Technological method for degrading cocoa shells into glycans to be grafted to macromolecules and yarns of macromolecules
By degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and covalently bonding them with polymers to produce biodegradable textile yarns, the problems of difficult cocoa shell disposal and marine pollution have been solved, achieving efficient reuse of agricultural waste and environmental protection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the agricultural waste from cocoa shells after chocolate production is difficult to dispose of, leading to land and air pollution, and the plastic fibers are difficult to decompose, becoming a source of marine pollution.
Cocoa shells are degraded into polysaccharides using anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria. These polysaccharides are then covalently bonded to polymers via grafting technology to produce biodegradable textile yarns. The process includes preparing cocoa shell powder, degrading aqueous solutions, polymerization, and blending to form polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide blended polymers.
This technology enables the efficient reuse of cocoa shells, increases the reuse rate, and degrades them in seawater, thus avoiding marine pollution.
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Figure CN121736294A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to a process for degrading cocoa shell into polysaccharide grafted onto a polymer and its yarn, in particular to the cocoa shell derived from agricultural waste, which is degraded to form monosaccharide or polysaccharide, and then polymerized into polysaccharide, and then covalently bonded with a polymer by grafting technology to form a textile yarn, so as to greatly improve the reutilization rate of cocoa shell agricultural waste. BACKGROUND
[0002] Cocoa is a tropical evergreen small tree, mainly cultivated in the tropical regions of the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. After processing, the pulp and seeds (cocoa beans) are taken, and the remaining shell accounts for 80% of the whole fruit, which means that a large amount of waste needs to be disposed of. Disposing of this waste not only causes problems for agricultural enterprises, but also increases the cost burden of agricultural enterprises.
[0003] The current methods of burying or burning agricultural waste such as fruit shells will cause land and air pollution, and increase the cost burden of agricultural enterprises for disposal. Therefore, the best option for solving the problem of cocoa shell waste disposal is to develop a technology for value-added application and related product development using cocoa shell.
[0004] If cocoa shell is evaluated from the perspective of textile technology, artificial polyester fiber is made of plastic material, which is difficult to decompose and becomes more serious plastic waste. However, these plastic waste flows with rainwater and river water from land to sea, and no matter in the form of plastic blocks or plastic particles, it pollutes the marine ecology and environment.
[0005] Therefore, the present application aims to solve the main problem of developing a kind of plastic with marine biodegradability, which can biodegrade the lignocellulose of the waste cocoa shell after taking the cocoa pulp and seeds, and then polymerize into polysaccharide, and then covalently bond with a polymer to form a textile yarn, so as to greatly improve the reutilization rate of cocoa shell agricultural waste. When soaked in seawater, it can indeed achieve the degradation effect, and thus avoid polluting the marine ecological environment. SUMMARY
[0006] The present application aims to provide a process for degrading cocoa shell into polysaccharide grafted onto a polymer, which includes:
[0007] S1, preparing an anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria.
[0008] S2, preparing a cocoa shell powder of cocoa shell.
[0009] S3, making a cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution: taking cocoa shell powder and adding a decomposition bacteria culture solution with anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacteria, setting the pH value of the decomposition bacteria culture solution between 4 and 8 during the process, and after a preset time, the cocoa shell powder is degraded by the anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacteria to obtain a cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution.
[0010] S4, polymerizing the cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution into polysaccharide and simultaneously performing grafting treatment: centrifuging the cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution to obtain a degraded saccharide liquid, setting the sugar content of the saccharide liquid between 70% and 80%, adding sorbitol and citric acid to perform high-temperature melting to polymerize to obtain a polysaccharide powder; placing the polysaccharide powder and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) into a reaction container containing ethanol, adding an initiator (such as dibenzoyl peroxide) to perform a preset reaction process, and after the reaction process is completed, performing a drying process to obtain a polysaccharide grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) powder; and finally performing a blending process on the polysaccharide grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and a high polymer to complete the covalent bonding of the polysaccharide grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and the high polymer.
[0011] Thus, the cocoa shell degradation into polysaccharide grafted high polymer process method reuses the cocoa shell agricultural waste derived from the chocolate manufacturing process, mainly using anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacteria to degrade the cocoa shell into monosaccharide or polysaccharide, adding sorbitol and citric acid to perform high-temperature melting to polymerize into polysaccharide, and finally adding N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and through grafting technology, enabling it to covalently bond with the high polymer, thus completing the cocoa shell degradation into polysaccharide grafted high polymer process of the present application; in this way, a plastic master batch with polysaccharide grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) blended high polymer (such as polypropylene PP) can be further manufactured; achieving a significant increase in the reuse rate of cocoa shell agricultural waste; at the same time, the high polymer or plastic master batch manufactured by the present application is soaked in seawater, which indeed achieves a degradable effect, avoiding pollution of the marine ecology and environment.
