple bond is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkynyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. The hydroxyalkyl group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group with hydroxyl substitution having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and the aminealkyl group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group with amino substitution having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. The heterocyclic group includes substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl, pyrrole, furanyl, pyranyl, thiophene, phenothiazinyl, phenothiazinyl, pyrazolyl, quinolinyl, or indoleyl groups with 5 to 18 carbon atoms.

[0094] Furthermore, the methylene group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic methylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; the double bond is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; and the triple bond is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkynyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydroxyalkyl group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group with hydroxyl substitution having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and the aminealkyl group is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl group with amino substitution having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The heterocyclic group includes 5-12 carbon substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl, pyrrole, furanyl, pyranyl, thiophene, phenothiazinyl, phenothiazinyl, pyrazolyl, quinolinyl, or indoleyl groups, etc.

[0095] To ensure that the overall molecular physicochemical properties and intermolecular collisions and exchanges are not affected by the branched chains, and to improve the electronic color-changing efficiency of the electrochromic material, it is preferable to limit the length of the branched chains to less than 18 carbon atoms. Further preferably, it is less than 12 carbon atoms.

[0096] X1-X 108 It is independently selected from any one of 3-30 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted continuous double bonds, 1-11 continuous triple bonds, and 1-8 substituted or unsubstituted disubstituted benzene rings;

[0097] Furthermore, X1-X 108 It is independently selected from any one of 3-18 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted continuous double bonds, 1-6 continuous triple bonds, and 1-4 substituted or unsubstituted disubstituted benzene rings;

[0098] The substituents of the continuous methylene group include at least one of hydroxyl, amino, ester bond, aldehyde, carbonyl, halogen, carboxyl, nitro, mercapto, aromatic group, aromatic alkyl, and heterocyclic group; the substituents of the continuous double bond can be at least one of alkyl, halogen, carboxyl, aldehyde, aromatic group, aromatic alkyl, and heterocyclic group; and the substituents of the disubstituted benzene ring include at least one of hydroxyl, amino, ester bond, aldehyde, carbonyl, halogen, carboxyl, nitro, mercapto, aromatic group, aromatic alkyl, and heterocyclic group.

[0099] Y5 includes any one of 0-20 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 0-11 substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-vinyl groups, and 0-11 substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-ethynyl groups.

[0100] Wherein, the continuous methylene group includes straight-chain, branched, or cyclic groups, and the continuous double and triple bonds are straight-chain groups; the substituents of the continuous methylene group include at least one of hydroxyl, amino, ester, aldehyde, carbonyl, halogen, carboxyl, nitro, mercapto, aromatic, aromatic alkyl, and heterocyclic groups, and the substituents of the continuous double bond include at least one of alkyl, halogen, carboxyl, aldehyde, aromatic, aromatic alkyl, and heterocyclic groups;

[0101] Y6 includes any one of the following: a methylene group with a chain length of 1-12 carbons (substituted or unsubstituted); an aryl group with 6-12 carbons (substituted or unsubstituted); an aralkyl group with 7-12 carbons (substituted or unsubstituted); an alicyclic group with 4-15 carbons (substituted or unsubstituted); and a heterocyclic group with 4-15 carbons (substituted or unsubstituted). The heterocyclic group is any one of pyridyl, pyrrole, furanyl, pyranyl, thiophene, quinolinyl, and indoleyl groups with 4-15 carbons. Substitution includes 1-3 substitutions, and the substituents can be the same or different. Substituents include any one of hydroxyl, amino, ester, aldehyde, carbonyl, halogen, carboxyl, nitro, mercapto, and carboxylic acid ester groups.

[0102] X - It includes any one of halides, borate, tetrafluoroborate, tetraarylborate, hexafluorometal or metalloid, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfonamide, carboxylate, perchlorate and tetrachloroferroate.

[0103] Among them, consecutive double bonds refer to Three consecutive keystrokes Carboxylic acid esters refer to esters formed by the reaction of acids with 10 or fewer carbon atoms with alcohols with 10 or fewer carbon atoms.

[0104] For example, X - It can be F - Cl - ,Br - I - BF4 - PF6 - SbF6 - AsF6 - ClO4 - SO3CF3 - N(CN)2 - N(CF3SO2)2 - C(CF3SO2)3 - N(SO2C2F5)2 - -Al(OC(CF3)3)4 or -BAr4, where Ar represents aryl or fluorinated aryl. The above structural formulas include multiple X... - At that time, multiple X - They can be the same or different.

[0105] For example, the method for preparing the electrochromic material provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0106] Using substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridine, diazophenanthrene or diazopyrene as substrates, 1-chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene was reacted to prepare bis(2,4-dinitro)diazochloroium salts;

[0107] Heterocyclic substituted anilines were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of N-heterocycles and hydrogen reduction.

[0108] The 2,4-dinitrophenyl of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl)diazaphenanthrene chloride salt was replaced by heterocyclic substituted aniline via the Zincke reaction;

[0109] The target product (i.e., the electrochromic material provided in the embodiments of this application) was prepared by anion substitution with ammonium tetrafluoroborate.

[0110] Specifically, Examples 1-6 illustrate the preparation process of the electrochromic process provided in the embodiments of this application:

[0111] (1) 3,8-diazepinene and 1-chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene were dissolved in acetonitrile and subjected to reflux reaction. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was washed three times with washing solution and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60°C for 12 hours to obtain intermediate I.

[0112] (2) The compounds shown in Examples 1-6 were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide solvent with 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene, potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst, and the mixture was heated under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed multiple times with water and petroleum ether to obtain the corresponding N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound.

[0113] The above compound was then dissolved together with Pd / C in anhydrous ethanol. After complete dissolution under reflux in a hydrogen atmosphere, hydrazine hydrate was added and the reaction was continued at high temperature. After the reaction was completed, intermediate II was obtained by column chromatography or recrystallization.

