Mechanical plum-blossom-shaped sublevel filling mining method

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanized plum-blossom-shaped sublevel filling mining method, and belongs to the technical field of mine engineering.By designing stope units with plum-blossom-shaped horizontal projections, room stopes and pillar stopes are divided in the same sublevel according to the principle of mining one by one, the pillar stopes are located between the two room stopes, the pillar stopes serve as recoverable units, and the recoverable units can be recycled; according to the technical scheme, the high-strength filling bodies are formed by stoping the room stopes and filling the room stopes, and the pillar stopes located between the two filling bodies are stoped after the strength of the filling bodies reaches the standard, so that permanent pillars are converted into the pillar stopes capable of being stoped, permanent waste of pillar resources is avoided, and the recovery rate of resources in the panel is increased. The stopes of the upper and lower adjacent sections are designed to be staggered in a regular triangle shape, so that the load of the overlying strata is uniformly transmitted to the surrounding stable ore rocks through the filling body of the lower section, and local stress concentration is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of mining engineering technology, and in particular relates to a mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented filling mining method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing depletion of shallow, easily mined mineral resources globally, underground mining is gradually shifting towards deep, complex, and difficult-to-mine bodies. Against this backdrop, backfilling mining has become the preferred method for mining underground metal mines, especially high-value and rare minerals, due to its ability to effectively control ground pressure, protect the surface environment, and maximize mineral resource recovery. Among these methods, upward sublevel backfilling mining has been widely adopted due to its advantages such as operational safety, high recovery efficiency, and strong adaptability.

[0003] However, after long-term engineering practice, the inherent technical contradictions and limitations of the traditional segmented backfill mining method have become increasingly prominent when dealing with thick, unstable ore bodies. First, there is a contradiction between resource recovery rate and mining safety. To ensure stope stability, traditional methods often require the establishment of regular point pillars or continuous panel pillars. These pillar resources are either difficult to recover due to stress concentration or, if planned as permanent support, result in the permanent loss of a large amount of mineral resources, making it generally difficult to exceed 80% in overall panel recovery rate. Second, there is a contradiction between production efficiency and stope structure. While the traditional rectangular stope layout is convenient for design, large-span stopes have a large exposed roof area, requiring higher support and backfill strength, which not only increases costs but also introduces potential safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the background art, this application provides a mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method, including: S1. Based on the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, the mining area structure is optimized using numerical simulation software, the mining area layout is designed, and it is determined that the mining areas of adjacent upper and lower sections are arranged in a triangular staggered layout on the vertical cross section; wherein, the cross section of the mining area is hexagonal.

[0005] S2. Arrange the preparation work; S3. Divide the stope into pillar stopes and stopes, and recover the stopes; wherein, the stopes are arranged at intervals, and the pillar stopes are located between two stopes on the same horizontal plane; S4. After ore extraction, the goaf areas of the blasted stope are cemented and filled to form a filling body; S5. After the strength of the filling material in the goaf of the stope reaches the standard, the pillar stope will be returned and filled. S6. After completing the mining and backfilling of all the mining areas in a segment, the mining equipment moves to the next segment via the panel ramp and repeats the mining and backfilling process. S7. Proceed from bottom to top in segments until the entire area is recovered.

[0006] In some implementations, in step S1, any three adjacent stopes are grouped together, and each stope in the group is in contact with the others. The line connecting the geometric centers of the three stopes' cross-sections forms an equilateral triangle.

[0007] In some implementations, prior to step S3, the following steps are also included: S21. Analyze the ore body in the mining area and dynamically adjust the shape and size of the mining area according to the stress form of the mining area.

[0008] In some implementations, step S21 includes: S211. Detect and mark the fracture zone area in the stope, and shrink the corresponding edge of the stope inward to avoid the fracture zone area according to the distribution of the fracture zone.

[0009] In some embodiments, after step S211, step S21 further includes: S212. Reserve primary ore rock as an isolation layer between the fracture zone and the mining boundary.

[0010] In some implementations, step S21 includes: S213. Detect and mark the boundary of the ore body within the mining area, and change the size and shape of the mining area according to the boundary of the ore body.

