Photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device. The photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device comprises a photovoltaic assembly and a control assembly, the photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic panel and a glass cover plate, the glass cover plate is arranged above the photovoltaic panel, and a second transmittance sensor is arranged between the glass cover plate and the photovoltaic panel; the control component comprises an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover, a first light transmittance sensor is arranged in the spherical transparent cover, and the air curtain protection assembly is arranged at the bottom end of the spherical transparent cover and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover. Through the arrangement of the photovoltaic module, the light-transmitting sensor and the control component and through the matching relation between the light-transmitting sensor and the photovoltaic module, after the surface of the photovoltaic module is coated with sand, the light transmittance of the glass cover plate is changed, the light transmittance can be monitored through the light-transmitting sensor, and the light-transmitting sensor and the control component are matched with each other to monitor the light transmittance. Therefore, the light transmittance sensor can monitor the light transmittance of the spherical transparent cover in the state that the spherical transparent cover is not covered with sand.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation is a power generation technology that directly converts solar energy into electricity by using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductors. The core is to absorb solar radiation by photovoltaic modules to make the electrons inside the semiconductor migrate directionally to form an electric current. It is one of the core technologies in the field of renewable energy and is widely used in distributed power generation, centralized power stations, portable power sources and other scenarios.

[0003] Among them, the desert environment is a relatively suitable environment for photovoltaic power generation. A certain desert area new energy base photovoltaic power station is a typical large desert base. Due to its low annual average temperature, less annual precipitation, huge annual evaporation, and prevailing west wind and north-west wind throughout the year, as well as the large number of photovoltaic modules, sand is blown up by wind during daily power production, covering the photovoltaic panels. Floating sand affects the power generation efficiency, and component cracks, short circuits and other damage affect the power generation efficiency. Inspection usually requires a large amount of manpower and resources, such as inspection by unmanned aerial vehicle. Therefore, appropriate inspection time can effectively reduce maintenance costs. Affected by the weather environment, regular inspection is not economical, that is, investing in inspection when it is not needed is a waste of manpower and resources, and delayed inspection may lead to an expansion of economic losses, such as the spread of hot spots caused by dust covering, the cooling of photovoltaic panel thermal imaging caused by floating sand, and the local short circuit of photovoltaic panels caused by short circuits and cracks, which leads to poor monitoring effect of thermal imaging technology. If an unmanned aerial vehicle is used for inspection, the actual effect is not good due to environmental characteristics. Therefore, a photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device and method are needed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device and method to solve the problem of poor monitoring effect of sand covering rate on the surface of photovoltaic panels in desert areas.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present application is: a photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device: comprising a photovoltaic module and a control module. The photovoltaic module comprises a photovoltaic panel and a glass cover plate, and the glass cover plate is arranged above the photovoltaic panel, and a second light transmittance sensor is arranged between the two. The control module comprises an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover. A first light transmittance sensor is arranged inside the spherical transparent cover. The air curtain protection assembly is arranged at the bottom end of the spherical transparent cover and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover.

[0006] In the preferred solution, the photovoltaic panel, the glass cover plate and the second light transmittance sensor are arranged inside the photovoltaic support, and the second light transmittance sensor is located below the glass cover plate to monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover plate.

[0007] In the preferred solution, the fixed frame comprises a fixed base, a support rod, a mounting seat and a ring-shaped top block arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the top of the fixed base is designed as a conical surface, and the top end of the conical surface is provided with a plurality of support rods arranged in a ring shape at equal intervals, and a plurality of V-shaped rollers are arranged on the inner wall of the ring-shaped top block in a ring shape at equal intervals.

[0008] In the preferred solution, a center hole and a protection groove are arranged in sequence from top to bottom at the center of the upper surface of the mounting seat, a transmission cavity is arranged in the mounting seat, the transmission cavity and the center hole are in communication, a servo motor is arranged on the upper surface of the mounting seat, the output shaft of the servo motor extends into the transmission cavity, and a driving gear is arranged.

