Field data acquisition device and acquisition method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of collecting device, especially a kind of field data collecting device and collecting method, to solve the problem that the plant fragments after cutting are easy to scatter, affect the collection efficiency, need to replace the collection tool and container repeatedly and lack effective sample classification and storage mechanism, the device includes movable base, there is through cylinder in it, cylinder slidingly penetrates two cutting blades, movable base top has fixed sealing ring, ring inside adapter rotary ring is provided with driving structure to make cylinder lower cage cover plant, cutting structure drives cutting blade to cut plant, collection structure collects plant fragments, rotation structure replaces collection tank when lowering platform lowers, collecting method drives cutting blade to cut plant by cylinder rotation, vacuum pump sucks fragments into collection tank, and also can use crushing plate to crush soil and suck into collection, the device can accurately collect sample, reduce cost and improve data accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of data acquisition technology, and in particular to a field data acquisition device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Geographic information is the geographical meaning contained and expressed by geographic data. It is the general term for numbers, texts, images, and graphics related to the quantity, quality, properties, distribution characteristics, relationships, and laws of substances related to geographic environmental elements. In order to improve the utilization rate of land resources, it is necessary to collect geographic information data for analysis, so as to facilitate the rational utilization and protection of land resources in subsequent land development.

[0003] Field geographic information data collection requires gathering various types of data, such as air quality, water quality, heavy metals, biodiversity, and plant community dynamics. However, this data collection is very tedious, requiring a large amount of data and significantly increasing costs. This geographic information can be obtained by collecting and analyzing plant samples.

[0004] Traditional collection methods often involve using simple tools such as scissors and shovels to collect plants and soil separately.

[0005] However, this traditional method has many limitations. In terms of plant collection, when plants are manually cut with scissors, the resulting fragments are easily scattered, increasing the difficulty and time cost of collection. Furthermore, for different plant species and growth stages, it is difficult to standardize the collection process manually, affecting collection efficiency.

[0006] For plant and soil samples from different locations, it is necessary to repeatedly change collection tools and containers, which greatly increases the cost of data collection and is also prone to sample confusion, affecting the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0007] In addition, the lack of an effective sample classification and storage mechanism during the collection process makes it easy for different samples to be confused, which is not conducive to subsequent classification, processing and analysis.

[0008] Therefore, developing a field data collection device that can simultaneously, efficiently, and accurately collect plant and soil samples, and has sample classification and storage functions, is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing methods for collecting plant data, such as the easy scattering of cut plant fragments, which affects collection efficiency, the need to repeatedly change collection tools and containers, and the lack of effective sample classification and storage mechanisms. Therefore, this invention proposes a field data collection device and method.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A field data acquisition device, comprising:

[0012] A movable base with a cylindrical body running through it;

[0013] Two cutting blades slide through the cylinder to chop the plant;

[0014] A fixed sealing ring is fixed to the top of the movable base by a support plate, and a rotating ring is rotatably connected inside it.

[0015] The drive structure includes multiple fixed rods fixed to the top of the movable base, and a lifting platform slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed rods, used to drive the cylinder to move down to cover the plants;

[0016] The shredding structure includes a fixed disc sleeved on the outer wall of the cylinder, used to drive the cutting blade to move toward the center of the cylinder;

[0017] The collection structure includes multiple collection slots located on the outer wall of the rotating ring for collecting chopped plants;

[0018] The rotating structure includes multiple fixed plates fixed to one side of the rotating ring, which are used to drive the rotating ring to rotate to switch the collection tank when the lifting platform moves down.

[0019] In one possible design, as a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0020] The driving structure also includes:

[0021] An electric push rod fixed to the top of a movable base has its output shaft connected to the bottom of the lifting platform;

[0022] A beveled toothed ring is rotatably connected to the top of the movable base, and is fitted onto the outer wall of the cylinder through a sliding groove;

[0023] The drive motor, fixed to the top of the movable base, has a bevel gear fixed to its output shaft that meshes with a bevel gear ring;

[0024] Among them, after the electric push rod drives the lifting platform and the cylinder to move down to cover the plants, the drive motor drives the cylinder to rotate through the bevel gear ring and bevel gear.

[0025] In one possible design, the shredding structure further includes:

[0026] Two counterweights are slidably mounted on the top of the fixed plate and located on both sides of the cylinder;

[0027] Two guide rods are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate via a base and are located on both sides of the cylinder;

[0028] Two sliding seats are slidably fitted onto the outer wall of the guide rod, and their bottoms are connected to the top of the cutting blade.

[0029] Spring I is sleeved on the outer wall of the guide rod, with its two ends connected to the sliding seat and the base, respectively.

[0030] Two traction ropes, one end connected to the counterweight, the other end passing through the fixed plate and connecting to the sliding seat;

[0031] When the cylinder rotates, the centrifugal force of the counterweight is greater than that of the sliding seat and the cutting blade. In one possible design, the counterweight pulls the cutting blade toward the center of the cylinder to chop the plants via a traction rope.

[0032] In one possible design, the weight of the counterweight is greater than the combined weight of the slide and the cutting blade.

[0033] The collection structure also includes:

[0034] A cylindrical tube located inside a rotating ring is rotated, with one side of it fixed to the top of a movable base via a support frame.

[0035] A vacuum pump fixed to the top of a movable base has its air inlet connected to a cylindrical tube via an air duct.

