Ultrahigh-definition light-emitting diode (LED) sound transmission screen capable of effectively improving sound transmission spectrum characteristic

Abstract

According to the ultra-high-definition LED sound transmission screen capable of effectively improving the sound transmission spectrum characteristic, each sound transmission hole is formed in the lamp bead gap of the LED lamp bead array and avoids the area where the driving chip is located, the circuit can be prevented from being damaged, and the product yield can be improved. Besides, the upper limit of the hole pattern size is set according to the pixel pitch, the circular sound transmission holes, the elliptical sound transmission holes and the rectangular sound transmission holes are arranged in a partitioned manner, random fine adjustment is performed in respective allowable size ranges, and a quasi-random arrangement mode is adopted, so that the full-band sound transmission flatness is remarkably improved on the premise that the display function is not damaged, and the display effect is improved. The low and medium frequency sound transmission efficiency is improved, and harmonic distortion and sound dyeing caused by the fact that sound penetrates through the PCB substrate are further eliminated, so that the auditory experience of audiences is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sound, light, electricity and display technology, and in particular to an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of semiconductor display technology, the use of ultra-high-definition LED displays to replace traditional screens in cinemas and theaters has become a trend. Ultra-high-definition LED displays, with their high contrast, high brightness, wide color gamut, and excellent color reproduction capabilities, can provide a visual immersion far exceeding that of traditional projection. To achieve sound transmission, holes need to be made in the LED display panel. However, existing sound transmission solutions have the following problems: Using a single circular hole under limited aperture conditions leads to severe attenuation of mid-to-low frequencies (>6 dB), frequency response imbalance, and thus reduces the audience's auditory experience; the single circular hole has different transmission efficiencies for high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency sounds, causing severe harmonic distortion of the transmitted sound; and because the holes are currently arranged in a regular pattern, the sound waves passing through the holes will cause fixed phase superposition at specific frequencies, further causing sound coloration and affecting the quality of the transmitted sound. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics, thereby improving the mid-to-low frequency sound transmission efficiency, further eliminating harmonic distortion and sound coloration caused by sound transmission through the PCB substrate, and enhancing the audience's auditory experience.

[0004] This invention provides an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics. It includes a PCB substrate, a driver chip mounted on the PCB substrate, an LED bead array uniformly arranged at a preset pixel pitch, and multiple acoustically transparent holes. Each acoustically transparent hole is located at the gap between the LED beads in the LED bead array, avoiding the area where the driver chip is located, and is randomly fine-tuned within its allowable size range, employing a quasi-random arrangement. The multiple acoustically transparent holes are divided into a high-frequency acoustically transparent hole group, a mid-frequency acoustically transparent hole group, and a low-frequency acoustically transparent hole group. Each acoustically transparent hole in the high-frequency acoustically transparent hole group is a circular acoustically transparent hole, with a diameter ranging from 0.5 mm to min(1.0 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch). Each acoustically transparent hole in the mid-frequency acoustically transparent hole group is an elliptical acoustically transparent hole, with a minor axis ranging from 0.8 mm to min(1.2 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and a major axis ranging from 1.5 mm to min(2.2 mm). 1.5×pixel pitch); Each sound-permeable hole in the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group is a rectangular sound-permeable hole, with the short side of each rectangular sound-permeable hole ranging from 0.8 mm to min (1.3 mm, 0.8×pixel pitch) and the long side ranging from 2.0 mm to min (3.5 mm, 2.0×pixel pitch).

[0005] Furthermore, a dedicated mounting bracket is installed behind the ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen, approximately 10 centimeters from the back of the screen. The mounting bracket is fixedly equipped with a central channel main speaker array, a left main channel speaker, and a right main channel speaker. The central channel main speaker array is positioned facing the center of the screen and consists of a vertical line array of multiple mid-frequency speakers and multiple high-frequency speakers. The left and right main channel speakers are respectively located in the corresponding left and right areas behind the screen. The sound radiation surface of each mid-frequency speaker faces the mid-frequency acoustically transparent hole group; the sound radiation surface of each high-frequency speaker faces the high-frequency acoustically transparent hole group.

[0006] Furthermore, a low-frequency speaker is installed behind the ultra-high-definition LED acoustic screen; the low-frequency sound-permeable holes correspond to the positions of the low-frequency speaker.

[0007] Furthermore, the high-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed within a circular area centered on the diaphragm of the high-frequency speaker, with a radius ≤ 1.8 to 2.3 times the diaphragm radius of the high-frequency speaker; the mid-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed within a circular area centered on the diaphragm of the mid-frequency speaker, with a radius ≤ 1.4 to 1.7 times the diaphragm radius of the mid-frequency speaker; and the low-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed within a circular area centered on the diaphragm of the low-frequency speaker, with a radius ≤ 1.4 to 1.7 times the diaphragm radius of the low-frequency speaker.

[0008] Furthermore, the pseudo-random arrangement is generated using Halton or Sobol sequences.

[0009] Furthermore, the local hole density of the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group, and the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group is dynamically adjusted based on the finite element sound pressure simulation results and the circuit layout diagram of the PCB substrate; among them, the holes are densely opened in the area with high sound pressure and openable holes, and sparsely opened or no holes are opened within the preset area of ​​the driver chip, forming a distribution structure with dense center and sparse surrounding.