[0009] In the preferred solution, the air curtain protection assembly comprises a cyclone dust collector and a protection block, the cyclone dust collector comprises a dust collector main body, the dust collector main body is arranged above the ring-shaped top block, penetrates the ring-shaped top block and the center hole in sequence, and extends into the protection groove, and the top of the dust collector main body is provided with the protection block.

[0010] In the preferred solution, a ring-shaped V-shaped guide rail and a gear ring are sequentially arranged on the outside of the dust collector main body from top to bottom, the ring-shaped V-shaped guide rail is located in the ring-shaped top block, and the outer surface is in close contact with the V-shaped roller, the gear ring is located in the center hole, and is in meshing connection with the driving gear, a horn-shaped air inlet cover is arranged on the circumferential surface of the dust collector main body and is tangent to the horn-shaped air inlet cover, the horn-shaped air inlet cover comprises a wind collector, one end of the wind collector is in communication with the dust collector main body through a converging pipe, the inner wall of the wind collector is an Archimedes spiral surface, and the converging pipe is a Venturi pipe, and the end with a small inner diameter of the converging pipe is in communication with the dust collector main body.

[0011] In the preferred solution, the protection block comprises an inner shell, the inner shell is in communication with the exhaust port of the dust collector main body, an outer shell is arranged in the inner shell, the outer shell and the inner shell are connected by a plurality of first connecting blocks and second connecting blocks, the plurality of first connecting blocks and the second connecting blocks are arranged in a ring shape at equal intervals, and there is a space between adjacent first connecting blocks and second connecting blocks, which can provide airflow circulation, and a ring-shaped air jet and a ring-shaped air cavity are arranged in sequence from top to bottom between the inner shell and the outer shell.

[0012] In the preferred scheme, the center of the upper surface of the outer shell is provided with a spherical transparent cover through a vertical rod, the top of the spherical transparent cover is provided with a top stop through a vertical rod, the spherical transparent cover is a transparent spherical cover, the diameter of which is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular air outlet, and the top stop is a reverse cone, and the diameter of the top is larger than the diameter of the annular air outlet.

[0013] In the preferred scheme, a sealing assembly is arranged at the annular air outlet, the sealing assembly comprises a rubber inner ring and a rubber outer ring, the rubber inner ring is arranged along the outer edge of the upper surface of the outer shell, and the rubber outer ring is arranged along the inner edge of the upper surface of the inner shell and is in contact with the rubber inner ring, and the cross section of the sealing assembly is in the shape of a chevron.

[0014] A method for using a photovoltaic panel inspection sanding evaluation device comprises the following steps: S1, according to the setting of the photovoltaic panel, the first light transmittance sensor inside the contrast assembly is in the light range, that is, the area without shadow coverage, and a wind direction instrument is arranged, which controls the servo motor through the controller; S2, the wind direction is monitored through the wind direction instrument, and the orientation of the horn-shaped air inlet cover is adjusted by driving the servo motor, so that the horn-shaped air inlet cover is oriented in the direction of the wind direction, that is, the natural wind can directly blow into the inside of the horn-shaped air inlet cover; S3, the data of the first light transmittance sensor and the second light transmittance sensor are collected and compared, so as to obtain the deviation value of the glass cover plate light transmittance relative to the conventional state, that is, the sanding rate is monitored through the deviation value.

