In-situ collection device for surface sediment and overlying water and collection method thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an in-situ collection device for surface sediments and overlying water and a collection method of the in-situ collection device. Wherein the in-situ collection device comprises a rotary rod supporting piece, a sediment collection unit and a covering water collection unit. The sediment collecting unit comprises a mud collecting barrel, the mud collecting barrel is connected to one end of the rotating rod supporting piece, and a mud inlet is formed in the side wall face of the mud collecting barrel; the overlying water collecting unit is slidably and detachably arranged on the rotating rod supporting piece in a penetrating and sleeving manner, and the overlying water collecting unit can abut against the mud collecting barrel. The sludge inlet is formed in the side wall of the sludge sampling barrel, so that sediments enter the sludge sampling barrel from the side direction under the condition that the surrounding environment is not disturbed, and interface disturbance caused by vertical insertion is effectively avoided; the in-situ collection device for the surface sediment and the overlying water has the advantages of being high in in-situ sampling precision, small in environmental disturbance, capable of accurately obtaining layered samples and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental science and technology, specifically to an in-situ collection device and method for surface sediments and overlying water. Background Technology

[0002] The sediment-water interface is a crucial region in aquatic ecosystems where material exchange and biogeochemical cycling are most active. The chemical properties of the overlying water above this interface (such as dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations, and heavy metal concentrations) typically exhibit a significant vertical gradient; simultaneously, surface sediments (usually the top 0-10 cm) serve as both a source and sink for pollutant accumulation and secondary release. To accurately study the exchange fluxes, pollutant migration and transformation patterns, and ecological risks at this interface, it is essential to obtain undisturbed, spatially corresponding samples of surface sediments and stratified overlying water.

[0003] In related technologies, the use of grab bucket mud samplers for sampling can collect sufficient samples in a single operation. However, the grab sampling process often causes a lot of disturbance to the sediment and in-situ water, making the water turbid, blurring the stratification interface, and making it difficult to obtain accurate, in-situ, and stratified sediment and water samples separately. As a result, it is impossible to accurately reflect the true material exchange and ecological information of the sediment-water interface. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide an in-situ collection device and method for surface sediments and overlying water, so as to solve the problem that in-situ collection devices in the prior art cannot guarantee the accurate correspondence of sediments and in-situ water in three-dimensional space.

[0005] The present invention provides an in-situ collection device for surface sediments and overlying water.

[0006] This invention provides an in-situ data acquisition method.

[0007] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention includes a rotary support, a sediment sampling unit, and an overlying water sampling unit.

[0008] The sediment collection unit includes a mud collection tube connected to one end of the rotary support member, and the mud collection tube has a mud inlet on its side wall. The water collection unit is slidably and detachably sleeved on the rotary support member, and the water collection unit can abut against the mud collection tube.

[0009] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention provides support and an operational foundation for the sediment sampling unit and the overlying water sampling unit through a rotary support member. The rotary support member passes through the overlying water sampling unit and is fixedly connected to the sediment collection cylinder, ensuring precise spatial alignment between the two.

[0010] The mud collection tube has a mud inlet on its side wall, allowing sediment to enter laterally without disturbing the surrounding environment, effectively avoiding interface disturbance caused by vertical insertion. The overlying water collection unit can precisely capture the stratified overlying water corresponding to the sediment surface through sliding adjustment. After sediment collection, the overlying water collection unit can be installed by sliding, achieving a strict spatial correspondence between sediment and overlying water, minimizing interference with the in-situ environment during sampling. This prevents miscibility between upper and lower water layers, ensuring the independence and authenticity of stratified samples. The entire sampling process can be completed undisturbed, effectively preserving the original state of the sediment-water interface microenvironment, providing high-precision sample support for subsequent research.

[0011] Therefore, the in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high in-situ sampling accuracy, minimal environmental disturbance, and accurate acquisition of stratified samples.

[0012] In one embodiment, the sediment collection unit further includes a sealing plate, the rotary support includes an inner rod and an outer rod sleeved on the inner rod, the inner rod is connected to the mud collection cylinder, the sealing plate is fixedly connected to the outer rod, and the outer rod is rotatably arranged relative to the inner rod to drive the sealing plate to selectively seal or open the mud inlet.