[0114] (3) Dissolve intermediate I and intermediate II in ethanol and heat under reflux in a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction is complete, cool to room temperature and filter to obtain crude product precipitate. Then recrystallize with acetone or acetonitrile. Dissolve the recrystallized in pure water, add ammonium tetrafluoroborate, stir to react fully, precipitate, filter, and wash with pure water to obtain the corresponding target product.

[0115] In step (1), the molar ratio of 3,8-diaphenanthrene to 1-chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene is 1:(2.3-4), the heating temperature is 40℃-90℃, the reaction time is 8h-24h, and the washing solution is diethyl ether or acetone. Preferably, the molar ratio of 3,8-diaphenanthrene to 1-chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene is 1:(2.5-3), the heating temperature is 60℃-90℃, and the reaction time is 12h-24h.

[0116] In step (2), the molar ratio of the compounds shown in Examples 1-6 to 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene is 1:(1.3-4), the ratio of the compounds shown in Examples 1-6 to potassium hydroxide is 1:(1.3-3), the temperature is 90℃-150℃, and the reaction time is 4h-24h; the mass ratio of the N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound to Pd / C is 1:(0.02-0.1), 3.0mL-10mL of hydrazine hydrate needs to be added per gram of N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, the temperature is 60℃-120℃, the mixing time before the reaction is 20min-60min, and the reaction time after adding hydrazine hydrate is 1h-30h. Preferably, the molar ratio of the compound shown in Examples 1-6 to 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene is 1:(1.5-3), the ratio of the compound shown in Examples 1-6 to potassium hydroxide is 1:(1.5-3), the temperature is 90℃-120℃, the reaction time is 10h-24h, the mass ratio of N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound to Pd / C is 1:(0.02-0.05), 3.0mL-5.0mL of hydrazine hydrate needs to be added per gram of N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, the temperature is 90℃-120℃, the mixing time before the reaction is 20min-300min, and the reaction time after adding hydrazine hydrate is 8h-12h.

[0117] In step (3), the molar ratio of intermediate I to intermediate II is 1:(2.3-4), the reaction temperature is 60℃-120℃, the reaction time is 2h-24h, and the molar ratio of recrystallization to ammonium tetrafluoroborate is 1:(10-50). Preferably, the molar ratio of intermediate I to intermediate II is 1:(2.5-3), the reaction temperature is 80℃-100℃, the reaction time is 10h-15h, and the molar ratio of recrystallization to ammonium tetrafluoroborate is 1:(30-40).

[0118] According to a second aspect of this application, an electrochromic electrolyte is also provided, comprising the electrochromic material as described above. The electrochromic electrolyte provided in this application embodiment possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned electrochromic material, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0119] In some embodiments, the electrochromic electrolyte further includes a solvent and an electrolyte.

[0120] In some embodiments, the solvent includes at least one selected from 3-methylcyclobutane sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethoxyethanol, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

[0121] The solvent in the electrochromic electrolyte can fully dissolve the electrochromic material and other auxiliary reagents while ensuring stability. The aforementioned solvent exhibits good solubility for the electrochromic material and good chemical stability.

[0122] The preferred solvents are propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. Propylene carbonate and propylene carbonate exhibit good solubility and a wide electrochemical window, as well as good chemical and thermal stability, making them suitable for a wider range of applications. Dimethyl sulfoxide is a polar aprotic solvent with good solubility for various organic and inorganic salts. It has low viscosity and high ionic conductivity, which facilitates rapid ion transport. Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether is a high-boiling-point, low-viscosity ether solvent that remains stable over a wide voltage range, and its low viscosity improves the response speed of electrochromic reactions.

[0123] In some embodiments, the electrolyte includes at least one of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and tetrabutyltetrafluoroborate. When selecting the electrolyte for the electrochromic electrolyte, factors such as solubility, ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, thermal stability, and cost need to be comprehensively considered. The compatibility of the electrolyte with the electrochromic material and solvent also needs to be taken into account. The aforementioned electrolytes all possess relatively good performance, ensuring the electrochromic performance and stability of the electrochromic electrolyte.

[0124] The electrolyte is preferably at least one of lithium tetrafluoroborate and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Lithium tetrafluoroborate has good solubility in a variety of solvents, can form a stable electrolyte, and has a wide electrochemical window, good thermal and chemical stability, which can resist the decomposition of the electrochromic electrolyte to a certain extent under high temperature or long-term use. 1-Butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is an ionic liquid electrolyte with low volatility, low viscosity, good chemical stability, and good thermal stability, which can ensure the safety and reliability of the electrochromic electrolyte.

[0125] In some embodiments, the concentration of the electrolyte is 0.05M-1.5M. The concentration of the electrolyte can affect the ionic conductivity, electrochemical stability, and electrochromic properties of the electrochromic electrolyte.

[0126] For example, the concentration of the electrolyte can be 0.05M, 0.1M, 0.2M, 0.3M, 0.5M, 0.7M, 1.0M, 1.2M or 1.5M.

[0127] The preferred concentration of the electrolyte is 0.05M-0.3M. Within this concentration range, the electrochromic electrolyte has a low viscosity, which is beneficial for ion migration and diffusion, and can ensure the ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability of the electrochromic electrolyte.

[0128] In some embodiments, the electrochromic electrolyte further includes stabilizers and thickeners. Stabilizers in the electrochromic electrolyte prevent degradation or deterioration of the electrochromic material, reduce side reactions, maintain the chemical stability of the electrochromic electrolyte, and prevent damage from ultraviolet radiation. Thickeners adjust the viscosity of the electrochromic electrolyte, improve its uniformity, and enhance the response speed and color uniformity of the electrochromic device.

[0129] In some embodiments, the stabilizer includes at least one selected from 2-ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, (2-ethylhexyl)-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 3-[3-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxypropionylaniline.

