Underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel deformation monitoring, in particular to an underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device which comprises a moving seat, a first electric cylinder, a rotating seat, a second electric cylinder, a swing rod, a pressure tank assembly and a tunnel wall marking assembly. The rotating seat is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the first electric cylinder, the second electric cylinder is fixedly arranged on the rotating seat, the swing rod is fixedly installed on an output shaft of the second electric cylinder, the pressure tank assembly is hinged to the bottom end of the swing rod and located on one side of the output shaft of the second electric cylinder, and the tunnel wall marking assembly is fixedly arranged at the top end of the swing rod. And the valve is connected with the pressure tank assembly. According to the device, two groups of dye barrels filled with dyes in different colors are arranged, and the dyes in different colors can be respectively sprayed to concave and convex parts of the circumferential wall of the tunnel by utilizing air pressure through the synergistic effect of the pressure tank assembly and the tunnel wall marking assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel deformation monitoring technology, specifically to an underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel operation, various factors can cause tunnel deformation, resulting in changes in shape, structure, or location. To monitor tunnel deformation in a timely manner, monitoring equipment is necessary.

[0003] A common problem with current tunnel deformation monitoring devices is that they cannot mark the deformed areas after detection. This makes it difficult for workers to quickly and accurately locate the deformation during subsequent tunnel repair work, affecting the efficiency and progress of the repair efforts.

[0004] To address this, we propose a device for monitoring and early warning of deformation in underground tunnel structures. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides an underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device, comprising a movable base, an electric cylinder one, a rotating base, an electric cylinder two, a swing rod, a pressure tank assembly, and a tunnel wall marking assembly. The electric cylinder one is fixedly mounted on the movable base, the rotating base is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder one, the electric cylinder two is fixedly mounted on the rotating base, the swing rod is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder two, the pressure tank assembly is hinged to the bottom end of the swing rod and located on one side of the output shaft of the electric cylinder two, and the tunnel wall marking assembly is fixedly mounted on the top end of the swing rod and connected to the pressure tank assembly.

[0007] Furthermore, the pressure tank assembly includes a housing, a compressed air tank, and a dye cylinder. The top of the housing is hinged to the bottom of the swing rod. The compressed air tank is fixedly installed inside the housing. The dye cylinder is fixedly located on the top of the housing and distributed on both sides of the swing rod. The compressed air tank is provided with two sets of air outlet pipes, which are respectively connected to the top of the dye cylinder. The swing rod has a cavity inside. The bottom of the dye cylinder is connected to a discharge hose. The side wall of the swing rod has a circular hole for the discharge hose to extend into the cavity. The discharge hose passes through the top of the swing rod and connects to the tunnel wall marking assembly.

[0008] Working principle of the pressure tank assembly: The compressed air tank stores compressed gas in advance. The compressed gas is delivered to the inside of the dye cylinder through the outlet pipe. When the pressure inside the dye cylinder increases, the dye inside is forced into the discharge hose and then into the tunnel wall marking assembly. The dyes in the two sets of dye cylinders are different colors, which makes it easy to distinguish and mark the depressions and bulges in the tunnel later. A one-way valve (not shown) is installed on the outlet pipe to prevent dye from entering the compressed air tank.

[0009] In addition, by hinged to the bottom of the swing rod, the shell will remain horizontal under the action of gravity when it swings, thus keeping the dye cylinder vertical and preventing the dye inside the cylinder from being reversed, and keeping the top of the dye cylinder under pressure. Furthermore, the weight of the shell and the components on the shell can act as a counterweight to increase the balance of the swing rod when it rotates.

[0010] Furthermore, the tunnel wall marking assembly includes a support frame, a disc, a U-shaped rod, and a dye color switching unit. The support frame is fixedly sleeved on the top of the swing rod, the disc is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame, the U-shaped rod slides through the disc, the dye color switching unit is located in the middle of the disc, the discharge hose is connected to the dye color switching unit, mounting plates are fixedly mounted on both ends of the top of the U-shaped rod, and a mounting shaft is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate via bearings. A roller is fixedly sleeved on the mounting shaft. A spring is slidably sleeved on the U-shaped rod, and the spring abuts against the disc and the mounting plate.