[0013] In one embodiment, the sealing plate includes a connecting rod and a sealing plate body, with both ends of the connecting rod connected to the outer sleeve rod and the sealing plate body respectively, and the sealing plate body slidably abutting against the inner wall surface of the mud collection cylinder.

[0014] In one embodiment, both the inner rod and the outer rod have multiple segments, two adjacent outer rods are detachably connected, two adjacent inner rods are detachably connected, the lowest inner rod is connected to the mud-collecting cylinder, and the lowest outer rod is connected to the sealing plate.

[0015] In one embodiment, the mud-collecting cylinder is a cylindrical body with a circular cross-section, and the sealing plate is an arc-shaped sealing plate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the inner peripheral wall of the mud collection cylinder is provided with stop protrusions on both sides of the mud inlet in the circumferential direction, and at least one of the stop protrusions is spaced from the mud inlet in the circumferential direction of the mud collection cylinder, so as to provide clearance space for opening the mud inlet. In one embodiment, the outer peripheral wall of the mud-collecting cylinder has a baffle plate extending obliquely from the inside to the outside on one side of the mud inlet.

[0017] In one embodiment, the outer rod is provided with a detachable limiting post, the inner rod has an annular groove, and a portion of the limiting post is slidably disposed within the annular groove.

[0018] In one embodiment, the central angle corresponding to the mud inlet is 90°-120°.

[0019] In one embodiment, the water collection unit includes a water collection tube with an open top. The top of the water collection tube is provided with one of a magnetic suction element and a magnetic response element, and the bottom of the water collection tube is provided with the other of the magnetic suction element and the magnetic response element. The magnetic suction element and the magnetic response element are attracted to each other.

[0020] In one embodiment, there are multiple water sampling cylinders, which can be slidably fitted onto the rotating rod support in sequence, and adjacent water sampling cylinders can be arranged to attract each other.

[0021] In one embodiment, the in-situ acquisition device further includes a sealing gasket sandwiched between the water collection cylinder and the mud collection cylinder, wherein the magnetic suction element and the magnetic response element are both annular, and the sealing gasket is sleeved on the outer periphery of the magnetic suction element or nested inside the magnetic suction element.

[0022] In one embodiment, the water sampling tube includes a positioning sleeve and a cylinder body. The positioning sleeve extends upward along the bottom wall of the cylinder body to form a liquid storage cavity between the positioning sleeve and the cylinder body. The positioning sleeve is sleeved on the rotary rod support. In one embodiment, the in-situ sampling device further includes a top cover, which is slidably and magnetically attached to the top of the uppermost water sampling cylinder.

[0023] The in-situ acquisition method of this invention includes the following steps: S1: According to the required water depth, the mud sampling cylinder is lowered to the sediment interface, the outer sleeve rod is rotated to open the mud inlet, the inner rod is pushed forward at a horizontal angle so that the mud sampling cylinder cuts into the surface sediment through the mud inlet, and the outer sleeve rod is rotated to seal the mud inlet with the sealing plate. S2: Keep the device upright and stand still for at least 5 minutes. The water collection cylinder is fitted into the rotary rod support, allowing it to slowly sink to the bottom. The water collection cylinder and the mud collection cylinder are attracted to each other to form a double-layer sealed layered structure. S3: Repeat S2 to slide the remaining water sampling cylinders into the water in sequence to form a multi-layered sealed structure; S4: Place the top cover onto the rotating rod support to cover the top of the uppermost water collection cylinder, and vertically pull the rotating rod support to lift the in-situ collection device out of the water. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a stacked exploded diagram of the in-situ collection device for surface sediments and overlying water according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the mud-collecting cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the fit between the outer sleeve rod and the sealing plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of the water sampling tube according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: Rotary rod support 1; Inner rod 11; Outer rod 12; Limiting post 13; Sediment collection unit 2; mud collection tube 21; mud inlet 211; 22 sealing plate; 221 connecting rod; 222 sealing plate body; 23 mudguard; 24 stop protrusion; Water collection unit 3; water collection cylinder 31; positioning sleeve 311; cylinder body 312; Magnetic attracting element 32; Magnetic responsive element 33; Sealing gasket 4; Top cover 5. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0031] The following is for reference. Figures 1-5 The following is a description of an in-situ sampling device and method for surface sediments and overlying water according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] The in-situ collection device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention includes a rotary support 1, a sediment collection unit 2, and an overlying water collection unit 3.