[0010] Furthermore, the minimum distance between the edge of each sound-permeable hole and the edge of the adjacent driving chip is not less than 0.3mm.

[0011] Furthermore, in the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent circular sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum aperture of the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group; in the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent elliptical sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum minor diameter of the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group; and in the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent rectangular sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum minor side diameter of the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group.

[0012] Furthermore, the LED display panel of the ultra-high-definition LED acoustic screen is a MiniLED or Micro LED panel with a pixel pitch ranging from 1.8mm to 3.5mm.

[0013] This invention provides an ultra-high-definition LED sound-transmitting method for effectively improving sound transmission spectrum characteristics. The ultra-high-definition LED sound-transmitting screen includes a PCB substrate, a driver chip disposed on the PCB substrate, and an array of LED beads uniformly arranged at a preset pixel spacing. The method includes: Obtain the circuit layout diagram of the PCB substrate, and identify the position of the driver chip and the openable area at the gap between the LED beads in the LED bead array from the circuit layout diagram. Within the permissible area, multiple sound-transmitting holes are created according to the pixel pitch, and their arrangement is randomly fine-tuned within their respective allowable size ranges and arranged in a quasi-random manner. These holes are divided into high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency groups. Each hole in the high-frequency group is circular, with a diameter ranging from 0.5 mm to min (1.0 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch). Each hole in the mid-frequency group is elliptical, with a minor axis ranging from 0.8 mm to min (1.2 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and a major axis ranging from 1.5 mm to min (2.2 mm, 1.5 × pixel pitch). Each hole in the low-frequency group is rectangular, with a minor side ranging from 0.8 mm to min (1.3 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and a major side ranging from 2.0 mm to min (3.5 × pixel pitch). mm, 2.0 × pixel pitch); Receive audio signals and separate them into high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency signals according to preset frequency division points; The high-frequency signal is output to the high-frequency speaker for playback, the mid-frequency signal is output to the mid-frequency speaker for playback, and the low-frequency signal is output to the low-frequency speaker for playback.

[0014] This invention provides an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics. Each acoustically transparent hole is opened at the gap between the LED beads in the LED array, avoiding the area where the driver chip is located, thus preventing damage to the circuit and improving product yield. In addition, the upper limit of the hole size is set according to the pixel pitch. By arranging three types of holes—circular, elliptical, and rectangular—within their respective allowable size ranges and using a quasi-random arrangement, the overall sound transmission flatness is significantly improved without compromising the display function. This also improves the mid-to-low frequency sound transmission efficiency and further eliminates harmonic distortion and sound coloration caused by sound transmission through the PCB substrate, thereby enhancing the audience's auditory experience. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating an ultra-high-definition LED sound transmission method that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Icons: 1-PCB substrate; 2-LED beads; 3-driver chip; 4-low frequency sound-permeable hole group; 41-rectangular sound-permeable hole; 5-mid frequency sound-permeable hole group; 51-elliptical sound-permeable hole; 6-high frequency sound-permeable hole group; 61-circular sound-permeable hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] With the continuous development of semiconductor display technology, the use of ultra-high-definition LED displays to replace traditional screens in cinemas and theaters has become a trend. However, in large-screen display scenarios, traditional LED displays have a dense, rigid structure that is completely soundproof, preventing the sound playback device from having a center speaker behind the screen as in traditional acoustically transparent screens. Currently, the common practice is to place the speakers on the sides or top of the screen, which severely disrupts the sound positioning of the center channel—key audio elements such as voices and dialogue cannot be accurately aligned with the center of the image, causing a "sound-image separation" phenomenon and greatly diminishing the immersive experience.

[0020] To achieve sound transmission, holes need to be made in the LED display panel. Existing sound transmission solutions still have the following problems: 1. The aperture design does not take into account the constraints of LED pixel layout and circuit avoidance: some solutions propose an aperture diameter >2 mm, which cannot be implemented on high-definition screens with a P2.5 or smaller pitch; 2. Failure to avoid the driver chip area: Blindly opening holes can easily damage the circuit and affect product yield; 3. Limited spectrum improvement: Using a single circular aperture under limited aperture conditions leads to severe attenuation of mid and low frequencies (>6 dB), frequency response imbalance, and reduced listening experience for the audience; 4. Weak sound transmission in the central area: Because the circuitry in the area corresponding to the center speaker is dense, it is more difficult to make effective openings, which exacerbates the problem of sound image localization.

[0021] While a few patents have attempted to introduce irregularly shaped apertures, none have established a collaborative design mechanism among pixel constraints, circuit avoidance, and acoustic optimization. Therefore, this invention provides an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves sound transmission spectrum characteristics. This technology can be applied to application scenarios requiring improved sound transmission spectrum characteristics.