[0011] In some implementations, step S213 includes: S214. When a part of the original design mining area exceeds the actual ore body, the straight line shape and effective length of the support edge that contacts the mining area with the adjacent filled area shall be retained. The cross-sectional edge of the corresponding ore body shrinkage boundary of the mining area shall be cut into the mining area to form an adjusted mining area cross-sectional design, and the mining area shall be arranged according to the adjusted mining area cross-sectional design.

[0012] In some implementations, step S213 includes: S214. When the area of ​​the original design mining area that exceeds the actual ore body is more than half of the original design mining area, when designing the previous adjacent mining area, the local boundary of the corresponding cross-section edge of the previous adjacent original design mining area is extended in the direction of the ore body protrusion, so that the cross-sectional profile of the adjusted mining area fits the boundary of the protruding part of the ore body.

[0013] In some embodiments, in step S4, a first-strength binder is used to fill the goaf in the stope. In step S5, the goaf of the pillar stope is filled using a third-strength binder. The strength of the filler formed by the first strength binder is higher than the strength of the filler formed by the third strength binder.

[0014] In some implementations, in step S4, the goaf of the stope in the edge area is filled with a first-strength binder. For the goaf areas of the central mining area, second-strength cementitious material is used for filling; For the goaf of the pillar stope in the marginal area, the third-strength cementitious material is used for filling; For the goaf in the pillar stope of the central area, the fourth strength cementitious material is used for filling; The strength of the filler formed by the binder decreases progressively from the first strength binder to the fourth strength binder.

[0015] This application designs stope units with a plum blossom-shaped horizontal projection. Within the same segment, stopes and pillars are divided according to the principle of mining one stope at a time, so that the pillars are located between the two stopes. The pillars are treated as recyclable units. First, the stopes are mined and backfilled to form a high-strength backfill body. After the backfill body reaches the required strength, the pillars located between the two backfill bodies are mined. This transforms permanent pillars into recyclable pillars, avoids the permanent abandonment of pillar resources, and improves the resource recovery rate within the panel.

[0016] By designing the upper and lower adjacent mining sections to be staggered in an equilateral triangle, the vertical projection of the geometric center of the upper mining section falls exactly on the center of the equilateral triangle formed by the centers of the three adjacent mining sections in the lower section. This allows the load of the overlying strata to be evenly transferred to the surrounding stable ore through the filling body of the lower section, avoiding local stress concentration.

[0017] By designing the pillar stope to be mined only after the strength of the backfill in the waiting stope has reached the required level, the backfill in the waiting stope on both sides of the pillar stope forms a protective space for the pillar stope, thus surrounding the pillar stope with the backfill and solving the problem of stress concentration and instability during pillar mining. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stope layout and preparation engineering arrangement of a mechanized plum blossom segmented filling mining method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another direction of the triangular staggered layout of adjacent segmented mining areas in a mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented filling mining method provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upward-facing medium-deep hole layout and blasting recovery in a mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented filling mining method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mining and backfilling of the stope and pillar stopes in a mechanized plum blossom segmented backfilling mining method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented filling mining method provided in this application, which avoids the fracture zone and reserves an isolation layer in the stope; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the adjustment when the original design of the stope extends beyond the ore body in a mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented filling mining method provided in this application embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of adjacent mining areas when the original design mining area of ​​a mechanized plum blossom segmented filling mining method provided in this application exceeds the ore body area. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of differentiated cementitious material backfilling in different areas of a mechanized plum blossom segmented backfilling mining method provided in this application embodiment.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1. Sectional roadway; 2. Stope; 3. Pillar stope; 4. Backfill; 5. Inclined connecting roadway; 6. Upper section roadway; 7. Lower section roadway; 8. Upward medium-deep borehole; 9. High-strength backfill; 10. Low-strength backfill; 11. Fractured zone; 12. Isolation layer; 13. Primary ore; 14. Ore body boundary line; 15. Original designed stope outline; 16. Secondary high-strength backfill; 17. Fourth-strength backfill. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application and are therefore merely examples, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0023] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0027] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0029] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1A mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method, comprising: S1. Based on the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, the stope structure is optimized and the stope layout is designed using numerical simulation software. The stopes of adjacent upper and lower sections are determined to be arranged in a triangular staggered layout in the vertical section. Specifically, traditional rectangular stopes are prone to stress concentration and waste of pillar resources. The triangular staggered layout can allow the load of the overlying strata to be evenly transferred through the lower section filling body, avoiding stress concentration. The plum blossom-shaped layout reduces the amount of permanent pillars and improves the resource recovery rate.

