Crushing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a comminuting device (1) for comminuting a target material, comprising: a comminuting roller (5) which has comminuting tools (3) on the outer surface (2) thereof and is rotatably mounted on a machine frame (4); an opposing comb (7) having an opposing pulverizing tool (6) for interacting with the pulverizing tool (3) to pulverize the target material; the counter comb (7) is mounted in a pivotable manner on the machine frame (4), in particular on a first side wall (10) of the machine frame (4), and can be adjusted in the direction of the comminuting roller (5) by means of an adjusting device (11), and wherein the counter comb (7) has a plurality of screen meshes (8) for screening the comminuted target material, and wherein the counter comb (7) is mounted in a pivotable manner on the machine frame (4), in particular on a second side wall (10) of the machine frame (4), and wherein the counter comb (7) can be adjusted in the direction of the comminuting roller (5) by means of the adjusting device (11). The screen device (9) is mounted on the counter comb (7), and wherein the screen device (9) is supported, in particular impinges on the frame (4), in particular on a further side wall (12) of the frame (4) opposite the first side wall (10), at least in the event of an overload.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus configured to pulverize materials. The pulverizing apparatus includes a pulverizing roller with pulverizing tools on its outer surface. The pulverizing roller interacts with opposing comb-like elements of the pulverizing apparatus. The opposing comb-like elements include opposing pulverizing tools, which interact with the pulverizing elements to pulverize the target material. A sieve device is arranged below the pulverizing roller. The sieve device has multiple mesh openings. The sieve device is used to sieve the pulverized target material. Background Technology

[0002] The aforementioned type of crushing apparatus is known in the prior art. It is known that, regardless of the opposing combs, the screen basket is mounted on a frame, where the opposing combs are also rigidly mounted. However, in practice, this implementation often encounters the following problem: the target material gets stuck in the area of ​​the opposing combs, preventing the crushing rollers from continuing to rotate. The crushing of the target material is thus achieved by guiding the crushing tools through a gap formed between the opposing crushing tools. If the target material gets stuck in this gap or in some gap, the crushing rollers will be unable to continue rotating, and / or higher torque may act on the drive mechanism of the crushing rollers. This ultimately leads to a so-called overload situation or a load peak. Such an overload situation can cause damage to the crushing apparatus, or at least cause severe wear and high fuel consumption. If an emergency shutdown of the machine or crushing apparatus is not specified, serious damage to the crushing apparatus may also occur in such an overload situation.

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, prior art describes the use of opposing comb members mounted pivotally on a frame. In this embodiment, screen elements can be arranged on the opposing comb members, allowing the screen elements to pivot with the opposing comb members. This embodiment is disclosed, for example, in publications DE202015003527U1 and DE202018000803U1.

[0004] The disadvantage of the pulverizing apparatus embodiments disclosed in DE202015003527U1 and DE202018000803U1 is that the sieve gaps or meshes formed between the sieve elements cannot be set freely or only within a certain range to determine the critical particle size or particle separation size. However, some applications require a defined critical particle size or separation particle size that cannot be achieved by the known sieve element embodiments.

[0005] It may also be impossible to pulverize a particular target material (especially a long and thin target material) to the desired critical particle size using known pulverization processes. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to avoid or at least substantially reduce the aforementioned disadvantages of the prior art.

[0007] The aforementioned objective is achieved by the pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1. The dependent claims constitute preferred embodiments of the pulverizing apparatus according to the invention.

[0008] The pulverizing apparatus according to the invention is configured to pulverize a target material. The pulverizing apparatus includes a pulverizing roller. The pulverizing roller has pulverizing tools on its outer surface. The pulverizing tools are arranged at intervals on the outer surface of the pulverizing roller. Specifically, the pulverizing tools are arranged circumferentially throughout the pulverizing roller. The pulverizing roller may be specifically referred to as a blade or teeth, and is used to pulverize the target material. According to the invention, the pulverizing apparatus also includes opposing comb-like members. The opposing comb-like members are configured to interact with the pulverizing roller. For this purpose, the opposing comb-like members include opposing pulverizing tools that interact with the pulverizing tools to pulverize the target material and are preferably referred to as comb teeth.

[0009] The interaction between the opposing crushing tools is achieved specifically by guiding the crushing tools into the gap formed between them. The crushing roller rotates, while the opposing comb-like members, although pivotally arranged, are not linked to the rotational movement of the crushing roller during their pivoting motion. The crushing of the target material is achieved by rotating the crushing roller relative to the opposing comb-like members.

[0010] In addition, the pulverizing device includes a sieve device with multiple mesh openings arranged below the pulverizing roller to sieve the pulverized target material. The sieve device can be specifically configured so that insufficiently pulverized target material is re-conveyed to the pulverizing section and thereby re-lifted by the pulverizing tool rotating with the pulverizing roller and conveyed again to the pulverizing gap between the pulverizing tool and the opposing pulverizing tool.

[0011] According to the invention, the opposing comb members are pivotally mounted on the frame. This pivotal mounting is particularly intended to avoid high torques acting on the crushing device, especially when target material becomes stuck between the opposing crushing tools. Therefore, pivotal mounting reduces fuel consumption and achieves lower wear during operation. Preferably, the opposing comb members are provided with pivoting characteristics adapted to corresponding load conditions. For pivoting, an adjustment device can be provided. Here, the opposing comb members can be adjustable and / or repositionable in the direction of the crushing rollers via the adjustment device. The adjustment device can preferably be configured for pivotal mounting. With the adjustment device, the opposing comb members can ultimately be mounted on the frame in a spring-loaded and / or movable manner.

[0012] In particular, when a high load is applied to the opposing comb due to jamming of the target material, the adjusting device can be configured to move the opposing comb away from the crushing roller. Once the torque or force no longer applies to the opposing comb, the adjusting device can be configured to readjust the opposing comb back to the crushing roller.

[0013] The screening device is mounted on opposing comb members. Furthermore, the screening device is supported on the frame at least under overload conditions and / or at load peaks; specifically, the screening device collides with the frame under overload conditions and / or at load peaks. The terms "overload conditions" and "load peaks" can be used synonymously. At least when particularly high process forces act on the screening device and / or opposing comb members, the screening device is supported on the frame in addition to being mounted on the opposing comb members. Specifically, the opposing comb members are mounted on a first side wall of the frame, and the screening device is also mounted on this first side wall via the opposing comb members. The screening device can also be supported on another side wall of the frame opposite the first side wall.

[0014] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the invention, the first sidewall and the other sidewall are longitudinal edges of the frame, each having a longitudinal extension dimension in particular in the longitudinal direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller.

[0015] In this context, it should be understood that the screening device can be mounted or supported on the opposing comb members, either indirectly or directly. At least in overload conditions, the screening device can also be supported on the frame, either indirectly or directly. Particularly preferably, the screening device is designed to rest against the wall of the frame, particularly the other side wall, during use, and to achieve a particularly flat support.

[0016] Because the screening device is supported on the frame, the process force exerted by the screening device on the opposing comb members can be reduced. In particular, a portion of the gravity or process force generated from the screening device can be directly transmitted to the frame through the support. The regulating device used to mount the opposing comb members and thus the screening device in a specific position can therefore withstand a lower load, which is particularly advantageous in terms of temperature control and energy consumption.

[0017] It is particularly preferred that the collision area of ​​the screening device on the frame may not have screen holes and may specifically form a non-screening section of the screening device.

