Construction site fire safety management system and equipment based on Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fire alarm, in particular to a construction site fire safety management system and equipment based on the Internet of Things. Specifically, a first warning ring, a second warning ring and a third warning ring are formed on the ground; wherein the first warning ring is used for limiting a safe construction range; the second warning ring is used for limiting the maximum safety range under the current stage of scorching particle splashing on the basis of an infrared imaging technology; and the third warning ring is used for tracking the glowing particles escaping from the second warning ring. Interaction between the warning unit and the monitoring unit is achieved through the Internet of Things so as to improve the high efficiency and flexibility of the fire alarm, meanwhile, the first warning ring, the second warning ring and the third warning ring are formed on the ground based on the infrared imaging technology so as to track burning particles such as sparks in time, and the purposes of early warning and alarming are achieved. And the sputtering range is divided in time, so that inflammables are far away from hot particles, and potential safety hazards are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire alarm technology, and more specifically, to an Internet of Things-based fire safety management system and equipment for construction sites. Background Technology

[0002] Fire alarms are now widely used on construction sites, but the integration of fire alarms with networks is mostly limited to factories and homes. In the early stages of construction sites, network equipment is not yet fully developed, making it difficult to effectively manage fire safety in conjunction with fire alarms. As a result, the work still largely relies on workers' strict adherence to fire safety regulations.

[0003] However, construction sites often involve grinding, welding, and cutting, and these processing equipment often generate a large number of sparks (i.e., hot particles). Workers have difficulty controlling the range of these sparks, and sparks can easily fall onto flammable materials, creating fire safety hazards. In such cases, smoke and heat detectors are unable to play their early warning role.

[0004] Moreover, grinding, welding, and cutting equipment are highly flexible, so the processing location is often changed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fire safety management system and equipment for construction sites based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to solve the problems of current fire alarms failing to effectively monitor sparks and lacking flexibility. Therefore, this invention aims to achieve interaction between the warning unit and the monitoring unit through the IoT to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the fire alarm. At the same time, based on infrared imaging technology, a first warning circle, a second warning circle, and a third warning circle are formed on the ground to track hot sparks in a timely manner, achieving the purpose of early warning and alarm, as well as timely division of the splash range, keeping flammable materials away from hot sparks, thereby reducing safety hazards.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, one objective of the present invention is to provide a construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), which includes an IoT unit, a monitoring unit, and an alarm unit. The alarm unit and the monitoring unit interact based on the IoT constructed by the IoT unit. The alarm unit is used to form a first alarm circle, a second alarm circle, and a third alarm circle on the ground.

[0007] The first warning circle is used to define the safe construction area;

[0008] The second warning circle defines the maximum safe range under the current stage of hot particle splashing based on infrared imaging technology;

[0009] The third warning circle is used to track scorching particles that escape from the second warning circle;

[0010] The monitoring unit is used to collect image information with a first warning circle, a second warning circle and a third warning circle, and to identify flammable materials within the second warning circle. If the identification is successful, an alarm signal is issued.

[0011] As a further improvement to this technical solution, infrared imaging technology is used to obtain the temperature distribution near the first warning circle, and the radius of the second warning circle is determined based on the temperature distribution.

[0012] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the radius of the second warning circle only increases and never decreases.

[0013] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the third warning circle is used to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the scorching particles that escape from the second warning circle, including the number, distribution density, temperature and trajectory.

[0014] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the monitoring unit includes the following for situations involving flammable materials within the second warning zone:

[0015] Flammable materials attached to the second warning ring from the outside;

[0016] Flammable materials that extend beyond the second warning zone;

[0017] Flammable materials located entirely within the second warning zone.

[0018] As a further improvement to this technical solution, a triggering condition is formed based on the number, temperature, and distribution density of the scorching particles escaping from the second warning circle. When the triggering condition is met, the radius of the second warning circle is adaptively increased.