[0033] The sediment collection unit 2 includes a mud collection tube 21, which is connected to one end of the rotary support 1. The mud collection tube 21 has a mud inlet 211 on its side wall. The water collection unit 3 is slidably and detachably sleeved on the rotary support 1 and can abut against the mud collection tube 21.

[0034] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention provides support and an operational foundation for the sediment sampling unit 2 and the overlying water sampling unit 3 via a rotary support member 1. The rotary support member 1 passes through the overlying water sampling unit 3 and is fixedly connected to the mud sampling cylinder 21, ensuring precise spatial alignment between the two.

[0035] The mud collection tube 21 has a mud inlet 211 on its side wall, allowing sediment to enter the tube 21 laterally without disturbing the surrounding environment, effectively avoiding interface disturbance caused by vertical insertion. The overlying water collection unit 3 can precisely capture the stratified overlying water corresponding to the sediment surface through sliding adjustment. After sediment collection, the overlying water collection unit 3 can be installed by sliding, thus achieving a strict spatial correspondence between the sediment and the overlying water, minimizing interference with the in-situ environment during sampling. This avoids miscibility between upper and lower water layers, ensuring the independence and authenticity of the stratified samples. The entire sampling process can be completed under undisturbed conditions, effectively preserving the original state of the sediment-water interface microenvironment, providing high-precision sample support for subsequent research.

[0036] Therefore, the in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention has the advantages of high in-situ sampling accuracy, minimal environmental disturbance, and accurate acquisition of stratified samples.

[0037] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the sediment collection unit 2 also includes a sealing plate 22. The rotary support 1 includes an inner rod 11 and an outer rod 12 sleeved on the inner rod 11. The inner rod 11 is connected to the mud collection cylinder 21. The sealing plate 22 is fixedly connected to the outer rod 12. The outer rod 12 is rotatably set relative to the inner rod 11 so as to drive the sealing plate 22 to selectively seal or open the mud inlet 211.

[0038] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention controls the opening and closing of the inlet 211 by rotating the outer sleeve rod 12 to move the sealing plate 22. During the descent of the device, the sealing plate 22 closes the inlet 211 to prevent impurities from entering. After reaching the target depth, rotating the outer sleeve rod 12 opens the inlet 211, allowing for lateral sediment sampling. After sampling, the sealing plate 22 is rotated again to close the inlet, ensuring that the sample does not fall off or disturb during the lifting process. This further improves the accuracy and reliability of in-situ sampling.

[0039] Simultaneously, the relative rotational movement between the inner rod 11 and the outer rod 12 allows for precise control of the opening angle and timing of the mud inlet 211, effectively adapting to various sediment hardness conditions and avoiding blockage or jamming during sampling. Its stability and reusability in complex underwater environments significantly improve field operation efficiency. Combined with the sealing and sliding mechanism of the overlying water sampling unit 3, the entire device achieves synchronous, in-situ, and undisturbed sample acquisition of sediment and overlying water stratified samples.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the sealing plate 22 includes a connecting rod 221 and a sealing plate body 222. The two ends of the connecting rod 221 are respectively connected to the outer sleeve rod 12 and the sealing plate body 222. The sealing plate body 222 can slide against the inner wall of the mud collection cylinder 21.

[0041] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention comprises a connecting rod 221 and a sealing plate 222, which are connected by a sealing plate 22. The sealing plate 222 slides along the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 21 under the action of the connecting rod 221, achieving tight control over the opening and closing of the inlet 211. The sliding cooperation between the sealing plate 222 and the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 21 ensures the sealing of the inlet 211 in the closed state, effectively preventing external water and particulate matter from entering the sampling cylinder 21 during non-sampling stages, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of sampling and providing reliable raw data support for subsequent laboratory analysis. Simultaneously, during the opening process, the smooth movement of the sealing plate 222 avoids disturbance to the sediment-water interface, ensuring the maintenance of the in-situ characteristics of the sampling process.