[0018] Furthermore, by being specifically supported on another side wall, it can be ensured that the screening device always provides a sufficiently large screening surface for the crushing roller, even when the opposing combs should be cleared at peak load. By colliding with the other side wall opposite the first side wall, where the opposing combs are mounted, it can also be ensured that the surface of the screening device below the crushing roller can be used for screening without unplanned large gaps.

[0019] Ultimately, the crushing force can be transmitted to the support structure of the frame or the support structure of the crushing chamber at the surface where the sieve device collides with the frame. The movement of the comb-like components is specifically compensated by moving the contact point or contact surface of the sieve device on another side wall. Preferably, the sieve device is connected to the other side wall neither by material fit nor by force fit, but rather by colliding with the side wall, although the contact point or contact surface is variable.

[0020] Furthermore, using multiple (especially closed-boundary) sieve openings can improve the grinding quality by defining the separation particle size, particularly by defining the particle size according to the opening geometry of the sieve openings.

[0021] The sieving device's collision with the other sidewalls ensures that material bumps or pulverized material can be re-feeded to the pulverizing section when the opposing comb opens or pivots outward under overload conditions. This saves energy costs and utilizes the pulverizing device in a low-wear manner.

[0022] In particular, the phrase “at least under overload conditions” is understood to mean that the sieve device can, at least under overload conditions, preferably always (i.e., not only under overload conditions, but also during use) abut against another side wall, such that the weight of the sieve device can be transferred to the other side wall and / or the other side wall absorbs the weight of the sieve device by abutting against it.

[0023] Furthermore, the size of the separated particles by the sieve element can be specifically specified by using multiple sieve openings, particularly based on the geometry of the sieve openings.

[0024] The sieve openings of a sieve device can be specially configured to be the same or different.

[0025] By pivotally arranging the opposing combs on the frame, load peaks can be reduced, and in particular, overload conditions that could damage the pulverizing unit can be avoided. Wear on the opposing combs is thus reduced. Furthermore, by pivotally arranging the opposing combs, the overall energy consumption of the pulverizing unit can be reduced compared to pulverizing units known in the prior art.

[0026] Specifically, the opposing comb-like component has a pivot section mounted on the frame in a manner rotatable via a pivot shaft, and comb-like slats connected to and protruding from the pivot section, having opposing crushing tools. Preferably, an adjustment device is engaged on or disposed on the back side of the opposing crushing roller of the pivot section.

[0027] Particularly preferably, the opposing crushing tools are spaced apart, so that the crushing tools can be guided separately through the gap formed between the two opposing crushing tools to crush the target material.

[0028] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the screening device is connected to the opposing comb via a locking device. Specifically, the locking device is connected to the opposing comb in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner. The screening device can also be connected to the locking device, similarly particularly preferably, in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner. The locking device enables the screening device to be arranged on the opposing comb, and the screening device is, in particular (e.g., for maintenance purposes), detachable. Arranging it on the opposing comb ensures that when the screening device needs to withstand high process forces, these forces can be transmitted to the opposing comb or to an adjustment device for adjusting the opposing comb, but also directly to the frame due to its support.

[0029] Preferably, the sieving device has a preferably continuous sieving element. Specifically, the sieving element is constructed as a single unit. The sieving element has sieve openings. The sieve openings are specifically constructed to be closed, such that the sieving element can have multiple sieve openings that are closed circumferentially. Specifically, the sieving element is constructed to be curved. The curved design of the sieving element can be specifically adapted to the outer envelope curve of the crushing roller. Therefore, the sieving element can at least partially surround and / or enclose the crushing roller.

[0030] In particular, at least one sieve eyelet (as described above) is configured to have closed boundaries, and in particular, all sieve eyeslet can be configured to have closed boundaries.

[0031] In the sense of this invention, a closed-border sieve aperture is specifically understood as having a surrounding and / or closed edge that defines the sieve aperture, preferably made of the material of the sieve element. Preferably, a closed-border sieve aperture can also be referred to as a fully enclosed sieve aperture.

[0032] The sieve openings can be rectangular, but in other embodiments they can also be honeycomb-shaped, hexagonal, strip-shaped, and / or elliptical. A key feature of rectangular or honeycomb shapes is that they prevent material from clogging or getting stuck in the sieve openings. Furthermore, the desired separation particle size or critical particle size can be determined by appropriately selecting the sieve openings, thereby ensuring that the sieved material has the desired particle size distribution.

[0033] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the sieve device is positioned on a locking device via a shaft. This shaft is specifically constructed as a single integral component and can extend in the longitudinal direction of the crushing roller or in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller (and also in the longitudinal direction of the sieve device) in the installed state. The sieve element can be directly or indirectly connected to the shaft.

[0034] Particularly preferably, the screen element is indirectly connected to the shaft via a support element, as will be explained below. Fastening the shaft to the locking device ensures, as needed, a certain degree of mobility for the suspended arrangement of the screen, particularly when the opposing comb is being moved to avoid it. Therefore, a certain degree of mobility of the screen relative to the opposing comb can be ensured, whereby the screen and the opposing comb can be simultaneously fixedly connected. This ensures a certain degree of avoidance behavior of the screen, especially when load peaks are acting on it. This achieves an anti-wear design for the screen and, in particular, ensures long-term use of the entire crushing unit. The relative mobility of the screen relative to the opposing comb is also advantageous because the screen is supported on the frame, particularly on the longitudinal side opposite the locking device. Therefore, the screening device is specifically connected to the opposing comb via a locking device at its first longitudinal axis, and preferably connected to the frame at multiple contact points and / or contact surfaces on its other longitudinal axis opposite to the first longitudinal axis, particularly by the screening device colliding with the frame at multiple contact points and / or contact surfaces. The contact points and / or contact surfaces or collision areas can change as the screening device moves, thus relative movement of the screen teeth relative to the opposing comb is also advantageous.

[0035] Preferably, the locking device has multiple hook-shaped sections for gripping and supporting the shaft from the rear. Each hook-shaped section may have a mounting opening allowing the shaft to enter from the outside. Therefore, each hook-shaped section may have an area for arranging the shaft, allowing it to lie flat on the hook-shaped section. Preferably, the shaft can also be removed from the hook-shaped section from above (away from the ground) after the corresponding fastening device has been removed, while connected to the locking device. Thus, the externally accessible mounting openings facilitate the arrangement of the sieve device on the opposing comb members, while particularly ensuring relative mobility between the sieve device and the opposing comb members.

[0036] Particularly preferably, the hook-shaped segment is fixedly connected to the connecting plate. Here, the hook-shaped segment can be configured to be integral with the connecting plate and / or connected to the connecting plate in a form-fit, material-fit, and / or force-fit manner.

[0037] The connecting plate can extend over at least 50%, more preferably between 60% and 100%, and more preferably at least 70% of the length of the screen element, particularly in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller. Therefore, support for the screen element or screen assembly can be ensured, particularly at least substantially, over the length required to stably support the screen assembly.

[0038] Specifically, the locking device (preferably a connecting plate) is connected to the lower side of the pivot section facing the ground and / or facing the sieve device via multiple connecting devices in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner (particularly via threaded connection). The connecting devices may specifically include bolts, nuts, and / or lock nuts. The connecting devices enable the locking device to be arranged in a detachable manner. Its location on the lower side of the pivot section ensures that the fastening portion of the sieve device is not embedded in the area of ​​the opposing crushing tool, but is instead located below the comb-like plates. Furthermore, its location on the lower side of the pivot section ensures that it cannot be directly mounted on the comb-like plates, but can be mounted on the pivot section where the adjusting device engages. This also gives the entire crushing device a particularly wear-resistant design.