[0015] The present application provides a photovoltaic panel inspection sanding evaluation device and method, by adopting the above scheme, the following beneficial effects are obtained: 1, by setting the photovoltaic assembly, the light transmittance sensor and the contrast assembly, the light transmittance sensor can monitor the light transmittance when the surface of the photovoltaic assembly is covered with sand, and the light transmittance sensor and the contrast assembly cooperate with each other, so that the light transmittance of the spherical transparent cover in the non-sanding state can be monitored by the light transmittance sensor, and the sanding rate of the surface of the photovoltaic assembly can be monitored by comparing the two light transmittance sensors; 2, by setting the cyclone dust collector and the protective block, when the natural wind enters the inside of the cyclone dust collector, the natural wind can be accelerated, and the airflow and the sand can be separated, the airflow after separation forms an upward annular air curtain under the action of the protective block, and the annular air curtain cooperates with the top stop, so that the spherical transparent cover is in a protective state, and the sand is prevented from covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover, so that the contrast data in this environment is obtained; 3. By configuring the servo motor, drive gear, and cyclone dust collector, the orientation of the cyclone dust collector's air intake hood can be adjusted. In conjunction with the wind vane, the air intake hood is driven by the servo motor and drive gear to face the direction of airflow, allowing natural wind to directly enter the air intake hood. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the control component in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 for Figure 5 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of region C in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing frame in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cyclone dust collector in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 14 for Figure 13 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the protective block in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 for Figure 15 Another structural diagram from another perspective; Figure 17 forFigure 16 Another structural diagram from a different perspective; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing assembly in an embodiment of the present invention; The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: 1. Photovoltaic module; 11. Photovoltaic bracket; 12. Photovoltaic panel; 13. Glass cover plate; 2. Fixing frame; 21. Fixing base; 22. Support rod; 23. Mounting seat; 24. Annular top block; 25. V-shaped roller; 26. Center hole; 27. Transmission cavity; 28. Protective groove; 3. Cyclone dust collector; 31. Dust collector body; 32. Annular V-shaped guide rail; 33. Gear ring; 34. Horn-shaped air inlet hood; 341. Air collecting hood; 342. Converging tube; 4. Protective block; 41. Inner shell; 42. Outer shell; 43. First connecting block; 44. Second connecting block; 45. Annular air chamber; 46. Annular air nozzle; 47. Spherical transparent cover; 48. Top stop block; 5. First light transmittance sensor; 6. Servo motor; 7. Drive gear; 8. Second light transmittance sensor; 9. Sealing assembly; 91. Inner rubber ring; 92. Outer rubber ring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] Example 1: like Figures 1-4 As shown, a photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covered assessment device includes a photovoltaic module 1 and a control module; The photovoltaic module 1 includes a photovoltaic panel 12 and a glass cover 13. The glass cover 13 is disposed above the photovoltaic panel 12, and a second light transmittance sensor 8 is disposed between the two. The photovoltaic panel 12, the glass cover plate 13, and the second light transmittance sensor 8 are all located inside the photovoltaic support 11. The second light transmittance sensor 8 is located below the glass cover plate 13 and can monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13. Based on the above, the glass cover plate 13 serves to protect the photovoltaic panel 12. It protects the photovoltaic panel 12 without affecting its ability to receive sunlight. The second light transmittance sensor 8 can monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13. As the degree of sand covering the surface of the glass cover plate 13 varies, the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13 also changes accordingly. The lower the light transmittance, the higher the degree of sand covering.

[0018] Example 2: like Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the control assembly includes an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover 47 made of the same material as the glass cover plate 13. The first light transmittance sensor 5 is arranged inside the spherical transparent cover 47. The air curtain protection assembly is arranged at the bottom end of the spherical transparent cover 47 and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover 47. Based on the above, the air curtain protection assembly generates an annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover 47, avoiding the situation of sand covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover 47, thereby ensuring that the spherical transparent cover 47 can not be affected by the degree of sand covering in this environment, and further obtaining the control data of light transmittance, i.e., the data obtained by the first light transmittance sensor 5 is the reference, thereby comparing the data obtained by the second light transmittance sensor 8 to understand the actual change of the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13.

