Comb-type slideway cross beam mounting and measuring device and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a comb-type slideway cross beam mounting and measuring device, which is characterized in that a total station is arranged on a shore side, a measuring mark is arranged at the top end of an onshore region steel rail, a measuring mark is arranged on a shore side of a shallow water region steel rail, a guide measuring rod with a leveling device, an anchoring device, a prism and a water level sensing contact is arranged on a sea side, and an auxiliary guide measuring rod is arranged at the end, close to the shallow water region, of the onshore region; a modularly-spliced measuring tower and an underwater visual system facing a seam are arranged on the sea side of a deepwater area. The construction method comprises the steps of cross beam transferring, measuring device installing and calibrating, initial positioning, subarea accurate measuring and positioning, device dismantling, steel rail fixing, rail detecting and underwater node pouring. The construction problems caused by poor adaptability, insufficient precision, benchmark disjunction, dynamic water level change and storm interference of a traditional measurement technology are solved, and full-scene accurate and efficient installation of the comb-type slideway cross beam is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slideway construction technology, and in particular to a comb-type slideway grid beam installation measuring device and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] my country's wharf construction technology has undergone decades of development and accumulation, forming a mature and complete construction system with continuous iteration and upgrading of core processes. However, significant environmental constraints remain in the construction of large comb-type slipways. Among these, the installation of the grid beams, a key process, requires coordination of both above-water erection and underwater operations, involving multiple complex steps such as component hoisting and precise docking. The low visibility and variable current conditions in the underwater environment drastically increase the difficulty of controlling the accuracy of measurement and positioning. Existing construction technologies are mostly applied piecemeal, lacking a complete standardized system covering the entire process, making it difficult to efficiently adapt to such challenging construction requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measurement device and its construction method, which solves the problems of scattered measurements, insufficient accuracy, and poor adaptability of traditional technologies in complex aquatic environments.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a comb-type slide lattice beam installation and measurement device, wherein the slide lattice beam is divided into multiple sections of land area lattice beam, shallow water area lattice beam and deep water area lattice beam from the shore side to the sea side, and a total station is installed on the extension line of the slide lattice beam on the shore side; Measurement marks are set at the top of the rails of the grid beams in the land area; The steel rails of the grid beam in the shallow water area are marked with measuring marks at the top of the shore side and vertical measuring rods at the sea side end. The height of the measuring rods is higher than the highest value of the construction water level. A vertical measuring tower is installed at the seaside end of the grid beam in the deep water area. The height of the measuring tower is higher than the highest value of the construction water level. An underwater visualization system is installed in front of the measuring tower, and the underwater visualization system faces the joint between the current grid beam segment and the previous grid beam segment.

[0005] In the preferred embodiment, the measuring rod includes a measuring guide rod, a leveling device, an anchoring device, a horizontal bubble meter, and a first prism; The measuring guide rod is vertically set by a leveling device at its lower end and is detachably fixed to the rail by an anchoring device. The measuring guide rod has elevation scale lines and centerline scale lines along its length. A horizontal bubble meter is installed in the middle of the rod, and a first prism is installed at the top.

[0006] In the preferred embodiment, the measuring tower includes a main structure formed by sequentially splicing a bottom fixing part, several intermediate sections, and a top section. An operating platform is located above the top section, and two sets of water tanks are located on both sides of the operating platform. A float is installed in the water tank, and a second prism is installed at the top of the float. One end of the steel wire rope is connected to the rail, and the other end passes through the middle of the column and is connected to the second prism. In the preferred embodiment, an observation port is provided at the top of the column, and the observation port faces the measurement direction of the total station; A scale is provided along the length of the outer surface of the column below the observation port for the initial adjustment and calibration of the wire rope.

[0007] In the preferred embodiment, the installation height of the water tanks on both sides is the same. In the preferred embodiment, the underwater visualization system includes an extension frame, lighting equipment, and a camera; One end of the extension frame is fixedly connected to the lower part of the measuring tower, and the other end extends to the joint between the current section of the grid beam and the previous section of the grid beam. The lighting lamp and camera are symmetrically set at the front end of the extension frame for lighting and shooting data at the joint. The underwater visualization system also includes an information processing module for recording the visual data acquired by the camera and communicating with the measurement system.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, a water level sensor contact is installed on the measuring rod of the grid beam in the shallow water area at the elevation corresponding to the measurement mark of the rail on the bank side of the corresponding segment, and the water level sensor contact is connected to the measurement system. The section of the grid beam closest to the shallow water area in the onshore area has an auxiliary measuring rod at its seaside end, with an auxiliary prism fixed at its top.