[0039] Particularly preferably, the screen element is connected to and / or supported on at least one support element. The support element may be particularly arranged below the screen element. The support element is also arranged on the underside of the screen element opposite to the crushing roller and is particularly connected to the screen element, and / or the screen element abuts against the support element. In particular, a plurality of spaced-apart support elements may be provided for supporting and / or mounting the screen element. The support element may extend at least substantially partially across the width of the screen element. The width of the screen element is particularly obtained when it is at least substantially transverse to the axis of rotation of the crushing roller. In particular, the support element may extend over at least 30%, especially at least 50%, of the width of the screen element. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the screen element particularly extends at least substantially across the entire width of the support element and preferably abuts against the screen element directly from below.

[0040] In other embodiments, additional elements may be arranged between the support element and the screen element as needed. However, it is particularly preferred that the corresponding support element directly supports the screen element. The support element can therefore preferably be at least partially curved, particularly adapted to the shape of the screen element.

[0041] In addition, the support element can be connected to the screen element by means of material fitting (especially by welding).

[0042] Instead of welding the support elements to the screen elements, it is alternatively specified that the screen elements be connected to the support elements in a replaceable manner. In this embodiment, the screen elements can be connected to at least one support element, preferably to two outer support elements, via screen element connecting devices, particularly in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner. The screen elements can also be placed and / or supported solely on additional support elements.

[0043] Furthermore, the support element connects the screen element to the shaft. The support element thus ensures that the screen element is indirectly mounted on the locking device and therefore on the opposing comb.

[0044] The support elements thus ensure that the screen element is supported planarly. The screen surface of the screen element is also particularly unaffected, at least substantially, by the multiple support elements, especially since the support elements can be connected to the screen element in the area between the screen openings. The multiple support elements also ensure the screening of material discharged through the underside of the screen element, which is simultaneously supported by an axial shaft on opposing comb members. The direct contact of the support elements with the screen element further ensures that support is provided, at least substantially, uniformly across the width of the screen element.

[0045] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the pulverizing apparatus according to the invention, a stop device is provided for impacting and / or supporting the frame. Specifically, the sieving device has at least one (preferably integral) stop device for impacting and / or supporting the frame. The stop device can particularly ensure that the sieving element is supported on the frame at least substantially planarly. Specifically, the stop device impacts another sidewall of the frame opposite the first sidewall. Specifically, the stop device rests against the other sidewall at least substantially across its lower, ground-facing side. Therefore, the stop device can be designed to specifically correspond to the contact surface of the other sidewall, at least through its lower side.

[0046] In another preferred embodiment, particularly for replaceable screen elements, at least one stop is guided through a recess in the screen element.

[0047] Furthermore, it should be understood that, as needed, movement between the stop device and the other sidewall, particularly during the movement of the opposing comb, is permitted, so that the contact surface and / or contact point of the stop device on the other sidewall can be varied or displaced as needed, particularly during peak load conditions.

[0048] Specifically, a plurality of (preferably 2 to 10, particularly 3 to 6) spaced apart from each other are provided, each stop impacting at least partially (preferably fully) on another sidewall of the frame via its respective lower side. The stop may be at least partially curved, particularly configured to conform to or correspond to the curved surface of the other sidewall. Specifically, the stop is configured as arcuate, bow-shaped, and / or plate-shaped, and / or, as described at the beginning, configured to correspond to the contact surface of the other sidewall upon which the stop impacts and / or is supported. Therefore, it can be ensured that the process forces acting on the screening device are transmitted in the frame, particularly through the surfaces of the stopes, thereby providing effective support.

[0049] The stop device can be flat against another side wall and / or against another side wall of the frame by an arc angle of at least 5° to 80° (preferably between 10° and 60°) and / or a circumference range, thereby ensuring effective support in particular.

[0050] Particularly preferably, at least one additional support element of the screening device is provided to connect the shaft to the screening element. This additional support element may be specifically arranged adjacent to and fixedly connected to the screening element. In particular, the additional support elements are arranged alternately to ensure effective support.

[0051] Unlike the support element, the additional support element may not extend over most of the width of the screen element, but rather be arranged over a significantly smaller area of ​​the screen element to support it. Specifically, the additional support element is arranged only above the screen element, on the longitudinal edge opposite to the stop device, or overlapping and / or abutting against the upper longitudinal edge. In particular, the additional support element is fixedly connected to the longitudinal edge opposite to the stop device.

[0052] Additional support elements can connect the screen element to the shaft. Therefore, these additional support elements similarly ensure that the screen element is supported on the shaft; specifically, these additional support elements do not extend over most of the width of the screen element and therefore do not need to be positioned below the screen surface. This avoids obstructing the screening process. However, these additional support elements can at least guarantee at least substantially point-like support, thereby particularly and substantially preventing displacement and / or bending of the longitudinal edges away from the stop device during use of the screen element.

[0053] Therefore, the additional support element can accommodate the screen element and simultaneously accommodate the screen surface on the front longitudinal edge, because there is a high force in the process and thus the deformation of the longitudinal edge due to the process force can be largely avoided.

[0054] Preferably, the shaft is guided through the shaft opening of the support element and / or the shaft opening of another support element. Specifically, the shaft is guided through the shaft openings of multiple support elements and / or multiple other support elements. The corresponding shaft openings can be specifically configured to correspond to the external shape of the shaft, thereby allowing the shaft to be arranged in the shaft openings of the support elements and / or the other support elements in a manner that is at least substantially clearance-free. Therefore, the shaft can be connected to the support element and / or the other support element in a form-fitting manner. This connection ensures stable support for the support element.

[0055] The shaft may, as needed, be connected to the support element and / or to other support elements in a material-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, but this is not required. In particular, the shaft is inserted through the shaft opening of the support element and / or the shaft opening of another support element.

[0056] Furthermore, the shaft may protrude relative to an outer support element and / or an additional outer support element. The outer support element or additional outer support element is particularly a support element adjacent to only one support element or only one additional support element. The protrusion of the shaft relative to these outer support elements ensures that the shaft can be placed on the mounting device, which will be described further below, as needed after the locking device has been released.

[0057] Particularly preferably, the locking device has at least one retaining element. The retaining element is specifically configured to at least indirectly fix, lock, and / or retain the shaft. In this context, it may be specified that the retaining element directly engages with and / or interacts directly with the shaft. Alternatively, it may be specified that the retaining element interacts with other components connected to the shaft (particularly support elements and / or additional support elements).

[0058] The locking device thus ensures, through the fixing element, that separation between the locking device and the screening device is prevented even if the shaft unintentionally disengages from the mounting opening of the hook-shaped section, particularly by "stopping" such movement through a form fit ensured between the fixing element and other support elements and / or between the fixing device and the shaft. Therefore, the relative movement between the opposing comb-shaped member and the screening device is restricted by the fixing element. Ultimately, the fixing device enables the shaft to be locked within the hook-shaped section.

[0059] In the embodiment described first below, the fixing device interacts with a support element and / or with another support element. Another embodiment is then described, in which the fixing device interacts directly with the shaft.

[0060] Specifically, the fixing device can interact with at least one support element and / or at least one additional support element in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. The interaction between the fixing device and the support element or additional support element also ensures that the shaft can be prevented from undesirably disengaging from the hook-shaped section. Finally, the screening device can be connected to the opposing comb-shaped member via the shaft arranged in the hook-shaped section.

[0061] Furthermore, the fixing device may also have a displacement section protruding from the fixing plate for displacing the fixing plate. The displacement section may be specifically configured as a bolt and / or a threaded pin or a threaded pin section, and is preferably connected to the connecting plate.