[0030] For example, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 Based on geological exploration data, a complete three-dimensional geological model of the ore body is constructed to clarify the distribution and mechanical properties of the ore and rock. Numerical simulation software such as FLAC3D or 3DEC is used to simulate the stability of the stope under different structural parameters. The stope is divided into sections and the size of the stope according to mechanical properties. In this embodiment, a regular hexagonal section stope is selected. The stope unit with a horizontal projection of plum blossom is designed. Within the same section, the stope is divided into a stope 2 and a pillar stope 3 according to the principle of one stope every other stope, so that the pillar stope 3 is located between the two stopes 2. The upper and lower adjacent sections, namely the area where the upper section roadway 6 is located and the area where the lower section roadway 7 is located, form an equilateral triangle. The vertical projection of the geometric center of the upper section stope falls exactly on the center of the equilateral triangle formed by the centers of the three adjacent stops in the lower section, thereby forming a natural arch structure and ensuring the stability of the roof.

[0031] S2. Arrange the preparation work; For example, the panel ramps, ore chutes, and dedicated ventilation shafts are excavated first; Sectional roadway 1 is arranged in the stable surrounding rock of the footwall of the ore body, and the cross-sectional specifications are designed to be suitable for equipment passage. An inclined connecting roadway 5 is excavated from the bottom of the planned first mining stope 2, from section roadway 1.

[0032] S3. Divide the stope into pillar stopes and stopes, and recover the stopes; among them, the stopes are arranged at intervals, and the pillar stopes are set between the two stopes on the same horizontal plane. Specifically, within the same section, the mining area 2 is prioritized for mining and backfilling in an alternating manner to form a high-strength support structure. This provides initial support for the dominant stress direction, preventing rock instability during subsequent mining of the pillar stope 3, thereby dispersing the exposed area of ​​the stope and reducing the safety risk of a single mining operation.

[0033] For example, refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 Based on the stope structure, an upward-facing medium-deep hole 8 is drilled in the stope 2 to cover the stope height; the ore in the stope 2 is blasted out, and then transported out through the inclined connecting tunnel 5.

[0034] S4. After ore extraction, the goaf areas of the blasted stope are cemented and filled to form a filling body; Specifically, the filling material of stope 2 is used to bear the dynamic and static loads of the upper segment mining and to provide lateral support for the subsequent mining of pillar stope 3.

[0035] For example, after ore extraction is completed in stope 2, the remaining ore and debris in the goaf are cleaned up; cementing material is injected into the goaf to ensure that the backfill body 4 is in contact with the roof, forming a bond. Figure 3 , Figure 5 The two sides of the filling body 4. Thus, the filling body 4 can serve as an artificial false roof and artificial side wall to bear the overlying load, avoid the instability of the surrounding rock in the goaf, and create a safe working environment for the mining of the pillar stope 3.

[0036] S5. After the strength of the filling material in the goaf of the stope reaches the standard, the pillar stope will be returned and filled. For example, the strength of the filling body 4 is tested and, if it meets the standard, an upward medium-deep hole 8 is drilled in the pillar stope 3, the ore is blasted and excavated through the inclined connecting tunnel 5; after the ore is excavated, cementing material is injected into the goaf of the pillar stope 3 for filling, thereby recovering the ore resources of the pillar stope 3.

[0037] S6. After completing the mining and backfilling of all the mining areas in a segment, the mining equipment moves to the next segment via the panel ramp and repeats the mining and backfilling process. S7. Proceed from bottom to top in segments until the entire area is recovered.