[0009] A construction method for a comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device, the method comprising: S1. Transfer of grid beams: The pre-assembled grid beams in the land area, shallow water area, and deep water area are transferred to the installation area using special lifting equipment. During transportation, the design installation slope of the grid beams is maintained by adjusting the length of the lifting equipment wire ropes. The grid beams are supported by steel sections and timber to ensure the stability of the slope during transportation. S2. Installation of measuring equipment: Install measuring marks on the top of the rails on the shore side of the grid beams in the land area and the grid beams in the shallow water area; install the lead rods at the seaside end of the grid beams in the shallow water area and the auxiliary lead rods at the near-shallow water end of the grid beams in the land area; install the measuring tower and underwater visualization system at the seaside end of the grid beams in the deep water area; deploy the total station on the shore side and complete the equipment calibration and communication connection. S3. Initial positioning of the grid beam: The crane vessel lifts the grid beam to the installation position, so that the new beam is misaligned with the already installed grid beam by no less than 30cm. Adjust the anchor chain and the boom amplitude to make them roughly collinear. Slowly lower it to about 20cm from the top of the pile cap and pause. Tighten the anchor chain to control the gap between the new beam and the already installed beam to the design requirements, and then lower it smoothly to the top of the pile cap. S4. Precise Measurement and Positioning by Zone: Using a total station in conjunction with measurement markers, guide rods, auxiliary guide rods, measurement towers, and an underwater visualization system, the rail coordinates of the grid beams in the land, shallow water, and deep water areas are measured, and the grid beam positions are adjusted to meet design requirements based on the measurement data. S5. Measurement device removal: After the grid beam is repositioned and verified to be correct, the divers unhook the device underwater and, with the help of a crane boat, remove the measurement tower, guide rod and auxiliary guide rod, and transfer it to the next installation position. S6. Rail fixing: Divers reinforce and tighten the rail clamps and anchor bolts at the rail joints and the connection points of the measuring devices. S7. Track Inspection: The track installation accuracy is verified by testing the track by observing the swaying of the steel pipe at the top of the track. S8. Underwater node pouring: After the track inspection is qualified, steel bars are embedded between the reserved holes of the grid beam and the pile cap. Underwater concrete is poured in layers and compacted. Underwater mortar is used to fill the gap between the support steel plate and the grid beam legs.

[0010] In the preferred scheme, step S4, precise measurement and positioning of the zones, includes: S41. Land area survey: The total station is used to directly aim at the measurement mark at the top of the rail of the grid beam in the land area, and the rail coordinate data is collected. The coordinates of the grid beam in the land area closest to the shallow water area are used as the reference data. S42. Shallow water area measurement: The total station is simultaneously aimed at the measurement mark on the bank side of the grid beam in the shallow water area and the first prism at the top of the guide rod, and two sets of coordinate data are collected. The data are compared and calibrated with the benchmark data in the land area. At the same time, the coordinates of the auxiliary prism at the top of the auxiliary guide rod are measured to verify the connection accuracy between the grid beam in the shallow water area and the grid beam in the land area. S43. Deep water area measurement: Adjust the number of intermediate sections of the measuring tower according to the water level, fill the water tank to tension the steel wire rope and float, calibrate the steel wire rope axis through the observation port and scale of the column, measure the coordinates of the second prism at the top of the measuring tower with a total station, collect visual data of the joint area by the camera of the underwater visualization system, combine the two to calculate the rail coordinates of the grid beam in the deep water area, and connect and calibrate the coordinates of the grid beam in the shallow water area. S44. Fine-tuning principle: The precise positioning of the grid beam follows the principle of elevation first and then plane. First, the elevation of the grid beam is adjusted by using a crane boat and steel plates are laid to stabilize it. Then, the grid beam is lifted by 1-2cm and the plane position is adjusted to the design requirements using jacks.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, step S4 of the shallow water area measurement also includes a measurement scheme switching operation based on the water level sensor contact: S421. Status determination: Before measurement in shallow water, the water level sensor contact on the measuring rod is used to collect signals. When the contact outputs a disconnect signal, it is determined that the measurement marker on the shore is not submerged. When it outputs a conduction signal, it is determined that the marker is submerged. S422. Measurement of unsubmerged scenes: Simultaneously collect the coordinate data of the measurement mark and the first prism at the top of the measuring rod. If the deviation meets the requirements, take the average value as the positioning basis. S423. Measurement of submerged scenes: Focus on collecting the coordinate data of the first prism at the top of the pilot rod and the auxiliary prism at the top of the auxiliary pilot rod. Combine the reference data of the land area to convert the rail coordinates of the grid beam in the shallow water area. Start the underwater visualization system, collect the joint area data through the camera, and verify it with the converted coordinates. If the deviation meets the requirements, the positioning is confirmed to be valid.

[0012] This invention provides a measurement device and construction method for installing a comb-type slide beam. The device deploys measurement components along the water depth gradient. In the land area, the basic benchmark is established through direct observation. In the shallow water area, a dual-measuring-point architecture ensures measurement redundancy. In the deep water area, a three-dimensional measurement network is formed by the use of a measurement tower and an underwater visualization system, which completely covers the construction range from land to deep water, ensuring that there are no blind spots in the measurement link. This provides stable and unified technical support for the installation of comb beams under different water depth conditions.

[0013] The structural design of each core component specifically addresses key pain points in construction. The leveling and anchoring structure of the measuring rod balances installation accuracy with ease of assembly and disassembly. The combination of scale lines and prisms provides dual assurance for initial adjustment and precision measurement, significantly improving the efficiency and reliability of shallow water measurements. The modular splicing design of the measuring tower can flexibly adapt to water level changes. The staggered arrangement of the two water tanks enhances stability against wind and waves and corrects measurement errors through dual-benchmark calibration, ensuring the accuracy of coordinate transfer in deep water. The underwater visualization system, through the synergy of lighting and imaging, solves the problem of limited field of view at seams in deep water, and the fusion analysis with total station data further enhances the reliability of the measurement results.

[0014] The construction method follows a scientific process logic, forming a closed-loop control from component transportation to underwater casting. This ensures smooth connection between each stage and reduces repeated adjustments during installation by adhering to the principles of zoned measurement and precise positioning, thereby improving construction efficiency. The introduction of water level sensor contacts enables adaptive switching of measurement schemes, effectively addressing the observation challenges caused by dynamic water level changes. The auxiliary guide rod establishes a cross-regional benchmark connection, avoiding the accumulation of errors during segmented installation and ensuring the consistency of the overall track alignment.