[0019] As shown in Figures 5-7 , Figures 9-11 , the control assembly includes a fixing frame 2 which includes a fixing base 21, a support rod 22, a mounting seat 23 and an annular top block 24 arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The top of the fixing base 21 is designed as a conical surface, and the top end of the conical surface is provided with a plurality of support rods 22 which are arranged in an annular equidistant manner. A plurality of V-shaped rollers 25 are arranged on the inner wall of the annular top block 24 in an annular equidistant manner. A center hole 26 and a protection groove 28 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom at the center of the upper surface of the mounting seat 23. A transmission cavity 27 is arranged in the mounting seat 23 and communicates with the center hole 26. A servo motor 6 is arranged on the upper surface of the mounting seat 23. The output shaft of the servo motor 6 extends into the transmission cavity 27 and is provided with a driving gear 7. Based on the above, the fixing frame 2 is fixed to the ground by the fixing base 21 and anchor bolts. At this time, the support rod 22 plays a role in supporting the mounting seat 23. Since there is a gap between the plurality of support rods 22, the sand and gravel discharged from the cyclone dust collector 3 can be directly discharged and carried away by the wind blown from the gap during the discharge process, thereby reducing the accumulation of sand and gravel. In addition, the design of the conical surface can also diffuse the sand and gravel to the surrounding, further reducing the accumulation of sand and gravel. The V-shaped rollers 25 are arranged in the annular V-shaped guide rail 32 to cooperate with each other and play a role in positioning the cyclone dust collector 3 and enabling the cyclone dust collector 3 to rotate smoothly. At the same time, the arrangement of the protection groove 28 enables the sand discharge opening of the cyclone dust collector 3 to be in a protected state, i.e., to avoid air flow entering the inside of the cyclone dust collector 3 from the sand discharge opening as much as possible. The servo motor 6 and the driving gear 7 cooperate with each other to play a role in adjusting the posture of the cyclone dust collector 3, enabling the air inlet cover of the cyclone dust collector 3 to correspond to the direction of the air flow in the natural environment.

[0020] As shown inFigures 5-8 、 Figures 12-14 As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the air curtain protection assembly comprises a cyclone dust collector 3 and a protection block 4, the cyclone dust collector 3 comprises a dust collector body 31, the dust collector body 31 is arranged above the annular top block 24, and sequentially penetrates the annular top block 24 and the central hole 26, and extends to the inside of the protection groove 28, and the top of the dust collector body 31 is provided with the protection block 4; The outside of the dust collector body 31 is sequentially sleeved with a ring-shaped V-shaped guide rail 32 and a gear ring 33 from top to bottom, the ring-shaped V-shaped guide rail 32 is located inside the annular top block 24, and the outer surface is in close contact with the V-shaped roller 25, the gear ring 33 is located inside the central hole 26, and is in meshing with the driving gear 7, and a horn-shaped air inlet cover 34 which is tangent to the dust collector body 31 is arranged on the circumferential surface of the dust collector body 31, the horn-shaped air inlet cover 34 comprises a wind collecting cover 341, one end of the wind collecting cover 341 is in communication with the dust collector body 31 through a converging pipe 342, the inner wall of the wind collecting cover 341 is an Archimedes spiral surface, and the converging pipe 342 is a Venturi tube, and the end with a small inner diameter of the converging pipe 342 is in communication with the dust collector body 31; Based on the above, the horn-shaped air inlet cover 34 plays a role in collecting natural wind on one hand, and the Archimedes spiral surface and the Venturi tube cooperate with each other to accelerate the natural wind, so that the collected natural wind can be stably accelerated when entering the dust collector body 31, and the design of the Archimedes spiral surface can reduce the resistance of airflow entering and the occurrence of vortex, thereby ensuring the stability when the natural wind enters; The airflow acceleration principle of the Archimedes spiral surface is as follows: The Archimedes spiral surface of the inner wall of the wind collecting cover follows the polar coordinate equation (in which r is the polar radius, θ is the polar angle, a is the spiral coefficient, and b is the initial radius), and the acceleration effect is derived from the guiding integration, resistance reduction and pre-acceleration guidance of the airflow, and the specific principle is as follows: Ordered confluence to avoid energy loss: the natural wind itself has the characteristics of direction dispersion and uneven flow rate, and directly entering the pipeline is easy to produce vortex and airflow collision, causing energy waste. The Archimedes spiral surface guides the natural wind in different directions to a unified spiral motion trajectory with a continuous and gradually changing trajectory. From the opening edge of the wind collecting cover to the converging pipe interface, the polar radius of the spiral line linearly decreases with the polar angle, so that the airflow gradually converges to the center when flowing along the curved surface, avoiding airflow separation and disordered diffusion, and enabling the dispersed wind energy to be concentrated and converted into kinetic energy of directional flow, laying a foundation for subsequent acceleration.