[0038] This application designs a plum blossom-shaped stope unit by projecting the horizontal projection of S1. Within the same segment, stope 2 and pillar stope 3 are divided according to the principle of mining one every other stope. The pillar stope 3 is located between the two stopes 2. The pillar stope 3 is used as a recyclable unit. The stope 2 is first mined through S3 and then filled through S4 to form a high-strength backfill body 4. After the strength of the backfill body 4 reaches the standard, the pillar stope 3 located between the two backfill bodies 4 is mined. This transforms the permanent pillar into a recyclable pillar stope 3, avoiding the permanent abandonment of pillar resources and improving the resource recovery rate within the panel.

[0039] By designing the upper and lower adjacent mining sections in S1 to form an equilateral triangle, the vertical projection of the geometric center of the upper mining section falls exactly on the center of the equilateral triangle formed by the centers of the three adjacent mining sections in the lower section. This allows the load of the overlying strata to be evenly transferred to the surrounding stable ore through the lower filling body 4, avoiding local stress concentration.

[0040] By designing the pillar stope 3 to be mined after the strength of the backfill 4 of the waiting stope 2 in S5 reaches the standard, the backfill 4 of the waiting stope 2 on both sides of the pillar stope 3 forms a protective space for the pillar stope 3, thereby surrounding the pillar stope 3 with the backfill 4 and solving the problem of stress concentration and instability during pillar mining.

[0041] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In step S1, any three adjacent mining areas are grouped together, and each mining area in the group is in contact with each other. The line connecting the geometric centers of the three mining area cross sections forms an equilateral triangle.

[0042] Specifically, the existing upward segmented filling mining method adopts a rectangular layout with vertically aligned upper and lower segmented stopes, which easily creates continuous voids in the vertical direction. The load of the overlying strata directly acts on the ore or temporary support between segments, which can easily lead to stress superposition and collapse of the surrounding rock. Secondly, the load transmission path is singular, only transmitted through the pillars around the stope, which can easily cause stress concentration in the pillars and make them difficult to recover.

[0043] The staggered equilateral triangle layout can convert the vertical load of the overlying rock strata into axial force along the sides of the triangle, which is then uniformly transferred to the lower segment filling body 4 or stable ore rock, avoiding local stress concentration. It also forms a continuous structure with staggered interlocking in the vertical direction, thus replacing the vertically aligned voids in the existing technology and avoiding the risk of stress superposition between segments.

[0044] For example, based on the stope parameters optimized by numerical simulation in S1, a regular hexagon is selected as the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the stope. Each side of the regular hexagon can completely fit with the side of the adjacent regular hexagon, and the geometric center of the cross-section is easy to locate. The regular hexagonal cross-sections of the stope 2 and the pillar stope 3 are drawn according to the optimized dimensions using 3D modeling software. In the three-dimensional model, the center line of segmented roadway 1 is used as the baseline. First, the first stope 2 is set up on one side of the baseline. Then, on the adjacent side of stope 2, the second stope and the first pillar stope 3 are arranged. The positions of the three are adjusted so that the edges of their regular hexagonal cross sections are in complete contact.

[0045] Based on the first equilateral triangle stope group, the stope is expanded to both sides and the extension direction of the segment roadway 1. Each new stope must be in contact with the edge of the cross section of the surrounding stopes, and the line connecting the center of the cross section of the new stope and the two adjacent stopes also forms an equilateral triangle.

[0046] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 Before step S3, the following steps are also included: S21. Analyze the ore body in the mining area and dynamically adjust the shape and size of the mining area according to the stress form of the mining area.

[0047] Specifically, step S21 is a step of adaptively adjusting the preliminary design of the stope section in S1 based on the actual geological conditions of the ore body, such as the distribution of fracture zones and the morphology of the ore body boundaries. This includes changing the shape of the stope section, shrinking or extending the size of the stope boundary, and ensuring that the adjusted stope is suitable for the actual ore body range.

[0048] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 In step S21, the following is included: S211. Detect and mark the fracture zone area in the stope, and shrink the corresponding edge of the stope inward to avoid the fracture zone area according to the distribution of the fracture zone.