[0019] The second objective of this invention is to provide a device for mounting a fire safety management system for construction sites based on the Internet of Things, which includes a fire alarm rack for mounting the fire safety management system and a construction space, wherein the fire alarm rack can be moved freely within the construction space;

[0020] The fire alarm rack includes a column, a warning unit mounting arm, and a monitoring unit mounting arm, both of which are mounted on the column.

[0021] The monitoring unit mounting arm is positioned above the warning unit mounting arm;

[0022] The column is equipped with an IoT box, which contains a coordinator, router and terminal devices;

[0023] A fire alarm is installed at the bottom of the column, which interacts with the monitoring unit.

[0024] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the monitoring unit mounting arm and the warning unit mounting arm are set at 90°.

[0025] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the fire alarm consists of a housing, flashing lights, and a sounder. The housing is installed at the bottom in a position that is easy for staff to notice, the flashing lights are located at the four corners of the housing, and the sounder is located on the four side walls of the housing.

[0026] As a further improvement to this technical solution, the monitoring unit includes a monitoring camera for acquiring images within the construction space, and the monitoring camera is installed below the monitoring unit's mounting arm.

[0027] The warning unit includes an infrared detector and a warning circle projector. The warning circle projector includes a first laser emitter, a second laser emitter, and a third laser emitter. The infrared detector, the first laser emitter, the second laser emitter, and the third laser emitter are all installed below the arm of the warning unit. The first laser emitter is used to project a first warning circle, which is located directly below the infrared detector. The second laser emitter is used to project a second warning circle, and the third laser emitter is used to project a third warning circle. The third laser emitter is a multi-head design, which can simultaneously track multiple hot particles that escape from the second warning circle.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] 1. This IoT-based construction site fire safety management system and equipment utilizes the characteristic that hot particles emit strong infrared radiation due to their high temperature. It employs infrared imaging technology in conjunction with a second laser emitter to project a second warning circle on the ground, and then uses a third laser emitter to project a third warning circle on the ground to track hot particles that escape from the second warning circle. This achieves timely early warning and alarm, solving the shortcomings of current heat and smoke detectors in terms of spark splashing. At the same time, the second warning circle can also define the maximum safe range under the current stage of hot particle splashing, thereby reducing the safety hazards caused by spark splashing on construction sites.

[0030] 2. In this IoT-based construction site fire safety management system and equipment, a temporary and portable fire safety management platform is built by combining IoT and fire alarm racks, thereby improving the system's adaptability on construction sites.

[0031] 3. In this IoT-based construction site fire safety management system and equipment, thermal images are indirectly displayed on the ground using a first warning circle, a second warning circle, and a third warning circle. In this way, the monitoring unit can obtain the information to be expressed by the thermal image by collecting the image without the need for additional data transmission. Moreover, the first warning circle, the second warning circle, and the third warning circle can be displayed in the image to facilitate the analysis of the on-site situation later. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system composition and fire alarm rack structure of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fire alarm rack structure, the Internet of Things box, and the fire alarm device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the warning unit mounting arm and the monitoring unit mounting arm of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged view of the structure at point I;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fire alarm device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second warning ring of the present invention.

[0038] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows:

[0039] A. First warning zone; B. Second warning zone; C. Third warning zone;

[0040] 100. Fire alarm rack; 110. Column; 120. Warning unit mounting arm; 130. Monitoring unit mounting arm; 150. IoT box; 160. Fire alarm; 161. Housing; 162. Flashing light; 163. Sounder;

[0041] 200. Construction space;

[0042] 300. Surveillance camera; 400. Infrared detector; 500. Warning circle projector; 510. First laser emitter; 520. Second laser emitter; 530. Third laser emitter. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] See Figure 1 As shown, one embodiment proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based fire safety management system for construction sites, which includes an IoT unit, a monitoring unit, and an alarm unit. The alarm unit and the monitoring unit interact based on the IoT built by the IoT unit. Considering that there is no wireless network in the construction site, the IoT unit needs to use IoT technology to realize the interaction between the alarm unit and the monitoring unit. The specific interaction method is described in detail below.