[0015] The detachable structure and reusable components of the device reduce construction costs, while the communication, collaboration, and data fusion of the various measuring components enhance the system's intelligence, enabling accurate measurements without complex manual intervention. This invention balances measurement accuracy, construction efficiency, and environmental adaptability, making it suitable for comb-type slideway grid beam installation projects under different hydrological conditions. It provides a reliable technical reference for similar projects and has significant practical value and promotional significance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the onshore grid beam measurement of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shallow water area grid beam measurement of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement of the grid beam in shallow water area during flooding, according to the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the deep-water area grid beam measurement of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the measuring tower structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a main view of the measuring tower structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the probe rod of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater visualization system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the installation and construction process of the grid beam of this invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Land area grid beam; 2. Rail; 3. Survey mark; 4. Total station; 5. Shallow water area grid beam; 6. Guide rod; 601. Leveling device; 602. Anchoring device; 603. Horizontal bubble meter; 604. First prism; 605. Deep water area grid beam; 7. Survey tower; 8. Bottom fixing part; 801. Intermediate section; 802. Top section; 803. Operating platform; 804. Water tank; 805. Float; 806. Second prism; 807. Wire rope; 808. Column; 809. Observation port; 8091. Scale; 8092. Underwater visualization system; 9. Extension frame; 901. Lighting lamp; 902. Camera; 903. Information processing module; 904. Survey system; 10. Water level sensor contact; 11. Auxiliary guide rod; 12. Auxiliary prism; 1201. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1 like Figure 1-8 As shown, a comb-type slide lattice beam installation and measurement device is provided. The slide lattice beam is divided into multiple sections from the shore to the sea side: land area lattice beam 1, shallow water area lattice beam 5 and deep water area lattice beam 7. A total station 4 is installed on the extension line of the shore-side slide lattice beam. Measurement marks 3 are provided at the top of the rails 2 of the grid beam 1 in the land area; The steel rails 2 of the shallow water grid beam 5 are equipped with measuring marks 3 at the top of the shore side and vertical measuring rods 6 at the sea side end. The height of the measuring rods 6 is higher than the highest value of the construction water level. A vertical measuring tower 8 is installed at the seaside end of the grid beam 7 in the deep water area. The height of the measuring tower 8 is higher than the highest value of the construction water level. An underwater visualization system 9 is installed in front of the measuring tower 8, and the underwater visualization system 9 faces the joint between the grid beam segment and the previous grid beam segment.

[0019] This device is constructed along the natural water depth gradient from the shore to the sea side of the comb-shaped slide, with multiple sections of crisscross beams 1 in the land area, 5 in the shallow water area, and 7 in the deep water area. The total station 4, positioned along the extended line of the shore slide, is strategically located to ensure unobstructed line-of-sight coverage of all measuring components, forming a comprehensive measurement architecture that is adaptable to different zones and interconnected across the entire area. In the land area, direct observation is achieved using the measurement markers 3 at the top of the rails 2. In the shallow water area, dual measurement points are established using the shore-side measurement markers 3 and the sea-side guide rods 6. In the deep water area, the measurement tower 8 and the underwater visualization system 9 precisely capture the condition of the joints, fully covering the entire construction scenario from land to deep water.

[0020] In operation, the installation, calibration, and communication connections of each measuring component are completed first. Then, the construction proceeds segment by segment in the order of land area → shallow water area → deep water area. The measuring system 10 integrates the measurement data from components such as the total station 4, the guide rod 6, and the measuring tower 8 in real time to guide the positioning and adjustment of the grid beam. The core advantage of this overall design lies in its precise adaptation of the measuring scheme to different water depth environments, the complete measurement link without blind spots, and the provision of stable and reliable technical support for the installation of the grid beam.

[0021] In the preferred embodiment, the measuring rod 6 includes a measuring guide rod 601, a leveling device 602, an anchoring device 603, a horizontal bubble meter 604, and a first prism 605; The measuring guide rod 601 is vertically set by the leveling device 602 at its lower end and is detachably fixed to the rail 2 by the anchoring device 603. The measuring guide rod 601 has elevation scale lines and centerline scale lines along its length. A horizontal bubble meter 604 is provided in the middle of the rod, and a first prism 605 is provided at the top.

[0022] As the core load-bearing component, the measuring guide rod 601 can quickly correct its verticality through the lower leveling device 602. Combined with the central bubble level 604, it allows for a direct assessment of the verticality, avoiding measurement deviations caused by rod tilt. In this embodiment, the leveling device 602 preferably consists of two parallel plates, with the measuring guide rod 601 fixed to the center of the upper plate. Four adjusting sleeves are located at the four corners of the two parallel plates to adjust the height of the corners for leveling. The anchoring device 603 adopts a detachable structure, ensuring a rigid connection with the rail 2 during measurement while facilitating rapid dismantling and reuse after construction. The elevation and centerline scale lines on the measuring guide rod 601 enable rapid initial adjustment for the grid beam installation without relying on complex data calculations. The first prism 605 at the top provides a precise distance measurement target for the total station 4, forming a dual guarantee of initial adjustment and fine measurement, significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of measurements in shallow water areas.

[0023] In the preferred embodiment, the measuring tower 8 includes a main structure of the measuring tower formed by sequentially splicing together a bottom fixing part 801, a number of intermediate sections 802 and a top section 803; An operating platform 804 is provided above the top section 803. Two sets of water tanks 805 are provided on both sides of the operating platform 804. A float 806 is provided inside the water tank 805. A second prism 807 is provided at the top of the float 806. One end of the wire rope 808 is connected to the rail 2, and the other end passes through the middle of the column 809 and is connected to the second prism 807. In the preferred embodiment, an observation port 8091 is provided at the top of the column 809, and the observation port 8091 faces the measurement direction of the total station 4; A scale 8092 is provided on the outer surface of the column 809 below the observation port 8091 along the length direction for the initial adjustment and calibration of the wire rope 808.