[0130] The preferred stabilizer is 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole. The introduction of the hydroxyl and methyl groups in 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole may further enhance its UV absorption capacity and stability. The hydroxyl group is a strongly polar group, which helps increase the solubility of the compound in water or other polar solvents, and may also improve its compatibility with other components in the electrolyte. The methyl group, on the other hand, is a nonpolar group, which may help increase the hydrophobicity and stability of the compound. Furthermore, the benzotriazole ring itself is a very stable structure, resistant to various chemical and physical attacks. This makes 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole an ideal UV stabilizer.

[0131] In some embodiments, the concentration of the stabilizer is 1 wt%–8 wt%. Too low a concentration may not provide sufficient protection, while too high a concentration will lead to increased viscosity and cost of the electrochromic electrolyte. Therefore, to ensure that the stabilizer provides sufficient protection while balancing the viscosity and cost of the electrochromic electrolyte, the stabilizer concentration is set to 1 wt%–8 wt%.

[0132] For example, the concentration of the stabilizer can be set to 1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, 5 wt%, 6 wt%, 7 wt%, or 8 wt%.

[0133] The concentration of the stabilizer is preferably set to 1wt%-3wt%, which ensures sufficient protection while keeping the viscosity and cost of the electrochromic electrolyte within a reasonable range.

[0134] In some embodiments, the thickener comprises at least one selected from polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polysilane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylidene halide; and / or copolymers of at least two selected from polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polysilane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylidene halide.

[0135] According to a third aspect of this application, a rearview mirror 100 is also provided, comprising the electrochromic electrolyte as described above.

[0136] When driving at high speed, if a vehicle behind suddenly shines a bright light into the rearview mirror 100, it can easily cause glare for the driver, prolonging their reaction time and increasing braking distance by more than 30%, posing a significant threat to driving safety. The anti-glare rearview mirror 100 can change color when energized, thereby absorbing most of the incident light and mitigating this problem to some extent. The rearview mirror 100 provided in this application embodiment, by employing the electrochromic electrolyte described above, can improve response speed, enhance stability, and ensure that the rearview mirror 100 better performs its anti-glare function.

[0137] According to the fourth aspect of this application, another rearview mirror 100 is also provided; please refer to Figures 1-6 The rearview mirror 100 includes a first substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 41, a functional layer 9, a conductive reflective layer 7, and a second substrate 2, which are stacked together. The functional layer 9 includes an electrochromic electrolyte.

[0138] The first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 provide support and protection. The transparent conductive layer 41 allows light to pass through and supplies power to the functional layer 9. The conductive reflective layer reflects light and supplies power to the functional layer 9. The transparent conductive layer 41 and the conductive reflective layer 7, which are disposed on opposite sides of the functional layer 9, supply power to the functional layer 9, causing the functional layer 9 to undergo electrochromic changes. When the rearview mirror 100 is exposed to strong light, the functional layer 9 is colored, producing an anti-glare effect.

[0139] In some embodiments, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are transparent materials with a light transmittance greater than 60%, such as glass or transparent plastic, which provide protection while allowing light to pass through. Specifically, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 have the same shape, and the edge of the first substrate 1 is arc-shaped with a chamfer radius of 1mm-4mm. The chamfer can be frosted or smooth.

[0140] Furthermore, the chamfer radius of the first substrate 1 is preferably 2mm-3mm, the chamfer is frosted, and the length and width of the second substrate 2 are smaller than the length and width of the first substrate 1, with a difference of 0-1.5mm between the two.

[0141] In some embodiments, the material of the transparent conductive layer 41 includes at least one selected from indium tin oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped zinc oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The thickness of the transparent conductive layer 41 is 50 nm-500 nm, and the sheet resistance is 5 Ω / □-100 Ω / □. Preferably, the material of the transparent conductive layer 41 is indium tin oxide, the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 41 is 80 nm-250 nm, and the sheet resistance is 8 Ω / □-15 Ω / □.

[0142] In some embodiments, the conductive reflective layer 7 is a composite film layer, including a protective layer, a metal reflective layer, and an underlayer. The protective layer can be a metal layer, and the material of the metal layer includes at least one selected from titanium, aluminum, platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, gold, palladium, and copper. The protective layer can also be a metal oxide layer, and the material of the metal oxide layer includes at least one selected from indium tin oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped zinc oxide, and aluminum-doped zinc oxide. The transmittance of the protective layer is above 85%, and the thickness is 5nm-50nm. Preferably, the material of the protective layer is one of titanium, platinum, and indium tin oxide, and the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 8nm-20nm. The material of the metal reflective layer includes at least one selected from titanium, silver, aluminum, platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, gold, palladium, and copper, and the thickness of the metal reflective layer is 5nm-500nm. Preferably, the material of the metal reflective layer is silver or a silver-gold-palladium alloy, and the thickness is preferably 8nm-200nm. Applying a base coat can improve the adhesion of the metal reflective layer to the surface of the second substrate 2. The preferred material is one of the following: titanium dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, silicon dioxide, indium tin oxide, tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, antimony-doped zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, and magnesium fluoride. The thickness is 30nm-120nm. The preferred materials for the base coat are niobium pentoxide and indium tin oxide, with a preferred thickness of 30nm-120nm.

[0143] Overall, the sheet resistance of the conductive reflective layer 7 is 0.01Ω / □-5Ω / □, the reflectivity is above 50%, and the transmittance is 4%-20%. Preferably, the sheet resistance of the conductive reflective layer 7 is 0.01Ω / □-1.2Ω / □, the reflectivity is above 60%, and the transmittance is 5%-15%.

[0144] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 3-6A shielding layer 31 is provided circumferentially on the edge of the first substrate 1 near the transparent conductive layer 41. A first conductive adhesive layer 51 is provided circumferentially on the edge of the transparent conductive layer 41 near the functional layer 9, and a second conductive adhesive layer 52 is provided circumferentially on the edge of the conductive reflective layer 7 near the functional layer 9. The first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 are provided along the edge of the functional layer 9.

[0145] The material of the shielding layer 31 includes at least one of silver, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, aluminum, and titanium, with a width of 2mm-8mm and a thickness of 20nm-500nm. Preferably, the material of the shielding layer 31 is at least one of silver and chromium, and the width of the shielding layer 31 is preferably 3mm-6mm, with a thickness of 50nm-250nm.