[0045] The primary purpose of this embodiment is to provide an alarm for fires caused by sparks (i.e., hot particles, referred to as hot particles hereinafter) generated during welding and cutting operations on construction sites. This aims to achieve more targeted fire safety management at construction sites. Specifically, the alarm unit creates a first warning circle A, a second warning circle B, and a third warning circle C on the ground of the construction site.

[0046] The first warning circle A is used to define the safe construction area. Preferably, the radius of the first warning circle A is 0.3-0.7m, depending on the welding or cutting equipment. This is because if the first warning circle A is too large compared to the welding or cutting equipment, it is difficult to place the welding or cutting equipment in the center of the first warning circle A. If it is too small, the purpose of safe construction cannot be achieved.

[0047] During construction, place the welding or cutting equipment in the center of the first warning circle A as much as possible, so that the welding or cutting equipment is within the safe construction area defined by the first warning circle A, and ensure that there are no flammable materials, such as cardboard boxes, plastic bags, paint, wood, foam materials, etc., within the safe construction area.

[0048] However, the behavior of hot particles splattering during welding or cutting equipment operation is uncontrollable, and the reasons for this uncontrollability are as follows:

[0049] 1. The operator's skill level and experience will affect the generation and direction of splashes; different operating methods may lead to different splash situations.

[0050] 2. Differences in melting point, thermal conductivity, and chemical properties of different materials result in variations in the number and behavior of spatter particles generated during welding or cutting;

[0051] 3. Environmental factors such as the shielding gas used during welding, wind speed, and airflow direction can also affect the distribution of spatter particles;

[0052] 4. The placement and settings of welding or cutting equipment (such as current, speed, welding angle, etc.) directly affect the generation of spatter;

[0053] 5. The speed and manner in which splashed particles cool in the air also affect their landing position and state.

[0054] Therefore, the first warning zone A only provides a temporary safe construction area at the beginning. On the one hand, it ensures a safe working environment at the beginning, and on the other hand, it defines a specific construction location. Flammable materials will be consciously placed away from the first warning zone A to reduce the fire hazard at the construction site. However, in order to deal with the uncontrollable behavior of hot particles splashing, a second warning zone B is set up on the basis of the first warning zone A.

[0055] The second warning circle B defines the maximum safe range under the current stage of hot particle splashing based on infrared imaging technology (the maximum safe range is not the maximum range of hot particle splashing). The current stage can be the processing stage of a process or the processing stage of a workpiece. There is no clear boundary between the current stage and the next stage, so manual intervention is required to end the current stage.

[0056] It's important to note here that hot particles emit strong infrared radiation due to their high temperature. Therefore, by capturing infrared radiation of different wavelengths, a thermal image can be created. Then, Gaussian filtering or median filtering can be used to remove image noise. The Gaussian filtering formula is as follows:

[0057] ;

[0058] In the formula, coordinate point The Gaussian function value at that point is the weight of the filter; σ represents the standard deviation, which controls the width of the Gaussian distribution. The larger the standard deviation, the wider the influence range of the filter and the higher the degree of image blurring; the smaller the standard deviation, the narrower the influence range and the more details the image retains; x and y represent the horizontal and vertical distances of the current pixel relative to the center of the filter, respectively. Typically, the values ​​of x and y range from −k to k, where k is the radius of the filter; π is pi, approximately 3.14159, which is the constant part of the Gaussian function.

[0059] Then, a smoothed image is obtained through a convolution operation. Let's assume we have a simple 5×5 grayscale image as the input image:

[0060] I = [[10, 10, 10, 10, 10],

[0061] [10, 50, 50, 50, 10],

[0062] [10, 50, 100, 50, 10],

[0063] [10, 50, 50, 50, 10],

[0064] [10, 10, 10, 10, 10]].