[0024] In the preferred embodiment, the installation heights of the two water tanks 805 are the same. The measuring tower 8 adopts a modular splicing structure. The bottom fixing part 801 ensures a stable connection with the embedded parts of the grid beam track. Several intermediate sections 802 can be flexibly added or removed according to the dynamic changes in the construction water level, so that the height of the main structure of the measuring tower always adapts to the water depth requirements and avoids the measurement benchmark being affected by water level fluctuations. The operating platform 804 above the top section 803 provides the construction personnel with a working space for equipment debugging and maintenance. The water tanks 805 on both sides and the floats 806 constitute the core coordinate transmission mechanism. One end of the steel wire rope 808 is fixed to the rail 2, and the other end passes through the column 809 and connects to the second prism 807 at the top of the float 806. Utilizing the stable floating characteristics of the float 806 in the water, the steel wire rope 808 is kept under vertical tension, thereby accurately transmitting the coordinates of the underwater rail 2 to the total station 4 through the second prism 807. The observation port 8091 at the top of column 809 faces the measurement direction of total station 4, allowing construction personnel to observe in real time whether the wire rope 808 coincides with the design axis. The scale 8092 below provides a direct scale reference for the initial adjustment of the wire rope 808, shortening the initial adjustment time. The two sets of water tanks 805 are installed at the same height to ensure that the float 806 is subjected to balanced force and to avoid the float tilting due to the height difference. In the preferred embodiment, the underwater visualization system 9 includes an extension frame 901, a lighting lamp 902, and a camera 903; One end of the extension frame 901 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the measuring tower 8, and the other end extends to the joint between the current section of the grid beam and the previous section of the grid beam. The lighting lamp 902 and the camera 903 are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the extension frame 901 for lighting and shooting data at the joint. The underwater visualization system 9 also includes an information processing module 904, which records the visual data collected by the camera 903 and communicates with the measurement system 10.

[0025] The underwater visualization system 9 addresses the limited field of view at joints in deep water. One end of the extension frame 901 is fixed to the lower part of the measuring tower 8, while the other end extends to the joint of the grid beam, ensuring that the lighting 902 and camera 903 can cover the measurement area at close range. The lighting 902 provides sufficient illumination for the dim underwater environment, solving the problem of blurred imaging caused by low underwater visibility. The symmetrically arranged cameras 903 can simultaneously collect visual data from both sides of the joint, comprehensively capturing details such as the width of the rail joint and misalignment. The information processing module 904 not only records the visual data collected by the camera 903 but also, through communication with the measuring system 10, achieves fusion analysis of visual data and total station measurement data, providing multi-dimensional data support for the accurate positioning of the grid beam in deep water.

[0026] In the preferred embodiment, a water level sensing contact 11 is provided on the measuring rod 6 of the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area, corresponding to the elevation of the measuring mark 3 of the rail 2 on the bank side of the corresponding segment. The water level sensing contact 11 is connected to the measuring system 10. The section of the grid beam 1 in the land area that is closest to the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area has an auxiliary measuring rod 12 at its seaside end, and an auxiliary prism 1201 is fixed at its top.

[0027] The water level sensing contact 11 is set on the measuring rod 6 at the elevation corresponding to the shore-side measurement mark 3. Its core function is to accurately determine the submersion status of the shore-side measurement mark 3 by checking whether it is wetted by water, providing an objective basis for the adaptive switching of the measurement scheme and avoiding subjective errors caused by manual judgment. The auxiliary measuring rod 12 is set at the seaside end of the grid beam 1 in the land area closest to the shallow water area. The auxiliary prism 1201 at the top of the auxiliary rod 1201 forms a cross-regional reference connection with the first prism 605 of the measuring rod 6 in the shallow water area. This ensures that the measurement data of the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area can be accurately aligned with the reference data in the land area, effectively controlling the accumulation of errors during the segmented installation process and improving the overall track alignment accuracy.

[0028] Example 2 Further explanation in conjunction with Example 1, such as Figure 1-9 As shown, a construction method for a comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device is provided, the method comprising: S1. Transfer of the grid beam: The pre-assembled grid beam 1 in the land area, grid beam 5 in the shallow water area, and grid beam 7 in the deep water area are transferred to the installation area using special lifting equipment. During the transportation process, the design installation slope of the grid beam is maintained by adjusting the length of the wire rope of the lifting equipment. The grid beam is supported by steel and timber to ensure the stability of the slope during transportation. S2. Measurement device installation: Install measurement markers 3 on the top of the shore rails 2 of the grid beam 1 in the land area and the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area; install the guide rod 6 at the seaside end of the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area; install the auxiliary guide rod 12 at the near-shallow water end of the grid beam 1 in the land area; install the measurement tower 8 and the underwater visualization system 9 at the seaside end of the grid beam 7 in the deep water area; deploy the total station 4 on the shore and complete the equipment calibration and communication connection. S3. Initial positioning of the grid beam: The crane vessel lifts the grid beam to the installation position, so that the new beam is misaligned with the already installed grid beam by no less than 30cm. Adjust the anchor chain and the boom amplitude to make them roughly collinear. Slowly lower it to about 20cm from the top of the pile cap and pause. Tighten the anchor chain to control the gap between the new beam and the already installed beam to the design requirements, and then lower it smoothly to the top of the pile cap. S4. Precise measurement and adjustment of zones: Using a total station 4 in conjunction with measurement markers 3, guide rods 6, auxiliary guide rods 12, measurement tower 8 and underwater visualization system 9, the coordinate measurement of the rails 2 of the grid beam in the land area, shallow water area and deep water area is completed, and the position of the grid beam is adjusted to the design requirements based on the measurement data. S5. Measurement device removal: After the well beam is repositioned and verified to be correct, the divers unhook it underwater and, with the help of a crane boat, remove the measuring tower 8, the pilot rod 6 and the auxiliary pilot rod 12, and transfer them to the next installation position. S6. Rail fixing: Divers reinforce and tighten the rail 2 pressure plate and anchor bolts at the rail joint and the connection position of the measuring device; S7. Track Inspection: The track installation accuracy is verified by testing the track by observing the swaying of the steel pipe at the top of the track. S8. Underwater node pouring: After the track inspection is qualified, steel bars are embedded between the reserved holes of the grid beam and the pile cap. Underwater concrete is poured in layers and compacted. Underwater mortar is used to fill the gap between the support steel plate and the grid beam legs.