[0036] Ventilation holes located on the side of the cylindrical tube closest to the tube body;

[0037] The exhaust vents located on the inner wall of the collection tank work in conjunction with the ventilation holes to generate negative pressure;

[0038] A through hole I is fixed to the side of the fixed sealing ring near the cylinder, and a flexible hose is installed inside it, with the bottom end of the hose extending into the cylinder;

[0039] When the vacuum pump is started, the chopped plants are sucked into the collection tank through a hose.

[0040] In one possible design, a guide ring is fixed to the inner wall of the top of the cylinder, the inner diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter of the hose, for guiding plant fragments into the hose.

[0041] The collection trough is equipped with a perforated plate for separating plant fragments of different sizes;

[0042] An inclined panel is fixed inside the cylindrical tube for stacking small fragments.

[0043] In one possible design, the rotating structure further includes:

[0044] A vertical rod fixed to the side of the lifting platform near the fixed sealing ring;

[0045] Two fixed bases are fixed to one side of the vertical rod;

[0046] A rotating shaft is rotatably connected between two fixed bases;

[0047] A fixed actuating plate sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft;

[0048] A limiting block fixed to one side of the vertical rod is used to limit the movement of the toggle plate;

[0049] Two torsion springs are fitted onto the outer wall of the rotating shaft, with their ends connected to a lever plate and a fixed base, respectively.

[0050] When the lifting platform moves down, the actuating plate pushes the fixed plate to drive the rotating ring to rotate under the action of the torsion spring, so that the unloaded collection tank is aligned with the hose.

[0051] In one possible design, the bottom of the fixed sealing ring is snapped with a removable sealing cap for sealing or opening the collection trough.

[0052] One possible design also includes:

[0053] Two positioning pins I fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder;

[0054] Two movable plates are located inside the cylinder, and their interiors have insertion slots for engaging with positioning pin I.

[0055] A magnet block is embedded in the movable plate on the side away from the cylinder.

[0056] The through hole in the movable plate slides with the cutting blade;

[0057] Circular grooves located at the top and bottom of the through hole;

[0058] Positioning pin II, which is slidably disposed within the circular groove;

[0059] The positioning grooves located at the top and bottom of the cutting blade are engaged with the positioning pin II.

[0060] An electromagnet fixed to the positioning pin II and the inner wall of the circular groove;

[0061] A tension spring connecting the locating pin II to the inner wall of the circular groove;

[0062] A sliding break plate is installed in the groove at the bottom of the movable plate;

[0063] Spring II connecting the crushing plate and the top wall of the chute;

[0064] A fixed baffle plate fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder;

[0065] When the electromagnet is energized, the positioning pin II is inserted into the positioning groove to fix the cutting blade and the movable plate, and the cutting blade drives the crushing plate to crush the soil; when the electromagnet is de-energized, the tension spring pulls the positioning pin II out of the positioning groove.

[0066] This application discloses a data acquisition method for a field data acquisition device, comprising the following steps:

[0067] S1. Movement and Recognition: Drives the movable base to move in the field and uses a camera to capture plant information;

[0068] S2. Plant Covering and Chopping: Move the sampling tube above the target plant and lower it to cover it; start the drive motor to drive the sampling tube to rotate, use centrifugal force to move the counterweight outward, and pull the cutting blade inward to rotate through the traction rope to chop the plant;

[0069] S3, Debris Vacuum Collection: The vacuum pump is started simultaneously, and shredded plant material is sucked in through the path formed by the connecting hose, through hole, collection tank, exhaust hole and ventilation hole; the perforated plate blocks large fragments, and small fragments are sucked into the internal cylinder and accumulated.

[0070] S4. Reset and Sample Switching: After collection, the sampling tube, lifting platform, linkage rod and toggle plate are moved upward; the toggle plate rotates under the action of the fixed block, and returns to its original position under the reset spring after moving past; when needed, the bottom cover is opened to let out fragments.

[0071] S5, Soil Collection Mode: When soil needs to be collected, energizing the electromagnet generates a repulsive force that causes the movable positioning pins to move towards each other; as the sampling tube rotates, the cutting blade moves inward through the movable positioning pin and inserts the locking movable plate when aligned with the positioning slot of the movable plate; the cutting blade continues to move inward to disengage the movable plate from the fixed baffle, triggering the pop-out spring to pop the crushing plate out of the storage slot; the sampling tube is rotated to break the soil using the crushing plate.

[0072] S6. Soil collection and resetting: The vacuum pump sucks in the broken soil; after completion, the cutting blade drives the movable plate to reset, and the inclined surface of the fixed baffle drives the broken plate to retract; the electromagnet is de-energized, and the reset spring pulls back the movable positioning pin to unlock; the movable plate is stabilized on the inner wall of the sampling tube by the magnetic suction component and the fixed pin.

[0073] Beneficial effects: In this invention, two counterweights slide on the top of the fixed plate, and a sliding seat is slidably mounted on the bottom of the fixed plate via a guide rod. The bottom of the sliding seat is fixedly connected to the top of the cutting blade, and a traction rope is fixed between the counterweights and the corresponding sliding seats. The cylinder drives the fixed plate to rotate, and the weight of the counterweights is greater than the weight of the sliding seats and the cutting blades. Under the action of centrifugal force, the counterweights move outward, and the counterweights pull the cutting blades towards the center via the traction ropes. Thus, the rotating cutting blades can chop the plants inside the cylinder.