[0065] Choose a standard deviation σ=1 and construct a 3×3 Gaussian kernel. The output Gaussian kernel is: [[0.05854983 0.09653235 0.05854983] [0.09653235 0.15915494 0.09653235]

[0068] [0.05854983 0.09653235 0.05854983]].

[0069] The Gaussian kernel is convolved with the input image. The convolution formula is:

[0070] ;

[0071] In the formula, For the output image; k = (size−1) / 2.

[0072] The smoothed image output after convolution is: [[10 10 10 10 10] [10 36 45 36 10] [10 45 60 45 10] [10 36 45 36 10]

[0077] [10 10 10 10 10]].

[0078] Next, the temperature distribution near the first warning circle A is obtained through thermal imaging. Based on this temperature distribution, the radius of the second warning circle B is determined. Until the current welding or cutting phase is completed, the radius of the second warning circle B only increases, never decreases. In other words, the purpose of the second warning circle B is to compensate for the shortcomings of the first warning circle A, namely, its inability to adapt to the uncontrollable situation of scorching particles in the splashes, thus defining a new range (maximum safe range). At this point, flammable materials within this new range need to be removed to reduce fire hazards at the construction site. However, it should be noted that... (See...) Figure 6As shown, flammable items a that are attached to the second warning ring B from the outside, flammable items b that span both inside and outside the second warning ring B, and flammable items c that are completely located within the second warning ring B must all be moved out of the maximum safe area.

[0079] Specifically, a suitable temperature threshold T is selected to distinguish the splashing hot particles from the background, and binarization is performed: binary_image = cv2.threshold(image_blur, T, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY). The connected component labeling algorithm is then used to identify regions in the binary image above the temperature threshold T.

[0080] `num_labels, labels_im = cv2.connectedComponents(binary_image.astype(np.uint8))` calculates the area and center point of each connected region (some connected regions will be groups of glowing particles, not individual glowing particles). Regions whose center points are located outside the first warning circle A are selected as escaping glowing particles. The center coordinates (Cx, Cy) and radius R1 of the first warning circle A are set. For the center point (Cxi, Cyi) of each connected region, it is checked whether the following conditions are met:

[0081] .

[0082] Calculate the maximum distance of the escaping particles: Iterate through the center points of all escaping hot particles, calculate their distances to the center of the first warning circle A, and find the maximum value, i.e.:

[0083] max_distance = 0

[0084] for label in range(1, num_labels):

[0085] if is_escape_particle(label): # Custom function to determine if it is an escape particle

[0086] distance = np.sqrt((C_{x_i} - C_x)**2 + (C_{y_i} - C_y)**2)

[0087] if distance > max_distance:

[0088] max_distance = distance.

[0089] Where R2 = max_distance.

[0090] Based on the calculated radius R2 of the second warning circle B, the second warning circle B and the first warning circle A are concentric circles.

[0091] In addition, the third warning circle C is used to track the hot particles that escape from the second warning circle B. Like the second warning circle B, it is also based on infrared imaging technology. However, its main purpose is to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the hot particles that escape from the second warning circle B, such as their number, distribution density, temperature, and trajectory. Specifically, it tracks the connected regions mentioned above. For visualization purposes, the third warning circle C is constructed with the center point (Cxi, Cyi) of the connected regions. The third warning circle C can be circular, triangular, or rectangular. The third warning circle C is used to track the hot particles that escape from the second warning circle B, thereby alerting on-site personnel and further reducing fire hazards at the construction site.

[0092] In addition, the monitoring unit is used to collect image information with the first warning circle A, the second warning circle B, and the third warning circle C, and to identify flammable materials within the second warning circle B. Figure 6 If any one of the following conditions is met (flammable substance a, flammable substance b, or flammable substance c), the identification is considered successful, and an alarm signal will be issued upon successful identification.