[0049] Specifically, this step, based on the preliminary design of the stope size for S1, uses geological surveys to locate the distribution range of the fractured zone 11 within the stope. Then, the cross-sectional edge of the stope corresponding to the fractured zone 11 is contracted inward, so that the stope boundary avoids the area of ​​the fractured zone 11. This prevents the fractured zone 11 within the stope from collapsing due to blasting vibrations during mining, ensuring the safety and stability of the stope. At the same time, the contracted stope only contacts the intact primary ore rock 13, with a clear force transmission path, avoiding the problem of uneven stress caused by the fractured zone 11. The stress distribution around the stope is uniform, providing a stable spatial foundation for the mining of S3 and the high-strength backfilling of S4. Furthermore, the contraction adjustment is based on preserving the contact relationship between adjacent stops, without destroying the plum blossom-shaped layout of S1 and the mechanical structure of the equilateral triangle formed by connecting the centers of any three adjacent stops, ensuring the effectiveness of the subsequent mining sequence and the support system of the backfill body 4.

[0050] For example, ground-penetrating radar, borehole core analysis, and downhole television detection are used to conduct full-coverage detection of the S1 preliminary design of the stope 2 and pillar stope 3 areas; based on the detection results, the boundary range, orientation and thickness of the fracture zone 11 are marked in the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, and the overlapping area between the fracture zone 11 and the preliminary boundary of the stope is identified. Based on the influence radius of the fracture zone 11 calculated by numerical simulation software, the shrinkage range of the corresponding side of the stope is determined. The shrinkage benchmark is the contact side between the stope and the adjacent stopes. The unaffected contact side does not shrink to ensure the integrity of the multi-stope structure and to ensure that the quincunx layout of the adjacent stopes is maintained after shrinkage, without destroying the overall structural stability. In the 3D modeling software, select the cross-sectional edge of the stope 2 or pillar stope 3 that overlaps with the fracture zone 11, and shrink it inward along the direction perpendicular to the fracture zone 11. After adjusting the design, the stope shape can be changed from a regular hexagon to an irregular polygon. However, it is necessary to ensure that the contact state between the other sides of the stope and the adjacent stopes remains unchanged, and the stope can still be connected to the segment roadway 1 through the inclined connecting roadway 5. If necessary, the opening position of the inclined connecting roadway 5 can be finely adjusted.

[0051] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 After step S211, step S21 further includes: S212. Reserve primary ore rock as an isolation layer between the fracture zone and the mining boundary.

[0052] Specifically, in the adjusted stope design of S211, S212 involves leaving a layer of intact primary ore 13 at the edge of the fractured zone 11, undisturbed by mining, which is defined as the isolation layer 12. The isolation layer 12 is a non-mining area, and its purpose is to block the direct disturbance of the fractured zone 11 by the stope mining operation, prevent further fracturing of the surrounding rock of the fractured zone 11, and at the same location, replace the fractured zone 11 in transmitting concentrated stress, thus preventing the destruction of the intact stress transmission structure.

[0053] For example, based on the stability parameters of the fracture zone 11 marked by S211, the minimum safe thickness of the isolation layer 12 is calculated using numerical simulation software. In the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, the spatial outline of the isolation layer 12 is delineated by extending the thickness of the isolation layer 12 from the inside of the fracture zone 11 outward, based on the adjusted mining boundary of S211.

[0054] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6 In step S21, the following is included: S213. Detect and mark the boundary of the ore body within the mining area, and change the size and shape of the mining area according to the boundary of the ore body.

[0055] Specifically, for the preliminary design of the S1 mining area, the actual shape of the ore body boundary line 14 within the mining area is determined through refined exploration, such as protrusions and depressions. The size and cross-sectional shape of the mining area are dynamically adjusted according to the boundary contour, so that the mining area can adapt to the edge of the ore body, reduce the workload of the mining preparation project and reduce the amount of waste rock in the edge mining area.

[0056] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 6 In step S213, the following is included: S214. When a part of the original design mining area exceeds the actual ore body, the straight line shape and effective length of the support edge that contacts the mining area with the adjacent filled area shall be retained. The cross-sectional edge of the corresponding ore body shrinkage boundary of the mining area shall be cut into the mining area to form an adjusted mining area cross-sectional design, and the mining area shall be arranged according to the adjusted mining area cross-sectional design.