[0022] To facilitate understanding of this embodiment, we will first introduce an ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics disclosed in this embodiment of the invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the ultra-high-definition LED sound-permeable screen includes a PCB substrate 1, a driver chip 3 disposed on the PCB substrate 1, an LED lamp bead array evenly arranged according to a preset pixel pitch, and multiple sound-permeable holes; the pixel pitch can be understood as the distance between the centers of two adjacent smallest colored light-emitting points on the screen, and the pixel pitch can be set according to actual needs; the LED lamp bead array consists of multiple LED lamp beads 2, and each sound-permeable hole is located at the gap between the LED lamp beads in the LED lamp bead array, avoiding the area where the driver chip 3 is located; that is, all sound-permeable holes are located in the non-functional area between adjacent LED lamp beads 2, and the position of the sound-permeable holes will not affect the driver chip 3, which helps to ensure product yield.

[0023] Each sound-permeable hole can be fitted with a horn-shaped bevel structure at both ends. The side closer to the loudspeaker expands outward to form a sound-receiving aperture, increasing the effective receiving area; the side facing the audience expands outward to form a sound-transmitting aperture, improving sound energy reception and radiation efficiency. The bevel angle of the horn-shaped bevel structure ranges from 15° to 30°. By setting an appropriate bevel angle, the transition of the sound signal through the sound-permeable hole can be smoothed to reduce turbulence noise and improve sound energy transmission and reception efficiency. Each sound-permeable hole is randomly fine-tuned within its allowable size range and arranged in a quasi-random manner to suppress sound wave interference and improve the spectral flatness of the sound after transmission. Random fine-tuning refers to fine-tuning the aperture diameter within a set range according to a normal or uniform distribution within the same frequency band sound-permeable hole type, with a deviation typically not exceeding ±0.15 mm.

[0024] Multiple sound-permeable holes are divided into a high-frequency sound-permeable hole group 6, a mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group 5, and a low-frequency sound-permeable hole group 4; that is, in this embodiment, the LED display panel has three functional zones of sound-permeable hole groups, which correspond to the three audio frequency bands of high frequency, mid frequency, and low frequency, respectively. The appropriate crossover point can be set according to actual needs, such as setting the crossover point to 300Hz / 2kHz, etc.

[0025] Each sound-transmitting hole in the high-frequency sound-transmitting hole group 6 is a circular sound-transmitting hole 61, that is, the circular sound-transmitting hole 61 is used to transmit high-frequency sound signals; the aperture of each circular sound-transmitting hole 61 ranges from 0.5 mm to min (1.0 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch); that is, in this embodiment, when designing the aperture of each circular sound-transmitting hole, the pixel pitch parameter needs to be taken into account, and the maximum feature size of the circular sound-transmitting hole does not exceed 80% of the pixel pitch.

[0026] Each sound-transmitting hole in the mid-frequency sound-transmitting hole group 5 is an elliptical sound-transmitting hole 51, that is, the elliptical sound-transmitting hole is used to transmit mid-frequency sound signals; the minor axis of each elliptical sound-transmitting hole 51 ranges from 0.8 mm to min (1.2 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch), and the major axis ranges from 1.5 mm to min (2.2 mm, 1.5 × pixel pitch); that is, in this embodiment, when designing the minor and major axes of each elliptical sound-transmitting hole, the pixel pitch parameter needs to be taken into account, and the maximum feature size of the minor axis of the elliptical sound-transmitting hole does not exceed 80% of the pixel pitch.

[0027] Each sound-permeable hole in the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group 4 is a rectangular sound-permeable hole 41, that is, the rectangular sound-permeable hole 41 is used to transmit low-frequency sound signals; the short side of each rectangular sound-permeable hole 41 ranges from 0.8 mm to min (1.3 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch), and the long side ranges from 2.0 mm to min (3.5 mm, 2.0 × pixel pitch). That is, in this embodiment, when designing the short and long sides of each rectangular sound-permeable hole, the pixel pitch parameter needs to be taken into account. The maximum feature size of the short side of the rectangular sound-permeable hole does not exceed 80% of the pixel pitch.

[0028] For example, for a P2.5 screen (i.e., pixel pitch P = 2.5): the diameter of a circular sound-permeable hole is ≤1.0 mm, the minor axis of an elliptical sound-permeable hole is ≤1.2 mm (<1.8 mm), and the short side of a rectangular sound-permeable hole is ≤1.3 mm. For a P1.8 screen (i.e., pixel pitch P = 1.8): the diameter of a circular sound-permeable hole is ≤0.7 mm, the minor diameter of an elliptical sound-permeable hole is ≤0.7 mm, and the short side of a rectangular sound-permeable hole is ≤0.7 mm.

[0029] The aforementioned ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen, which effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics, has each sound-transmitting hole located between the LED beads in the LED array, avoiding the area where the driver chip is located. This prevents damage to the circuit and improves product yield. Furthermore, by setting an upper limit for the hole size based on the pixel pitch, and arranging three types of holes—circular, elliptical, and rectangular—within their respective allowable size ranges and employing a quasi-random arrangement, the screen significantly improves the full-frequency sound transmission flatness and mid-to-low frequency sound transmission efficiency without compromising display functionality. This further eliminates harmonic distortion and sound coloration caused by sound transmission through the PCB substrate, thereby enhancing the audience's auditory experience.