[0021] Gradient angle, smooth acceleration: The helical surface in the device gradually reduces the angle from 30° at the starting end to 15° at the end, forming a "slow-in fast-out" flow guide effect. The larger angle at the starting end can efficiently capture the oblique natural wind, reducing the impact resistance when the airflow enters; the gradually decreasing angle from the middle to the end guides the airflow to slowly change the flow direction during movement, while gradually reducing the flow area. According to the continuity equation of fluid mechanics, under the condition of constant flow, the reduction of flow area will promote the increase of flow speed, and the gradient change avoids the local vortex caused by sudden change of flow speed, realizing the smooth pre-acceleration of airflow.

[0022] Reduce friction resistance and energy loss: The helical surface is a continuous and smooth integrated structure without corners and sudden changes. When the airflow flows along the surface, the boundary layer separation phenomenon is significantly suppressed. Combined with the low friction treatment of the inner wall of the wind collector, the friction coefficient between the airflow and the wall is further reduced, and the energy loss of the airflow during flow is reduced, ensuring that the wind energy is maximized to kinetic energy of the airflow, improving the acceleration efficiency.

[0023] The principle of airflow acceleration of Venturi tube is as follows: The converging pipe adopts the structure of Venturi tube, which includes the inlet section, the converging section, the throat and the diffuser section. The small end of the inner diameter in the device is connected to the main body of the dust collector. The core utilizes the law of energy conversion of fluid to realize the secondary efficient acceleration of airflow, and the specific principle is as follows: Converging section with gradually changing cross section and rapid increase of kinetic energy: The converging section of the Venturi tube is a tapered structure that gradually shrinks from the large-diameter end connected to the wind collector to the small-diameter end of the throat. According to the continuity equation in fluid mechanics (where Q is the flow rate, A is the flow area, and v is the flow speed), when the airflow flows from the converging section, the flow area A gradually decreases, and under the condition of constant flow Q, the airflow speed v must increase. At the same time, according to Bernoulli's equation, the static pressure energy of the airflow will be converted into kinetic energy. At the throat position, the cross-sectional area is the smallest, and the airflow speed reaches the maximum value, realizing the concentrated acceleration of the airflow.

[0024] Throat with stable flow speed to ensure dust removal efficiency: The throat of the Venturi tube is an equal-diameter structure. The accelerated airflow in the converging section forms a stable high-speed airflow at the throat. This design not only avoids the turbulence caused by the sudden change of cross section after acceleration, but also provides a stable inlet wind speed for the subsequent cyclone dust collector. The high-speed airflow entering the cyclone dust collector can generate a stronger centrifugal force, efficiently separating the sand and gravel in the airflow, ensuring that the airflow output to the protective block is clean, and providing protection for the stable formation of the annular air curtain.

[0025] Adapt to the upstream airflow, reduce energy loss: the inlet section of the Venturi tube is smoothly connected with the outlet of the wind collector, and the gradually changing contraction angle is adapted to the airflow trajectory of the end of the Archimedes spiral surface, avoiding the impact and vortex of the airflow at the junction of the two structures. This structural compatibility reduces the energy loss of the airflow during the transition process, so that the airflow pre-accelerated by the spiral surface can smoothly enter the Venturi tube and continue to complete the kinetic energy lifting, realizing the dual effect of "pre-acceleration + concentrated acceleration".

[0026] The gear ring 33 cooperates with the driving gear 7, so that when the servo motor 6 drives the driving gear 7 to rotate, it can drive the cyclone dust collector 3 to rotate through gear transmission, thereby changing the orientation of the horn-shaped air inlet cover 34, so that the airflow direction of the natural wind corresponds to it, so that the natural wind entering the inside of the cyclone dust collector 3 is reduced, and the cyclone dust collector 3 can remove impurities from the natural wind entering it, that is, separate the airflow and the sand, so that the output airflow is clean airflow; And the cyclone dust collector 3 is to collect natural wind and then output after acceleration, so when the wind speed of the natural wind is faster, the output airflow speed is also faster, and the two are in a proportional relationship.