[0093] In another embodiment, since many construction sites need to be built indoors, the space is limited. If the maximum safety range is increased without limit, the space available for construction materials will be reduced, which is unreasonable. Therefore, a third warning circle C is set up on the basis of the first warning circle A and the second warning circle B.

[0094] The third warning circle C is used to track the scorching particles escaping from the second warning circle B. Like the second warning circle B, it is also based on infrared imaging technology. However, the purpose of the third warning circle C is to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the extracted scorching particles, such as the number (i.e., i in the previous embodiment), distribution density (i.e., the area of ​​the connected region in the previous embodiment, which is also the area of ​​the third warning circle C), temperature (the color of the connected region in the thermal image, which is also the color of the third warning circle C; thus, the color of the third warning circle C displayed on the ground is adapted to the temperature, specifically the same as the color in the thermal image), and movement trajectory (the changing trajectory of the connected region). Moreover, based on the number, temperature, and distribution density of the scorching particles escaping from the second warning circle B... The temperature reaches a certain level, forming a triggering condition. This triggering condition indicates that the possibility of the hot particles causing a fire is already very high. Therefore, when the triggering condition is reached, the radius of the second warning circle B is adaptively increased. On the one hand, this prevents the appearance of hot particles with a very low probability of causing a fire from enlarging the second warning circle B, resulting in a situation where there is nowhere to put the construction materials. On the other hand, the third warning circle C serves as a reminder, tracking the hot particles that escape from the second warning circle B, and using the third warning circle C to remind on-site personnel (for better reminder effect, the third warning circle C can flash), further reducing the fire hazard at the construction site (as mentioned in the previous embodiment).

[0095] There are many ways to determine the triggering condition. The following are some examples:

[0096] In the first scenario, without cooperating with the monitoring unit for determination, the number and temperature of scorching particles are considered. The trigger condition is: if more than 100 scorching particles are detected and their temperature exceeds 300°C, the trigger effect is: due to the double exceedance of quantity and temperature, the second warning circle B is immediately expanded to ensure that the construction materials in the surrounding area are effectively protected.

[0097] Temperature + Distribution Density, Triggering Condition: Temperature reaches 250°C and the area of ​​the connected zone exceeds 0.2 square meters, Triggering Effect: The combination of temperature and distribution density indicates that there is a high fire risk in the area, therefore the second warning zone B is expanded to prevent the fire from spreading.

[0098] The number and density of glowing particles trigger conditions: the number of glowing particles is 50 and the area of ​​the connected region exceeds 0.4 square meters. The trigger effect is: although the temperature does not reach a high value, the combination of particle number and density indicates a potential risk. The second warning circle B is expanded to reduce the risk.

[0099] Single high temperature trigger, trigger condition: temperature exceeds 400°C, trigger effect: even if the number of hot particles is small, a single high temperature is enough to trigger an alarm, expanding the second warning circle B to ensure safety.

[0100] It should be noted that the above triggering conditions are for illustrative purposes only. In practice, the specific numerical parameters of the triggering conditions will be determined based on the actual conditions of the construction site, especially the construction materials. Therefore, the triggering conditions can be adjusted manually according to the actual situation.

[0101] In the second scenario, the determination is made in conjunction with the monitoring unit. Since the monitoring unit can identify flammable materials on site, it can determine whether the hot particles can land on the flammable materials based on the movement trajectory of the third warning circle C in the image collected by the monitoring unit. Only hot particles that can land on the flammable materials can trigger the triggering condition. The triggering condition was specifically illustrated in the first scenario and will not be repeated here.

[0102] Therefore, we need to leverage the Internet of Things (IoT) to enable interaction between the warning unit and the monitoring unit, specifically using Zigbee technology. The foundation of Zigbee technology is the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which defines the physical layer (PHY) and media access control layer (MAC) and is specifically designed for low-speed wireless personal area networks (LR-WPAN). This standard provides the basic technical framework for communication between Zigbee devices, specifically consisting of the network layer, application layer, application layer protocols, and security mechanisms.