[0146] Please see Figures 3-6 The shielding layer 31 is located between the first substrate 1 and the transparent conductive layer 41. The opposite sides of the shielding layer 31 are in contact with the first substrate 1 and the transparent conductive layer 41, respectively, and the shielding layer 31 is disposed in the circumferential direction of the edge. By providing the shielding layer 31, the conductivity at the edge can be accelerated, and the aesthetics of the rearview mirror can be improved.

[0147] The shape of the shielding layer 31 can be as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0148] The first conductive adhesive layer 51 can be electrically connected to the transparent conductive layer 41, and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 can be electrically connected to the conductive reflective layer 7, facilitating the supply of power to the transparent conductive layer 41 and the conductive reflective layer 7. Compared to related technologies, where the first conductive adhesive layer 51 is disposed on the side edge of the transparent conductive layer 41 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 is disposed on the side edge of the conductive reflective layer 7, the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 in this embodiment have better conductivity and higher stability.

[0149] In some embodiments, the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 are made of an adhesive containing mixed conductive metal powders, wherein the conductive metal powders are made of at least one of gold, silver, nickel, copper, gold-plated nickel-copper, and silver-plated nickel-copper. The first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 have a sheet resistance of less than 1 Ω / □, a width of 0.5 mm to 3 mm, and a thickness of 10 μm to 500 μm. Preferably, the conductive metal powders in the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 are made of at least one of silver and gold-plated nickel-copper, have a sheet resistance of less than 50 mΩ / □, a width of 1 mm to 2 mm, and a thickness of 30 μm to 100 μm.

[0150] In some embodiments, a first conductive strip 101 and a second conductive strip 102 are disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 opposite to the conductive reflective layer 7. The first conductive strip 101 is electrically connected to the first conductive adhesive layer 51, and the second conductive strip 102 is electrically connected to the second conductive adhesive layer 52.

[0151] Please refer to Figures 3-6 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 A gap exists between the edge of the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the edge of the transparent conductive layer 41, while the first conductive adhesive layer 51 protrudes near the first conductive strip 101 to make contact between the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the first conductive layer. The length of the protruding portion is 5mm-100mm, and the width is 0.3mm-4mm. Preferably, the length of the protruding portion is 10mm-20mm, and the width is 0.5mm-1.5mm.

[0152] The first conductive strip 101 and the second conductive strip 102 are metal strips or flexible circuit boards with good conductivity. The metal strips are made of at least one of copper, silver, nickel, gold, and palladium, or copper, nickel, palladium, aluminum, etc., plated with silver. The thickness of the first conductive strip 101 and the second conductive strip 102 is 10μm-200μm. Preferably, the first conductive strip 101 and the second conductive strip 102 can be flexible circuit boards, silver sheets, or silver-plated copper sheets, with a thickness of 20μm-60μm.

[0153] In some embodiments, the first conductive strip 101 is connected to the second substrate 2 via a first adhesive strip 111, and the second conductive strip 102 is connected to the second substrate 2 via a second adhesive strip 112. The first adhesive strip 111 and the second adhesive strip 112 can be double-sided adhesive.

[0154] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 3-6 A border adhesive layer 8 is provided along the edge of the functional layer 9; the border adhesive layer 8 is disposed between the functional layer 9 and the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52. The border adhesive layer 8 disposed along the edge of the functional layer 9 can seal the functional layer 9 and prevent the electrochromic electrolyte in the functional layer 9 from leaking.

[0155] The material of the border adhesive layer 8 is preferably an adhesive with low permeability to oxygen, water vapor, and organic solvents, and which does not interact with the components in the electrochromic electrolyte. Specifically, it includes at least one of phenolic resin, epoxy resin, and silicone adhesive. The thickness of the border adhesive layer 8 is 50 μm-250 μm, and the width is 0.5 mm-3 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the border adhesive layer 8 is 60 μm-150 μm, and the width is 0.8 mm-1.2 mm.

[0156] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 3-6 An insulating layer 6 is provided between the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52. The insulating layer 6 can separate the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52, preventing short circuits between them.

[0157] Specifically, the insulating layer 6 includes a first insulating layer 61 and a second insulating layer 62. The first insulating layer 61 is disposed close to the first conductive adhesive layer 51, and the second insulating layer 62 is disposed close to the second conductive adhesive layer 52. The resistance of the first insulating layer 61 and the second insulating layer 62 satisfies the following condition: the resistance of a 1cm length of wire is greater than 10 Ω. 15 Ω, with a thickness of 5μm-50μm and a width of 0.5mm-3mm. Preferably, the first insulating layer 61 and the second insulating layer 62 have a thickness of 7μm-20μm and a width of 1mm-2mm, and the first insulating layer 61 and the second insulating layer 62 can be insulating ink layers. Taking the first insulating layer 61 as an example, its structure is as follows: Figure 10 As shown.

[0158] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including the rearview mirror 100 as described above. This vehicle possesses all the beneficial effects of the aforementioned rearview mirror 100, which will not be elaborated further herein.

[0159] The electrochromic material and the rearview mirror made from the electrochromic material are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0160] The preparation process of intermediate I in Examples 1-10 is as follows: 18.0 g of 3,8-diaphenanthrene and 50.3 g of 1-chloro-3,4-dinitrobenzene were dissolved in 500 mL of acetonitrile, and the mixture was heated to 80 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered to obtain a precipitate. The precipitate was then washed three times with washing solution and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60 °C for 12 h to obtain 53.1 g of intermediate I, with a yield of 91.1%. The reaction process is shown in Reaction Formula 1:

[0161]

[0162] Example 1

[0163] 6.7 g of the compound shown in Example 1 and 21.2 g of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene were dissolved in 400 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide. 8.4 g of potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst. After complete dissolution under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed repeatedly with water and petroleum ether to obtain 15.6 g of N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, with a yield of 82.9%. 15.0 g of the above N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound was then dissolved together with 0.47 g of Pd / C in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After complete dissolution under hydrogen atmosphere and reflux, 60 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the reaction was continued at 120 °C. After the reaction was completed, column chromatography was used to obtain 7.7 g of intermediate II-1, with a yield of 61.2% (see reaction formula 2).