[0074] In this invention, a cylindrical tube rotates inside the rotating ring. The cylindrical tube is fixed to the top of the movable base by a support frame. A ventilation hole is provided on the side of the cylindrical tube near the tube body. Exhaust holes are provided on the inner walls of the multiple collection tanks on the sides close to each other. A through hole I is provided on the side of the fixed sealing ring near the tube body. The through hole I is connected to the tube body by a flexible hose. The vacuum pump sucks the chopped plant into the collection tank through the cooperation of the ventilation hole, exhaust hole, collection tank, through hole I and flexible hose. The perforated plate can block large plant fragments, while small plant fragments are sucked into the cylindrical tube, which can store different plant fragments separately.

[0075] In this invention, the two fixed bases are connected by the same rotating shaft. A toggle plate is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft. A limit block is fixed on one side of the vertical rod, and multiple fixed plates are fixed on one side of the rotating ring. When the cylinder moves down and plants are collected, the torsion spring cooperates with the adjacent fixed plate under the restriction of the limit block and drives the rotating ring to rotate through the fixed plate. When the toggle plate disengages from the fixed plate, the collection slots in the rotating ring that are already filled with plants move down, while the collection slots that are not filled with plants align with the through hole I and the hose, which facilitates the collection of plants again later. Adjusting the position of the collection slots facilitates the separate collection of different samples.

[0076] In this invention, the movable plate has a through hole that slides with the cutting blade, and two circular grooves are slidably connected with positioning pins II. The top and bottom of the cutting blade are each provided with a positioning groove. An electromagnet is fixed to the end of the positioning pin II away from the cutting blade and to one side of the inner wall of the circular groove. A crushing plate is slidably connected to the groove, and a fixing baffle is fixed to one side of the inner wall of the cylinder. When the electromagnets are energized, the two electromagnets generate a repulsive force. When the cutting blade extends into the cylinder, the positioning pins II are inserted into the positioning grooves under the repulsive force, thus fixing the movable plate and the cutting blade. Then, the cutting blade drives the movable plate to move towards the center. After the movable plate detaches from the fixing baffle, the cylinder rotates via the cutting blade, driving the movable plate and the crushing plate to rotate. The crushing plate can crush the soil inside the cylinder, facilitating subsequent soil testing. This invention integrates soil and plant sample collection, providing comprehensive functionality.

[0077] In this invention, the rotating cylinder drives the counterweight, and centrifugal force is used to chop the plants with the cutting blade. The operation is simple and the cutting is precise. The vacuum pump, together with ventilation holes and exhaust holes, can effectively suck the plant fragments into the collection tank. The perforated plate can separate fragments of different sizes for easy processing. The rotating structure, with the help of a torsion spring and a toggle plate, automatically changes the collection tank when the cylinder moves down, improving the collection efficiency. In addition, the device can also control the movable plate to connect with the cutting blade through an electromagnet, so that the crushing plate crushes the soil and sucks it in for collection, realizing the precise collection of plant and soil samples, reducing data collection costs and improving data reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0078] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0079] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention.

[0080] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional exploded structural diagram of the cylinder, bevel ring, and bevel gear of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0081] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the cylinder and fixing plate of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0082] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the counterweight, cutting blade, and traction rope of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention.

[0083] Figure 6 A three-dimensional exploded view of the rotating shaft, actuating plate, and fixing plate of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0084] Figure 7 A three-dimensional exploded structural diagram of the fixed sealing ring, rotating ring, and cylindrical tube of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0085] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of the cylindrical tube, rotating ring, and fixed sealing ring of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0086] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the cylindrical tube and inclined panel of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention.

[0087] Figure 10 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the cutting blade and movable plate of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention;

[0088] Figure 11 A three-dimensional exploded view of the cutting blade, magnet block, and movable plate of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention.

[0089] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional structural diagram of the movable plate of a field data acquisition device provided by the present invention.

[0090] In the diagram: 1. Movable base; 2. Fixed rod; 3. Lifting platform; 4. Electric push rod; 5. Camera; 6. Cylinder; 7. Bevel gear ring; 8. Drive motor; 9. Bevel gear; 10. Fixed plate; 11. Guide rod; 12. Sliding seat; 13. Spring I; 14. Cutting blade; 15. Traction rope; 16. Counterweight; 17. Guide wheel; 18. Flow guide ring; 19. Fixed sealing ring; 20. Through hole I; 21. Rotating ring; 22. Collection trough; 23. Perforated plate; 24. Exhaust hole; 25. Cylindrical cylinder; 26. Ventilation hole; 27. 1. Support frame; 28. Vacuum pump; 29. ​​Hoses; 30. Inclined panel; 31. Fixing plate; 32. Vertical rod; 33. Fixing base; 34. Rotating shaft; 35. Actuating plate; 36. Torsion spring; 37. Limiting block; 38. Movable plate; 39. Magnet block; 40. Positioning pin I; 41. Insertion slot; 42. Through hole; 43. Circular groove; 44. Positioning pin II; 45. Tension spring; 46. Electromagnet; 47. Positioning groove; 48. Slide groove; 49. Breaking plate; 50. Spring II; 51. Fixing baffle; 52. Sealing cover. Detailed Implementation

[0091] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0092] In one embodiment: Refer to Figures 1-9 This invention relates to the field of data collection devices. The device mainly comprises a movable base 1, a drive structure, a chopping structure, a collection structure, a rotating structure, and other auxiliary components. These structures work together to achieve automated collection, chopping, sorting, and storage of wild plants and soil.