[0062] Furthermore, the fixing device can be connected to the connecting plate in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. Ultimately, the fixing device also interacts with the connecting plate, as it ensures the connection between the screen device and the connecting plate. Preferably, at least one support element and / or at least one additional support element has a recess for embedding the fixing device, particularly for embedding the fixing plate. In particular, all additional support elements may have such a recess. If additional support elements and support members are provided simultaneously, all support elements and all additional support elements may have the recess, or only some support elements and / or only some additional support elements may have the recess, provided that the additional support elements do not react to the locking mechanism.

[0063] In a particularly preferred embodiment, only the additional support element has a recess.

[0064] To secure the fasteners, protrusions may extend from the connecting plate. Specifically, each fastener is provided with a protrusion. The protrusion allows the fasteners to be connected to it in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner (particularly by bolts). The protrusion also enables displacement of the fastened fasteners as needed. Particularly preferably, the fasteners, as described above, have a fixing plate and a displacement segment (particularly a threaded rod) protruding from the fixing plate. The threaded rod or displacement segment can be guided solely by the protrusion, thereby ensuring locking between the connecting plate and the support element and / or other support elements. This locking can be released again by displacement of the displacement segment relative to the protrusion. Preferably, the fasteners can therefore be connected to the protrusion in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner (particularly by bolts). Bolts may particularly include the aforementioned threaded rod. The threaded rod can also interact with the threads in the protrusion as needed.

[0065] The following describes an implementation of the fixing device, in which the fixing device interacts directly with the shaft.

[0066] In this embodiment, it is preferably specified that the fixing device directly secures the shaft. Alternatively or additionally, it may be specified that the fixing device at least partially surrounds and / or encloses the shaft for fixing and / or retention. In particular, the fixing device may be arranged such that the shaft disposed in the mounting opening of the hook-shaped section is completely surrounded within the area of ​​the hook-shaped section, that is, partially surrounded by the hook-shaped section and partially surrounded by the fixing device.

[0067] Preferably, the fastening device can be detachably and force-fittedly and / or form-fittedly (preferably by bolt connection) connected to the hook-shaped segment. It is not necessary to provide exactly one fastening device for each hook-shaped segment, but this is possible. In particular, multiple fastening devices can interact with multiple hook-shaped segments.

[0068] In particular, in this embodiment, the shaft can be rotated even in a fixed state, which can be used to pivot the sieve device relative to the opposing comb (preferably when the cover is open), as will be described below.

[0069] In another particularly preferred embodiment, at least one guide rail is provided on the underside of the connecting plate facing the screen device for guiding the fixing device, particularly for guiding the fixing plate. The guide rail may specifically have two rails arranged at least substantially parallel to each other. The guide rail thus ensures that the fixing device can be secured into the recesses of the support elements and / or other support elements, because the displacement movement of the fixing device when desired to be locked can be specifically defined.

[0070] In another preferred embodiment, the stop device and each support element are constructed as a single unit. Therefore, the support element can specifically extend from the longitudinal edge opposite to the stop device to the stop device, and thus the stop device can be connected to the longitudinal edge opposite to the stop device for force transmission. This enables the process forces acting on the screening device to be optimally transmitted to the frame via the stop device.

[0071] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment, the screening device is provided with an extension element connected to the screening element. Specifically, the extension element does not have screen openings and / or is configured as a continuous, closed plate and / or is configured to be substantially flat. The extension element can therefore be specifically connected to the screening element. Preferably, the extension element is arranged on a longitudinal edge opposite the axis. Furthermore, the extension element can also be used to arrange or secure a stop device, which can in particular protrude relative to the extension element. The extension element can preferably extend to and particularly abut and / or collide with another side wall of the frame.

[0072] Extension elements can particularly avoid destructive edges (Störkante) in the material flow, and therefore can be used specifically to deliver material from the screen surface to the sidewall or even in the reverse direction during a reverse process.

[0073] Specifically, the stop (preferably in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner) is fixedly connected to the extension element. Therefore, the stop can protrude from the extension element and, as needed, transmit force to the frame via the extension element, since the extension element preferably reaches and specifically abuts against another side wall of the frame.

[0074] In addition, in another preferred embodiment, at least one spacing retainer of the sieve device is provided to ensure the spacing between the sieve element and the crushing roller.

[0075] Specifically, two spaced-apart gap holders are provided, which are specifically constructed to be at least substantially plate-like and preferably adapted to the outer surface of the crushing roller. The gap holders can be particularly at least substantially directly adjacent to the outer surface of the crushing roller, particularly in the unloaded state, creating a net gap of less than 2 cm (preferably less than 1 cm, more preferably less than 0.5 cm). Specifically, the minimum distance between the crushing tool and the sieve element is less than 5 cm, preferably less than 2 cm, in the unloaded state of the crushing device, thus the gap holders thereby create a net gap of less than 2 cm relative to the outer surface of the crushing roller, particularly in the non-use state. The gap holders ensure that the forces acting on the sieve device due to the crushing process (which may lift the sieve device from its working position) do not cause the sieve element to come into contact with the crushing tool. Otherwise, there is a risk of damage. This can be avoided by the gap holders.

[0076] The spacing retainer can be specifically arranged to extend at least substantially on the screen element and particularly over at least 10% (preferably between 10% and 60%) of the width of the screen element.

[0077] In another embodiment, however, the spacing retainer can also be arranged on the extension element and / or the stop device as needed, and in this position ensures the spacing between the screen element and the crushing roller or the crushing tool of the crushing roller. The spacing retainer that needs to maintain separation and / or needs to be formed can be eliminated as needed, thereby ensuring, in particular, that the screen surface of the screen element is continuous. Material is not blocked by the spacing retainer as the crushing roller rotates, thereby enabling, in particular, higher throughput and energy savings. In this case, the spacing function must be performed by other elements as described above, such as the stop device. Therefore, the stop device can be configured, for example, at one end, such that as the screen device rises toward the crushing roller, these elements first strike the outer surface of the crushing roller and thereby prevent the crushing tool from contacting the screen element.

[0078] Alternatively or additionally, it may be specified that stabilizing elements or other elements of the screening device connected to the opposing comb may cause the screening device to be blocked. Additional stop surfaces at other locations (e.g., end face walls) are also considered. Finally, sufficient clearance is also ensured, particularly between the screening device and the crushing roller.

[0079] In another preferred embodiment, the function of the spacing maintainer can also be performed by other components of the crushing device, which will be further explained below.

[0080] In another preferred embodiment, at least one stabilizing element is provided adjacent to the shaft to connect the support element and / or other support elements. The stabilizing element can be specifically configured as a shaft. Particularly preferably, the stabilizing element does not protrude beyond the outer support element or other outer support element. Like the shaft, the stabilizing element can also be guided through shaft openings for the stabilizing element in the support element and / or other support element, wherein, in particular, the stabilizing element is arranged in these shaft openings in a manner that is at least substantially gapless. The stabilizing element can be additionally connected to the support element and / or other support elements as needed, in a force-fit, form-fit, and / or material-fit manner. In particular, the stabilizing element is not directly connected to the opposing comb and preferably provides further stabilization to the screening device. The stabilizing element is not specifically intended to interact with the locking device, but rather to provide sufficient stability to the screening device and further enables the support element and other support elements to be connected to each other no longer via a shaft, but via another device (i.e., the stabilizing element). Therefore, the support element can also be configured as a thick-walled tube. The support elements can also be used as needed: the screen device can be lifted by the support elements for maintenance and / or repair purposes.