[0164] 5.8 g of intermediate I and 4 g of intermediate II-1 were dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol and refluxed at 90 °C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to obtain a precipitate, and recrystallized from acetone to obtain 3.9 g of crystals, with a yield of 72.1%. 3.5 g of the crystals were dissolved in 50 mL of pure water, and 20 g of ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred until fully precipitated, filtered, and washed with pure water to obtain 19.7 g of target product 1, with a yield of 47.2% (see reaction formula 3).

[0165] Spectral analysis of target product 1: MS: m / z = 638.3. 1H NMR (600MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d) δ 8.94 (d, 2H), 8.76 (t, 4H), 8.41 (s, 2H), 8.06 (s, 4H), 7.83 (d, 4H), 7.31 (t, 4H), 6.41 (t, 4H).

[0166]

[0167]

[0168] Example 2

[0169] 16.7 g of the compound described in Example 2 and 21.2 g of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene were dissolved in 400 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide. 8.4 g of potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst. After complete dissolution under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed repeatedly with water and petroleum ether to obtain 20.0 g of N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, with a yield of 69.1%. 20.0 g of the above N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound was then dissolved together with 0.6 g of Pd / C in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After complete dissolution under hydrogen atmosphere and reflux, 80 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the reaction was continued at 120 °C. After the reaction was complete, column chromatography was used to obtain 14.1 g of intermediate II-2, with a yield of 78.6% (see reaction formula 4).

[0170] 5.8 g of intermediate I and 6.5 g of intermediate II-2 were dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol and refluxed at 90 °C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to obtain a precipitate, and recrystallized from acetone to obtain 5.1 g of crystals, with a yield of 69.2%. The 5.1 g of crystals were dissolved in 50 mL of pure water, and 21.9 g of ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred until fully reacted, precipitated, filtered, and washed with pure water to obtain 3.0 g of target product 2, with a yield of 51.4% (see reaction formula 5).

[0171] Spectral analysis of target product 2: MS: m / z = 838.4. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide-d) δ 8.92 (d, 2H), 8.74 (t, 4H), 8.46 (s, 2H), 8.06 (s, 4H), 8.01 (d, 4H), 7.97 (dd, 2H), 7.69 (d, 4H), 7.59 (dd, 2H), 7.51 (dt, 2H), 7.41 (dt, 2H), 7.21 (m, 4H).

[0172]

[0173]

[0174] Example 3

[0175] 16.9 g of the compound shown in Example 3 was dissolved in 400 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide with 21.2 g of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene. 8.4 g of potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst. After complete dissolution under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed repeatedly with water and petroleum ether to obtain 21.2 g of the N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, with a yield of 73.2%. 20.0 g of the above N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound was then dissolved in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol with 0.6 g of Pd / C. After complete dissolution under hydrogen atmosphere and reflux, 80 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the reaction was continued at 120 °C. After the reaction was complete, column chromatography was used to obtain 13.1 g of intermediate II-3, with a yield of 73.2% (see reaction formula 6).

[0176] 5.8 g of intermediate I and 6.5 g of intermediate II-3 were dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol and refluxed at 90 °C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to obtain a precipitate, and recrystallized from acetone to obtain 4.7 g of crystals, with a yield of 63.5%. 4.5 g of crystals were dissolved in 50 mL of pure water, and 21.9 g of ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred until fully reacted, precipitated, filtered, and washed with pure water to obtain 2.7 g of target product 3, with a yield of 52.3% (see reaction formula 7).

[0177] Spectral analysis of target product 3: MS: m / z = 842.4. 1H NMR (600MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide) δ 8.90 (d, 2H), 8.72 (t, 4H), 8.44 (s, 2H), 7.97 (d, 2H), 7.25 (m, 8H), 7.19 (d, 4H), 7.11 (dd, 8H), 7.03 (dt, 4H).

[0178]

[0179]

[0180] Example 4

[0181] 20.0 g of the compound shown in Example 4 and 21.2 g of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene were dissolved in 400 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide. 8.4 g of potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst. After complete dissolution under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed repeatedly with water and petroleum ether to obtain 21.3 g of the N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, with a yield of 66.7%. Then, 20.0 g of the above N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound was dissolved together with 0.6 g of Pd / C in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol. After complete dissolution under hydrogen atmosphere and reflux, 80 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the reaction was continued at 120 °C. After the reaction was complete, column chromatography was used to obtain 11.6 g of intermediate II-4, with a yield of 63.9% (see reaction formula 8).

[0182] 5.8 g of intermediate I and 7.3 g of intermediate II-4 were dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol and refluxed at 90 °C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to obtain a precipitate, and recrystallized from acetone to obtain 5.5 g of crystals, with a yield of 68.8%. 5.0 g of the crystals were dissolved in 50 mL of pure water, and 21.9 g of ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred until fully reacted, precipitated, filtered, and washed with pure water to obtain 3.1 g of the target product 4, with a yield of 55.3% (see reaction formula 9).

[0183] Spectral analysis of target product 4: MS: m / z = 902.3. 1H NMR (600MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide) δ 8.92 (d, 2H), 8.73 (t, 4H), 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.82 (d, 4H), 7.23 (dt, 4H), 7.21 (dd, 4H), 7.20 (d, 4H), 7.17 (dd, 4H), 6.99 (dt, 4H).

[0184]

[0185] Example 5

[0186] 19.6 g of the compound shown in Example 5 was dissolved in 400 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide with 21.2 g of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene. 8.4 g of potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst. After complete dissolution under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed repeatedly with water and petroleum ether to obtain 23.8 g of the N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, with a yield of 75.1%. Then, 20.0 g of the above N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound was dissolved in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol with 0.6 g of Pd / C. After complete dissolution under hydrogen atmosphere and reflux, 80 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the reaction was continued at 120 °C. After the reaction was complete, column chromatography was used to obtain 10.5 g of intermediate II-5, with a yield of 52.8% (see reaction formula 10).