[0011] Furthermore, the dye color switching unit includes a lifting plate, an extrusion cylinder, and a dispensing cylinder. The lifting plate is located between two sets of rollers. A circular groove is provided at the center of the side walls on both sides of the lifting plate. The opposite ends of the two sets of mounting shafts are rotatably inserted into the circular groove. The extrusion cylinder is disposed through the center of the disc and there are two sets symmetrically distributed. The dispensing cylinder is fixedly disposed on the top of the two sets of extrusion cylinders. The bottom sides of the dispensing cylinder are respectively connected to the top of the extrusion cylinder on the side closest to it through connecting pipes. Two sets of spray pipes are disposed through the lifting plate along its diameter direction. The top of the spray pipe is provided with a nozzle. The nozzle is located on the top of the lifting plate and its height is lower than the height of the rollers. The bottom end of the spray pipe is connected to the top of the dispensing cylinder.

[0012] The lifting plate is mounted on one end of a shaft, but does not rotate with it. Through two sets of spray pipes passing through the lifting plate, it can spray dyes of different colors.

[0013] Furthermore, a fixing plate is fixedly provided inside the middle side of the extrusion cylinder, and a water-permeable hole is provided on the fixing plate. A sealing block is slidably adapted inside the water-permeable hole. A pull rod is fixedly provided at the bottom of the sealing block. The pull rod slides through the bottom of the extrusion cylinder and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped rod. The bottom of the extrusion cylinder is connected to the discharge hose.

[0014] By cooperating with the sealing block to seal the water permeable hole, the water permeable hole can be opened and closed. Whether the sealing block moves up or down, the water permeable hole will be opened. After the water permeable hole is opened, the pressure at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder will drive the dye to flow upward, thereby realizing the spraying of the dye.

[0015] Furthermore, a partition is provided in the middle of the distributing cylinder, and a second sealing block is slidably adapted inside the distributing cylinder. The second sealing block is located on both sides of the partition, and a second spring abuts against the second sealing block and the partition. A corner channel is opened inside the second sealing block. One end of the corner channel extends vertically to the top of the second sealing block, and the other end of the corner channel extends to the end of the second sealing block away from the partition. When the second sealing block moves to one side of the partition, the vertical opening of the corner channel communicates with the bottom end of the injection pipe.

[0016] When the permeable hole is opened and the vertical opening of the corner channel is connected to the bottom of the spray pipe, the dye in the extrusion cylinder will flow into the distribution cylinder and then into the spray pipe.

[0017] Furthermore, an extrusion rod is fixedly provided on the end of the sealing block two away from the partition plate. The extrusion rod slides through one end of the distributing cylinder. An extrusion block is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom of the mounting plate. The extrusion rod abuts against one side of the extrusion block.

[0018] Furthermore, the two sets of extrusion blocks have the same structure. The side of the extrusion block in contact with the extrusion rod in one set consists of a planar segment one, a ramp segment and a planar segment two from top to bottom. The side of the extrusion block in contact with the extrusion rod in the other set consists of a planar segment two, a ramp segment and a planar segment one from top to bottom.

[0019] Furthermore, the rotating seat includes a horizontal plate, a vertical plate, a rotating shaft, a motor, and a rotating disk. The horizontal plate is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the first electric cylinder, the vertical plates are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the horizontal plate, the motor is fixedly mounted on the side wall of one set of vertical plates, the rotating shaft is rotatably mounted on the two sets of vertical plates through bearings, and one end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. The rotating disk is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft, and the second electric cylinder is fixedly mounted on the rotating disk.

[0020] Furthermore, laser rangefinders are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the movable seat, and electric cylinder one, electric cylinder two, motor and laser rangefinder are electrically connected to the controller.

[0021] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: 1. This invention, by equipping two dye cylinders containing different colored dyes, utilizes the synergistic effect of a pressure tank assembly and a tunnel wall marking assembly to spray different colored dyes onto the depressions and protrusions of the tunnel's circumferential wall using air pressure. When encountering a protrusion, one set of spray pipes emits a specific color dye for marking; when encountering a depression, the other set of spray pipes emits a different color dye for marking. This achieves a clear distinction between the two deformation conditions, facilitating intuitive analysis of tunnel deformation problems by workers. The dye markings allow workers to quickly locate deformation positions during subsequent repair work, while also serving as a hazard warning, achieving an early warning effect.