[0030] Furthermore, a dedicated mounting bracket is installed behind the ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen, approximately 10 centimeters from the back of the screen. The mounting bracket is fixedly equipped with a central channel main speaker array, a left main channel speaker, and a right main channel speaker. The central channel main speaker array is positioned facing the center of the screen and consists of a vertical line array of multiple mid-frequency speakers and multiple high-frequency speakers. The left and right main channel speakers are respectively located in the corresponding left and right areas behind the screen. The sound radiation surface of each mid-frequency speaker faces the mid-frequency acoustically transparent hole group; the sound radiation surface of each high-frequency speaker faces the high-frequency acoustically transparent hole group.

[0031] Both the left and right main channel speakers can include low-frequency, mid-frequency, and high-frequency speakers. The high-frequency sound-permeable holes correspond to the positions of the high-frequency speakers, that is, the high-frequency sound-permeable holes are spatially aligned with the corresponding high-frequency speakers, and a corresponding high-frequency sound-permeable hole group 6 is set in front of each high-frequency speaker. The high-frequency speakers are usually fixed about 10cm directly behind the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group 6 on the PCB substrate 1, with the high-frequency speaker diaphragm facing the corresponding high-frequency sound-permeable hole group 6, and the center of the high-frequency speaker diaphragm located at the center horizontal of the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group 6. On the extended line behind the projection, the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group corresponds to the position of the mid-frequency speaker, that is, the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group and the corresponding mid-frequency speaker are spatially aligned. Each mid-frequency speaker has a corresponding mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group 5 in front of it. The mid-frequency speaker is usually fixed about 10cm behind the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group 5 on the PCB substrate 1. The direction of the mid-frequency speaker diaphragm is directly facing the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group 5. The center of the mid-frequency speaker diaphragm is located on the extended line behind the center of the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group 5, so that the sound of the center channel can be transmitted from the center of the screen.

[0032] Furthermore, a low-frequency speaker is installed behind the ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen. This speaker primarily handles the low-frequency range, providing bass power and depth, enhancing rhythm and atmosphere. The low-frequency acoustic perforation group corresponds to the position of the low-frequency speaker, meaning the low-frequency acoustic perforation group and the corresponding low-frequency speaker are spatially aligned. Typically, a corresponding low-frequency acoustic perforation group is installed in front of each low-frequency speaker. The low-frequency speaker is usually fixed approximately 10cm directly behind the corresponding low-frequency acoustic perforation group on the PCB substrate, with the speaker diaphragm facing directly towards its corresponding group. The center of the speaker diaphragm is located on the extended line behind the horizontal projection of the center of the corresponding low-frequency acoustic perforation group.

[0033] Furthermore, the high-frequency sound-permeable aperture group is distributed in a circular area with the center of the high-frequency loudspeaker diaphragm as the center and the radius ≤ 1.8~2.3 times the radius of the high-frequency loudspeaker diaphragm; the diaphragm is the most core and critical component of the loudspeaker, which can convert mechanical vibration into sound; the high-frequency loudspeaker is usually a dome tweeter unit, with a small diaphragm area and strong directivity. The small aperture can effectively match its short wavelength (λ≈17 cm @2 kHz) and reduce diffraction.

[0034] The mid-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed in a circular area with the center of the mid-frequency loudspeaker diaphragm as the center and the radius ≤ 1.4~1.7 times the radius of the mid-frequency loudspeaker diaphragm; the long axis of the elliptical sound-permeable holes is arranged along the main axis of sound wave propagation, which can expand the effective acoustic contact area, reduce the mid-frequency acoustic impedance, and suppress reflections caused by abrupt changes in cross-section.

[0035] The low-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed within a circular region centered on the diaphragm of the low-frequency loudspeaker, with a radius ≤ 1.4 to 1.7 times the diaphragm radius. The long side of the rectangular sound-permeable holes is close to 1 / 20 of the low-frequency wavelength (e.g., λ≈68 cm @500Hz, then 1 / 20λ≈3.4 mm), which avoids acoustic short-circuiting effects; the right-angled structure promotes acoustic eddy current dissipation and suppresses Helmholtz resonance peaks.

[0036] Furthermore, the quasi-random arrangement is generated using Halton or Sobol sequences. A Halton sequence is a multidimensional sequence constructed from Van der Corput sequences of different prime numbers. A Sobol sequence is a low-discrepancy sequence based on binary representation and direction vectors. Through quasi-random arrangement, optimal visual randomness can be created, thereby enhancing the final image quality experience.

[0037] Furthermore, the local aperture density of the high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency acoustic aperture groups is dynamically adjusted based on the finite element sound pressure simulation results and the circuit layout of the PCB substrate. Specifically, apertures are denser in areas with high sound pressure and where apertures can be opened, while apertures are sparser or absent within a preset area of ​​the driver chip. This preset area is typically the region near the driver chip. In this embodiment, in areas with high sound pressure, more acoustic apertures can be set in the corresponding openable areas to allow sound signals to pass through the ultra-high-definition LED acoustic screen more smoothly. To avoid damaging the circuit, sparser acoustic apertures or even no apertures can be set in locations closer to the driver chip, forming a dense distribution structure in the center and sparser around the perimeter. Additionally, reducing the local aperture density in areas with dense circuitry ensures circuit reliability.

[0038] Furthermore, the minimum distance between the edge of each sound-permeable hole and the edge of the adjacent driver chip is not less than 0.3mm; by agreeing on this minimum distance, damage to the driver chip caused by the opening can be effectively avoided, thereby effectively improving the product yield.