[0027] Embodiment 3: As shown in Figures 5-8 , Figures 15-17 The protective block 4 includes an inner shell 41, which is in communication with the exhaust port of the dust collector body 31, and an outer shell 42 is arranged inside the inner shell 41, and the outer shell 42 and the inner shell 41 are connected by a plurality of first connecting blocks 43 and second connecting blocks 44, the first connecting blocks 43 and the second connecting blocks 44 are respectively arranged in a ring shape and equidistantly distributed, and there is a space between adjacent first connecting blocks 43 and second connecting blocks 44, which can provide airflow circulation, and the inner shell 41 and the outer shell 42 are sequentially provided with a ring-shaped air jet 46 and a ring-shaped air cavity 45 from top to bottom; A spherical transparent cover 47 is arranged on the center of the upper surface of the outer shell 42 through a vertical rod, and a top stop block 48 is arranged on the top of the spherical transparent cover 47 through a vertical rod, the spherical transparent cover 47 is a transparent spherical cover, and its diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the ring-shaped air jet 46, and the top stop block 48 is a inverted cone, and the diameter of the top is larger than the diameter of the ring-shaped air jet 46; Based on the above, the first connecting block 43 and the second connecting block 44 cooperate with each other, so that the inner shell 41 and the outer shell 42 can be connected with each other while the airflow can flow inside, that is, the airflow discharged by the cyclone dust collector 3 flows through the space between the adjacent two first connecting blocks 43 and the adjacent two second connecting blocks 44, so as to ensure that the airflow can enter the inside of the annular air cavity 45 and be sprayed out from the annular air outlet 46. The sprayed airflow forms an upward annular air curtain, which plays a protective role on the spherical transparent cover 47 and avoids direct contact between natural wind and the spherical transparent cover 47, thereby preventing sand carried by the natural wind from covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover 47. The spherical transparent cover 47 can protect the first light transmittance sensor 5 and enable light to penetrate the spherical transparent cover 47 and be received by the first light transmittance sensor 5, so as to monitor the light transmittance of the spherical transparent cover 47, that is, the light transmittance of the material in the current environment when the material is not covered with sand. Comparing the light transmittance with the baseline can determine the degree of sand covering the surface of the glass cover plate 13. The spherical design of the spherical transparent cover 47 can also avoid sand covering and ensure that the data detected by the first light transmittance sensor 5 is not affected by sand. The top block 48 can prevent sand from covering the surface of the spherical transparent cover 47 when the airflow flows from top to bottom. The inverted cone can make the airflow stable when it spreads out after colliding with the conical surface, thereby avoiding turbulence.

[0028] As shown in Figure 18 The annular air outlet 46 is provided with a sealing assembly 9, which includes an inner rubber ring 91 and an outer rubber ring 92. The inner rubber ring 91 is arranged along the outer edge of the upper surface of the outer shell 42, and the outer rubber ring 92 is arranged along the inner edge of the upper surface of the inner shell 41 and contacts the inner rubber ring 91. The cross section of the sealing assembly 9 is in the shape of a chevron. Based on the above, the sealing assembly 9 can seal the annular air outlet 46. When there is no wind, sand cannot enter the inside of the annular air outlet 46. When there is wind, the inner rubber ring 91 and the outer rubber ring 92 elastically deform during the annular airflow spraying process, and an annular gap is formed between the two, through which the airflow is sprayed to form an annular air curtain.