[0022] 2. This invention utilizes a pressure tank assembly with the shell hinged to the bottom of the swing rod. When the swing rod rotates, the shell remains horizontal under gravity, keeping the dye cylinder vertical and preventing the dye from being inverted. This ensures the top of the dye cylinder is always pressurized, guaranteeing stable dye delivery. The weight of the shell and its components acts as a counterweight, increasing the balance of the swing rod during rotation, reducing the impact of swing rod swaying on measurement and marking accuracy, ensuring the overall stability of the device, and thus improving the accuracy of tunnel deformation monitoring.

[0023] 3. This invention uses an electric cylinder one to adjust the rotation axis to coincide with the tunnel axis, an electric cylinder two to adjust the contact state between the roller and the tunnel wall, and a motor to drive the swing rod to rotate along the circumferential wall of the tunnel. This enables comprehensive monitoring of different locations in the tunnel and is suitable for monitoring scenarios of different specifications of tunnels, with strong adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the swing rod, pressure tank assembly, and tunnel wall marking assembly in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the swing rod and the pressure tank assembly in this invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunnel wall marking component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the tunnel wall marking component of the present invention after removing the support frame and the disc; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A sectional view; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the extrusion block in this invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the dye color switching unit in this invention; Figure 9 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point B; Figure 10 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A.

[0025] The components include: 1. Moving seat; 2. Electric cylinder one; 3. Rotating seat; 4. Electric cylinder two; 5. Swing rod; 6. Pressure tank assembly; 7. Tunnel wall marking assembly; 8. Laser rangefinder; 61. Housing; 62. Compressed air tank; 63. Dye cylinder; 64. Air outlet pipe; 65. Discharge hose; 71. Support frame; 72. Disc; 73. U-shaped rod; 74. Dye color switching unit; 75. Mounting plate; 76. Mounting shaft; 77. Roller; 78. Spring one; 741. Lifting plate; 742. Extrusion cylinder; 743. Distributor cylinder. 744. Circular groove; 745. Connecting pipe; 746. Spray pipe; 747. Nozzle; 7421. Fixing plate; 7422. Water permeable hole; 7423. Blocking block one; 7424. Tie rod; 7431. Partition plate; 7432. Blocking block two; 7433. Spring two; 7434. Corner channel; 7435. Extrusion rod; 7436. Extrusion block; 361. Plane section one; 362. Slope section; 363. Plane section two; 31. Horizontal plate; 32. Vertical plate; 33. Rotating shaft; 34. Motor; 35. Rotating disk. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] like Figures 1-10As shown, the present invention discloses an underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device, comprising a movable base 1, an electric cylinder 2, a rotating base 3, an electric cylinder 4, a swing rod 5, a pressure tank assembly 6, and a tunnel wall marking assembly 7. The electric cylinder 2 is fixedly mounted on the movable base 1, the rotating base 3 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder 2, the electric cylinder 4 is fixedly mounted on the rotating base 3, the swing rod 5 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder 4, the pressure tank assembly 6 is hinged to the bottom end of the swing rod 5 and located on one side of the output shaft of the electric cylinder 4, and the tunnel wall marking assembly 7 is fixedly mounted on the top end of the swing rod 5 and connected to the pressure tank assembly 6.

[0029] Working principle: The rotating seat 3 drives the swing rod 5 to rotate along the tunnel circumference wall. At the same time, through the cooperation of the pressure tank assembly 6 and the tunnel wall marking assembly 7, the dye can be sprayed onto the depressions and protrusions on the tunnel circumference wall by air pressure to make markings.

[0030] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the pressure tank assembly 6 includes a housing 61, a compressed air tank 62, and a dye cylinder 63. The top of the housing 61 is hinged to the bottom of the swing rod 5. The compressed air tank 62 is fixedly installed inside the housing 61. The dye cylinder 63 is fixedly located on the top of the housing 61 and distributed on both sides of the swing rod 5. The compressed air tank 62 is provided with two sets of air outlet pipes 64, which are respectively connected to the top of the dye cylinder 63. The swing rod 5 has a cavity inside. The bottom of the dye cylinder 63 is connected to a discharge hose 65. The side wall of the swing rod 5 has a circular hole for the discharge hose 65 to extend into the cavity. The discharge hose 65 passes through the top of the swing rod 5 and is connected to the tunnel wall marking assembly 7.