[0039] Furthermore, in the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent circular sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum aperture in the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group to prevent acoustic coupling crosstalk. In the mid-frequency sound-permeable aperture group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent elliptical sound-permeable apertures is greater than or equal to three times the largest minor axis dimension in the group to prevent acoustic coupling crosstalk. Simultaneously, the orientation of the minor and major axes of each elliptical sound-permeable aperture can be randomly set; that is, when the major axis of one elliptical sound-permeable aperture is horizontal, the major axes of its adjacent elliptical sound-permeable apertures can be set vertically or horizontally. Randomly setting the vertical or horizontal direction of the major axes of the elliptical sound-permeable apertures results in a more uniform mid-frequency sound transmission effect.

[0040] In a low-frequency acoustic aperture group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent rectangular acoustic apertures is greater than or equal to three times the maximum shorter side dimension of the group to prevent acoustic coupling crosstalk. Simultaneously, the orientation of the shorter and longer sides of each rectangular acoustic aperture can be randomly set; that is, if the longer side of one rectangular acoustic aperture is horizontal, the longer sides of its adjacent rectangular acoustic apertures can be set vertically or horizontally. Randomly setting the vertical or horizontal direction of the major axis of the rectangular acoustic apertures results in a more uniform low-frequency sound transmission effect.

[0041] In this embodiment, for each circular sound-transmitting hole, each elliptical sound-transmitting hole, and each rectangular sound-transmitting hole, different sizes are randomly adopted. The major axis of the elliptical sound-transmitting hole is randomly distributed horizontally or vertically, and the long side of the rectangular sound-transmitting hole is randomly distributed vertically or horizontally. This destroys the periodicity and can avoid deep attenuation of specific frequencies due to interference, ensuring that the spectrum after sound transmission is highly consistent with the original signal.

[0042] Furthermore, the LED display panel of the ultra-high-definition LED acoustic transparency screen is a MiniLED or Micro LED panel. MiniLED refers to LED devices with a chip size between 100 and 300 micrometers, commonly known as "sub-millimeter light-emitting diodes." It is primarily used as a backlight in LCD panels, enhancing contrast and brightness through precise local dimming technology. In ultra-high-definition LED display devices, MiniLEDs are used as direct display units. Micro LED refers to LED devices with a chip size less than 100 micrometers, i.e., "micro light-emitting diodes." Unlike Mini LED, Micro LED is a self-emissive technology, requiring no backlight module or liquid crystal layer. Each tiny LED unit can directly emit light independently as a pixel, forming a high-resolution image. The pixel pitch ranges from 1.8mm to 3.5mm, meaning this embodiment is applicable to various pixel pitches, and is compatible with mainstream products ranging from 1.8mm to 3.5mm.

[0043] For ease of understanding, a specific embodiment is provided below, in an example of an LED acoustically transparent screen with a pixel pitch of P2.5: Pixel pitch P = 2.5 mm; LED bead diameter ≈ 1.0 mm; The area that can be drilled is the triangular / quadrilateral gap between the LED beads, with a maximum usable size of ≈ 1.8 mm; The design parameters for the sound transmission port are as follows: High-frequency region: 120 circular sound-permeable holes, Φ0.9 mm in diameter, distributed in front of the high-frequency loudspeaker within a circular area with a radius of ≤3 cm; Mid-frequency range: 200 elliptical sound-perforating holes, 1.0 mm × 2.0 mm in size, distributed in front of the mid-frequency speaker within a circular area with a radius of ≤8 cm; Low-frequency region: Rectangular sound-permeable holes, 1.2 mm × 3.0 mm, a total of 150, distributed in a circular area with a radius of ≤10 cm in front of the low-frequency speaker at the bottom of the screen; All hole edges are ≥ 0.5 mm from the driver IC; Each sound-permeable hole has a 20° chamfer at both ends and is processed using ultraviolet laser with a precision of ±5 μm.

[0044] After testing in an anechoic chamber, the LED acoustically transparent screen exhibits frequency response fluctuations of ≤±1.8 dB, THD<0.9% (Total Harmonic Distortion), and group delay fluctuations of <0.5 ms within a sound pressure level range of 70–110 dB SPL (Sound Pressure Level). This results in clear dialogue and precise sound image positioning for the audience, completely resolving the issue of sound-image separation.

[0045] The following is a method for arranging speakers behind a large-size ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen. When arranging a speaker system behind a large-size ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen (such as 16 meters wide and 6 meters high or more), in order to balance acoustic performance and minimize visual obstruction, cinemas or theaters usually adopt the following main speaker layout forms.