[0029] Example 4 A method for using a photovoltaic panel inspection sand covering evaluation device includes the following steps: S1, according to the photovoltaic panel setting control component, so that the first light transmittance sensor 5 in the control component is in the light range, that is, the area without shadow coverage, ensure that the first light transmittance sensor can obtain stable light data, and set the wind direction instrument, the wind direction instrument controls the servo motor 6 through the controller, the wind direction instrument selects the common wind direction instrument in the prior art, the wind direction instrument can monitor the wind direction in the environment, and whether the servo motor 6 is started is determined through the controller, and the rotating direction and rotating angle of the servo motor 6 are controlled, here, the angle sensor can also be used together, which can more accurately monitor the rotating angle of the servo motor 6; S2, the wind direction is monitored by the wind direction instrument, and the orientation of the horn type air inlet cover 34 is adjusted by driving the servo motor 6, so that the horn type air inlet cover 34 faces the direction of the wind direction, that is, the natural wind can directly blow into the inside of the horn type air inlet cover 34, the servo motor 6 drives the driving gear 7 to rotate, and drives the gear ring 33 and the dust collector main body 31 through gear transmission, the dust collector main body 31 drives the horn type air inlet cover 34 to rotate in the process of rotating, so as to change the orientation of the horn type air inlet cover 34, ensure that it can adapt to the wind direction of the natural wind, so that the natural wind can directly blow into the inside of the horn type air inlet cover 34, realize the collection of the natural wind, the collected natural wind is input into the inside of the cyclone dust collector 3 through the action of the Archimedes spiral surface and the Venturi tube, and is output from the exhaust port of the cyclone dust collector 3, the airflow output cooperates with the protection block 4, generates an annular air curtain, and protects the spherical transparent cover 47; S3, the data of the first light transmittance sensor 5 and the second light transmittance sensor 8 are collected and compared, so as to obtain the deviation value of the glass cover plate 13 transmittance relative to the conventional state, that is, the sand coverage rate is monitored through the deviation value, the second light transmittance sensor 8 can monitor the light transmittance of the glass cover plate 13, and the first light transmittance sensor 5 can monitor the light transmittance of the spherical transparent cover 47 of the same material, by comparing the data of the two, the degree of sand coverage on the surface of the glass cover plate 13 is known.

[0030] Finally, the present application sets up the photovoltaic assembly and the control component, obtains the reference light transmittance and the actual light transmittance through the first and second light transmittance sensors, and the material of the spherical transparent cover 47 is consistent with that of the glass cover plate 13, so that the interference of material difference and light environment change on the monitoring result is eliminated, and the precision of sand coverage rate evaluation is greatly improved; The cyclone dust collector 3 in the control component can separate the sand particles in the airflow, the protection block can generate a stable annular air curtain, cooperate with the top block 48 to form a full-range protection system, effectively avoid the spherical transparent cover 47 from being covered by wind sand, and ensure that the reference data is long-term stable and reliable; meanwhile, the sealing assembly 9 seals the annular air jet port 46 in the absence of wind, further preventing sand particles from entering; Through the linkage design of the anemorumbometer, the servo motor 6, the gear transmission mechanism and the cyclone dust collector 3, the wind direction can be tracked in real time, the orientation of the horn-shaped air inlet cover 34 can be adjusted, the natural wind can be maximized to collect, the continuous stability of the annular air curtain can be ensured, the climate characteristics of the changeable wind direction in the desert area are adapted, the device does not need to rely on manual or unmanned aerial vehicle inspection, the real-time monitoring of the sand covering state of the photovoltaic panel is realized, and the operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced.

[0031] The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred technical solutions of the present application, and should not be regarded as a limitation of the present application. The protection scope of the present application should be based on the technical solutions recited in the claims, including equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features recited in the claims. That is, equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device, characterized in that: Includes photovoltaic modules (1) and control modules; The photovoltaic module (1) includes a photovoltaic panel (12) and a glass cover (13), with the glass cover (13) positioned above the photovoltaic panel (12) and a second light transmittance sensor (8) positioned between them. The control assembly includes an air curtain protection assembly and a spherical transparent cover (47). The spherical transparent cover (47) is equipped with a first light transmittance sensor (5). The air curtain protection assembly is located at the bottom of the spherical transparent cover (47) and can generate an upward annular air curtain to protect the spherical transparent cover (47).

2. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (12), the glass cover plate (13), and the second transmittance sensor (8) are all located inside the photovoltaic bracket (11). The second transmittance sensor (8) is located below the glass cover plate (13) and can monitor the transmittance of the glass cover plate (13).

3. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reference component includes a fixing frame (2), which includes a fixing base (21), a support rod (22), a mounting base (23), and an annular top block (24) arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The top of the fixing base (21) is a conical design, and multiple support rods (22) are provided at the top of the conical surface. The multiple support rods (22) are distributed in an annular equidistant manner. Multiple V-shaped rollers (25) are provided on the inner wall of the annular top block (24). The multiple V-shaped rollers (25) are distributed in an annular equidistant manner.

4. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting base (23) has a central hole (26) and a protective groove (28) arranged from top to bottom at the center of the upper surface. The mounting base (23) has a transmission cavity (27) inside, which is connected to the central hole (26). The mounting base (23) has a servo motor (6) on its upper surface. The output shaft of the servo motor (6) extends into the transmission cavity (27) and has a drive gear (7).

5. A photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air curtain protection assembly includes a cyclone dust collector (3) and a protective block (4). The cyclone dust collector (3) includes a dust collector body (31). The dust collector body (31) is located above the annular top block (24) and passes through the annular top block (24) and the central hole (26) in sequence, and extends into the interior of the protective groove (28). The protective block (4) is provided on the top of the dust collector body (31).

6. The photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dust collector body (31) is fitted with an annular V-shaped guide rail (32) and a gear ring (33) from top to bottom. The annular V-shaped guide rail (32) is located inside the annular top block (24) and its outer surface is in close contact with the V-shaped roller (25). The gear ring (33) is located inside the central hole (26) and meshes with the drive gear (7). A horn-shaped air intake hood (34) is provided on the circumferential surface of the dust collector body (31). The horn-shaped air intake hood (34) includes an air collecting hood (341). One end of the air collecting hood (341) is connected to the dust collector body (31) through a converging tube (342). The inner wall of the air collecting hood (341) is an Archimedean spiral surface. The converging tube (342) is a Venturi tube, and its smaller inner diameter end is connected to the dust collector body (31).

7. A photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The protective block (4) includes an inner shell (41), which is connected to the exhaust port of the dust collector body (31). An outer shell (42) is provided inside the inner shell (41). The outer shell (42) and the inner shell (41) are connected to each other by multiple first connecting blocks (43) and second connecting blocks (44). The multiple first connecting blocks (43) and second connecting blocks (44) are distributed in a ring at equal intervals. There is space between two adjacent first connecting blocks (43) and between two adjacent second connecting blocks (44) to supply airflow. An annular jet nozzle (46) and an annular air chamber (45) are arranged between the inner shell (41) and the outer shell (42) from top to bottom.

8. A photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A spherical transparent cover (47) is provided at the center of the upper surface of the outer shell (42) via a vertical rod. A top stop (48) is provided at the top of the spherical transparent cover (47) via a vertical rod. The spherical transparent cover (47) is a transparent spherical cover with a diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the annular jet nozzle (46). The top stop (48) is an inverted cone with a top diameter larger than the diameter of the annular jet nozzle (46).

9. A photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A sealing assembly (9) is provided at the annular jet nozzle (46). The sealing assembly (9) includes an inner rubber ring (91) and an outer rubber ring (92). The inner rubber ring (91) is provided along the outer edge of the upper surface of the outer shell (42), and the outer rubber ring (92) is provided along the inner edge of the upper surface of the inner shell (41) and is in contact with the inner rubber ring (91). The cross-section of the sealing assembly (9) is herringbone.

10. A method of using the photovoltaic panel inspection and sand-covering assessment device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Set up a reference component according to the photovoltaic panel so that the first transmittance sensor (5) inside the reference component is in the illumination range, that is, the area without shadow coverage, and set up a wind vane. The wind vane controls the servo motor (6) through the controller. S2. The wind direction is monitored by the wind vane, and the orientation of the horn-shaped air intake (34) is adjusted by driving the servo motor (6) so that the horn-shaped air intake (34) faces the wind direction, that is, the natural wind can directly blow into the interior of the horn-shaped air intake (34). S3. By collecting and comparing the data from the first light transmittance sensor (5) and the second light transmittance sensor (8), the deviation value of the light transmittance of the glass cover plate (13) relative to the normal state is obtained, that is, the sand covering rate is monitored by the deviation value.

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