[0031] Working principle of pressure tank assembly 6: Compressed air tank 62 stores compressed gas in advance. The compressed gas is delivered to the inside of dye cylinder 63 through the outlet pipe 64. When the pressure inside dye cylinder 63 increases, the dye inside is forced into the discharge hose 65 and then into the tunnel wall marking assembly 7. The dyes in the two sets of dye cylinders 63 are different colors, which makes it easy to distinguish and mark the two types of tunnel depressions and convexities. The outlet pipe 64 is equipped with a one-way valve (not shown) to prevent dye from entering the compressed air tank 62. In addition, by hinged to the bottom of the swing rod 5 via the housing 61, the housing 61 will remain horizontal under the action of gravity when it swings and rotates, thereby keeping the dye cylinder 63 vertical and preventing the dye in the dye cylinder 63 from being reversed, and keeping the top of the dye cylinder 63 under pressure. In addition, the weight of the housing 61 and the components on the housing 61 can act as a counterweight to increase the balance of the swing rod 5 when it rotates.

[0032] like Figures 1-10As shown, the tunnel wall marking assembly 7 includes a support frame 71, a disc 72, a U-shaped rod 73, and a dye color switching unit 74. The support frame 71 is fixedly sleeved on the top of the swing rod 5. The disc 72 is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame 71. The U-shaped rod 73 slides through the disc 72. The dye color switching unit 74 is located in the middle of the disc 72. The discharge hose 65 is connected to the dye color switching unit 74. Mounting plates 75 are fixedly mounted on both ends of the top of the U-shaped rod 73. A mounting shaft 76 is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 75 via bearings. A roller 77 is fixedly sleeved on the mounting shaft 76. A spring 78 is slidably sleeved on the U-shaped rod 73. The spring 78 abuts against the disc 72 and the mounting plate 75.

[0033] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the dye color switching unit 74 includes a lifting plate 741, an extrusion cylinder 742, and a dispensing cylinder 743. The lifting plate 741 is located between two sets of rollers 77. A circular groove 744 is provided at the center of the side walls on both sides of the lifting plate 741. One end of each of the two sets of mounting shafts 76 is rotatably inserted into the circular groove 744. The extrusion cylinder 742 is disposed through the middle of the disc 72 and is symmetrically distributed in two sets. The dispensing cylinder 743 is fixedly disposed on the top of the two sets of extrusion cylinders 742. The bottom sides of the dispensing cylinder 743 are respectively connected to the top of the extrusion cylinder 742 on the side closest to it through connecting pipes 745. Two sets of spray pipes 746 are disposed through the lifting plate 741 along its diameter direction. The top of the spray pipe 746 is provided with a nozzle 747. The nozzle 747 is located on the top of the lifting plate 741 and its height is lower than the height of the rollers 77. The bottom end of the spray pipe 746 is connected to the top of the dispensing cylinder 743.

[0034] The lifting plate 741 is mounted on one end of the shaft 76, but does not rotate with it. Through two sets of spray pipes 746 passing through the lifting plate 741, it can spray dyes of different colors.

[0035] like Figures 1-10 As shown, a fixing plate 7421 is fixedly installed inside the middle side of the extrusion cylinder 742. A water-permeable hole 7422 is opened on the fixing plate 7421. A sealing block 7423 is slidably fitted inside the water-permeable hole 7422. A pull rod 7424 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the sealing block 7423. The pull rod 7424 slides through the bottom of the extrusion cylinder 742 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped rod 73. The bottom of the extrusion cylinder 742 is connected to the discharge hose 65. A sealing ring is provided at the connection between the extrusion cylinder 742 and the pull rod 7424 to prevent dye leakage inside the extrusion cylinder 742.

[0036] By cooperating with the sealing block 7423 to seal the water permeable hole 7422, the opening and closing of the water permeable hole 7422 can be realized. Whether the sealing block 7423 moves upward or downward, the water permeable hole 7422 will be opened. After the water permeable hole 7422 is opened, the pressure at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder 742 will drive the dye to flow upward, thereby realizing the spraying of dye.