[0042] In addition, a sufficient amount of sediment and water samples can be collected in one operation at exactly the same three-dimensional coordinate points, effectively avoiding the problem of existing column samplers having small sampling volumes and requiring repeated sampling, thus ensuring sample uniformity.

[0043] Optionally, to improve sealing performance, a sealing strip structure can be provided on the mating surface of the sealing plate 222.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, both the inner rod 11 and the outer rod 12 have multiple segments. Two adjacent outer rods 12 are detachably connected, and two adjacent inner rods 11 are detachably connected. The lowest inner rod 11 is connected to the mud-collecting cylinder 21, and the lowest outer rod 12 is connected to the sealing plate 22.

[0045] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention features a multi-section detachable design of the inner rod 11 and outer rod 12, facilitating assembly, disassembly, and transportation, and adapting to different sampling depth requirements. The sections are connected by threads or snap-fit ​​connections, ensuring structural stability and ease of maintenance. In field operations, the rod length can be flexibly increased or decreased according to water depth conditions, improving the applicability and ease of operation of the equipment. This modular structure also facilitates the individual replacement of faulty components, reducing operating costs and extending the overall service life, making it particularly suitable for long-term, multi-site continuous sampling tasks.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the mud extraction cylinder 21 is a cylindrical body 312 with a circular cross-section, and the sealing plate 222 is an arc-shaped sealing plate.

[0047] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention uses a circular cross-section cylinder 312 (sampling cylinder 21) and an arc-shaped sealing plate 222 to achieve surface contact sealing with the inner wall of the sampling cylinder 21. This significantly improves the sealing effect between the sealing plate 222 and the inner wall of the cylinder 312, effectively preventing external water from seeping in and ensuring the integrity and original state of the sample during the lifting process.

[0048] Furthermore, the circular cross-section reduces the compression and disturbance to surrounding sediments, resulting in more uniform stress on the mud sampler 21 during penetration and lifting, thus minimizing damage to the sample structure. This ensures high-precision in-situ data collection even under complex hydrological conditions, providing reliable raw data support for subsequent laboratory analysis.

[0049] Optionally, the curvature of the arc-shaped sealing plate is perfectly matched with the inner wall of the mud-collecting cylinder 21, maintaining a tight fit during the sliding process to avoid sealing failure due to misalignment.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner circumferential wall of the mud collection cylinder 21 is provided with stop protrusions 24 on both sides of the mud inlet 211 in the circumferential direction. At least one of the stop protrusions 24 has a gap with the mud inlet 211 in the circumferential direction of the mud collection cylinder 21, so as to provide clearance space for opening the mud inlet 211.

[0051] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention limits the movement of the sealing plate 222 by setting stop protrusions 24 on both sides of the circumference of the mud inlet 211 and reserving clearance space on at least one side, thereby preventing excessive rotation and ensuring that the sealing plate 222 is accurately aligned with the mud inlet 211 for opening and closing operations.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer peripheral wall of the mud-collecting cylinder 21 has a mud-blocking plate 23 extending from the inside to the outside on one side of the mud inlet 211.

[0053] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention effectively prevents surrounding sediments from being squeezed into the sampling chamber from the outer wall of the cylinder 312 during penetration by setting a baffle 23 extending from the inside out on the outside of the mud inlet 211, thereby improving sampling accuracy and sample purity. The inclined structure of the baffle 23 can guide the sediments to flow to both sides, reducing the front-end accumulation resistance, thereby reducing the driving force required for penetration and avoiding sample compression deformation caused by squeezing. This design is particularly suitable for soft mud or high water-content sedimentary layers, maintaining the original sedimentary interface morphology to the maximum extent while maintaining structural strength.

[0054] Optionally, the mudguard 23 is integrally formed with the cylinder 312, resulting in a robust structure. Its tilt angle is optimized through fluid dynamics simulation, reducing resistance while enhancing guidance to ensure vertical penetration. Its smoothed edges prevent scratching the sediment interface or disturbing the overlying water layer, preserving the original morphology of the sampling area to the greatest extent possible. After penetration, the mudguard 23 assists in positioning, preventing the mud collection cylinder 21 from tilting or swaying, thus improving sampling verticality and repeatability.

[0055] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer rod 12 is provided with a detachable limiting post 13, and the inner rod 11 has an annular groove, with a portion of the limiting post 13 slidably disposed in the annular groove.