[0081] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the pulverizing apparatus according to the invention, the frame has a pivotable cover plate, wherein opposing comb-like elements and a sieving device are at least partially mounted on the cover plate, and / or particularly, wherein the cover plate is arranged on and / or forms a first sidewall. The cover plate can be actuated, particularly by a comb-like element cover plate cylinder.

[0082] To actuate the cover plate, two implementation methods will be described below, both of which enable movement of the sieve device when the cover plate is actuated.

[0083] First, one embodiment is described below, in which the sieve device is placed on at least one mounting device: Particularly preferably, the mounting devices are configured to open and close the cover of the screening device. The mounting devices may be specifically connected to the frame (preferably in the end face wall region and / or on the first side wall). The mounting devices may be configured as needed to receive and arrange the screening device, particularly when the cover is open or closed. In particular, two mounting devices are provided, preferably corresponding to the end sides of opposing comb-like members. The mounting devices may be specifically configured with sections for arranging and / or placing mounting pins or for arranging and / or placing shafts with protruding relative to outer support elements and / or additional outer support elements. For this purpose, the mounting devices may have sections for arranging shafts or recesses for arranging mounting pins.

[0084] Therefore, when the cover is opened, the locking device is first released from the opposing comb and / or the sieve device is released from the opposing comb. The sieve device can then be placed on the mounting device, the cover can then pivot outwards, and the sieve device can be removed from the crushing chamber, specifically as needed. For assembly, it can also be specified that the sieve device is first placed on the mounting device, then the cover is closed, and the sieve device is connected to the opposing comb via the locking device.

[0085] To open or close the cover, the mounting device can be specifically displaced, either forward or outward. For this purpose, the mounting device can be connected to the frame via a connecting device, which can be specifically guided through an elongated hole in the mounting device, allowing the mounting device to be pushed back into the working position of the crushing roller for the purpose of using the crushing device, and specifically arranged to no longer cause interference in the crushing chamber. Therefore, the mounting device can specifically serve as a support for the sieving device.

[0086] In particular, the mounting device can be provided in a manner independent of the cover plate and / or the opposing comb. The mounting device can be connected to the frame, and in particular, mounted on the frame. To crush the material, the mounting device is pre-push in, in particular to prevent the screening device from colliding with the mounting device when it is extended.

[0087] If, for example, the sieve device is located on a mounting device or at least one mounting device and on a side wall on the other side, the cover can be closed in particular. The sieve device can be received in the hook section in particular by the movement of the opposing comb-like members and the shaft and secured by the locking member or locking device described above.

[0088] Another embodiment will be described below, in which the sieve device can be pulled out of the crushing chamber together with the opposing comb when the cover is open or introduced into the crushing chamber when the cover is closed.

[0089] In this embodiment, it is preferably specified that the locking device need not be released from the opposing comb when the cover is opened. Preferably, the fixing device also need not be released. In this embodiment, the fixing device is particularly preferably constructed according to the second embodiment described above, in which the fixing device can directly fix the shaft. In this embodiment, the rotation that the shaft can perform also allows the screen device to pivot or pivotally move relative to the opposing comb when the cover is opened.

[0090] Preferably, the sieve assembly is connected to and supported on the frame by the opposing comb members, such that the sieve assembly can be actuated and / or moved together with the opposing comb members when the cover is opened. Therefore, the sieve assembly can be moved, in particular, for installation and removal via the comb member cover mechanism. During installation, the sieve assembly can be placed on the open cover and connected to the opposing comb members using an external lifting tool (e.g., a wheel loader or crane). The cover can then be closed by actuating the comb member cover cylinder, displacing the sieve assembly to its working position. Closing the cover locks the sieve assembly in its working position, thus eliminating the need for the aforementioned locking devices and / or fixing devices. When the cover is open, the sieve assembly can be pulled out from its working position, particularly without needing to release the sieve assembly from the opposing comb members beforehand. This is advantageous because, to remove the sieve assembly (e.g., for repair or maintenance), the user no longer needs to disconnect the opposing comb members from the sieve assembly in the crushing chamber before opening the cover. Therefore, ergonomic operation is achieved in this manner. Furthermore, the existing actuators of the crushing unit can be used to install and remove the screen device. Additionally, in this embodiment, it is no longer necessary to move the screen device upwards or upwards via an external lifting device (especially a crane or wheel loader) passing under the crushing rollers on an additional side wall. This movement can be triggered and / or completed via a cover plate in this embodiment.

[0091] Particularly preferably, in this context, a support rail is provided on the frame (especially on the end face wall of the frame) along which the screening device can be guided and / or supported when the cover is opened and / or closed. In particular, two support rails may be provided on the two end face walls of the frame. Preferably, the support rail has an upper limit rail facing the crushing roller and a lower limit rail opposite to the upper limit rail. The upper limit rail may have at least one upward sliding ramp for impacting and guiding the screening device, particularly in the end regions on the end sides.

[0092] The screen device can be guided along the support rail when the cover is opened or closed. Specifically, it is no longer necessary to remove the fixing device, which interacts specifically with the shaft, before the cover is opened, thereby enabling the screen device to pivot relative to the opposing comb when the cover is actuated. The support rail can induce this pivoting, as the screen device can pivot while the connection with the opposing comb remains due to its predetermined positioning.

[0093] Furthermore, it is preferably specified that the screening device is guided between the upper and lower limit rails by a support device (particularly protruding from the end of the screening device). The support device is specifically configured to interact with the support rails and therefore also to pivot the screening device.

[0094] The support device may protrude specifically relative to the screen element and / or the screen element may have a recess in the area of ​​the support device and / or be reset relative to the support device.

[0095] Preferably, the support device can be placed on and / or supported on the lower limit rail when the cover is opened and / or closed.

[0096] Furthermore, the upper limit rail can be additionally configured as a spacing retainer. The spacing retainer function can be achieved by the following: the support device is also housed in the support rail during the use of the crushing device, and when the sieve device attempts to move away from the crushing roller, the support device collides with the upper limit rail after overcoming a small gap. In this way, the required spacing between the crushing tool and the sieve element can be maintained during use. This method specifically avoids the need for a spacing retainer that is directly connected to the sieve element and requires separation.

[0097] The spacing maintenance function of the upper limit rail, which can be assumed as needed, is particularly important in applications where materials are being crushed, especially in crushing devices. Therefore, the spacing maintenance function of the upper limit rail is particularly important during the crushing process.

[0098] Particularly preferably, the lower limit rail of the support rail is only required for the installation and removal of the sieve device. In use or during the crushing process, the sieve device is specifically pressed against, supported on, and / or collided with another side wall, thereby transferring the forces acting on the sieve device to the other side wall. Particularly preferably, the lower limit rail therefore does not absorb process forces during crushing, but is specifically designed solely for the weight of the sieve device and ultimately preferably serves to simplify the installation and removal of the sieve device.

[0099] Preferably, the support device is configured to connect the stop devices to each other, particularly as a shaft. For this purpose, the support device may be specifically guided through the opening of the stop device and / or connected to the stop device in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner, particularly wherein the support device is arranged in the stop device in a gapless manner. Particularly preferably, the support device protrudes from the outermost stop device and / or screen element on both sides and interacts particularly with the support rail respectively.

[0100] In this embodiment, another advantage of the support device (especially when the screen element is arranged on the support element in a replaceable manner) is that the screen element can be additionally held by the support device. Specifically, the support device can connect support elements not connected to the screen element to support elements connected to the screen element via screen element connecting devices. In particular, in this embodiment, the stop device is guided through a recess in the screen element, which helps to provide further stability to the (especially replaceable) screen element.