[0037] like Figures 1-10 As shown, a partition plate 7431 is provided in the middle of the distributing cylinder 743. A second sealing block 7432 is slidably adapted inside the distributing cylinder 743. The second sealing block 7432 is located on both sides of the partition plate 7431. A second spring 7433 abuts against the second sealing block 7432 and the partition plate 7431. A corner channel 7434 is opened inside the second sealing block 7432. One end of the corner channel 7434 extends vertically to the top of the second sealing block 7432, and the other end of the corner channel 7434 extends to the end of the second sealing block 7432 away from the partition plate 7431. When the second sealing block 7432 moves to one side of the partition plate 7431, the vertical opening of the corner channel 7434 is connected to the bottom end of the injection pipe 746.

[0038] When the permeable hole 7422 is opened and the vertical opening of the corner channel 7434 is connected to the bottom of the spray pipe 746, the dye in the extrusion cylinder 742 will flow into the distribution cylinder 743 and then into the spray pipe 746.

[0039] like Figures 1-10 As shown, a pressing rod 7435 is fixedly provided on the end of the sealing block 7432 away from the partition plate 7431. The pressing rod 7435 slides through one end of the dispensing cylinder 743. A pressing block 7436 is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom of the mounting plate 75. The pressing rod 7435 abuts against one side of the pressing block 7436. The initial position of the sealing block 7432 abuts against the inner wall of one side of the dispensing cylinder 743 under the compression of the spring 7433, and seals the connecting pipe 745. A sealing ring is provided at the sliding connection between the dispensing cylinder 743 and the pressing rod 7435 to prevent dye from leaking from the connection between the two.

[0040] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the two sets of extrusion blocks 7436 have the same structure. One set of extrusion blocks 7436 has a side that contacts the extrusion rod 7435 consisting of a first planar segment 361, a ramp segment 362, and a second planar segment 363 from top to bottom. The other set of extrusion blocks 7436 consists of a second planar segment 363, a ramp segment 362, and a first planar segment 361 from top to bottom.

[0041] By cooperating with the extrusion rod 7435 and the extrusion block 7436, when the extrusion rod 7435 is in contact with the slope section 362 on one side of the extrusion block 7436, it can drive the extrusion rod 7435 to move towards the partition plate 7431, thereby connecting the vertical opening of the corner channel 7434 with the bottom end of the injection pipe 746. The two sets of extrusion blocks 7436 are arranged in reverse order. The purpose of this arrangement is that when the extrusion blocks 7436 move in different directions, only the ramp section 362 of one set of extrusion blocks 7436 contacts the extrusion rod 7435. In other words, only the vertical opening of the corner channel 7434 on the second set of sealing blocks 7432 is connected to the bottom end of the spray pipe 746 at any given time. This ensures that when the roller 77 encounters depressions and protrusions, it can spray different colored dyes to distinguish them, which facilitates the analysis of the deformation of the tunnel wall.

[0042] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the rotating base 3 includes a horizontal plate 31, a vertical plate 32, a rotating shaft 33, a motor 34, and a rotating disk 35. The horizontal plate 31 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder 2. The vertical plates 32 are symmetrically fixedly mounted on the horizontal plate 31. The motor 34 is fixedly mounted on the side wall of one set of vertical plates 32. The rotating shaft 33 is rotatably mounted on both sets of vertical plates 32 through bearings, and one end of the shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor 34. The rotating disk 35 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 33. The electric cylinder 4 is fixedly mounted on the rotating disk 35.

[0043] like Figures 1-10 As shown, laser rangefinders 8 are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the movable seat 1, and electric cylinder 2, electric cylinder 4, motor 34, and laser rangefinders 8 are electrically connected to the controller.