[0056] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention effectively limits the rotation range of the outer rod 12 relative to the inner rod 11 and avoids axial displacement between the inner rod 11 by providing a detachable limiting post 13 on the outer rod 12 and allowing it to be partially slidably placed within the annular groove of the inner rod 11. This results in good structural stability.

[0057] The central angle corresponding to the mud inlet 211 is 90°-120°.

[0058] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention ensures that the inlet 211, while providing a sufficient sampling cross-section, maintains the integrity and strength of the cylinder 312 structure, avoiding stress concentration or deformation due to an excessively large opening. The inlet 211 within this angle range can effectively introduce sediments and overlying water during rapid penetration, while the opening and closing mechanism of the sealing plate enables precise control, preventing leakage or backflow. On the one hand, a central angle less than 90° results in insufficient sampling space, affecting sampling efficiency; on the other hand, an angle greater than 120° weakens the rigidity of the cylinder 312, increasing the risk of seal failure.

[0059] Optionally, the central angle corresponding to the mud inlet 211 is 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110° or 120°.

[0060] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the water collection unit 3 includes a water collection tube 31 and a mud collection tube 21 with its top open. The top of the mud collection tube 21 is provided with one of a magnetic suction element 32 and a magnetic response element 33, and the bottom of the water collection tube 31 is provided with the other of a magnetic suction element 32 and a magnetic response element 33. The magnetic suction element 32 and the magnetic response element 33 are attracted together.

[0061] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention achieves rapid positioning and stable connection between the water sampling cylinder 31 and the mud sampling cylinder 21 through the cooperation of the magnetic suction component 32 and the magnetic response component 33, ensuring that the two move synchronously during the overlying water sampling process and avoiding water disturbance or leakage caused by relative displacement.

[0062] Optionally, the magnetic response element 33 can be a soft iron sheet or another magnet. Both the water sampling tube 31 and the mud sampling tube 21 can be made of iron sheets or magnets, with the material selection balancing magnetic strength and corrosion resistance, suitable for both freshwater and seawater environments. The attraction forces of the magnetic attraction element 32 and the magnetic response element 33 are calculated and matched to ensure reliable connection while allowing the water sampling tube 31 to detach smoothly under a predetermined external force, facilitating subsequent step-by-step sampling operations. This magnetic connection structure is easy to assemble and disassemble, requiring no additional locking mechanism, reducing the failure rate and improving in-situ operation efficiency.

[0063] Optionally, the magnetic element 32 can be a magnetic ring. In some embodiments, magnetic rings are provided at both the top and bottom of the water sampling cylinder 31.

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, there are multiple water sampling cylinders 31, which can be slidably fitted onto the rotating rod support 1 in sequence, and adjacent water sampling cylinders 31 can be arranged to attract each other.

[0065] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention achieves segmented sampling of multiple overlying water layers by connecting multiple sampling tubes 31 sequentially in series magnetically, forming a stable cascade structure. This enables precise sampling at multiple points and levels. Each sampling tube 31 can independently collect overlying water at different depths, allowing for detailed analysis of the vertical stratification characteristics of the water body.

[0066] Furthermore, the arrangement of multiple water sampling cylinders 31 increases the flexibility and diversity of sampling, allowing for the selection of an appropriate number of cylinders 31 for sampling based on actual needs. Simultaneously, the cascaded structure maintains synchronized movement during the lifting process.

[0067] Specifically, during the sampling process, the water sampling tubes 31 are sequentially fitted onto the outer sleeve rod 12 and slowly slid into the bottom. Magnetic connections are used to achieve step-by-step positioning and fixation, ensuring that each water sampling tube 31 moves synchronously during insertion. When the device is lifted, each water sampling tube 31 moves upward along with the mud sampling tube 21. The magnetic attraction structure remains closed within the set tension range, effectively isolating water samples at different depths and preventing cross-contamination.

[0068] Optionally, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention also includes a sealing gasket 4 sandwiched between the water sampling cylinder 31 and the mud sampling cylinder 21. The magnetic suction element 32 and the magnetic response element 33 are both annular, and the sealing gasket 4 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the magnetic suction element 32 or nested inside the magnetic suction element 32.