[0012] Further, in step S4, the high-temperature melting is set at a temperature between 110 degrees and 130 degrees, and the atmospheric pressure is between 0.01 and 0.1 MPa, under which conditions the polysaccharide powder is obtained by polymerization.
[0013] Further, in step S4, the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, and the concentration of the initiator in the ethanol is 1×10 -3 ~ 8×10 -3 mol / L.
[0014] Further, in step S4, the high polymer is one of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PA6 (polyamide (NYLON)), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), PC (polycarbonate), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PS (polystyrene), PES (polyethersulfone), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PAN (polyacrylonitrile), and PA6 (nylon 6).
[0015] Further, in step S4, the blending process is to mix and graft the chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and the high polymer by a default plastic master batch process equipment, to process the chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and the high polymer into a high polymer melt type, and to mix and graft the chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and the high polymer in the melt type.
[0016] Another object of the present application is to provide a process method for degrading cocoa shell into chitosan grafted high polymer yarn, which comprises steps S1-S4 of the process method for degrading cocoa shell into chitosan grafted high polymer, and then performing step S5 of the yarn drawing process: using a preset plastic master batch process equipment to make a plastic master batch with chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) blended high polymer, and then performing yarn drawing operation to make a textile yarn with chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) blended high polymer.
[0017] The plastic master batch with chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) blended high polymer (such as polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET), and nylon 6 (PA6)) is subjected to yarn drawing operation to make a textile yarn with chitosan grafted N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) blended high polymer, which can then be woven into cloth, achieving a significant increase in the utilization rate of cocoa shell agricultural waste, and the textile yarn or cloth made by the present application is soaked in seawater, achieving a degradable effect and avoiding pollution of marine ecology and environment.
[0018] Further, in step S4, the high temperature melting condition is set to a temperature of 110-130 degrees and an atmospheric pressure of 0.01-0.1 MPa, and the chitosan powder is obtained by polymerization under this condition.
[0019] Furthermore, in step S4, the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, and the concentration of the initiator in the ethanol is 1×10⁻⁶. -3 ~8×10 -3 mol / L.
[0020] Furthermore, in step S4, the polymer is one of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PA6 (polyamide (NYLON)), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), PC (polycarbonate), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PS (polystyrene), PES (polyethersulfone), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PAN (polyacrylonitrile), and PA6 (nylon 6).
[0021] Furthermore, in step S4, the blending process involves mixing and grafting the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder with the polymer using a default plastic masterbatch process equipment. The plastic masterbatch process equipment processes the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and the polymer into a polymer melt state, and in the melt state, the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder is mixed and grafted with the polymer. Attached Figure Description
[0022] Figure 1 This invention relates to the polysaccharide molecular formula of cocoa shells degraded into polysaccharides.
[0023] Figure 2 This is the molecular structure of N-isopropylacrylamide, the grafting agent in Example 1 of this invention.
[0024] Figure 3 It is the molecular structure of dibenzoyl peroxide, the organic compound in Example 1 of this invention.
[0025] Figure 4 This is the molecular structure of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and polysaccharide in Example 1 of this invention.
[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the molecular structure of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) grafted with polysaccharide in Example 1 of the present invention.
[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the grafting structure of polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and polypropylene (PP) powder covalently bonded in Example 1 of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 7The flowchart of the process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers in Example 1 of this invention.
[0029] Figure 8 The flowchart of the process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0030] To facilitate a quick and easy understanding of the other features, advantages, and effects of the present invention, the features and advantages of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments further illustrate the viewpoints of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] Please refer to the following at the same time. Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this invention discloses a process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers and their yarns. Firstly, as described... Figure 7 As shown, the process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers includes the following steps:
[0033] Step S1: Prepare an anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacterium; select an anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacterium and culture the strain anaerobicly. For example, during the anaerobic culture, sodium sulfide (Na2S) is added as a reducing agent to maintain the anaerobic environment in the culture medium; in addition, the culture medium prepared under normal conditions can be heated to boiling for 5-15 minutes, and nitrogen (N2) gas is simultaneously aerated using a gas station to remove dissolved oxygen from the culture medium. Then, a mixture of nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is passed through the culture medium. After several aerations with nitrogen suction, the anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacterium is added to the culture medium to maintain the optimal anaerobic state for anaerobic culture. During the anaerobic culture, glucose is used as the carbon source, the temperature is set at approximately 40-70 degrees Celsius, and the pH value is between 5 and 8.
[0034] Step S2: Prepare cocoa shell powder; first, reduce the moisture content of the cocoa shell to below 15%, then dry the cocoa shell at a temperature of 120 degrees Celsius for 10-24 hours to reduce the moisture content to below 0.5%; then, pulverize the cocoa shell in multiple stages to a mesh size of 8000 or finer to obtain the cocoa shell powder with a particle size of about 1 micrometer or finer.