[0093] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The movable base 1 serves as the fundamental support structure of the entire device. Made of high-strength alloy material, it possesses excellent stability and resistance to deformation. A cylindrical body 6, made of stainless steel with a wall thickness of 2-3 mm, runs through the movable base 1 to ensure sufficient strength and durability. Two cutting blades 14, made of sharp stainless steel with a thickness of 1-1.5 mm, slide through the cylindrical body 6 to chop the plants inside. A fixed sealing ring 19 is fixed to the top of the movable base 1 via a support plate. A rotating ring 21, made of high-strength plastic, is rotatably connected within the fixed sealing ring 19 to reduce the overall weight of the device.

[0094] Reference Figures 1-3The drive structure is used to drive the cylinder 6 downwards to cover the plants, facilitating the cutting blades 14 to chop the plants, and simultaneously providing driving force for the chopping structure. The drive structure includes multiple fixed rods 2, made of stainless steel, four of which are evenly distributed on the top of the movable base 1. A lifting platform 3, made of aluminum alloy and 5-8mm thick, is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the multiple fixed rods 2, allowing it to slide smoothly on the fixed rods 2.

[0095] Reference Figures 1-3 The drive structure also includes an electric push rod 4 fixed to the top of the movable base 1. The model of the electric push rod 4 is selected according to the actual load and stroke requirements of the device, and its output shaft is fixedly connected to the bottom of the lifting platform 3. The electric push rod 4 drives the cylinder 6 to move down to cover the plants. The top of the cylinder 6 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the lifting platform 3 to ensure that the cylinder 6 can rotate freely during the downward movement. A bevel gear ring 7 is rotatably connected to the top of the movable base 1. The bevel gear ring 7 is slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the cylinder 6 through a sliding groove and a slider. The matching accuracy of the sliding groove and the slider is ±0.05mm to ensure smooth relative movement between the bevel gear ring 7 and the cylinder 6. A drive motor 8 is fixed to the top of the movable base 1. The power of the drive motor 8 is selected according to the working requirements of the device, and its output shaft is fixed with a bevel gear 9 that meshes with the bevel gear ring 7.

[0096] During operation, the output shaft of the electric push rod 4 drives the lifting platform 3 and the cylinder 6 to move downwards, with the cylinder 6 covering the plants. Then, the drive motor 8 drives the cylinder 6 to rotate through the cooperation of the bevel gear ring 7 and the bevel gear 9. The cylinder 6 drives the cutting blade 14 to rotate, thereby chopping the plants for later collection.

[0097] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The chopping structure drives the cutting blade 14 to extend into the cylinder 6 to chop the plants. The chopping structure includes a fixed plate 10, made of stainless steel, which is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the cylinder 6 and located below the movable base 1. Two counterweights 16 slide on top of the fixed plate 10. The weight of the counterweights 16 is greater than the combined weight of the sliding seat 12 and the cutting blade 14; the specific weight is determined based on the size of the device and the operational requirements. The two counterweights 16 are located on both sides of the cylinder 6. Two guide rods 11, made of stainless steel, are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate 10 via the base and are located on both sides of the cylinder 6. Sliding seats 12, made of high-strength plastic, are slidably sleeved on the outer walls of both guide rods 11, allowing them to slide smoothly on the guide rods 11. A spring I 13 is fitted onto the outer wall of the guide rod 11. Spring I 13 is a stainless steel tension spring with the following parameters: wire diameter 0.8-1.2mm, outer diameter 8-12mm, free length 50-80mm, and spring constant 2-5N / mm. Both ends of spring I 13 are fixedly connected to the sliding seat 12 and the base respectively via spring seats, and are used to drive the sliding seat 12 to move outwards. The bottoms of the two sliding seats 12 are fixedly connected to the tops of the two cutting blades 14 respectively. Traction ropes 15, made of high-strength nylon rope, are fixed to the sides of the two counterweights 16 that are close to each other. The bottom ends of the two traction ropes 15 pass through the fixed plate 10 and are fixedly connected to one side of the corresponding sliding seat 12, and are used to pull the cutting blades 14 towards the center via the traction ropes 15 when the counterweights 16 move outwards. The top and bottom of the fixed plate 10 are equipped with two guide wheels 17. The guide wheels 17 are made of plastic, and the two adjacent guide wheels 17 are used to guide the traction rope 15 to ensure the accurate movement trajectory of the traction rope 15.

[0098] When the cylinder 6 drives the fixed plate 10 to rotate, the weight of the counterweight 16 is greater than the weight of the sliding seat 12 and the cutting blade 14. Under the action of centrifugal force, the counterweight 16 moves outward. The counterweight 16 pulls the cutting blade 14 towards the center through the traction rope 15, and the rotating cutting blade 14 can then chop the plants inside the cylinder 6.

[0099] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figures 7-9The collection structure is used to collect the shredded plants from the cutting blade 14 and collect different plants in different collection troughs 22. The collection structure includes multiple collection troughs 22, made of plastic, arranged on the outer wall of the rotating ring 21, numbering 6-9 and evenly distributed. The collection structure also includes a cylindrical tube 25 rotating within the rotating ring 21, made of stainless steel. A support frame 27 is fixed to one side of the cylindrical tube 25 and is fixed to the top of the movable base 1 to ensure the stability of the cylindrical tube 25. A vacuum pump 28 is fixed to the top of the movable base 1. The power of the vacuum pump 28 is selected according to the suction requirements of the device, and its air inlet is fixedly connected to the cylindrical tube 25 via an air duct. A ventilation hole 26 is provided on the side of the cylindrical tube 25 near the tube body 6. Exhaust holes 24 are provided on the inner walls of the multiple collection tanks 22 on the sides close to each other. The exhaust holes 24 cooperate with the ventilation holes 26 to create negative pressure within the collection tanks 22, drawing plant fragments into them. A through hole I 20 is provided on the side of the fixed sealing ring 19 near the tube body 6, and the through hole I 20 cooperates with the collection tank 22. A flexible hose 29, made of rubber, is fixed inside the through hole I 20. The bottom end of the flexible hose 29 is fixedly inserted through the lifting platform 3 and extends rotatably into the tube body 6, used to draw shredded plant fragments from the tube body 6 into the collection tank 22.