[0103] On construction sites, Zigbee technology can be used to interconnect warning units and monitoring units. For example, the infrared detector 400 and the monitoring camera 300 mentioned below can interact through the Zigbee protocol. The infrared detector 400 can send a message to the coordinator in the network. After receiving the message, the coordinator can further notify the monitoring camera 300 to start collecting data. The whole process does not rely on the Internet and can be completed only through local communication between the devices. Thus, the Internet of Things brings high portability and practicality to the application of the above solution on construction sites.

[0104] In another embodiment, a device equipped with an Internet of Things-based fire safety management system for construction sites is provided, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, the equipment includes a fire alarm rack 100 for mounting a fire safety management system and a construction space 200. The fire alarm rack 100 can be moved freely within the construction space 200, so that the fire alarm rack 100 can be moved according to the location of the welding or cutting equipment, which will make it more versatile. Moreover, a construction space 200 can be equipped with a corresponding number of fire alarm racks 100 according to the number of welding or cutting equipment.

[0105] like Figure 2As shown, the fire alarm bracket 100 includes a column 110, a warning unit mounting arm 120, and a monitoring unit mounting arm 130. Both the monitoring unit mounting arm 130 and the warning unit mounting arm 120 are mounted on the column 110 via connecting sleeves. Nuts on the connecting sleeves are used to fix the monitoring unit mounting arm 130 and the warning unit mounting arm 120, allowing for adjustments to their positions on the column 110. However, the monitoring unit mounting arm 130 is always positioned on the warning unit mounting arm 120. This ensures that the upward movement of the monitoring unit mounting arm 130 and the downward movement of the warning unit mounting arm 120 do not interfere with each other, thus guaranteeing both the viewing angle acquired by the monitoring unit and the stability of the thermal image from the warning unit.

[0106] Preferably, the monitoring unit mounting arm 130 and the warning unit mounting arm 120 are set at 90°. The purpose of this setting is to minimize the interference of the warning unit mounting arm 120 to the monitoring unit.

[0107] Figure 2 In the middle, the pillar 110 is equipped with an IoT box 150, which contains a coordinator, a router and terminal devices. Each device plays a different role in the Internet of Things. The coordinator is the initiator of the network, the router is responsible for forwarding data, and the terminal devices usually only communicate with the router or coordinator.

[0108] Furthermore, considering that construction sites are generally noisy and dusty, it is difficult for workers to notice changes in the second warning zone B and the third warning zone C immediately. Therefore, please refer to... Figure 2 As shown, a fire alarm 160 is installed at the bottom of the column 110 in a position that is easy for staff to notice. The fire alarm 160 interacts with the monitoring unit, and its main purpose is to send a fire warning or fire alarm signal to the on-site staff in a timely manner.

[0109] The reason for placing it at the bottom of column 110 is that on-site processing workers usually squat down to work, so placing it at the bottom makes it easier for them to notice.

[0110] For details, see Figure 5 As shown, the fire alarm 160 consists of a housing 161, a flashing light 162, and a sounder 163. The housing 161 is installed at the bottom of the 110 in a position that is easy for staff to notice. The flashing light 162 is located at the four corners of the housing 161, and the sounder 163 is located on the four side walls of the housing 161. Once the monitoring unit issues an alarm signal, the flashing light 162 flashes, and the four sounders 163 simultaneously emit an alarm sound.

[0111] See Figure 3As shown, in this embodiment, the monitoring unit includes a monitoring camera 300, which is used to collect images within the construction space 200. The monitoring camera 300 is installed below the monitoring unit's mounting arm 130. (See attached image) Figure 4 As shown, the warning unit includes an infrared detector 400 and a warning circle projector 500. The warning circle projector 500 includes a first laser emitter 510, a second laser emitter 520, and a third laser emitter 530. The infrared detector 400, the first laser emitter 510, the second laser emitter 520, and the third laser emitter 530 are all installed below the warning unit mounting arm 120. The first laser emitter 510 is used to project a first warning circle A, which is located directly below the infrared detector 400. The second laser emitter 520 is used to project a second warning circle B, and the third laser emitter 530 is used to project a third warning circle C. The third laser emitter 530 is a multi-head design, which enables it to simultaneously track multiple hot particles escaping from the second warning circle B.