[0029] This construction method strictly follows the construction logic of transportation, deployment, positioning, measurement, dismantling, fixing, testing, and pouring, forming a closed-loop control throughout the entire process to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of the grid beam installation. During the grid beam transportation phase, specialized lifting equipment maintains the designed installation slope of the grid beam by adjusting the length of the wire rope. Steel sections and timber supports further ensure slope stability during transportation, preventing component deformation or posture deviations caused by transportation, thus laying the foundation for subsequent installation and measurement. In the measurement device installation phase, deployment is completed in the order of marking, measuring components, measuring tower, and total station. Calibration and communication connection steps ensure that all measuring components are at a unified accuracy benchmark, avoiding the impact of equipment deviations on measurement results. In the initial positioning phase of the grid beam, preliminary alignment is achieved by controlling the planar misalignment distance, gap width, and lowering height between the new beam and the already installed beams, reducing the workload of subsequent fine-tuning, ensuring a smooth lowering process, and avoiding collision damage to the pile caps and grid beams.

[0030] In the preferred scheme, step S4, precise measurement and positioning of the zones, includes: S41. Land area measurement: Using the total station 4, directly aim at the measurement mark 3 at the top of the rail 2 of the grid beam 1 in the land area, collect the coordinate data of the rail 2, and use the coordinates of the grid beam 1 in the land area closest to the shallow water area as the reference data. S42. Shallow water area measurement: The total station 4 is simultaneously aimed at the measuring mark 3 on the bank side of the shallow water area grid beam 5 and the first prism 605 at the top of the guide rod 6, and two sets of coordinate data are collected. The data are compared and calibrated with the benchmark data of the land area. At the same time, the coordinates of the auxiliary prism 1201 at the top of the auxiliary guide rod 12 are measured to verify the connection accuracy between the shallow water area grid beam 5 and the land area grid beam 1. S43. Deep-water measurement: Adjust the number of intermediate sections 802 of the measuring tower 8 according to the water level, fill the water tank 805 with water to tension the steel wire rope 808 and the float 806, calibrate the axis of the steel wire rope 808 through the observation port 8091 of the column 809 and the scale 8092, measure the coordinates of the second prism 807 at the top of the measuring tower 8 with the total station 4, collect the visual data of the joint area with the camera 903 of the underwater visualization system 9, and combine the two to calculate the coordinates of the rail 2 of the grid beam 7 in the deep water area, and connect and calibrate the coordinates with the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area. S44. Fine-tuning principle: The precise positioning of the grid beam follows the principle of elevation first and then plane. First, the elevation of the grid beam is adjusted by using a crane boat and steel plates are laid to stabilize it. Then, the grid beam is lifted by 1-2cm and the plane position is adjusted to the design requirements using jacks.

[0031] In the preferred embodiment, step S4 of the shallow water area measurement also includes a measurement scheme switching operation based on the water level sensor contact 11: S421. Status determination: Before the measurement in shallow water, the signal is collected by the water level sensor contact 11 on the measuring rod 6. When the contact outputs a disconnect signal, it is determined that the shore measurement mark 3 is not submerged. When it outputs a conduction signal, it is determined that the mark 3 is submerged. S422. Measurement of unsubmerged scene: Synchronously collect the coordinate data of the measurement mark 3 and the first prism 605 at the top of the measuring rod 6. When the deviation meets the requirements, take the average value as the positioning basis. S423. Measurement of submerged scenes: Focus on collecting the coordinate data of the first prism 605 at the top of the measuring rod 6 and the auxiliary prism 1201 at the top of the auxiliary measuring rod 12. Combine the reference data of the land area to convert the coordinates of the rail 2 of the grid beam 5 in the shallow water area. Start the underwater visualization system 9 and collect the joint area data through the camera 903. Verify with the converted coordinates. If the deviation meets the requirements, the positioning is confirmed to be effective.

[0032] Precise measurement and repositioning by zone is the core of the entire construction method. It proceeds in the order of land area → shallow water area → deep water area, which conforms to the construction law of moving from simple to complex and from direct observation to indirect measurement. Onshore measurements use the coordinates of the grid beam closest to the shallow water area as the benchmark data, providing a unified calibration basis for subsequent sections and ensuring the continuity of the measurement benchmark. Shallow water measurements simultaneously collect coordinate data from the shore-side measurement marker 3 and the first prism 605 of the guide rod 6, and combine this with the connection verification of the auxiliary guide rod 12 and auxiliary prism 1201 to form multi-data cross-verification, improving the accuracy of shallow water measurements. Deep water measurements first adjust the number of intermediate sections 802 of the measurement tower 8 to match the water level, then fill the water tank 805 to tension the steel wire rope 808, use the observation port 8091 of the column 809 and the scale 8092 to calibrate the axis, and finally combine the measurement data of the total station 4 and the visual data of the underwater visualization system 9 to calculate the coordinates and achieve precise positioning in the deep water area. The principle of adjusting the elevation first and then the plane is determined based on the mechanical characteristics and construction convenience of the grid beam installation. The elevation is first adjusted by the crane and steel plates are laid for stability, and then the plane position is adjusted to avoid the failure of plane positioning due to elevation changes, which greatly improves the efficiency of fine adjustment.