[0100] Reference Figures 7-9 A perforated plate 23, made of stainless steel, is fixed inside the collection trough 22. The perforated plate has holes of 2-3 mm in diameter and is used to separate large plant fragments from small plant fragments. An inclined panel 30, also made of stainless steel, is fixed inside the cylindrical tube 25. The inclined panel 30 has an inclination angle of 30-45° and is used to pile small plant fragments to one side. A sealing cap 52 is snapped onto the bottom of the fixing sealing ring 19 and engages with the collection trough 22. Removing the sealing cap 52 from the fixing sealing ring 19 releases the seal on the collection trough 22, allowing the collected plant fragments to be removed.

[0101] When the cutting blade 14 shreds the plants inside the cylinder 6, the vacuum pump 28 is activated. The vacuum pump 28 draws the shredded plants into the collection tank 22 through the cooperation of the ventilation hole 26, exhaust hole 24, collection tank 22, through hole I 20, and hose 29. The perforated plate 23 can block large plant fragments, while small plant fragments are drawn into the cylindrical cylinder 25 and piled to one side under the action of the inclined panel 30, making it easier to remove the small plant fragments later.

[0102] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 6The rotating structure drives the rotating ring 21 to rotate when the lifting platform 3 moves downward, thus replacing the collection tank 22. The rotating structure includes multiple fixing plates 31 fixed to one side of the rotating ring 21, with the number and position of the fixing plates 31 corresponding to the collection tank 22, and the number being 6-9. The rotating structure also includes a vertical rod 32 fixed to the side of the lifting platform 3 near the fixing sealing ring 19, the vertical rod 32 being made of stainless steel. Two fixing bases 33, made of aluminum alloy, are fixed to one side of the vertical rod 32, and the two fixing bases 33 rotate on the same rotating shaft 34, made of stainless steel. A toggle plate 35, made of high-strength plastic, is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34. A limit block 37 is fixed to one side of the vertical rod 32 to limit the movement of the toggle plate 35, and the limit block 37, in cooperation with the toggle plate 35, can drive the rotating ring 21 to rotate via the fixing plates 31. Two torsion springs 36 are fitted on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 34. The torsion springs 36 are made of stainless steel and have the following parameters: wire diameter 0.6-1mm, outer diameter 8-12mm, number of coils 5-8, and torque 1-3N·m. The ends of the two torsion springs 36 that are close to each other are fixedly connected to the two sides of the actuating plate 35 through spring seats, and the ends of the torsion springs 36 that are away from the actuating plate 35 are fixedly connected to the corresponding fixed base 33 through spring seats.

[0103] When the cylinder 6 moves downward and plants are collected, the torsion spring 36, under the restriction of the limiting block 37, cooperates with the adjacent fixed plate 31 and drives the rotating ring 21 to rotate through the fixed plate 31. After the actuating plate 35 disengages from the fixed plate 31, the collection groove 22 in the rotating ring 21 that already contains plants moves downward, while the collection groove 22 that does not contain plants aligns with the through hole I 20 and the hose 29, facilitating the collection of plants again later.

[0104] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 A camera 5 is fixed to the top of the lifting platform 3. The camera 5 is a high-definition industrial camera, and the resolution is selected according to actual needs. It is used to capture the types of wild plants, their growth status, and their distribution, facilitating later analysis of the field data. A guide ring 18 is fixed to the inner wall of the top of the cylinder 6. The guide ring 18 is made of plastic, and its inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the hose 29. It is used to guide plant fragments inside the cylinder 6 into the hose 29 through the guide ring 18, preventing plant fragments from remaining inside the cylinder 6 and affecting the later collection of plant fragments.

[0105] In another embodiment: Refer to Figure 10 and Figure 11An improvement upon Example 1 is made as follows: Two positioning pins I40 are fixed to the inner walls of both sides of the cylindrical body 6 that are far apart from each other. The positioning pins I40 are made of stainless steel and have a diameter of 3-5 mm. Two movable plates 38 are provided inside the cylindrical body 6. Each movable plate 38 has two insertion slots 41, which engage with the corresponding positioning pins I40 to place the movable plate 38 inside the cylindrical body 6. A magnetic block 39 is fixedly embedded on the far side of each of the two movable plates 38, and the magnetic block 39 generates a magnetic attraction with the cylindrical body 6 to increase the stability of the movable plate 38 within the cylindrical body 6.

[0106] Reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 Both movable plates 38 have through holes 42, which slide in conjunction with the cutting blade 14. The top and bottom inner walls of the through holes 42 have circular grooves 43, and each circular groove 43 has a slidably connected positioning pin II 44 made of stainless steel. The top and bottom of the cutting blade 14 have positioning grooves 47, which insert into the positioning pins II 44 to fix the cutting blade 14 to the movable plates 38. An electromagnet 46 is fixed to one end of the positioning pin II 44 away from the cutting blade 14 and to one inner wall of the circular groove 43. The two electromagnets 46 generate a repulsive force, and the parameters of the electromagnets 46 are selected according to actual requirements. A tension spring 45 is fixed between the end of the positioning pin II 44 away from the cutting blade 14 and the inner wall of one side of the circular groove 43 via a spring seat. The tension spring 45 is a stainless steel tension spring with the following parameters: wire diameter 0.5-0.8mm, outer diameter 6-10mm, free length 30-50mm, and spring constant 1-3N / mm. It is used to pull the positioning pin II 44 into the circular groove 43. The repulsive force between the two electromagnets 46 is greater than the tension of the tension spring 45.