[0112] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things (IoT), comprising an IoT unit, a monitoring unit, and an alert unit, wherein the alert unit and the monitoring unit interact based on the IoT network constructed by the IoT unit, characterized in that, The warning unit is used to form a first warning circle (A), a second warning circle (B) and a third warning circle (C) on the ground. The first warning circle (A) is used to define the safe construction area; The second warning circle (B) defines the maximum safe range under the current stage of hot particle splashing based on infrared imaging technology; The third warning circle (C) is used to track scorching particles that escape from the second warning circle (B); The monitoring unit is used to collect image information with a first warning circle (A), a second warning circle (B) and a third warning circle (C), and to identify flammable materials within the second warning circle (B). If the identification is successful, an alarm signal is issued.

2. The construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Infrared imaging technology is used to obtain the temperature distribution near the first warning circle (A), and the radius of the second warning circle (B) is determined based on the temperature distribution.

3. The construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radius of the second warning circle (B) only increases and never decreases.

4. The construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third warning circle (C) is used to reflect the dynamic characteristics of the scorching particles that escape from the second warning circle (B), including the number, distribution density, temperature and trajectory.

5. The construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring unit includes the following situations regarding flammable materials belonging to the second warning zone (B): Flammable materials attached to the second warning ring (B) from the outside; Flammable materials that extend beyond or into the second warning zone (B); Flammable materials located entirely within the second warning zone (B).

6. The construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that, Triggering conditions are formed based on the number, temperature, and distribution density of scorching particles escaping from the second warning circle (B). When the triggering conditions are met, the radius of the second warning circle (B) is adaptively increased.

7. A device for mounting a construction site fire safety management system based on the Internet of Things according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising a fire alarm rack (100) for mounting the fire safety management system and a construction space (200), characterized in that, The fire alarm rack (100) can be moved freely within the construction space (200); The fire alarm rack (100) includes a column (110), a warning unit mounting arm (120), and a monitoring unit mounting arm (130), wherein the monitoring unit mounting arm (130) and the warning unit mounting arm (120) are both mounted on the column (110); The monitoring unit mounting arm (130) is positioned above the warning unit mounting arm (120); The column (110) is equipped with an Internet of Things box (150), which contains a coordinator, a router and terminal devices; A fire alarm (160) is installed at the bottom of the column (110), which interacts with the monitoring unit.

8. The mounting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The monitoring unit mounting arm (130) and the warning unit mounting arm (120) are set at 90°.

9. The mounting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The fire alarm (160) consists of a housing (161), a flashing light (162), and a sounder (163). The housing (161) is installed at the bottom of (110) in a position that is easy for staff to notice. The flashing light (162) is located at the four corners of the housing (161), and the sounder (163) is located on the four side walls of the housing (161).

10. The mounting device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The monitoring unit includes a monitoring camera (300) for capturing images within the construction space (200), and the monitoring camera (300) is mounted below the monitoring unit mounting arm (130); The warning unit includes an infrared detector (400) and a warning ring projector (500). The warning ring projector (500) includes a first laser emitter (510), a second laser emitter (520), and a third laser emitter (530). The infrared detector (400), the first laser emitter (510), the second laser emitter (520), and the third laser emitter (530) are all installed below the warning unit mounting arm (120). The first laser emitter (510) is used to project a first warning ring (A), which is located directly below the infrared detector (400). The second laser emitter (520) is used to project a second warning ring (B), and the third laser emitter (530) is used to project a third warning ring (C). The third laser emitter (530) is a multi-head design and can simultaneously track multiple hot particles escaping from the second warning ring (B).

Images