[0069] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention utilizes the coordinated action of a sealing gasket 4 and a ring-shaped magnetic structure. Under the magnetic pre-tightening force, the sealing gasket 4 elastically deforms, filling the microscopic gaps at the contact surface and preventing sample leakage. Furthermore, it enhances the sealing performance of the interface between the water sampling tube 31 and the mud sampling tube 21, effectively preventing the infiltration of external water and ensuring the purity of the overlying water sample.

[0070] Optionally, the sealing gasket 4 is made of a corrosion-resistant elastic material, and together with the annular magnetic structure, it achieves a complete seal, effectively blocking the seepage path of the overlying water along the cylinder wall. The annular design of the magnetic element 32 and the magnetic response element 33 ensures that the adsorption force is evenly distributed, and after pressing the sealing gasket 4, a continuous sealing ring is formed, which significantly improves the water tightness of the connection.

[0071] like Figure 5 As shown, the water sampling cylinder 31 includes a positioning sleeve 311 and a cylinder 312. The positioning sleeve 311 extends upward along the bottom wall of the cylinder 312 to form a liquid storage cavity between the positioning sleeve 311 and the cylinder 312. The positioning sleeve 311 is sleeved on the rotating rod support 1.

[0072] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention divides the sampling cylinder 31 into a positioning sleeve 311 and a cylinder body 312. An independent liquid storage chamber is formed between the positioning sleeve 311 and the cylinder body 312, avoiding the possibility of leakage from the storage chamber due to the through-hole through which the rotating rod support 1 passes. This also improves the overall rigidity and sealing reliability of the sampling cylinder 31 structure. The cooperation between the positioning sleeve 311 and the rotating rod support 1 guides the sampling cylinder 31 to maintain axial alignment during lifting and lowering, reducing the risk of sealing failure due to off-center loading. This ensures that each layer of overlying water remains independently sealed during sampling, further guaranteeing the representativeness of the samples and the accuracy of the experimental data.

[0073] like Figure 2 As shown, the in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention also includes a top cover 5, which is slidably and suctionably placed on top of the uppermost water sampling cylinder 31.

[0074] The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water in this embodiment of the invention achieves rapid opening and closing through the dual action of magnetic adsorption and mechanical sliding. The top cover 5 remains open during the lowering process and is closed in a controlled manner before reaching the predetermined depth to avoid disturbing the water body and causing sample contamination. After sampling, the device is lifted up, so that the overlying water sampling process can truly achieve in-situ, undisturbed and fully sealed operation, significantly improving the sampling quality and repeatability of multi-layer water samples in complex water environments.

[0075] Optionally, the top cover 5 is an acrylic or metal cover plate with a magnetic ring embedded at the bottom.

[0076] The in-situ acquisition method of this invention includes the following steps: S1: According to the required water depth, the mud sampling tube 21 is lowered to the sediment interface. The outer sleeve rod 12 is rotated to open the mud inlet 211. The inner rod 11 is pushed forward at a horizontal angle so that the mud sampling tube 21 cuts into the surface sediment through the mud inlet 211. The outer sleeve rod 12 is rotated to seal the mud inlet 211 with the sealing plate 22. S2: Keep the device upright and stand still for at least 5 minutes. Insert the water collection tube 31 into the rotating rod support 1 and let it slowly sink to the bottom. The water collection tube 31 and the mud collection tube 21 are attracted to form a double-layer sealed layered structure. S3: Repeat S2 to slide the remaining water sampling cylinders 31 into the water in sequence to form a multi-layered sealed structure; S4: Place the top cover 5 onto the swivel support 1 to cover the top of the uppermost water collection cylinder 31, and vertically pull the swivel support 1 to lift the in-situ collection device out of the water.

[0077] The in-situ sampling method of this invention achieves independent sampling of overlying water at different depths through stepwise lowering and layer-by-layer sealing, effectively avoiding interlayer mixing and ensuring the integrity of the original state of each water sample. Combined with the sealed acquisition of surface sediments by the mud sampling tube 21, in-situ capture of water-mud interface samples is simultaneously completed. The entire sampling process requires no additional driving device, relying on gravity settling and magnetic coordination to control opening and closing. It is simple to operate and highly reliable, suitable for on-site sampling in complex water areas such as lakes, estuaries, and shallow seas, significantly improving the authenticity of environmental monitoring data and the scientific validity of analysis results.