[0035] Step S3: Prepare a cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution; take cocoa shell powder and add it to a culture medium of anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria. During the process, set the pH value of the culture medium to be between 4 and 8. After a preset time (e.g., 5 to 8 days), the degradation of cocoa shell powder by anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria is completed, and a cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution is obtained.
[0036] In step S3, the weight ratio of cocoa shell powder to decomposing bacteria culture medium is between 1:5 and 1:10.
[0037] Step S4: Polymerize the cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution into a polysaccharide while simultaneously performing grafting treatment; centrifuge the cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution to obtain a degraded sugar liquid, and control the sugar content of the sugar liquid to be between 70% and 80%, then add 5% to 20% sorbitol and 0.5% to 10% citric acid for high-temperature melting to polymerize into a polysaccharide powder. The polysaccharide powder has the following polysaccharide molecular formula: Figure 1 As shown; polysaccharide powder and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) are placed in a reaction vessel containing ethanol, using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) as a grafting agent. The schematic molecular structure of the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) bonded to the polysaccharide is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, the molecular formula of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, an initiator is added to carry out a predetermined reaction process. After the reaction process is completed, a drying process is performed to obtain a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder. The structural formula of the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) reaction is as follows. Figure 5 As shown; finally, the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder is blended with a polymer to allow the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder to covalently bond with the polymer, thus completing a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) blended polymer, as shown. Figure 6 The diagram shows a grafting structure in which polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder is covalently bonded to a polymer powder (such as polypropylene (PP)).
[0038] In step S4, the cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution is centrifuged at high speed of 8000-10000 RPM in a centrifugation program to obtain a degraded sugar liquid.
[0039] In step S4, the high-temperature melting conditions are set at a temperature between 110 and 130 degrees Celsius and an atmospheric pressure between 0.01 and 0.1 MPa. Under these conditions, polysaccharide powder is obtained by polymerization.
[0040] In step S4, the concentration of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) as the grafting agent in ethanol is 0.1–0.8 mol / L.
[0041] In step S4, the initiator is dibenzoyl peroxide, also known as benzoyl peroxide, commonly called initiator (BPO), which is an organic compound with the following molecular structure: Figure 3 As shown; the initiator concentration in ethanol is 1×10⁻⁶. -3 ~8×10 -3 mol / L.
[0042] In step S4, nitrogen gas is continuously introduced during the reaction process, the reaction time is set to 1 to 8 hours, and the reaction temperature is controlled between 70 and 90 degrees Celsius.
[0043] In step S4, the polymer can be a plastic, such as PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PA6 (polyamide (NYLON)), PP (polypropylene), PE (polyethylene), ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer), PC (polycarbonate), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride), PS (polystyrene), PES (polyethersulfone), PVC (polyvinyl chloride), PAN (polyacrylonitrile), PA6 (nylon 6), and other plastic polymers.
[0044] In step S4, the blending process involves mixing and grafting polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder with a polymer using a default plastic masterbatch process equipment. This achieves the process of degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides grafted onto polymers, ultimately producing a plastic masterbatch with a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) blended polymer.
[0045] The plastic masterbatch processing equipment has a twin-screw exhaust mechanism, and the interior of the twin-screw exhaust mechanism can be in a vacuum state. For example, polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and polypropylene (PP) powder are first added to the twin-screw exhaust mechanism and stirred at a high speed of 1000-2000 RPM, with the weight ratio of polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder to polypropylene (PP) powder between 1:5 and 1:10. Then, the plastic masterbatch processing equipment processes the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and polypropylene (PP) powder separately into a polymer melt state. In the melt state, the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) powder and polypropylene (PP) powder (i.e., polymer) are mixed and grafted together, as shown in the schematic diagram of the grafting structure. Figure 6As shown, a plastic masterbatch with polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) blend polymer can be finally prepared, wherein the amount of grafting agent (i.e., N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm)) added relative to the weight percentage concentration of the polymer is between 0.1% and 1%.
[0046] Therefore, the main technical feature of the above-mentioned process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers is that: the cocoa shells, agricultural waste generated during chocolate manufacturing, are reused. This is mainly achieved by using anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria to degrade the cocoa shells into monosaccharides or polysaccharides, then adding sorbitol and citric acid for high-temperature melting to polymerize the polysaccharides. Finally, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) is added and grafted onto the polymer to covalently bind with it, thus completing the process of degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers. This allows for the further production of a plastic masterbatch containing a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) blended polymer (such as polypropylene PP). This significantly increases the reuse rate of cocoa shell agricultural waste. Furthermore, the polymers or masterbatches produced by this invention, when immersed in seawater, effectively achieve biodegradability, avoiding pollution of the marine ecosystem and environment.