[0057] Specifically, for the case where some areas of the original design stope outline 15 extend beyond the ore body boundary line 14, the method of retaining the support edge and cutting the original design stope section is adopted. This method can retain the support edge that contacts the adjacent filled area, ensuring the mutual support between the filling bodies of adjacent stops. Only the section edge of the stope that extends beyond the ore body is cut into the stope, ultimately forming an adjusted stope section that matches the ore body boundary line 14.

[0058] For example, in the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, the outline of the original design mining area 15 and the boundary line of the ore body 14 are superimposed. The area of ​​the original design mining area that exceeds the boundary line of the ore body 14 is determined by the software measurement tool, and the cross-sectional edge of the exceeding part is marked as the edge to be cut. Identify the contact edges between the stope and the adjacent filled area. If the stope is in contact with another filled stope on the east side and with a filled pillar stope on the south side, define the two contact edges on the east and south sides as support edges, clarify their straight line shape and effective contact length, and mark them as not to be adjusted. Using the ore body boundary line 14 as a reference, calculate the distance that the edge to be cut needs to be shrunk inward. For example, if the farthest distance between the edge to be cut on the northwest side of the original design mining area and the ore body boundary line 14 is 2.5m, then shrink it 2.5m inward along the direction perpendicular to the edge to be cut to ensure that the ore body boundary line 14 does not exceed the boundary of the new mining area after cutting. In the 3D modeling software, the edges to be cut on the original design mining area outline 15 are cut: the straight shape and effective length of the supporting edge are retained, and the two edges to be cut on the northwest side are cut 2.5m into the mining area to form a new mining area section, such as the original regular hexagon becoming a pentagon, and the west side is a vertical edge that exceeds the ore body boundary line 14. Check the connectivity between the adjusted stope and the inclined connecting roadway 5. If the cutting causes the openings of the stope and the inclined connecting roadway 5 to be misaligned, such as the original opening being directly opposite the center of the stope and the center shifting after the cutting, then fine-tune the position of the end opening of the inclined connecting roadway 5 to ensure that the opening is still directly opposite the center of the adjusted stope, so as to avoid affecting the blasting design and the ore extraction by the loader.

[0059] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 7 In step 213, the following is included: S214. When the area of ​​the original design mining area that exceeds the actual ore body is more than half of the original design mining area, when designing the previous adjacent mining area, the local boundary of the corresponding cross-section edge of the previous adjacent original design mining area is extended in the direction of the ore body protrusion, so that the cross-sectional profile of the adjusted mining area fits the boundary of the protruding part of the ore body.

[0060] Specifically, S214 addresses the situation where the area of ​​the designed stope outline 15 exceeding the actual ore body boundary 14 is more than half the area of ​​the original designed stope. Instead of directly adjusting the original designed stope, it extends the corresponding cross-sectional edge of the adjacent stope to make the cross-sectional outline of the adjusted stope fit the boundary of the protruding part of the ore body, without adding a new stope for adjustment. When the original designed stope greatly exceeds the ore body area, if it is adjusted by internal cutting, the effective working space of the stope will be too small to meet the needs of equipment passage and blasting operations. Therefore, it is directly extended in the adjacent stope, and oblique blast holes are made in the original designed stope area for mining to reduce the workload of the mining preparation project.