[0046] To achieve good sound transmission performance in LED screens, the speaker layout and LED screen system need to be designed in conjunction. The following speaker layout optimization strategies for sound-transmitting screens are typically considered: To adapt to the physical characteristics of acoustically transparent LED screens (such as pixel gaps, support structures, and heat dissipation requirements), common optimizations include: (1) From a structural design perspective, ensure that the front LED display component corresponding to the speaker's installation position is equipped with a group of sound-permeable holes; (2) Speaker embedded installation: The speaker unit is embedded in the screen bracket structure, close to the sound-transmitting area, shortening the sound path and improving efficiency; the technical solution proposed in this application is to install the speaker unit on a specially set mounting bracket 10 cm behind the screen; (3) Modular speaker array: When there are special requirements, the mid-to-high frequency speaker units can be arranged in sections according to the screen modules to achieve pixel-level alignment between the sound source and the screen. (4) Acoustic phase correction: The DSP performs delay, EQ and phase compensation on the speakers in different positions to ensure that the sound image is focused on the screen plane; (5) Avoid structural obstruction: The speaker opening should avoid non-sound-transparent areas such as the metal backplate of the LED module and the power supply box.

[0047] 1. Central channel main speaker array Location: Facing the center of the screen, usually located at the back center of the screen.

[0048] Function: To provide the primary output for film dialogue and key sound effects. Implementation method: Multiple mid-to-high frequency loudspeakers form a vertical or horizontal line array; Combined with low-frequency speaker units (sometimes placed on the sides or below), it forms full-frequency coverage; The speaker needs to have good directional control to reduce diffraction interference to the screen structure.

[0049] 2. Left / Right Main Channel Speakers Location: The left and right sides behind the screen (usually inside or slightly outside the edge of the screen).

[0050] Function: Provides the foundation for stereo sound and surround sound, and works with the center channel to build the front sound field.

[0051] 3. Low-frequency speaker Location: Can be flexibly placed at the bottom or sides of the screen.

[0052] Features: Low-frequency wavelengths are long and have weak directionality, allowing for distributed deployment at multiple points (e.g., 4–8 units) to achieve uniform low-frequency coverage. The use of "cardioid" or "end-fire" array technology controls the low-frequency radiation towards the front of the audience seating area, reducing vibration interference to the building structure.

[0053] Alternatively, you can refer to the following typical reference layouts: Behind the screen: - Center channel: 3–5 mid-high frequency speakers stacked vertically, and 2–4 low frequency speaker units; -Left / Right Channels: 2–4 full-range or mid-high frequency speakers each; - Optional left-wide / right-wide channels (for expanding the front sound field); Low frequencies: 4–8 subwoofers, distributed in the lower center or on both sides of the screen; The key design considerations are explained below: 1. Balance between sound transmission rate and sound pressure level: The aperture ratio of the LED screen directly affects the high-frequency transmission efficiency, requiring the speaker to have sufficient sensitivity and power margin. 2. Directivity Matching: The vertical / horizontal coverage angle of the loudspeaker must be matched with the audience area to avoid energy waste or sound coloration; 3. Heat dissipation and maintenance: The space behind the screen is enclosed, so speaker heat dissipation and maintenance access need to be considered; In summary, behind large-size ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screens, the speaker layout is centered on a "central main array + left and right main channels + distributed low frequencies," and extended with immersive audio standards. This rational layout significantly improves audio-visual consistency and immersion, while also solving the high-frequency attenuation problem caused by the structural limitations of traditional acoustically transparent screens.

[0054] The aforementioned ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen, which effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics, can significantly improve sound transmission spectrum characteristics without compromising display functionality and circuit integrity. It is particularly suitable for professional audiovisual scenarios such as cinemas and theaters where center-channel sound image positioning is required. The acoustic holes can only be placed within the non-functional gaps between adjacent LED beads and must strictly avoid the driver chip and wiring areas to prevent display failure, short circuits, or decreased reliability.

[0055] This ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen allows for randomized fine-tuning of the size of each acoustically transparent hole within the allowable size range for each frequency band, such as ±0.1 mm, which can improve spectral flatness. A quasi-random arrangement algorithm is adopted to disrupt periodicity and suppress comb filtering. By combining finite element sound pressure simulation with PCB wiring diagrams, a manufacturable acoustically transparent hole distribution diagram can be generated, which can effectively ensure spectral consistency.

[0056] Taking a common P2.5 LED display as an example, the pixel pitch is 2.5 mm, the LED itself occupies approximately 0.8–1.0 mm of space, and the driver chip is usually located at the four corners or edges of the pixel unit, leaving a maximum remaining opening gap of approximately 1.8 mm. Therefore, the diameter of a circular sound-permeable hole, the minor axis of an elliptical sound-permeable hole, and the short side of a rectangular sound-permeable hole cannot exceed 1.8 mm. This physical constraint makes traditional large-aperture sound-permeable designs unsuitable for direct application. This solution, while strictly adhering to pixel pitch limitations and driver circuit avoidance constraints, effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum flatness through zoned differentiated hole design, intelligent arrangement, and sound source matching. It also supports the integration of a center speaker, achieving precise audio-visual alignment.

[0057] The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen in this solution has acoustic holes located within the gaps between LED beads and avoiding the driver chip area. The upper limit for hole size is set according to the pixel pitch (e.g., under a P2.5 screen: circular hole ≤ 1.0 mm, elliptical minor axis ≤ 1.2 mm, rectangular minor side ≤ 1.3 mm). Through the partitioning of three types of holes (circular, elliptical, and rectangular), combined with speaker bevel angles, pseudo-random arrangement, and randomized hole diameter, the acoustic flatness across the entire frequency range is significantly improved without compromising display functionality. This solution particularly supports integrated center speaker, allowing sound to emanate from the center of the screen, achieving precise sound-image alignment. It is suitable for various ultra-high-definition LED displays ranging from P1.8 to P3.5.