[0187] 5.8 g of intermediate I and 7.3 g of intermediate II-5 were dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol and refluxed at 90 °C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to obtain a precipitate, and recrystallized from acetone to obtain 5.1 g of crystals, with a yield of 64.2%. 5.0 g of the crystals were dissolved in 50 mL of pure water, and 19.9 g of ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred until fully reacted, precipitated, filtered, and washed with pure water to obtain 2.9 g of the target product 5, with a yield of 51.7% (see reaction formula 11).

[0188] Spectral analysis of target product 5: MS: m / z = 896.4. 1H NMR (600MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide) δ 8.91 (d, 2H), 8.72 (t, 4H), 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.82 (d, 4H), 7.19 (d, 4H), 7.14 (m, 8H), 6.96 (m, 8H), 3.23 (s, 6H).

[0189]

[0190] Example 6

[0191] 33.4 g of the compound shown in Example 6 was dissolved in 400 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide with 21.2 g of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene. 8.4 g of potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst. After complete dissolution under nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 12 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, and ethanol or cold water was added to precipitate the product. After filtration, the product was washed repeatedly with water and petroleum ether to obtain 31.9 g of the N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound, with a yield of 72.4%. Then, 20.0 g of the above N-substituted 4-nitrobenzene compound was dissolved in 300 mL of anhydrous ethanol with 0.6 g of Pd / C. After complete dissolution under hydrogen atmosphere and reflux, 80 mL of hydrazine hydrate was added, and the reaction was continued at 120 °C. After the reaction was complete, column chromatography was used to obtain 12.6 g of intermediate II-6, with a yield of 67.2%. (See Reaction Formula 12)

[0192] 5.8 g of intermediate I and 10.8 g of intermediate II-6 were dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol and refluxed at 90 °C for 12 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered to obtain a precipitate, and recrystallized from acetone to obtain 5.8 g of crystals, with a yield of 63.2%. 5.0 g of the crystals were dissolved in 50 mL of pure water, and 17.2 g of ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred until fully reacted, precipitated, filtered, and washed with pure water to obtain 2.7 g of the target product 6, with a yield of 48.2% (see reaction formula 13).

[0193] Spectral analysis of target product 6: MS: m / z = 1172.4. 1H NMR (600MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide) δ 8.92 (d, 2H), 8.73 (t, 4H), 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.81 (d, 4H), 7.19 (m, 16H), 6.99 (dt, 4H), 6.59 (s, 2H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 3.20 (s, 6H).

[0194]

[0195]

[0196] Example 7

[0197] 8.3 g of 5,10-bis(4-(6'-bromohexyl)phenylhexyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine was placed in a flask, and 400 mL of acetonitrile was added as a solvent. The mixture was stirred and dissolved under nitrogen atmosphere. After complete dissolution, 300 mL of an acetonitrile solution containing 1.3 g of 4,4'-bipyridine was slowly added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the solution was heated to 120 °C and reacted for 20 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled and a solid precipitated. The solid was collected by filtration and separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The pure fraction was collected, evaporated to dryness, and the solid compound was obtained. The solid compound was dissolved in pure water, and ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred thoroughly, precipitated, filtered, and washed with ethanol to obtain 1.7 g of the target product 7, with a yield of 21.3% (see reaction formula 14).

[0198] Spectral analysis of target product 7: MS: m / z = 998.7. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide) δ 9.09 (d, 4H), 8.98 (d, 4H), 7.16 (dd, 4H), 7.06 (s, 8H), 6.96 (dd, 4H), 5.03 (t, 4H), 3.06 (t, 4H), 2.54 (t, 8H), 2.04 (m, 4H), 1.63 (m, 8H), 1.52 (m, 4H), 1.26 (m, 16H).

[0199]

[0200] Example 8

[0201] 8.3 g of 5,10-bis(4-(6'-bromohexyl)phenylhexyl)-5,10-dihydrophenazine was placed in a flask, and 400 mL of acetonitrile was added as a solvent. The mixture was stirred and dissolved under nitrogen atmosphere. After complete dissolution, 300 mL of an acetonitrile solution containing 1.4 g of 3,8-diazaphenanthroline was slowly added dropwise. After complete addition, the solution was heated to 120 °C and reacted for 20 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to precipitate a solid. The solid was collected by filtration and separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The pure fraction was collected, evaporated to dryness, and the solid compound was obtained. The solid compound was dissolved in pure water, and ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred thoroughly, precipitated, filtered, and washed with ethanol to obtain 1.1 g of the target product 8, with a yield of 16.8% (see reaction formula 15).

[0202] Spectral analysis of target product 8: MS: m / z = 1002.7. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide): 10.26 (s, 2H), 8.98 (d, 2H), 8.63 (d, 2H), 8.44 (s, 2H), 7.16 (dd, 4H), 7.06 (s, 8H), 6.96 (dd, 4H), 5.03 (t, 4H), 3.06 (t, 4H), 2.54 (t, 8H), 2.04 (m, 4H), 1.63 (m, 8H), 1.52 (m, 4H), 1.26 (m, 16H).

[0203]

[0204] Example 9

[0205] 1.6 g of 4,4'-bipyridine was placed in a flask, and 400 mL of acetonitrile was added as a solvent. The mixture was stirred and heated to 120 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After the temperature stabilized, 300 mL of an acetonitrile solution containing 6.6 g of 5,10-bis(4-(6'-bromohexyl)phenylhexyl)-5,10-dihydrophenanthrene was slowly added dropwise to the flask. After the addition was complete, the mixture was refluxed for 15 h. After the reaction was complete, the solid precipitated upon cooling. The solid was collected by filtration and separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The pure fraction was collected, evaporated to dryness, dissolved in pure water, and ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred thoroughly to precipitate, filtered, and washed with ethanol to obtain the target product 9 (see reaction formula 16).