[0107] Reference Figure 11 and Figure 12 The bottom of the movable plate 38 is provided with a groove 48, and a crushing plate 49 for crushing soil is slidably connected in the groove 48. The crushing plate 49 is made of high-strength alloy material. A spring II 50 is fixedly connected between the top of the crushing plate 49 and the top inner wall of the groove 48 through a spring seat. The spring II 50 is a stainless steel tension spring with the following parameters: wire diameter 0.6-1mm, outer diameter 8-12mm, free length 40-60mm, and spring constant 2-4N / mm. It is used to push the crushing plate 49 out of the groove 48. Fixed baffles 51 are fixed on the inner walls of the cylinder 6 on the opposite sides to support the bottom of the movable plate 38. One side of the crushing plate 49 is provided with an inclined surface, and the fixed baffles 51 cooperate with the inclined surface to squeeze the crushing plate 49 into the groove 48 when the movable plate 38 moves outward.

[0108] During soil collection, electromagnet 46 is energized, and adjacent electromagnets 46 generate repulsive force, causing adjacent positioning pins II 44 to move closer together. As the cylinder 6 rotates, the counterweight 16 pulls the cutting blade 14 towards the center via the traction rope 15, and the cutting blade 14 passes through both positioning pins II 44. When the positioning pins II 44 are aligned with the positioning grooves 47, they insert into the positioning grooves 47 under the action of repulsive force, completing the fixation of the movable plate 38 and the cutting blade 14. Then, the cutting blade 14 drives the movable plate 38 to move towards the center. When the movable plate 38 disengages from the fixed baffle 51, the crushing plate 49 moves out of the slide groove 48 under the elastic force of the spring II 50. Subsequently, the cylinder 6 rotates the movable plate 38 and the crushing plate 49 through the cutting blade 14, and the crushing plate 49 can crush the soil inside the cylinder 6. At this time, the vacuum pump 28 can suck the crushed soil into the collection tank 22 for collection, which is convenient for subsequent soil testing.

[0109] After soil collection is completed, the cutting blade 14 drives the movable plate 38 to reset, and the fixed baffle 51 engages with the inclined surface of one side of the crushing plate 49 to drive the crushing plate 49 back into the slide groove 48. After the electromagnet 46 is de-energized, the positioning pin II 44 retracts into the circular groove 43 under the tension of the tension spring 45, releasing the insertion of the positioning pin II 44 into the positioning groove 47. The magnetic attraction force generated by the magnet block 39 on the cylinder 6 and the insertion engagement of the positioning pin I 40 into the insertion groove 41 can stably fix the movable plate 38 to the inner wall of the cylinder 6, facilitating future reuse.

[0110] A data acquisition method for a field data acquisition device includes the following steps:

[0111] S1. The movable base 1 moves in the field, and the camera 5 can capture images of the types, distribution and growth of wild plants. The movable base 1 can collect the same type of plant in different areas and different plants in the same area. The collected plants are then sent to the laboratory. Through these plants, soil heavy metal pollution detection, air pollution detection, water quality monitoring, species diversity survey, and plant community dynamic monitoring can be carried out. The detection is diversified and can accurately collect and analyze data from the field.

[0112] S2. When collecting plants, the cylinder 6 moves above the plants. The output shaft of the electric push rod 4 drives the lifting platform 3 and the cylinder 6 to move down. The cylinder 6 covers the plants. Then, the drive motor 8 drives the cylinder 6 to rotate through the cooperation of the bevel ring 7 and the bevel gear 9. The cylinder 6 drives the fixed plate 10 to rotate. The weight of the counterweight 16 is greater than the weight of the sliding seat 12 and the cutting blade 14. The counterweight 16 moves outward under the action of centrifugal force. The counterweight 16 pulls the cutting blade 14 towards the middle through the traction rope 15. Then, the rotating cutting blade 14 can cut the plants in the cylinder 6.

[0113] S3. When the cutting blade 14 cuts the plants in the cylinder 6, the vacuum pump 28 is started. The vacuum pump 28 sucks the chopped plants into the collection tank 22 through the ventilation hole 26, exhaust hole 24, collection tank 22, through hole I 20 and hose 29. The perforated plate 23 can block large plant fragments, while small plant fragments are sucked into the cylindrical cylinder 25 and piled up to one side under the action of the inclined panel 30, which makes it easier to remove the small plant fragments later.

[0114] S4. After the plants inside the cylinder 6 have been harvested, the electric push rod 4 drives the lifting platform 3 and the cylinder 6 to move upward and reset. The lifting platform 3 drives the vertical rod 32 and the actuating plate 35 to move upward synchronously, while the actuating plate 35 rotates downward under the action of the adjacent fixed plate 31 until the actuating plate 35 is completely moved above the adjacent fixed plate 31. At this time, the actuating plate 35 resets and rotates under the action of the torsion spring 36 and remains in a horizontal state. When the cylinder 6 moves downward again to harvest plants, the torsion spring 36 is limited by the limit block 37. The lower part cooperates with the adjacent fixed plate 31 and drives the rotating ring 21 to rotate. When the actuating plate 35 disengages from the fixed plate 31, the collection groove 22 in the rotating ring 21 that is already filled with plants moves downward, while the collection groove 22 that is not filled with plants aligns with the through hole I 20 and the hose 29, which facilitates the collection of plants again later. In addition, when it is necessary to remove plant fragments, the sealing cover 52 is opened. At this time, the plant fragments in the collection groove 22 above the sealing cover 52 fall down, which is convenient for manual collection and analysis.