[0101] In other embodiments, additional screen extension elements may be provided below the screen surface of the screen element. These screen extension elements may be specifically constructed as strips and particularly preferably have an L-shaped cross-section. The screen extension elements extend the screen surface in depth, thereby allowing particularly long and excessively long materials to be intercepted and subsequently conveyed for re-crushing.

[0102] The opposing comb members can be adjusted to different angles relative to the crushing roller, so that ideally, the opposing comb members only pivot outward under overload conditions or only at particularly high load peaks. This ensures the desired 1cm gap between the sieve and the crushing roller. The sieve is thus constantly cleaned by the crushing tool, thereby improving throughput.

[0103] Furthermore, in another embodiment of the present invention, it is particularly preferred that a guiding device is provided on the opposing comb-shaped member below the opposing crushing tool and facing the screen element, for discharging the crushed target material and specifically for discharging the crushed target material onto the screen element.

[0104] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, the guiding device extends substantially in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller and / or in the longitudinal direction of the opposing comb, and particularly extends at least substantially over the entire length of the crushing roller and / or the opposing comb.

[0105] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the crushing apparatus according to the invention, the guiding device has at least one stop wall portion arranged between two adjacent opposing crushing tools, wherein, in particular, the stop wall portion is arranged directly below the opposing crushing tools and / or the stop wall portion is provided between each of the two adjacent opposing crushing tools and / or the length of the stop wall portion is less than the length of at least one directly adjacent opposing crushing tool.

[0106] The guiding device is specifically configured to improve material delivery to the sieve element, allowing it to proceed without interference. It also ensures that the crushing process on the opposing crushing tool (which can be specifically designed as a comb) and the material throughput of the crushing device are not affected.

[0107] Preferably, the stop wall portion has a first segment arranged on the opposing comb and a second segment connected to the first segment, wherein the first segment and the second segment enclose an angle α between 100° and 170° (preferably between 110° and 165°, more preferably between 135° and 150°).

[0108] Particularly preferably, the guide device has a (particularly continuous) third section connected to a second section of the stop wall, the third section forming an angle γ between 70° and 110° (preferably between 85° and 95°) relative to at least one second section (particularly relative to all second sections).

[0109] Furthermore, in another embodiment of the inventive concept, it is particularly preferred that the opposing crushing tool is mounted on opposing comb-shaped members via support bodies, wherein, in particular, guiding devices are arranged between the support bodies. The support body may also be referred to as the bottom body for the opposing crushing tool.

[0110] Furthermore, in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjusting device is provided to have at least one hydraulic cylinder.

[0111] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus configured for pulverizing a target material. This pulverizing apparatus specifically includes a pulverizing roller rotatably mounted on a frame, having pulverizing tools on its outer surface. Additionally, the pulverizing apparatus includes opposing comb-like members with opposing pulverizing tools for interacting with the pulverizing tools to pulverize the target material.

[0112] In addition, a screening device is provided, which is arranged below the crushing roller and configured to screen the crushed target material. The screening device has continuous (particularly integral) screen elements with multiple (particularly closed-border) screen openings. Opposing comb-like members are pivotally mounted on the frame (particularly on the first side wall of the frame) and can be adjusted in the direction of the crushing roller by an adjusting device. The screening device is mounted on the frame.

[0113] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the sieve device is connected to the opposing comb-shaped member by a locking device in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner. The sieve device is suspended on the locking device by a shaft, wherein, in particular, the locking device is provided with a plurality of hook-shaped sections for mounting the shaft. The hook-shaped sections may, in particular, each have a mounting opening for the shaft to enter from the outside.

[0114] It should be understood that the advantages of the aforementioned pulverizing device are described with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, and these advantages apply in the same manner to this embodiment of the pulverizing device without further explicit explanation. This particularly relates to the design of the sieving device and / or locking device, which can be adapted to the current embodiment.

[0115] In this equally advantageous embodiment of the invention for the pulverizing apparatus, it is only optionally stipulated that the sieving device, in addition to being mounted on the opposing comb members, is directly or indirectly supported on the frame and / or impacts the support. The locking device, which, according to the invention, suspends the sieving device on its shaft, ensures the fastening of the sieving device in a particularly advantageous manner, even when not supported on the frame, as described at the beginning. Therefore, this embodiment of the pulverizing apparatus is also independently claimed.

[0116] Of course, in this embodiment, it may also be specified, as needed, in a particularly preferred embodiment, that the screening device (in particular by means of at least one stop device) is supported and / or impacted on the frame (in particular on another side wall).

[0117] In this embodiment of the crushing device, the locking device is of key importance to the invention, which ensures that the sieve device is connected to the opposing comb in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner.

[0118] The locking device is particularly advantageous because it allows for a simple yet detachable arrangement of the screen assembly on the opposing comb. Furthermore, since the screen assembly is suspended from the locking device by a shaft, a certain degree of relative mobility or clearance can be achieved between the opposing comb and the screen assembly, even though the screen assembly is connected to the opposing comb by a shaft. Therefore, optimal balance of process forces can be achieved.

[0119] Furthermore, it should be clearly noted that all the ranges described above and below include all sub-ranges and individual values ​​they cover, which should be considered as key elements of the invention, even if they are not specifically described in the text by way of enumeration. Attached Figure Description

[0120] Other features, advantages, and possible uses of the invention are derived from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings and the drawings themselves. All described and / or illustrated features, either on their own or in any combination thereof, constitute the subject matter of the invention, regardless of their encapsulation in the claims or their reference in the claims.

[0121] in: Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the pulverizing device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the crushing device according to the present invention. Figure 3 It shows Figure 1 A perspective view of the components of the device according to the present invention, viewed from below. Figure 4A A perspective view of the sieving device according to the invention and the locking device arranged thereon is shown. Figure 4B It shows Figure 4A Another perspective view of the screening device and the locking device arranged thereon shown. Figure 5A A perspective schematic diagram of another embodiment of the sieving device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 5B It shows Figure 5A The side view schematic diagram of the sieving device according to the present invention shown is shown below. Figure 5C It shows Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the sieving device according to the invention, viewed from below. Figure 5D It shows Figure 5A Another side view schematic diagram of the sieving device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 6A A perspective schematic diagram of another embodiment of the sieving device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 6B It shows Figure 6A The side view schematic diagram of the sieving device according to the present invention shown is shown below. Figure 6C It shows Figure 6A A schematic diagram of the sieving device according to the invention, viewed from below. Figure 6D It shows Figure 6A Another side view schematic diagram of the sieving device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 7 A perspective view of the opposing comb-shaped member according to the invention and the sieve device according to the invention arranged thereon is shown. Figure 8 It shows Figure 7 A schematic rear view of the component shown. Figure 9 A perspective view of a portion of another embodiment of the pulverizing apparatus according to the present invention is shown. Figure 10 A perspective view of the pulverizing apparatus according to the invention is shown without the pulverizing rollers arranged therein. Figure 11A schematic diagram of the components of the crushing device according to the invention, viewed from below, is shown in another embodiment. Figure 12 A sieving device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 11 A detailed schematic diagram of the installation shown is provided. Figure 13 A perspective view of another embodiment of the sieving device according to the invention is shown, with a locking device arranged therein. Figure 14 It shows Figure 13 The diagram shown is a perspective view from below of the sieving device according to the invention, with a locking device arranged therein. Figure 15 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the locking device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 16 A perspective view of the guiding device according to the present invention is shown. Figure 17 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the crushing device according to the invention in a first state with the cover closed is shown. Figure 18 It shows Figure 17 Another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the crushing device according to the invention in a second state with the cover plate open, and Figure 19 A perspective view of another embodiment of the sieving device according to the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0122] exist Figures 1 to 15 The accompanying drawings illustrate one embodiment of the pulverizing apparatus 1 according to the present invention, wherein the drawings show different designs of certain components or different views of certain parts of the pulverizing apparatus 1 according to the present invention.