[0058] In summary, this solution has the following beneficial effects: 1. Fully compatible with LED display function: The sound-permeable hole is opened between the LED beads, avoiding the driver chip, so there is no risk of display damage or circuit damage; 2. Improved spectrum even under aperture-constrained conditions: The frequency response flatness of 20 Hz–20 kHz under the P2.5 screen reaches ±2.0 dB, which is significantly better than the traditional solution (±8 dB); 3. Supports integrated center speaker: The central area achieves effective sound transmission through intelligent arrangement, enabling "human voices to emanate from the center of the screen"; 4. Compatible with various pixel pitches: Adaptable to mainstream products from P1.8 to P3.5; 5. High manufacturability: Fully compatible with existing laser micro-drilling processes.

[0059] This invention also provides an ultra-high-definition LED sound-transmitting method for effectively improving sound transmission spectrum characteristics. The ultra-high-definition LED sound-transmitting screen includes a PCB substrate, a driver chip disposed on the PCB substrate, and an array of LED beads evenly arranged at a preset pixel spacing, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps: Step S202: Obtain the circuit layout diagram of the PCB substrate, and identify the position of the driver chip and the openable area at the gap between the LED beads in the LED bead array from the circuit layout diagram. Step S204: Within the openable area, multiple sound-transmitting holes are formed according to the pixel pitch, and their arrangement is randomly fine-tuned within their respective allowable size ranges and arranged in a quasi-random manner. These multiple sound-transmitting holes are divided into a high-frequency sound-transmitting hole group, a mid-frequency sound-transmitting hole group, and a low-frequency sound-transmitting hole group. Each sound-transmitting hole in the high-frequency sound-transmitting hole group is a circular sound-transmitting hole. The diameter of each circular sound-transmitting hole ranges from 0.5 mm to min(1.0 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch). Step S208: Each sound-transmitting hole in the mid-frequency sound-transmitting hole group is an elliptical sound-transmitting hole. The minor axis of each elliptical sound-transmitting hole ranges from 0.8 mm to min(1.2 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch), and the major axis ranges from 1.5 mm to min(2.2 mm, 1.5 × pixel pitch). Step S210: Each sound-transmitting hole in the low-frequency sound-transmitting hole group is a rectangular sound-transmitting hole. The short side of each rectangular sound-transmitting hole ranges from 0.8 mm to min(1.3 mm, ...). 0.8×pixel pitch), with the long side ranging from 2.0 mm to min (3.5 mm, 2.0×pixel pitch); In this embodiment, each sound-transmitting hole can be randomly fine-tuned within the allowable size range of the sound-transmitting holes in each frequency band, and a pseudo-random arrangement is adopted to suppress sound wave interference, so that the sound spectrum characteristics after sound transmission are basically consistent with the original audio signal.

[0060] Step S206: Receive the audio signal and separate the audio signal into high-frequency signal, intermediate-frequency signal and low-frequency signal according to the preset frequency division point; For example, if the crossover point is 100Hz / 2kHz, the audio signal can be separated into a high-frequency signal (≥2 kHz), a mid-frequency signal (300 Hz–2 kHz), and a low-frequency signal (≤300 Hz).

[0061] Step S208: Output the high-frequency signal to the high-frequency speaker for playback, output the intermediate-frequency signal to the intermediate-frequency speaker for playback, and output the low-frequency signal to the low-frequency speaker for playback.

[0062] High-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency signals are output to high-frequency, mid-frequency, and low-frequency speakers respectively for playback, so that sound waves of each frequency band radiate to the audience side through the corresponding sound-transmitting area; the high-frequency and mid-frequency sound-transmitting areas are concentrated in the central area of ​​the screen, corresponding to the main axis of sound radiation of the high-frequency and mid-frequency speakers respectively, so as to realize that the sound of the central channel shines out from the center of the screen.

[0063] The aforementioned ultra-high-definition LED sound transmission method effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics. Each sound-transmitting hole is located between the LED beads in the LED array, avoiding the area where the driver chip is located. This avoids damage to the circuit and improves product yield. Furthermore, by setting an upper limit for the hole size based on the pixel pitch, and arranging three types of holes—circular, elliptical, and rectangular—within their respective allowable size ranges and employing a quasi-random arrangement, the method significantly improves the full-frequency sound transmission flatness and mid-to-low frequency sound transmission efficiency without compromising display functionality. It further eliminates harmonic distortion and sound coloration caused by sound transmission through the PCB substrate, thereby enhancing the audience's auditory experience.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen that effectively improves the sound transmission spectrum characteristics, characterized in that, The device includes a PCB substrate, a driver chip disposed on the PCB substrate, an LED bead array evenly arranged at a preset pixel pitch, and multiple sound-permeable holes; wherein each sound-permeable hole is located at the gap between the LED beads in the LED bead array, avoiding the area where the driver chip is located, and is randomly fine-tuned within its respective allowable size range and arranged in a pseudo-random manner. The plurality of sound-permeable holes are divided into a high-frequency sound-permeable hole group, a mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group, and a low-frequency sound-permeable hole group; Each sound-permeable hole in the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group is a circular sound-permeable hole; the diameter of each circular sound-permeable hole ranges from 0.5 mm to min (1.0 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch); Each sound-permeable hole in the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group is an elliptical sound-permeable hole, and the minor axis of each elliptical sound-permeable hole ranges from 0.8 mm to min (1.2 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and the major axis ranges from 1.5 mm to min (2.2 mm, 1.5 × pixel pitch). Each sound-permeable hole in the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group is a rectangular sound-permeable hole, with the short side of each rectangular sound-permeable hole ranging from 0.8 mm to min (1.3 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and the long side ranging from 2.0 mm to min (3.5 mm, 2.0 × pixel pitch).

2. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system includes a dedicated mounting bracket positioned approximately 10 centimeters behind the ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen. The mounting bracket is fixedly equipped with a central channel main speaker array, a left main channel speaker, and a right main channel speaker. The central channel main speaker array faces the center of the screen and consists of a vertical line array of multiple mid-frequency and high-frequency speakers. The left and right main channel speakers are respectively positioned in the corresponding left and right areas behind the screen. The sound radiation surface of each mid-frequency speaker faces the mid-frequency acoustically transparent aperture group, and the sound radiation surface of each high-frequency speaker faces the high-frequency acoustically transparent aperture group.

3. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 2, characterized in that, A low-frequency speaker is installed behind the ultra-high-definition LED acoustic screen. The low-frequency sound-permeable holes correspond to the positions of the low-frequency loudspeaker.

4. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed in a circular area with the center of the high-frequency loudspeaker diaphragm as the center and a radius ≤ 1.8 to 2.3 times the radius of the high-frequency loudspeaker diaphragm; The mid-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed within a circular area centered on the center of the diaphragm of the mid-frequency loudspeaker, with a radius ≤ 1.4 to 1.7 times the radius of the diaphragm of the mid-frequency loudspeaker; The low-frequency sound-permeable holes are distributed in a circular area with the center of the low-frequency speaker diaphragm as the center and a radius ≤ 1.4 to 1.7 times the radius of the low-frequency speaker diaphragm.

5. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pseudo-random arrangement is generated using Halton or Sobol sequences.

6. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The local hole density of the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group, and the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group is dynamically adjusted based on the finite element sound pressure simulation results and the circuit layout diagram of the PCB substrate; wherein, the holes are densely opened in the area with high sound pressure and openable holes, and the holes are sparsely opened or not opened within the preset area of ​​the driving chip, forming a distribution structure with dense center and sparse periphery.

7. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, The minimum distance between the edge of each sound-permeable hole and the edge of the adjacent driving chip is not less than 0.3 mm.

8. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent circular sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum aperture of the high-frequency sound-permeable hole group. In the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent elliptical sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum minor axis dimension in the mid-frequency sound-permeable hole group; In the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group, the center-to-center distance between any two adjacent rectangular sound-permeable holes is greater than or equal to three times the maximum short side dimension of the low-frequency sound-permeable hole group.

9. The ultra-high-definition LED acoustically transparent screen as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ultra-high-definition LED acoustic screen has an LED display panel that is either a MiniLED or Micro LED panel, and the pixel pitch ranges from 1.8mm to 3.5mm.

10. A method for effectively improving the sound transmission spectrum characteristics of ultra-high-definition LED sound-transmitting screen, the ultra-high-definition LED sound-transmitting screen comprising a PCB substrate, a driving chip disposed on the PCB substrate, and an array of LED beads uniformly arranged at a preset pixel spacing, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the circuit layout diagram of the PCB substrate, and identify the position of the driver chip and the openable area at the gap between the LED beads in the LED bead array from the circuit layout diagram; Within the openable area, multiple sound-transmitting holes are formed according to the pixel pitch, and their arrangement is randomly fine-tuned within their respective allowable size ranges and arranged in a quasi-random manner. These multiple sound-transmitting holes are divided into a high-frequency sound-transmitting hole group, a mid-frequency sound-transmitting hole group, and a low-frequency sound-transmitting hole group. Each sound-transmitting hole in the high-frequency sound-transmitting hole group is a circular sound-transmitting hole, with a diameter ranging from 0.5 mm to min (1.0 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch). Each sound-transmitting hole in the mid-frequency sound-transmitting hole group is an elliptical sound-transmitting hole, with a minor axis ranging from 0.8 mm to min (1.2 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and a major axis ranging from 1.5 mm to min (2.2 mm, 1.5 × pixel pitch). Each sound-transmitting hole in the low-frequency sound-transmitting hole group is a rectangular sound-transmitting hole, with a minor side ranging from 0.8 mm to min (1.3 mm, 0.8 × pixel pitch) and a major side ranging from 2.0 mm. mm to min (3.5 mm, 2.0 × pixel pitch); Receive an audio signal and separate the audio signal into a high-frequency signal, a medium-frequency signal, and a low-frequency signal according to a preset frequency division point; The high-frequency signal is output to a high-frequency speaker for playback, the mid-frequency signal is output to a mid-frequency speaker for playback, and the low-frequency signal is output to a low-frequency speaker for playback.

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