[0206] Spectral analysis of target product 9: MS: m / z = 1997.3. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide) δ 9.10 (d, 8H), 8.99 (d, 8H), 7.15 (dd, 8H), 7.03 (s, 16H), 6.97 (dd, 8H), 5.03 (t, 8H), 3.06 (t, 8H), 2.54 (t, 16H), 2.04 (m, 8H), 1.63 (m, 16H), 1.52 (m, 8H), 1.26 (m, 32H).

[0207]

[0208] Example 10

[0209] 1.8 g of 3,8-diazaphenanthrene was placed in a flask, and 400 mL of acetonitrile was added as a solvent. The mixture was stirred and heated to 120 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. After the temperature stabilized, 300 mL of an acetonitrile solution containing 6.6 g of 5,10-bis(4-(6'-bromohexyl)phenylhexyl)-5,10-dihydrophenanthrene was slowly added dropwise to the flask. After the addition was complete, the mixture was refluxed for 15 h. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled and a solid precipitated. The solid was filtered and collected, and separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The pure fraction was collected, evaporated to dryness, dissolved in pure water, and ammonium tetrafluoroborate was added. The mixture was stirred thoroughly, precipitated, filtered, and washed with ethanol to obtain the target product 10 (see reaction formula 17).

[0210] Spectral analysis of target product 10: MS: m / z = 2045.3. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, dimethyl sulfoxide): 10.11 (s, 4H), 8.86 (d, 4H), 8.53 (d, 4H), 8.34 (s, 4H), 7.11 (dd, 8H), 7.06 (s, 16H), 6.96 (dd, 8H), 5.03 (t, 8H), 3.06 (t, 8H), 2.54 (t, 16H), 2.04 (m, 8H), 1.63 (m, 16H), 1.52 (m, 8H), 1.26 (m, 32H).

[0211]

[0212] Experimental Example

[0213] The target products obtained in Examples 1-10 were used as electrochromic materials to prepare rearview mirrors 100 for electrochromic performance testing.

[0214] For the structure of the rearview mirror, please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 1-9 As shown, where:

[0215] The first substrate 1 is made of 3mm thick ordinary soda-lime transparent glass with a transmittance greater than 85%, frosted edges, and a chamfer radius R of 2.5mm; the second substrate 2 is made of 1.5mm thick ordinary soda-lime transparent glass with a transmittance greater than 85%; the shielding layer 31 is made of chromium, with a width of 3.5mm and a thickness of 90nm; the transparent conductive layer 41 is made of indium tin oxide, with a thickness of 250nm; the first conductive adhesive layer 51 and the second conductive adhesive layer 52 are 1.5mm wide and 40μm thick, respectively, with silver selected as the conductive metal powder, a 0.5mm wide partition portion, and a length of [missing information - likely a unit of measurement]. The thickness of the first insulating ink layer and the second insulating ink layer is 10 μm and the width is 2.5 mm. The conductive reflective layer 7 includes a protective layer, a metal reflective layer and a base layer stacked together. The material of the protective layer is indium tin oxide and the thickness is 30 nm. The material of the metal reflective layer is silver and the thickness is 300 nm. The material of the base layer is niobium pentoxide and the thickness is 80 nm. The width of the partition portion of the conductive reflective layer 7 is 0.6 mm and the length of the extension portion is 5 mm. The material of the frame adhesive layer 8 is epoxy resin, the thickness is 100 μm and the width is 1.5 mm.

[0216] Functional layer 9 is an electrochromic electrolyte, using the target products from Examples 1-10 as electrochromic materials at a concentration of 50 mM. Besides the electrochromic materials, the electrochromic electrolyte also includes a solvent, a UV stabilizer, a thickener, and an electrolyte. The solvent is propylene carbonate; the UV stabilizer is 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole at a content of 2% wt; the thickener is polymethyl methacrylate with a molecular weight of 300,000 WM at a content of 5% wt; and the electrolyte is 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate at a concentration of 0.1 M.

[0217] Comparative Example 1 is provided, in which the cathode material is ethyl viologen ditetrafluoroborate and the anode material is 5,10-dimethyl-5,10-dihydrophenazine, replacing the target products in Examples 1-10, and the rearview mirror is also made using the same structure and parameters.

[0218] The electrochromic performance of rearview mirrors prepared using the compounds in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Example 1 was tested. The testing process included: measuring the tinting response time and fading response time of each rearview mirror 100 at 1.2V, and the difference in light transmittance (i.e., contrast ratio ΔT) before and after color change in the visible light range. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0219] Table 1. Test results of electrochromic performance of rearview mirrors prepared in different embodiments and comparative examples.

[0220]

[0221]

[0222] The rearview mirrors prepared using the compounds in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Example 1 were subjected to aging resistance tests. The test procedure included: 30,000 cycles (30 seconds on, 30 seconds off) at a test voltage of 1.2V, and the change in contrast before and after the test was recorded. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0223] Table 2. Aging resistance test results of rearview mirrors prepared in different embodiments and comparative examples.

[0224] Pre-test contrast Post-test contrast Contrast difference Example 1 57.7 52.1 5.6 Example 2 57.4 52.1 5.3 Example 3 57.4 52.2 5.2 Example 4 58.0 53.9 4.1 Example 5 57.3 54.3 3.0 Example 6 57.6 54.7 2.9 Example 7 58.1 54.9 3.2 Example 8 57.8 54.4 3.4 Example 9 57.8 55.3 2.5 Example 10 57.5 54.7 2.8 Comparative Example 1 53.5 48.6 4.9

[0225] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the rearview mirrors made by using the target products in Examples 1-10 of this application as electrochromic materials have reduced response time, enhanced electrochromic performance, lower reflectivity after color change, and enhanced stability (better aging resistance) compared to Comparative Example 1 which uses conventional cathode and anode materials.