[0061] For example, borehole verification combined with three-dimensional laser scanning technology is used to conduct secondary exploration of the original design mining area and surrounding areas, and to measure the area of ​​the original design mining area outline 15 that exceeds the ore body boundary line 14. In the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, the boundary, orientation and size of the protruding part of the ore body are clearly marked. The protruding part of the ore body has an irregular shape of 6m long and 4m wide. It is adjacent to the western side boundary of the previous adjacent stope 2. The positional relationship between the original design stope outline 15 and the previous adjacent stope is superimposed to clarify the extension direction and range. Taking the original design pillar stope 3 as an example, the northern stope 2, which is in contact with it, is determined as the previous adjacent stope according to the principle of priority of mining sequence or spatial layout. Analyze the positional relationship between the protruding part of the ore body and the previous adjacent stope, define the orientation of the protruding part of the ore body in the previous adjacent stope, and define the cross-sectional edge in the previous adjacent stope that is immediately adjacent to it as the edge to be extended. Using the ore body boundary line 14 as a reference, extend the edge to be extended along the protruding direction of the ore body, with the extension length and width strictly matching the size of the protruding part of the ore body; In the 3D modeling software, the western side of the stope 2 is extended locally, and the extended part maintains a smooth transition with the original stope section. For example, the eastern side of the original hexagonal stope protrudes outward locally to form an irregular edge that fits the protruding ore body. At the same time, the original pillar stope 3 is abandoned to ensure that the extended stope 2 still maintains contact with other surrounding stops without gaps.

[0062] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In step S4, the goaf of the stope is filled using a first-strength binder. In step S5, the goaf of the pillar stope is filled using a third-strength binder. The strength of the filler formed by the first-strength binder is higher than that formed by the third-strength binder.

[0063] Specifically, after the S3 stope 2 and the S5 pillar stope 3, a differentiated cementitious material filling strategy is adopted to address the different support function requirements of the two types of stopes. In S4, the goaf of stope 2 is filled with first-strength cementitious material to form a high-strength filling body 9; in S5, the goaf of pillar stope 3 is filled with third-strength cementitious material to form a low-strength filling body 10, with the strength of the first-strength cementitious material being higher than that of the third-strength cementitious material. This design ensures that the filling body of stope 2 provides structural support while controlling costs by reducing the filling strength of pillar stope 3, requiring differentiated filling to create a suitable support structure.

[0064] For example, after ore extraction is completed in stope 2, the remaining ore fragments and rock powder in the goaf are cleaned up; A filling pipeline is laid from section roadway 1 to the goaf of stope 2, with the end of the pipeline extending to the top of the goaf. First-strength binder is pumped into the goaf, and during the grouting process, it is advanced layer by layer from bottom to top to avoid the formation of voids inside the goaf and ensure that the binder is fully compacted, ultimately forming a high-strength filling body 9 that conforms to the outline of the goaf. During the subsequent mining of pillar stope 3, the high-strength filling body 9 can serve as part of the artificial false roof and the lateral walls on both sides, thus providing a safe working area for the mining of pillar stope 3. During the mining of pillar stope 3, it is surrounded on both sides by high-strength backfill 9 of stope 2, and the roof is intact primary ore rock 13. Because of the hexagonal structure of the original stope, the high-strength backfill 9 forms a natural pressure-free arch. The backfill inside does not need to bear the high-strength load like stope 2. It only needs simple support to maintain stability. Therefore, low-cost third-strength cementitious material is selected for backfilling, thereby saving backfilling costs while meeting safety requirements.

[0065] In some implementations, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 8 In step S4, the goaf of the mining area in the edge zone is filled with a first-strength cementitious material. For the goaf areas of the central mining area, second-strength cementitious material is used for filling; For the goaf of the pillar stope in the marginal area, the third-strength cementitious material is used for filling; For the goaf in the pillar stope of the central area, the fourth strength cementitious material is used for filling; The strength of the filler formed by the binder decreases progressively from the first strength binder to the fourth strength binder.

[0066] Specifically, existing differentiated backfilling only distinguishes between stops and pillars, without considering the differences in ground pressure in different areas of the panel. Edge stops, located adjacent to the panel boundary or fractured rock zones, are more affected by lateral ground pressure and surrounding rock convergence, requiring higher-strength backfill to resist deformation. Central stops, surrounded by other stops, are in a relatively stable mechanical environment with lower load-bearing requirements. If uniform strength backfill is used, either insufficient strength in the edge areas will lead to instability, or excessive strength in the central areas will result in wasted costs.