[0033] The dismantling of the measuring device was carried out after the repositioning and verification of the grid beam were confirmed. Divers used underwater unhooking and crane vessels for transport, ensuring the reuse of reusable components such as measuring tower 8 and guide rod 6, thus reducing construction costs. For rail 2 fixing, divers reinforced the pressure plates and anchor bolts to lock the grid beam's installation position, preventing displacement during subsequent construction. The track inspection used a testing trolley identical to the designed trolley wheel hub. The swaying of the top steel pipe visually reflected the track smoothness, and the inspection results realistically simulated the actual vehicle operation, ensuring that the installation accuracy met usage requirements. In the underwater node pouring stage, underwater concrete was poured in layers and compacted, with gaps filled with underwater mortar. This ensured the stability of the connection between the grid beam and the pile cap, effectively preventing seawater erosion of the support steel plates and extending the service life of the slideway.

[0034] The measurement scheme switching operation based on the water level sensor contact 11 is an adaptive optimization measure designed for dynamic changes in water level in shallow water areas. The water level in the construction area is dynamically changing due to natural factors such as tides and rainfall. The water depth in the shallow water area is itself in the transition range between the land area and the deep water area, and the water level fluctuation is relatively large. The status determination is based on the conduction signal of the water level sensor contact 11 to objectively determine the submersion status of the shore-side measurement marker 3, avoiding the errors and lags of manual observation. In the unsubmerged scenario, the coordinate data of the measurement marker 3 and the first prism 605 are collected simultaneously and averaged to improve the measurement accuracy using dual measurement point data. In the submerged scenario, the prism data of the lead rod 6 and the auxiliary lead rod 12 are relied upon as the main source, combined with the coordinate conversion based on the land area benchmark, and the underwater visualization system 9 is activated to collect data of the joint area for verification. This ensures that even if the shore-side marker is submerged, accurate measurement results can still be obtained through multi-source data fusion, effectively addressing the measurement challenges brought about by water level fluctuations in shallow water areas. The entire process is closely integrated, with each step linked together. This ensures both measurement accuracy and installation quality, while also balancing construction efficiency and cost control. It is suitable for comb-type slideway beam installation projects under different water depth conditions.

[0035] Example 3 Further explanation based on Examples 1 and 2: The grid beams are transported in the prefabrication yard using a 120t gantry crane. A special grid beam lifting device is used for transport. The upper lifting lug of the device is connected to the hook of the gantry crane, and the lower lifting lug extends a wire rope to connect to the grid beam. During lifting, the wire rope of the upper lifting lug of the device is set to different lengths according to the 1:6 slope of the grid beam to ensure that the grid beam is consistent with the design state when it is lowered. When loading, the center of gravity of the grid beam is close to the center of gravity of the flatbed truck. Steel sections and timber are used as supports for the grid beam to ensure that the 1:6 slope is maintained during the transportation of the grid beam.

[0036] After the grid beam is transported to the installation location, the measuring tower is installed. A 50t truck crane is used to lift the measuring tower above the grid beam, and the measuring tower is bolted and fixed to the embedded parts of the grid beam track.

[0037] The underwater visualization measurement system mainly includes a waterproof binocular camera and lighting system, cables and their storage racks, an operating terminal, markers, and a camera bracket. The fixture is welded and fixed to the measurement tower, and the camera bracket is connected to the camera by bolts. The position and pitch angle of the camera on the fixture are adjustable to ensure that the camera can directly view the rail joint.

[0038] Before the initial positioning of the grid beam, steel shims are used to pre-adjust the elevation of the pile cap of the grid beam according to the pre-assembly parameters. The pre-adjustment follows the principle of reducing excess and increasing excess, raising the top elevation of the pile cap by 1-2mm based on the design.

[0039] The crane vessel first hoists the grid beam to the designated installation position, ensuring that the new beam is at least 30cm off-center from the existing grid beams installed on the shore side. Then, by adjusting the anchor chain and boom, the new grid beam is roughly aligned with the existing ones. During this process, the main and auxiliary hooks descend slowly at the same speed until the new beam is approximately 20cm from the top of the pile cap, at which point the descent is paused. Next, the crane vessel tightens the anchor chain towards the shore, gradually reducing the gap between the new beam and the previous one, precisely controlling the 2cm interval as designed. Finally, the descent continues slowly until the grid beam rests smoothly on top of the pile cap.

[0040] During the installation of the grid beams, it is essential to first ensure that the initial position of the grid beams is 1cm above the installation surface. Subsequently, data collection on the deviation of the grid beams is conducted. Simultaneously, the visualization system and the measuring tower operate synchronously to collect relevant data. The installation command center is responsible for comparing these data, with the visualization measurement results used as the master control data. Based on this master control data, the required adjustments to the elevation and horizontal position of the track joints and the sea-side track ends can be determined. Precise positioning of the grid beams follows the principle of elevation first, then horizontal positioning. A crane vessel is responsible for lifting the grid beams, adjusting their elevation, and laying steel plates underneath to ensure stability. Once this process is complete, the elevation positioning of the grid beams is achieved. After accurate elevation positioning, the grid beams are lifted again by 1-2cm, and then the horizontal position is adjusted using 3t jacks until the horizontal position is finalized. During this process, the system continuously collects spatial data of the grid beams and calculates the deviation using a specific algorithm. If the collected data, after review, does not meet the design requirements, adjustments must be made until all data meets the design requirements.