[0226] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0227] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0228] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0229] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. An electrochromic material, characterized in that, It has a structure as shown in any one of equations (I)-(IV): Among them, A 11 -A 15 Independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted 4,4'-bipyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthryl, and substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene, A 21 -A 26 Independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted phenothiazine, substituted or unsubstituted 5,10-dihydrophenazine, substituted or unsubstituted diphenylamine, substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, and substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, A 31 -A 39 It is a linking group.

2. The electrochromic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, A 11 -A 15 It is independently selected from any one of substituted or unsubstituted diazaphenanthrene group or substituted or unsubstituted diazapyrene group.

3. The electrochromic material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linking group includes at least one of substituted or unsubstituted phenyl groups, substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, substituted or unsubstituted double bonds, and substituted or unsubstituted triple bonds.

4. The electrochromic material according to claim 3, characterized in that, The linking group includes at least one of the following: a group having 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted consecutive double bonds, and 1-11 consecutive triple bonds.

5. The electrochromic material according to claim 4, characterized in that, The linking group includes one or two of the following: a group having 1-6 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings, 1-20 substituted or unsubstituted methylene groups, and 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted consecutive double bonds.

6. The electrochromic material according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The general structural formula of the electrochromic material is shown in any one of formulas M1-M36: Where T1 and T2 are independently selected from any one of the terms of equations M37 to M42, and the value of n ranges from 1 to 6; R1-R 900 It is independently selected from any one of the following groups: hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, carboxyl, aldehyde, amino, mercapto, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, mono- or polyaminealkyl, mono- or polysubstituted haloalkyl, mono- or polyalkoxy, phosphonyl, siloxyalkyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl isocyanate, carboxylate, phosphonate, isocyanate, and heterocyclic groups; Y1-Y4 are independently selected from any one of the following groups: hydrogen, hydroxyl, cyano, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitro, carboxyl, aldehyde, amino, mercapto, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, mono- or polyhydroxyalkyl, mono- or polyaminealkyl, mono- or polysubstituted haloalkyl, mono- or polyalkoxy, phosphonyl, siloxyalkyl, alkyl carboxylate, alkyl phosphonate, alkyl isocyanate, carboxylate, phosphonate, isocyanate, and heterocyclic groups; X1-X 108 It is independently selected from any one of 3-30 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 1-11 substituted or unsubstituted continuous double bonds, 1-11 continuous triple bonds, and 1-8 substituted or unsubstituted benzene rings; Y5 includes any one of 0-20 substituted or unsubstituted continuous methylene groups, 0-11 substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-vinyl groups, and 0-11 substituted or unsubstituted 1,2-ethynyl groups. Y6 includes any one of the following: alkyl with a chain length of 1-12 carbons, aryl with 6-12 carbons, aralkyl with 7-12 carbons, alicyclic with 4-15 carbons, and heterocyclic with 4-15 carbons, whether substituted or unsubstituted. X - It includes any one of halides, borate, tetrafluoroborate, tetraarylborate, hexafluorometal or metalloid, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfonamide, carboxylate, perchlorate and tetrachloroferroate.

7. The electrochromic material according to claim 6, characterized in that, R1-R 900 It is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, cyano, chlorine, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, enalkyl, mono- or polyamine alkyl, and mono- or polyalkoxy; And / or, Y1-Y4 are independently selected from any one of hydrogen, alkyl, mono- or polyamine alkyl, and mono- or polyalkoxy.

8. An electrochromic electrolyte, characterized in that, Including the electrochromic material as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The electrochromic electrolyte according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes solvents and electrolytes.

10. The electrochromic electrolyte according to claim 9, characterized in that, The solvent includes at least one of 3-methylcyclobutane sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethoxyethanol, acetonitrile, glutaronitrile, 3-hydroxypropionitrile, 2-methylglutaronitrile, 2-acetylbutyrolactone, cyclopentanone, β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, γ-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

11. The electrochromic electrolyte according to claim 9, characterized in that, The electrolyte includes at least one of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium perchlorate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and tetrabutyltetrafluoroborate. And / or, the concentration of the electrolyte is 0.05M-1.5M.

12. The electrochromic electrolyte according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes stabilizers and thickeners.

13. The electrochromic electrolyte according to claim 12, characterized in that, The stabilizer comprises at least one of 2-ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, (2-ethylhexyl)-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 2-(2′-hydroxy-4′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 3-[3-(2H-benzotriazole-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and 2-ethyl-2'-ethoxypropionylaniline; And / or, the concentration of the stabilizer is 1wt%-8wt%.

14. The electrochromic electrolyte according to claim 12, characterized in that, The thickener includes at least one of polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polysilane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylidene halogen. And / or, copolymers of at least two of polyamide, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, polyether, polymethacrylate, polyacrylate, polysilane, polysiloxane, polyvinyl acetate, polymethacrylonitrile, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylphenol, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylidene halide.

15. A rearview mirror, characterized in that, Includes the electrochromic electrolyte as described in any one of claims 8-14.

16. A rearview mirror, characterized in that, It includes a first substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer, a conductive reflective layer, and a second substrate, which are stacked together; The functional layer includes an electrochromic electrolyte.

17. The rearview mirror according to claim 16, characterized in that, A shielding layer is provided circumferentially on the edge of the first substrate near the transparent conductive layer. A first conductive adhesive layer is provided on the circumferential edge of the transparent conductive layer near the functional layer, and a second conductive adhesive layer is provided on the circumferential edge of the conductive reflective layer near the functional layer, with the first conductive adhesive layer and the second conductive adhesive layer disposed along the edge of the functional layer.

18. The rearview mirror according to claim 17, characterized in that, The functional layer has a border adhesive layer along its edge; the border adhesive layer is disposed between the functional layer and the first conductive adhesive layer and the second conductive adhesive layer.

19. The rearview mirror according to claim 17, characterized in that, An insulating layer is provided between the first conductive adhesive layer and the second conductive adhesive layer.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that, This includes the rearview mirror as described in claim 15 or the rearview mirror as described in any one of claims 16-19.

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