[0078] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0079] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0080] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0081] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0082] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0083] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0084] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water, characterized in that, include: Rotary rod support component; A sediment collection unit, comprising a mud collection cylinder connected to one end of the rotary support, wherein the mud collection cylinder has a mud inlet on its side wall. A water collection unit is slidably and detachably fitted onto the rotary rod support, and the water collection unit can abut against the mud collection cylinder.

2. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sediment collection unit also includes a sealing plate. The rotary support includes an inner rod and an outer rod sleeved on the inner rod. The inner rod is connected to the mud collection cylinder. The sealing plate is fixedly connected to the outer rod. The outer rod is rotatably arranged relative to the inner rod to drive the sealing plate to selectively seal or open the mud inlet.

3. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealing plate includes a connecting rod and a sealing plate body. Both ends of the connecting rod are connected to the outer sleeve rod and the sealing plate body, respectively. The sealing plate body is slidably abutted against the inner wall of the mud collection cylinder; and / or Both the inner rod and the outer rod have multiple segments. Two adjacent outer rods are detachably connected, and two adjacent inner rods are detachably connected. The lowest inner rod is connected to the mud-collecting cylinder, and the lowest outer rod is connected to the sealing plate.

4. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mud-collecting cylinder is a cylindrical body with a circular cross-section, and the sealing plate is an arc-shaped sealing plate.

5. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner circumferential wall of the mud collection cylinder is provided with stop protrusions on both sides of the mud inlet in the circumferential direction. At least one of the stop protrusions is spaced from the mud inlet in the circumferential direction of the mud collection cylinder so as to provide clearance space for opening the mud inlet. And / or, the outer peripheral wall of the mud-collecting cylinder has a baffle plate extending obliquely from the inside to the outside on one side of the mud inlet.

6. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer rod is provided with a detachable limiting post, and the inner rod has an annular groove, with a portion of the limiting post slidably disposed within the annular groove.

7. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The central angle corresponding to the mud inlet is 90°-120°; and / or, The water collection unit includes a water collection tube, the top of which is open, and the top of the water collection tube is provided with one of a magnetic suction element and a magnetic response element. The bottom of the water collection tube is provided with the other of the magnetic suction element and the magnetic response element, and the magnetic suction element and the magnetic response element are attracted to each other.

8. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 7, characterized in that, The water sampling cylinder has multiple components, and the multiple water sampling cylinders can be slidably sleeved onto the rotating rod support in sequence, and two adjacent water sampling cylinders can be arranged to attract each other. And / or, it also includes a sealing gasket sandwiched between the water collection cylinder and the mud collection cylinder, wherein the magnetic suction element and the magnetic response element are both annular, and the sealing gasket is sleeved on the outer periphery of the magnetic suction element or nested inside the magnetic suction element.

9. The in-situ sampling device for surface sediments and overlying water according to claim 8, characterized in that, The water collection cylinder includes a positioning sleeve and a cylinder body. The positioning sleeve extends upward along the bottom wall of the cylinder body to form a liquid storage cavity between the positioning sleeve and the cylinder body. The positioning sleeve is sleeved on the rotary rod support. And / or, it also includes a top cover, which is slidably and magnetically attached to the top of the uppermost water collection cylinder.

10. An in-situ data acquisition method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: According to the required water depth, the mud sampling cylinder is lowered to the sediment interface, the outer sleeve rod is rotated to open the mud inlet, the inner rod is pushed forward at a horizontal angle so that the mud sampling cylinder cuts into the surface sediment through the mud inlet, and the outer sleeve rod is rotated to seal the mud inlet with the sealing plate. S2: Keep the device upright and stand still for at least 5 minutes. The water collection cylinder is fitted into the rotary rod support, allowing it to slowly sink to the bottom. The water collection cylinder and the mud collection cylinder are attracted to each other to form a double-layer sealed layered structure. S3: Repeat S2 to slide the remaining water sampling cylinders into the water in sequence to form a multi-layered sealed structure; S4: Place the top cover onto the rotating rod support to cover the top of the uppermost water collection cylinder, and vertically pull the rotating rod support to lift the in-situ collection device out of the water.

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