[0041] After the fine-tuning of the grid beam position was completed and the re-measurement was confirmed to be correct, the measuring tower was dismantled, the crane ship lowered its hook, and the divers unhooked underwater, connecting the crane hook to the crane lug of the measuring tower. A torque wrench was used to loosen the bolts between the measuring tower and the grid beam track, and the crane ship slowly lifted the hook, transporting the measuring tower to the next grid beam to be installed.

[0042] After the measuring tower and hanger were dismantled, the divers used nuts to reinforce and tighten the pressure plates and anchor bolts at the track joints and the connection between the measuring tower and the track.

[0043] After all the grid beams are installed, a test run is conducted using a testing trolley. The hub of the testing trolley is consistent with the hub of the design trolley of the track, and their external dimensions are similar to ensure that they can reflect the actual operation of the vehicle. A vertical steel pipe is installed on the top of the trolley. During the test run, the swaying of the steel pipe is monitored. The testing trolley is lowered to the bottom at the designed running speed and then raised. If there is no swaying of the steel pipe during the back and forth process, the installation accuracy of the grid beams meets the usage requirements.

[0044] After the track inspection was confirmed to be correct, steel bars were embedded between the pre-reserved holes in the grid beams and pile caps, and underwater C40 non-segregating concrete was poured. After the concrete was transported to the site, a 37m truck-mounted pump was used to pump it to the submarine. Divers loaded the concrete into bags on the submarine, carried them underwater to the holes, unpacked them, and poured the concrete. The concrete was poured in 60cm layers, compacted appropriately with steel bars. The gaps between the support steel plates and the grid beam legs were filled with underwater mortar to ensure the support steel plates were not corroded by seawater.

[0045] The traditional inverted frame combined with an underwater visualization camera was used to install the grid beams. Two measurement methods can be used to verify each other, resulting in higher measurement reliability. After testing, the accuracy of the rail joints of all 48 grid beams met the requirements.

[0046] The data of the grid beam obtained from the two measurement methods were analyzed and compared, and the data measured with a steel ruler was used as a benchmark for verification. The results showed that the measurement error of the measuring tower was between 0.3-3.6 mm, while the measurement error of the visualization camera was between 0.1-1.8 mm. The measuring tower, due to the need for a relatively high plumb line and the influence of sea wind and waves, has a certain degree of measurement error that is uncontrollable. Visual imaging measurement, on the other hand, can guarantee measurement accuracy as long as a clear image is obtained. Therefore, it is believed that visualization technology provides more intuitive measurement results during underwater component installation and can serve as a replacement for the traditional plumb line measurement method, thus accelerating the installation process.

[0047] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be limited to the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device, characterized in that: The slide lattice beams are divided into several sections from the shore to the sea: land area lattice beams (1), shallow water area lattice beams (5) and deep water area lattice beams (7). A total station (4) is installed on the extension line of the shore slide lattice beams. Measurement marks (3) are provided at the top of the rails (2) of the grid beam (1) in the land area; The steel rail (2) of the shallow water area grid beam (5) is marked with a measuring mark (3) at the top of the shore side and a vertical measuring rod (6) at the end on the sea side. The height of the measuring rod (6) is higher than the highest value of the construction water level. A vertical measuring tower (8) is provided at the seaside end of the deep-water grid beam (7). The height of the measuring tower (8) is higher than the highest value of the construction water level. An underwater visualization system (9) is provided on the front side of the measuring tower (8). The underwater visualization system (9) faces the joint between the grid beam segment and the previous grid beam segment.

2. The comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring rod (6) includes a measuring guide rod (601), a leveling device (602), an anchoring device (603), a horizontal bubble meter (604), and a first prism (605). The measuring guide rod (601) is vertically set by the leveling device (602) at its lower end and is detachably fixed to the rail (2) by the anchoring device (603). The measuring guide rod (601) has elevation scale lines and centerline scale lines along its length. A horizontal bubble meter (604) is provided in the middle of the rod, and a first prism (605) is provided at the top.

3. The comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring tower (8) includes a main structure of the measuring tower formed by sequentially splicing together a bottom fixing part (801), several intermediate sections (802) and a top section (803); An operating platform (804) is provided above the top section (803). Two sets of water tanks (805) are provided on both sides of the operating platform (804). A float (806) is provided inside the water tank (805). A second prism (807) is provided at the top of the float (806). One end of the wire rope (808) is connected to the rail (2), and the other end passes through the middle of the column (809) and is connected to the second prism (807).

4. The comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: An observation port (8091) is provided at the top of the column (809), and the observation port (8091) faces the measurement direction of the total station (4); A scale (8092) is provided on the outer surface of the column (809) below the observation port (8091) along the length direction for the initial adjustment and calibration of the wire rope (808).

5. The comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The installation height of the two water tanks (805) is the same.

6. The comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The underwater visualization system (9) includes an extension frame (901), a lighting lamp (902), and a camera (903); One end of the extension frame (901) is fixedly connected to the lower part of the measuring tower (8), and the other end extends to the joint between the current section of the grid beam and the previous section of the grid beam. The lighting lamp (902) and the camera (903) are symmetrically arranged at the front end of the extension frame (901) for lighting and shooting at the joint. The underwater visualization system (9) also includes an information processing module (904) for recording visual data collected by the camera (903) and communicating with the measurement system (10).