[0123] Figures 1 to 3 It shows Figure 1 Different views of the crushing device 1 shown in Figures 4 to 5. Figure 16 As shown Figure 1 Different views of the components of the crushing device 1 shown. Other parts of the crushing device 1 have been removed for clarity or to demonstrate specific features in order to describe the functional principle.

[0124] Figure 1 The pulverizing device 1 shown is used to pulverize target materials. The pulverizing device 1 has a pulverizing roller 5, on the outer surface 2 of which pulverizing tools 3 are arranged. The pulverizing roller 5 is mounted on a frame 4, and the pulverizing roller 5 can also be mounted in a manner that allows it to rotate about a rotation axis. The rotatable mounting method of the pulverizing roller 5 is not shown in detail in the illustrated embodiment.

[0125] The frame 4 is also shown schematically, and an outer housing may also be provided for the frame 4 to protect the components arranged within the frame 4 from external influences. This is also not shown in detail for the sake of clarity. Therefore, it should be understood that the crushing device 1 may also include other components not shown in detail in the drawings, such as the outer housing or the support for the crushing roller 5.

[0126] The frame 4 may also have multiple walls, with the figures showing only the front and rear end face walls 47 and side walls 10, 12. At least one of the end face walls 47 and / or at least one side wall 10, 12 may be constructed as a vertical wall and thus specifically arranged to be immovable. However, the frame 4 may also be provided with removable or movable components as needed.

[0127] In the context of this document, it should be understood that only key components of the frame 4 are shown in the accompanying drawings, and therefore the frame 4 may include other components. The crushing roller 5 is specifically mounted on at least one of the end face wall portions 47.

[0128] Figure 1 The pulverizing device 1 shown also has opposing comb-like members 7 for interacting with the pulverizing roller 5. The opposing comb-like members 5 include opposing pulverizing tools 6 that interact with the pulverizing tools 3 to pulverize the target material. Pulverizing can be carried out in such a way that the pulverizing tools 3 are guided between the opposing pulverizing tools 6, particularly as the pulverizing roller 5 rotates. A gap is therefore provided between adjacent opposing pulverizing tools 6, through which the pulverizing tools 3 can pass in order to pulverize the target material. This gap... Figure 7 The diagram is shown schematically. It should be understood in the context that not all gaps must be passed through by the crushing tool 3 simultaneously as the crushing roller 5 rotates. Specifically, the crushing tool 3 can be arranged at intervals on the outer surface 2 of the crushing roller 5 in the circumferential direction, allowing different gaps to be selectively passed through sequentially by the crushing tool 3. The crushing roller 5 is also rotatably driven, thereby enabling the crushing of the target material.

[0129] The crushing device 1 includes a sieve device 9 arranged below the crushing roller 5 to sieve the crushed target material. The sieve device 9 can separate at least a portion of the crushed target material. The sieve device 9 has a plurality of sieve openings 8. The sieve openings 8 can be configured to be identical or different. Figure 5A The image shows a sieving device 9, which includes a plurality of sieve holes 10 that are at least substantially identical in structure.

[0130] The opposing comb-shaped member 7 can be pivotally mounted on the frame 4 and can be adjusted in the direction of the crushing roller 5 by means of the adjusting device 11, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown schematically. Adjustment device 11 in... Figure 8This can also be observed in the image. The adjusting device 11 can be configured such that when a higher force is applied to the opposing comb 7, it causes the opposing comb 7 to pivot away from the crushing roller 5, thereby increasing the distance between the opposing crushing tool 6 and the crushing tool 3. This pivoting is particularly effective when the target material gets stuck in the gap and the rotation of the crushing roller 5 is locked. After the blockage is released, the adjusting device 11 can, in particular, readjust the opposing comb 7 towards the crushing roller 5. Therefore, the adjusting device 11 ensures that the opposing comb 7 is pivotally mounted on the frame 4. The pivot axis 14 of the opposing comb 7 is specifically located in… Figure 2 As shown in the image.

[0131] Figure 9 The opposing comb-shaped member 7 is shown to be mounted on the first sidewall 10.

[0132] Figure 2 It shows Figure 1 The schematic cross-sectional view of the crushing apparatus 1 according to the invention shown shows that the sieve device 9 is at least indirectly mounted on the opposing comb-shaped member 7. At least under overload conditions or at load peaks, the sieve device 9 is also supported on the frame 4, and in particular, the sieve device 9 impacts the frame 4, which may also be referred to as the machine frame.

[0133] Specifically, the screening device 9 is supported on another side wall 12 of the frame 4 opposite to the first side wall 10, as... Figure 10 As illustrated. This point is... Figure 2 It is also shown in the cross-sectional view.

[0134] Figure 10 In this regard, the crushing device 1 without the crushing roller 5 arranged therein is shown, so that the screen device 9 can be observed colliding with the frame 4. Therefore Figure 10 As shown: the sieve device 9 is mounted on the opposing comb 7 and is also supported on the other side wall 12.

[0135] Figure 1 The first sidewall 10 and the other sidewall 12 are shown forming the longitudinal edges of the frame 4. The longitudinal edges of the frame 4 extend, in particular, at least substantially, in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller 5, or the first sidewall 10 and the second sidewall 12 extend, in particular, in the longitudinal direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller 5, through their respective longitudinal extensions.

[0136] exist Figures 5A to 5D neutralization Figures 6A to 6D Two different embodiments of the sieve device 9 are shown. The differences between these embodiments are that... Figures 5A to 5DThe sieve device 9 shown has sieve extension elements 45 below the sieve surface. These sieve extension elements have an L-shaped cross-section and preferably extend the sieve surface in depth. Therefore, the sieve extension elements 45 prevent excessively long material that would otherwise pass through the sieve openings 8 from being discharged. This material can then be re-fed to the crushing device 1.

[0137] The mesh size 8 can be specifically configured to be substantially rectangular, such as... Figure 4B As shown. In other embodiments, honeycomb-like hexagonal and / or strip-like properties are possible in the sieve 8.

[0138] Figure 5C and Figure 6C As shown, the mesh 8 is constructed with closed boundaries and is therefore spaced apart from each other.

[0139] Figure 5A besides Figure 6A As shown, the sieving device 9 includes a continuous (particularly integral) sieving element 17 with sieve holes 8.

[0140] However, other configurations of the sieve aperture 8 are also feasible. For example, the honeycomb structure of the sieve aperture 8 can achieve optimal discharge of the pulverized target material, especially when the target material does not get stuck in the sieve aperture 8. Therefore, the honeycomb structure specifically enables an anti-wear design for the sieve element 17.

[0141] Figure 2 The adjusting device 11 shown may have at least one hydraulic cylinder for pivoting the opposing comb 7.

[0142] exist Figure 13 As shown, the screen element 17 is configured to be at least partially curved. The curvature of the screen element 17 can be specifically configured to at least partially correspond to and / or adapt to the outer envelope curve of the crushing roller 5. Therefore, the curved section of the screen element 17 can particularly follow the outer envelope curve of the crushing roller 5 and be arranged at least partially below the crushing roller 5, so that the screen element 17 at least partially encloses and / or can at least partially surround the crushing roller 5 in the region below the crushing roller 5, such as... Figure 11 As illustrated in the diagram.