[0115] S5. When soil needs to be collected, electromagnet 46 is energized, and two adjacent electromagnets 46 generate repulsive force, causing two adjacent positioning pins II 44 to move closer together. As the cylinder 6 rotates, the counterweight 16 pulls the cutting blade 14 towards the center via the traction rope 15. The cutting blade 14 passes through both positioning pins II 44. When the positioning pins II 44 are aligned with the positioning grooves 47, they are inserted into the positioning grooves 47 under the action of repulsive force, completing the fixation of the movable plate 38 and the cutting blade 14. Then, the cutting blade 14 drives the movable plate 38 to move towards the center. When the movable plate 38 is disengaged from the fixed baffle 51, the crushing plate 49 moves out of the slide groove 48 under the elastic force of the spring II 50. Then, the cylinder 6 moves the movable plate 38 and the crushing plate 49 towards the center via the cutting blade 14. When the crushing plate 49 rotates, it can crush the soil inside the cylinder 6. At this time, the vacuum pump 28 can suck the crushed soil into the collection tank 22 for collection, which is convenient for subsequent soil testing. After the soil collection is completed, the cutting blade 14 drives the movable plate 38 to reset. The fixed baffle 51 cooperates with the inclined surface of one side of the crushing plate 49 to drive the crushing plate 49 to be retracted into the slide groove 48. After the electromagnet 46 is de-energized, the positioning pin II 44 retracts into the circular groove 43 under the tension of the tension spring 45, releasing the insertion of the positioning pin II 44 into the positioning groove 47. The magnetic attraction force generated by the magnet block 39 on the cylinder 6 and the insertion cooperation of the positioning pin I 40 into the insertion groove 41 can stably fix the movable plate 38 on the inner wall of the cylinder 6, which is convenient for later reuse.

[0116] As is known to those skilled in the art, the specific working principles, wiring methods, and configuration methods of the electromagnet 46, vacuum pump 28, drive motor 8, electric actuator 4, and camera 5 are all conventional techniques in the field. Given the standardized design characteristics of the above components, the specification will not elaborate on their specific implementation details. Those skilled in the art can reasonably configure the specifications, installation positions, and collaborative control logic of the above components based on existing technical specifications and the needs of specific application scenarios.

[0117] The accompanying drawings in this application are for illustrative purposes only. The dimensions and shapes of the components shown are not actual limitations but are merely schematic representations. In actual implementation, the components can be reasonably configured and adjusted according to specific needs and actual conditions.

[0118] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field data acquisition device, characterized in that, include: A movable base (1) has a cylindrical body (6) running through its interior. Two cutting blades (14) slide through the cylinder (6) for chopping plants; A fixed sealing ring (19) is fixed to the top of the movable base (1) by a support plate, and a rotating ring (21) is rotatably connected inside it. The driving structure includes multiple fixed rods (2) fixed to the top of the movable base (1) and a lifting platform (3) slidably sleeved on the outer wall of the fixed rods (2) for driving the cylinder (6) to move down to cover the plants; The shredding structure includes a fixed plate (10) fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the cylinder (6) for driving the cutting blade (14) to move toward the center of the cylinder (6); The collection structure includes multiple collection slots (22) located on the outer wall of the rotating ring (21) for collecting chopped plants; The rotating structure includes multiple fixed plates (31) fixed to one side of the rotating ring (21) for driving the rotating ring (21) to rotate to switch the collection tank (22) when the lifting platform (3) moves down. The driving structure also includes: An electric push rod (4) fixed to the top of the movable base (1) has its output shaft connected to the bottom of the lifting platform (3); a bevel gear ring (7) rotatably connected to the top of the movable base (1) is sleeved on the outer wall of the cylinder (6) through a sliding groove; a drive motor (8) fixed to the top of the movable base (1) has a bevel gear (9) fixed to its output shaft that meshes with the bevel gear ring (7); Among them, after the electric push rod (4) drives the lifting platform (3) and the cylinder (6) to move down to cover the plants, the drive motor (8) drives the cylinder (6) to rotate through the bevel ring (7) and bevel gear (9); The shredding structure also includes: Two counterweights (16) are slidably mounted on the top of the fixed plate (10) and located on both sides of the cylinder (6); two guide rods (11) are fixed to the bottom of the fixed plate (10) and located on both sides of the cylinder (6) via the base; two sliding seats (12) are slidably mounted on the outer wall of the guide rods (11), and their bottoms are connected to the top of the cutting blade (14); spring I (13) is mounted on the outer wall of the guide rods (11), and its two ends are connected to the sliding seats (12) and the base respectively; two traction ropes (15) are connected at one end to the counterweights (16) and at the other end through the fixed plate (10) and connected to the sliding seats (12); When the cylinder (6) rotates, the centrifugal force of the counterweight (16) is greater than that of the sliding seat (12) and the cutting blade (14). The counterweight (16) pulls the cutting blade (14) towards the center of the cylinder (6) through the traction rope (15) to chop the plants. The collection structure also includes: A cylindrical tube (25) located inside a rotating ring (21) is rotated, and one side of the tube is fixed to the top of a movable base (1) by a support frame (27); a vacuum pump (28) fixed to the top of the movable base (1) has its air inlet connected to the cylindrical tube (25) via a duct; a ventilation hole (26) is located on the side of the cylindrical tube (25) near the body (6); an exhaust hole (24) is located on the inner wall of the collection tank (22), which works with the ventilation hole (26) to generate negative pressure; a through hole I (20) is fixed to the side of the fixed sealing ring (19) near the body (6), and a flexible hose (29) is installed inside it, with the bottom end of the flexible hose (29) extending into the body (6); When the vacuum pump (28) is started, the chopped plants are sucked into the collection tank (22) through the hose (29).