[0067] This implementation method is a further optimization of the S4 and S5 backfilling processes. Based on the differences in stope location and stope type, a four-stage cementitious material backfilling strategy with progressively decreasing strength is adopted. In the peripheral stope 2, a high-strength backfill body 9 is formed using a first-strength cementitious material; in the central stope 2, a second-highest-strength backfill body 16 is formed using a second-highest-strength cementitious material; in the peripheral pillar stope 3, a low-strength backfill body 10 is formed using a third-strength cementitious material; and in the central pillar stope 3, a fourth-strength backfill body 17 is formed using a fourth-strength cementitious material. The strength of the four backfill bodies decreases progressively from the first to the fourth strength, thus adapting to different types of stopes in different areas and balancing safety and cost requirements during backfilling operations.

[0068] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application, and within the spirit and principles of this application, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0069] It should be noted that this application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments with the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of this application are included in the technical scope of this application. Furthermore, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art to the embodiments, and other ways of constructing by combining some of the constituent elements of the embodiments, without departing from the spirit of this application, are also included in the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method, characterized in that, include: S1. Based on the three-dimensional geological model of the ore body, the mining area structure is optimized using numerical simulation software, the mining area layout is designed, and it is determined that the mining areas of adjacent upper and lower sections are arranged in a triangular staggered layout on the vertical cross section; wherein, the cross section of the mining area is hexagonal. S2. Arrange the preparation work; S3. Divide the stope into pillar stopes and stopes, and recover the stopes; wherein, the stopes are arranged at intervals, and the pillar stopes are located between two stopes on the same horizontal plane; S4. After ore extraction, the goaf areas of the blasted stope are cemented and filled to form a filling body; S5. After the strength of the filling material in the goaf of the stope reaches the standard, the pillar stope will be returned and filled. S6. After completing the mining and backfilling of all the mining areas in a segment, the mining equipment moves to the next segment via the panel ramp and repeats the mining and backfilling process. S7. Proceed from bottom to top in segments until the entire area is recovered.

2. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, any three adjacent mining areas are grouped together, and each mining area in the group is in contact with each other. The geometric center line connecting the three mining area cross sections forms an equilateral triangle.

3. A mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, Before step S3, the following is also included: S21. Analyze the ore body in the mining area and dynamically adjust the shape and size of the mining area according to the stress form of the mining area.

4. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S21 includes: S211. Detect and mark the fracture zone area in the stope, and shrink the corresponding edge of the stope inward to avoid the fracture zone area according to the distribution of the fracture zone.

5. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, After step S211, step S21 further includes: S212. Reserve primary ore rock as an isolation layer between the fracture zone and the mining boundary.

6. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S21 includes: S213. Detect and mark the boundary of the ore body within the mining area, and change the size and shape of the mining area according to the boundary of the ore body.

7. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S213 includes: S214. When a part of the original design mining area exceeds the actual ore body, the straight line shape and effective length of the support edge that contacts the mining area with the adjacent filled area shall be retained. The cross-sectional edge of the corresponding ore body shrinkage boundary of the mining area shall be cut into the mining area to form an adjusted mining area cross-sectional design, and the mining area shall be arranged according to the adjusted mining area cross-sectional design.

8. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S213 includes: S214. When the area of ​​the original design mining area that exceeds the actual ore body is more than half of the original design mining area, when designing the previous adjacent mining area, the local boundary of the corresponding cross-section edge of the previous adjacent original design mining area is extended in the direction of the ore body protrusion, so that the cross-sectional profile of the adjusted mining area fits the boundary of the protruding part of the ore body.

9. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the goaf of the stope is filled using a first-strength binder; In step S5, the goaf of the pillar stope is filled using a third-strength binder. The strength of the filler formed by the first strength binder is higher than the strength of the filler formed by the third strength binder.

10. The mechanized plum blossom-shaped segmented backfilling mining method according to claim 9, characterized in that, In step S4, the goaf of the stope in the edge area is filled with a first-strength cementitious material; For the goaf areas of the central mining area, second-strength cementitious material is used for filling; For the goaf in the pillar stope of the marginal area, the third strength cementitious material is used for filling; For the goaf in the pillar stope of the central area, the fourth strength cementitious material is used for filling; The strength of the filler formed by the binder decreases progressively from the first strength binder to the fourth strength binder.

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