[0044] In practical use, the distance to the two side walls of the tunnel is monitored by the laser rangefinder 8. By pushing the movable seat 1, the device moves along the center of the tunnel to a suitable position. The extension and retraction length of the electric cylinder 2 is controlled so that the axis of the rotating shaft 33 coincides with the axis of the tunnel. Then, the extension and retraction length of the electric cylinder 2 is controlled so that the roller 77 contacts the curved top wall of the tunnel. The spring 78 is initially in a compressed state. Then, the motor 34 is started, which drives the rotating shaft 33 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating disk 35 and the electric cylinder 2 to rotate, which in turn drives the swing rod 5 to rotate, which in turn drives the support frame 71 and the disc 72 to rotate, thereby driving the roller 77 to roll on the top wall of the tunnel. When there is a protrusion in the tunnel, the roller 77 moves to one side of the disc 72, thereby driving the mounting plate 75 and the U-shaped rod 73 to move synchronously, thereby driving the pull rod 7424 away from the extrusion cylinder 742. The pull rod 7424 drives the sealing block 7423 to move out. Water permeable hole 7422 is connected at this time. At this time, the dye at the bottom of the extrusion cylinder 742 will flow upward from the water permeable hole 7422 and then enter the distribution cylinder 743. As the mounting plate 75 moves, it drives the extrusion block 7436 to move. The extrusion rod 7435 initially abuts against the flat section 361 on the extrusion block 7436. When the extrusion block 7436 moves, it causes the ramp section 362 on one of the extrusion blocks 7436 to abut against the extrusion rod 7435, thereby driving the corresponding sealing block 7432 to move towards the partition plate 7431 and compress the spring 7433. When the sealing block 7432 moves towards the partition plate 7431, the vertical opening of the corner channel 7434 is connected to the bottom of the spray pipe 746. When the extrusion rod 7435 slides past the ramp section 362 and moves to the flat section 363, the sealing block 7432 is at the position closest to the partition plate 7431. When the vertical opening of the corner channel 7434 is connected to the bottom of the spray pipe 746, the dye in the distribution cylinder 743 flows upward through one of the spray pipes 746 and is finally sprayed from the nozzle 747 onto the tunnel wall to mark the tunnel protrusions. Similarly, when there is a depression in the tunnel wall, the roller 77 moves towards the depression under the action of the spring 78. This causes the pull rod 7424 to move towards the squeezing cylinder 742. At this time, the pull rod 7424 will also move the sealing block 7423 out of the water permeable hole 7422, thus connecting the water permeable hole 7422. At the same time, when the mounting plate 75 moves the squeezing block 7436, the ramp section 362 on the other set of squeezing blocks 7436 will come into contact with the squeezing rod 7435. Then, the other set of sealing blocks 7432 will move, and the corner channel 7434 on it will connect with the other set of spray pipes 746. This allows the two sets of spray pipes 746 to work alternately when the roller 77 encounters both depressions and protrusions. The two sets of spray pipes 746 spray different colors. By observing the different colored dyes sprayed on the tunnel wall, the tunnel deformation problem can be better analyzed. Furthermore, the dye markings can serve as a hazard warning to the workers.

[0045] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0046] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the scope of the invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0047] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring and early warning of deformation in underground tunnel structures, characterized in that: The device includes a movable seat (1), an electric cylinder one (2), a rotating seat (3), an electric cylinder two (4), a swing rod (5), a pressure tank assembly (6), and a tunnel wall marking assembly (7). The electric cylinder one (2) is fixedly mounted on the movable seat (1), the rotating seat (3) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder one (2), the electric cylinder two (4) is fixedly mounted on the rotating seat (3), the swing rod (5) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the electric cylinder two (4), the pressure tank assembly (6) is hinged to the bottom end of the swing rod (5) and located on one side of the output shaft of the electric cylinder two (4), and the tunnel wall marking assembly (7) is fixedly mounted on the top end of the swing rod (5) and connected to the pressure tank assembly (6). The pressure tank assembly (6) includes a housing (61), a compressed air tank (62), and a dye cylinder (63). The top of the housing (61) is hinged to the bottom of the swing rod (5). The compressed air tank (62) is fixedly installed inside the housing (61). The dye cylinder (63) is fixedly installed on the top of the housing (61) and distributed on both sides of the swing rod (5). The compressed air tank (62) is provided with two sets of air outlet pipes (64), which are respectively connected to the top of the dye cylinder (63). The swing rod (5) has a cavity inside. The bottom of the dye cylinder (63) is connected to a discharge hose (65). The side wall of the swing rod (5) has a round hole for the discharge hose (65) to move into the cavity. The discharge hose (65) passes through the top of the swing rod (5) and is connected to the tunnel wall marking assembly (7). The tunnel wall marking assembly (7) includes a support frame (71), a disc (72), a U-shaped rod (73), and a dye color switching unit (74). The support frame (71) is fixedly sleeved on the top of the swing rod (5). The disc (72) is fixedly mounted on the top of the support frame (71). The U-shaped rod (73) slides through the disc (72). The dye color switching unit (74) is located in the middle of the disc (72). The discharge hose (65) is connected to the dye color switching unit (74). Mounting plates (75) are fixedly mounted on both ends of the top of the U-shaped rod (73). Mounting shaft (76) is rotatably mounted on the mounting plate (75) through a bearing. Roller (77) is fixedly sleeved on the mounting shaft (76). Spring 1 (78) is slidably sleeved on the U-shaped rod (73). Spring 1 (78) abuts against the disc (72) and the mounting plate (75).

2. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dye color switching unit (74) includes a lifting plate (741), an extrusion cylinder (742), and a distributing cylinder (743). The lifting plate (741) is located between two sets of rollers (77). A circular groove (744) is provided at the center of the side walls on both sides of the lifting plate (741). The opposite ends of the two sets of mounting shafts (76) are rotatably inserted into the circular groove (744). The extrusion cylinder (742) is disposed through the middle of the disc (72), and two sets are symmetrically distributed. The distributing cylinder (743) is fixedly disposed on the two sets of extrusion cylinders. The top of the cylinder (742) is connected to the top of the extrusion cylinder (742) on both sides of the bottom of the distribution cylinder (743) through connecting pipes (745); two sets of spray pipes (746) are passed through the lifting plate (741) along its diameter direction, and the top of the spray pipe (746) is provided with a nozzle (747). The nozzle (747) is located on the top of the lifting plate (741) and its height is lower than the height of the roller (77). The bottom end of the spray pipe (746) is connected to the top of the distribution cylinder (743).

3. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A fixing plate (7421) is fixedly provided inside the middle side of the extrusion cylinder (742). A water-permeable hole (7422) is provided on the fixing plate (7421). A sealing block (7423) is slidably fitted inside the water-permeable hole (7422). A pull rod (7424) is fixedly provided at the bottom of the sealing block (7423). The pull rod (7424) slides through the bottom of the extrusion cylinder (742) and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped rod (73). The bottom of the extrusion cylinder (742) is connected to the discharge hose (65).

4. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distribution cylinder (743) is provided with a partition (7431) in the middle. A sealing block two (7432) is slidably fitted inside the distribution cylinder (743). The sealing block two (7432) is located on both sides of the partition (7431). A spring two (7433) abuts against the partition (7431) between the sealing block two (7432) and the partition (7431). A corner channel (7434) is opened inside the sealing block two (7432). One end of the corner channel (7434) extends vertically to the top of the sealing block two (7432). The other end of the corner channel (7434) extends to the end of the sealing block two (7432) away from the partition (7431). When the sealing block two (7432) moves to one side of the partition (7431), the vertical opening of the corner channel (7434) is connected to the bottom end of the injection pipe (746).

5. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sealing block 2 (7432) is also fixedly provided with an extrusion rod (7435) at the end away from the partition (7431). The extrusion rod (7435) slides through one end of the distributing cylinder (743). An extrusion block (7436) is fixedly provided on one side of the bottom of the mounting plate (75). The extrusion rod (7435) abuts against one side of the extrusion block (7436).

6. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The two sets of extrusion blocks (7436) have the same structure. One set of extrusion blocks (7436) has a side that contacts the extrusion rod (7435) consisting of a planar segment one (361), a ramp segment (362), and a planar segment two (363) from top to bottom. The other set of extrusion blocks (7436) has a side that contacts the extrusion rod (7435) consisting of a planar segment two (363), a ramp segment (362), and a planar segment one (361) from top to bottom.

7. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating base (3) includes a horizontal plate (31), a vertical plate (32), a rotating shaft (33), a motor (34), and a rotating disk (35). The horizontal plate (31) is fixed on the output shaft of the electric cylinder (2). The vertical plate (32) is symmetrically fixed on the horizontal plate (31). The motor (34) is fixed on the side wall of one of the vertical plates (32). The rotating shaft (33) is rotatably mounted on the two sets of vertical plates (32) through bearings, and one end of it is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (34). The rotating disk (35) is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft (33). The electric cylinder (4) is fixedly mounted on the rotating disk (35).

8. The underground tunnel structure deformation monitoring and early warning device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Laser rangefinders (8) are fixedly installed on both sides of the top of the mobile base (1).

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