[0047] This invention also discloses a process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns; please refer to the accompanying documentation. Figure 8 As shown, the process includes steps S1 to S4 of the above-mentioned process of degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides grafted onto polymers, followed by step S5, the yarn drawing process: a pre-set plastic masterbatch process equipment is used to make a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) blended polymer into a plastic masterbatch, and then the plastic masterbatch is drawn to make a textile yarn of polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) blended polymer. The textile yarn can then be woven into fabric, thereby significantly increasing the recycling rate of cocoa shell agricultural waste. At the same time, the textile yarn or fabric made by this invention, when soaked in seawater, effectively achieves a biodegradable effect, avoiding pollution of the marine ecology and environment.
[0048] Please also refer to Table 1, which shows the results of testing the fabric made from textile yarns grafted with polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) into biodegradable fabrics in marine seawater. The results show that the fabric weight loss was nearly 2% or more, which confirms that it has achieved biodegradability.
[0049] Table 1
[0050]
[0051] Note: The natural seawater comes from the northern coast of Taiwan, China.
[0052] Sample description provided by the customer: T20230205.
[0053] Please also refer to Table 2, which shows the results of testing the fabric made from textile yarns of nylon PA6 with polysaccharide grafted N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and its degradation by marine seawater. The fabric showed a weight loss of nearly 2%, indicating that it has indeed achieved a biodegradable effect.
[0054] Table 2
[0055]
[0056] Note: The natural seawater comes from the northern coast of Taiwan, China.
[0057] Sample description provided by the customer: N70D / 48F stockings.
Claims
1. A process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers, characterized in that, Its process methods include: S1. Preparation of an anaerobic thermophilic lignin-decomposing bacterium; S2. Prepare cocoa shell powder; S3. Prepare a cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution: Take the cocoa shell powder and add it to a culture medium of anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria. During the process, set the pH value of the culture medium of the degrading bacteria to be between 4 and 8. After a preset time, the degradation of the cocoa shell powder by the anaerobic thermophilic lignin-degrading bacteria is completed, so as to obtain the cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution. S4. Polymerizing cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution into polysaccharide and simultaneously performing grafting treatment: The cocoa shell degradation aqueous solution is centrifuged to obtain a degraded sugar liquid, and the sugar content of the sugar liquid is set to be between 70% and 80%. Sorbitol and citric acid are then added and melted at high temperature to polymerize into a polysaccharide powder. The polysaccharide powder and N-isopropylacrylamide are placed in a reaction vessel containing ethanol, and an initiator is added to carry out a predetermined reaction process. After the reaction process is completed, a drying process is carried out to obtain a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder. Finally, the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder is blended with a polymer to enable the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder to covalently bond with the polymer, completing a polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide blended polymer.
2. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the high-temperature melting conditions are set at a temperature between 110 and 130 degrees Celsius and an atmospheric pressure between 0.01 and 0.1 MPa. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide powder is obtained by polymerization.
3. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers as described in claim 1, characterized in that... In step S4, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the concentration of the initiator in the ethanol is 1×10⁻⁶. -3 ~8×10 -3 mol / L.
4. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the polymer is one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, and nylon 6.
5. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the blending process involves mixing and grafting the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder with the polymer using a default plastic masterbatch process equipment. The plastic masterbatch process equipment processes the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder and the polymer into a polymer melt state, and in the melt state, the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder is mixed and grafted with the polymer.
6. A process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process includes steps S1 to S4 of the process of degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymers, followed by step S5, the yarn drawing process: the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide blend polymer is made into a plastic masterbatch with the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide blend polymer by a pre-set plastic masterbatch process equipment, and then the plastic masterbatch is drawn to produce a textile yarn with the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide blend polymer.
7. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In step S4, the high-temperature melting conditions are set at a temperature between 110 and 130 degrees Celsius and an atmospheric pressure between 0.01 and 0.1 MPa. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide powder is obtained by polymerization.
8. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In step S4, the initiator is benzoyl peroxide, and the concentration of the initiator in the ethanol is 1×10⁻⁶. -3 ~8×10 -3 mol / L.
9. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In step S4, the polymer is one of polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylonitrile, and nylon 6.
10. The process for degrading cocoa shells into polysaccharides and grafting them onto polymer yarns as described in claim 6, characterized in that... In step S4, the blending process involves mixing and grafting the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder with the polymer using a default plastic masterbatch process equipment. The plastic masterbatch process equipment processes the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder and the polymer into a polymer melt state, and in the melt state, the polysaccharide-grafted N-isopropylacrylamide powder is mixed and grafted with the polymer.