2. The field data acquisition device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight of the counterweight (16) is greater than the sum of the weights of the sliding seat (12) and the cutting blade (14).

3. The field data acquisition device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner wall of the top of the cylinder (6) is fixed with a guide ring (18), the inner diameter of which is the same as the outer diameter of the hose (29), which is used to guide plant fragments into the hose (29); the collection trough (22) is provided with a perforated plate (23) for separating plant fragments of different sizes; the cylindrical tube (25) is fixed with an inclined panel (30) for stacking small fragments.

4. The field data acquisition device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating structure further includes: A vertical rod (32) is fixed to the side of the lifting platform (3) near the fixed sealing ring (19); two fixed bases (33) are fixed to one side of the vertical rod (32); a rotating shaft (34) is rotatably connected between the two fixed bases (33); a deflector plate (35) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (34); a limiting block (37) is fixed to one side of the vertical rod (32) to limit the deflector plate (35); two torsion springs (36) are sleeved on the outer wall of the rotating shaft (34), with the deflector plate (35) and the fixed base (33) respectively connected at both ends. When the lifting platform (3) moves down, the actuating plate (35) pushes the fixed plate (31) under the action of the torsion spring (36) to drive the rotating ring (21) to rotate, so that the unloaded collection tank (22) is aligned with the hose (29).

5. The field data acquisition device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the fixed sealing ring (19) is snapped with a removable sealing cap (52) for sealing or opening the collection tank (22).

6. The field data acquisition device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: Two positioning pins I (40) fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (6); two movable plates (38) located inside the cylinder (6), each having an insertion groove (41) for engaging with the positioning pins I (40); a magnet block (39) embedded in the movable plate (38) on the side away from the cylinder (6); a through hole (42) penetrating the movable plate (38) and slidingly engaging with the cutting blade (14); circular grooves (43) located at the top and bottom of the through hole (42); positioning pins II (44) slidably located within the circular grooves (43); and other features. The positioning grooves (47) at the top and bottom of the cutting blade (14) are engaged with the positioning pin II (44); the electromagnet (46) is fixed to the inner wall of the positioning pin II (44) and the circular groove (43); the tension spring (45) connects the positioning pin II (44) and the inner wall of the circular groove (43); the crushing plate (49) is slidably disposed in the bottom groove (48) of the movable plate (38); the spring II (50) connects the crushing plate (49) and the top wall of the groove (48); the fixing baffle (51) is fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (6). When the electromagnet (46) is energized, the positioning pin II (44) is inserted into the positioning groove (47) to fix the cutting blade (14) and the movable plate (38), and the cutting blade (14) drives the crushing plate (49) to crush the soil; when the electromagnet (46) is de-energized, the tension spring (45) pulls the positioning pin II (44) to disengage from the positioning groove (47).

7. A data acquisition method for a field data acquisition device, applied to the field data acquisition device described in claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Movement and Recognition: Drive the movable base (1) to move in the field and use the camera (5) to capture plant information; S2, Plant Covering and Chopping: Move the cylinder (6) above the target plant and lower it to cover it; start the drive motor (8) to drive the cylinder (6) to rotate, use centrifugal force to move the counterweight (16) outward, and pull the cutting blade (14) inward to rotate through the traction rope (15) to chop the plant; S3, Debris Vacuum Collection: The vacuum pump (28) is started simultaneously, and the shredded plant is sucked in through the hose (29), through hole I (20), collection tank (22), exhaust hole (24) and ventilation hole (26); the perforated plate (23) blocks large fragments, and small fragments are sucked into the cylindrical tube (25) and accumulated; S4. Reset and Sample Switching: After collection, move the cylinder (6), lifting platform (3), vertical rod (32) and toggle plate (35) upward; the toggle plate (35) rotates under the action of the fixed plate (31), and resets under the torsion spring (36) after moving; when needed, open the sealing cover (52) to drop out the fragments; S5, Soil Collection Mode: When soil needs to be collected, the energized electromagnet (46) generates a repulsive force to move the positioning pin II (44) towards each other; while the cylinder (6) is rotating, the cutting blade (14) moves inward through the positioning pin II (44) and inserts the locking movable plate (38) when it aligns with the positioning groove (47); the cutting blade (14) continues to move inward to make the movable plate (38) disengage from the fixed baffle (51), triggering the spring II (50) to pop out the breaking plate (49); the cylinder (6) is rotated to break the soil; S6. Soil collection and reset: The vacuum pump (28) sucks in the broken soil; after the end, the cutting blade (14) drives the movable plate (38) to reset, and the fixed baffle (51) drives the broken plate (49) to collect the receiving chute (48); the electromagnet (46) is de-energized, and the tension spring (45) pulls back the positioning pin II (44) to unlock; the movable plate (38) is fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (6) by the magnet block (39) and the positioning pin I (40).

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