7. The comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the measuring rod (6) of the grid beam (5) in the shallow water area, a water level sensing contact (11) is provided at the elevation of the measuring mark (3) of the rail (2) on the bank side of the corresponding segment. The water level sensing contact (11) is connected to the measuring system (10) for communication. The section of the lattice beam (1) in the land area closest to the lattice beam (5) in the shallow water area is equipped with an auxiliary measuring rod (12) at its seaside end, and an auxiliary prism (1201) is fixed at its top.

8. A construction method for a comb-type sliding track grid beam installation measuring device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. Transfer of the grid beam: The pre-assembled grid beams (1) in the land area, (5) in the shallow water area and (7) in the deep water area are transferred to the installation area using special lifting equipment. During the transportation process, the design installation slope of the grid beam is maintained by adjusting the length of the wire rope of the lifting equipment. The grid beams are supported by steel sections and timber to ensure that the slope is stable during the transportation process. S2. Installation of measuring devices: Install measuring marks (3) on the top of the shore rails (2) of the grid beams (1) in the land area and the grid beams (5) in the shallow water area; install the measuring rod (6) at the seaside end of the grid beams (5) in the shallow water area; install the auxiliary measuring rod (12) at the near-shallow end of the grid beams (1) in the land area; install the measuring tower (8) and underwater visualization system (9) at the seaside end of the grid beams (7) in the deep water area; deploy the total station (4) on the shore and complete the equipment calibration and communication connection. S3. Initial positioning of the grid beam: The crane vessel lifts the grid beam to the installation position, so that the new beam is misaligned with the already installed grid beam by no less than 30cm. Adjust the anchor chain and the boom amplitude to make them roughly collinear. Slowly lower it to about 20cm from the top of the pile cap and pause. Tighten the anchor chain to control the gap between the new beam and the already installed beam to the design requirements, and then lower it smoothly to the top of the pile cap. S4. Precise measurement and adjustment of the zone: Using a total station (4) in conjunction with measurement markers (3), guide rods (6), auxiliary guide rods (12), measurement towers (8) and underwater visualization system (9), the coordinate measurement of the rails (2) of the grid beams in the land area, shallow water area and deep water area is completed, and the position of the grid beams is adjusted to the design requirements according to the measurement data. S5. Removal of measuring device: After the well beam is repositioned and verified to be correct, the diver unhooks underwater and removes the measuring tower (8), measuring rod (6) and auxiliary measuring rod (12) with the help of a crane boat, and transports them to the next installation position; S6. Rail fixing: Divers reinforce and tighten the rail (2) pressure plate and anchor bolts at the rail joint and the connection position of the measuring device; S7. Track Inspection: The track installation accuracy is verified by testing the track by observing the swaying of the steel pipe at the top of the track. S8. Underwater node pouring: After the track inspection is qualified, steel bars are embedded between the reserved holes of the grid beam and the pile cap. Underwater concrete is poured in layers and compacted. Underwater mortar is used to fill the gap between the support steel plate and the grid beam legs.

9. The construction method of the comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Step S4 In this process, precise measurement and repositioning of zones includes: S41. Land area measurement: The total station (4) is used to directly aim at the measurement mark (3) at the top of the rail (2) of the grid beam (1) in the land area, and the coordinate data of the rail (2) is collected. The coordinates of the grid beam (1) in the land area closest to the shallow water area are used as the reference data. S42. Shallow water area measurement: The total station (4) simultaneously aims at the first prism (605) at the top of the shore measurement mark (3) of the shallow water area grid beam (5) and the guide rod (6), collects two sets of coordinate data, compares and calibrates with the land area benchmark data, and at the same time measures the coordinates of the auxiliary prism (1201) at the top of the auxiliary guide rod (12) to verify the connection accuracy between the shallow water area grid beam (5) and the land area grid beam (1); S43, Deep water area measurement: Adjust the number of intermediate sections (802) of the measuring tower (8) according to the water level, fill the water tank (805) with water to tension the steel wire rope (808) and float (806), calibrate the axis of the steel wire rope (808) through the observation port (8091) of the column (809) and the scale (8092), measure the coordinates of the second prism (807) at the top of the measuring tower (8) with the total station (4), collect the visual data of the joint area by the camera (903) of the underwater visualization system (9), combine the two to calculate the coordinates of the rail (2) of the grid beam (7) in the deep water area, and connect and calibrate with the coordinates of the grid beam (5) in the shallow water area; S44. Fine-tuning principle: The precise positioning of the grid beam follows the principle of elevation first and then plane. First, the elevation of the grid beam is adjusted by using a crane boat and steel plates are laid to stabilize it. Then, the grid beam is lifted by 1-2cm and the plane position is adjusted to the design requirements using jacks.

10. The construction method of the comb-type slide rail grid beam installation measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Step S4, shallow water area measurement, also includes a measurement scheme switching operation based on the water level sensor contact (11): S421, Status determination: Before the measurement in the shallow water area, the signal is collected by the water level sensor contact (11) on the measuring rod (6). When the contact outputs a disconnect signal, it is determined that the shore measurement mark (3) is not submerged. When it outputs a conduction signal, it is determined that the mark (3) is submerged. S422, Measurement of unsubmerged scene: Synchronously collect the coordinate data of the measurement mark (3) and the first prism (605) at the top of the measuring rod (6), and take the average value as the positioning basis when the deviation meets the requirements; S423. Measurement of submerged scene: Focus on collecting the coordinate data of the first prism (605) at the top of the guide rod (6) and the auxiliary prism (1201) at the top of the auxiliary guide rod (12). Combine the reference data of the land area to convert the coordinates of the rail (2) of the grid beam (5) in the shallow water area. Start the underwater visualization system (9) and collect the joint area data through the camera (903). Verify with the converted coordinates. If the deviation meets the requirements, confirm that the positioning is effective.

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