[0143] exist Figure 3 As shown, the screening device 9 is connected to the opposing comb-shaped member 7 via a locking device 13. The locking device 13 can also be connected to the opposing comb-shaped member 7 via force engagement and / or form engagement, such as... Figure 2 As shown in the image. Figure 2As shown, the locking device 13 is connected to the underside of the opposing comb 7 via a plurality of spaced-apart connecting devices 22 (which may specifically include screws and / or nuts). Furthermore, the plurality of connecting devices 12 also... Figure 12 And specifically in Figure 8 As shown in the image. Figure 8 like Figure 7 Only the components of the crushing device 1 are shown, namely the opposing comb-shaped member 7 and the sieve device 9 arranged thereon, both of which are also arranged on a pivotable cover plate 36, which will be described in detail below.

[0144] Figure 7 As shown, the opposing comb 7 has a pivot section 15 pivotally mounted on the frame 4 via a pivot shaft 14, and comb-shaped slats with opposing crushing tools 6 connected to and protruding from the pivot section 15. An adjusting device 11 is arranged to be fitted onto the back side of the opposing crushing roller 5 of the pivot section 15, as... Figure 9 As shown.

[0145] The opposing crushing tools 6 are spaced apart from each other, allowing the crushing tool 3 to be guided through the gaps formed between the two opposing crushing tools 6 to crush the target material. A guiding device 16 may also be arranged between the opposing crushing tools 6. Figure 16 The details are shown below. The guide device 16, which is ultimately used to discharge the crushed material, will also be described below.

[0146] exist Figure 3 As shown, the sieve device 9 is suspended from the locking device 13 by a shaft 18. The shaft 18 extends at least substantially beyond a portion of the length of the sieve device 9 extending in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller 5, for example from... Figure 5A and Figure 5B And from Figure 13 and Figure 14 This can be seen from the text.

[0147] The sieve device 9 can therefore be connected to the opposing comb-shaped member 7 via the shaft 18. For this purpose, the shaft 18 can be configured to be arranged in the hook-shaped section 19 of the locking device 13, such as... Figure 3 As schematically shown, the hook-shaped section 19 is used to grip and support the shaft 18 from the rear, as... Figure 3 As clearly shown. For this purpose, the hook-shaped segments 19 each have mounting openings 20 that allow the shaft 18 to enter from the outside and are thus opened, for example in… Figure 15 As shown in the figure. The shaft 18 can therefore be accommodated in the hook-shaped section 19 when using the crushing device 1. In addition, by arranging the shaft 18 in the hook-shaped section 19 of the locking device 13, a detachable arrangement can also be ensured.

[0148] In addition to mounting the shaft 18 in the hook-shaped section 19, the screen device 9 can also be locked via the locking device 19 as needed. Figure 14 The diagram is shown schematically. Here, the components of the locking device 13 are embedded in the recess of the screening device 9, which will be described in detail later.

[0149] Figure 15 As shown, the hook-shaped section 19 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 21. The connecting plate 21 can also be used to connect to the lower side of the pivot section 15, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0150] The connecting plate 21 can also be connected to the hook-shaped segment 19 by means of material fit, shape fit and / or force fit, or in other embodiments it can be constructed as an integral part of the hook-shaped segment.

[0151] The connecting plate 21 may extend over at least 50%, particularly at least 70%, of the length of the screen element 17, for example in Figure 4B As shown in the image.

[0152] However, the connecting plate 21 does not need to extend along the entire length of the screen element 17, but only needs to extend along the section required for fastening to the underside of the opposing comb 7. This schematic fastening on the underside can also be achieved from... Figure 8 and Figure 9 A detailed observation is made, in which a portion or component of the crushing device 1 is shown in the corresponding side view.

[0153] As explained above, the locking device 19, specifically the connecting plate 21, can be connected to the lower side of the pivot section 15 facing the ground and / or facing the screen device 9 via a plurality of connecting devices 22 in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner (particularly via a threaded connection), such as Figure 2 As shown.

[0154] To install the screen element 17, a support element 23 can be used. This support element 23... Figures 4A to 6D Different embodiments of the intermediate sieve device 9 are shown. The support element 23 is configured to support the sieve element 17. Thus, the sieve element 17 can be connected to at least one (particularly located below the sieve element 17) support element 23 arranged facing away from the crushing roller 5, particularly in a force-fit and / or form-fit and / or material-fit manner.

[0155] exist Figure 19 Another embodiment of the sieve device 19 is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the sieve element 17 is arranged on the support element 23 in a replaceable manner. Figure 19Thus, it is shown that the sieve element 17 is connected to at least one support element 23 via a sieve element connecting device 51, particularly to the two outer support elements 23. The sieve element 17 may be specifically placed on the intermediate support elements 23, but not specifically connected to these intermediate support elements 23 in a material-fitting manner.

[0156] Specifically, multiple support elements 23 spaced apart from each other are provided, such as Figure 6A As detailed. In particular, the support element 23 extends over at least 30%, and especially at least 50%, of the width 24 of the screen element 17, as shown. Figure 6A As shown in the image. Figure 6A It is even shown that the support element 23 extends over the entire width 24 of the screen element 17 and abuts directly against the screen element 17 from below.

[0157] In addition, the support element can be configured to be at least partially curved, particularly adapted to the shape of the underside of the screen element 17, with the support element 23 colliding with the screen element.

[0158] The support element 23 can be connected to the screen element 17 by means of material fit (especially by welding).

[0159] Support element 23 is used to support screen element 17, and in particular, to connect screen element 17 to shaft 18. Figure 5A This is also shown in the diagram. Therefore, the screen element 17 is indirectly connected to the shaft 18 via the support element 23.

[0160] In addition to support element 23, another support element 25 may be provided, for example, according to Figure 5A and Figure 6A As shown in the embodiment. These additional support elements 25 can also be used to support the screen element 17 and specifically connect the screen element 18 to the shaft 18. Figure 5A and Figure 6A In the embodiment shown, the additional support element 25 is arranged only on the longitudinal upper edge 26 of the screen element 9, or engaged on and / or abutting against the longitudinal upper edge.

[0161] Figure 5A As shown, support element 23 and additional support element 25 are arranged alternately. However, other arrangements are also possible. The additional support element 25 ultimately supports screen element 17 without directly adjoining the screen surface, thus not hindering the screening process.

[0162] Support element 23 and additional support element 25 may have shaft openings for the shaft 18 to pass through, wherein the shaft 18 may be arranged in these shaft openings in a manner that is at least substantially clearance-free. Preferably, the shaft 18 may also be removed from the shaft openings as needed. In another embodiment, the shaft 18 may also be connected to the shaft opening of support element 23 or the shaft opening of another support element in a material-fit manner.

[0163] Therefore, shaft 18 can be connected to support element 23 and / or to another support element 25 in a form-fitting manner.

[0164] exist Figure 5A As shown, shaft 18 extends from each of its two end sides relative to either outer support element 23 or 25 (depending on whether the outer support element is support element 23 or another support element 25). The outer support elements 23 and 25 are understood to be support elements arranged only apart from or adjacent to the other support element 23 or another support element 23 or 25.

[0165] To ensure that the screening device 9 is supported on the frame 4, a stop device 32 can be provided. The stop device 32 is located on... Figure 5A neutralization Figure 10 The usage configuration in section A is shown in detail. Specifically, multiple adjacent stop devices 32 can be provided. The stop devices 32 are part of the screening device 9 and are therefore used for impact and / or support on the frame 4. In particular, the stop devices 32 impact other side walls 12 of the frame 4, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0166] The stop 32 is specifically able to be planarly supported on the other sidewall 12 via its lower side, wherein, in particular, relative movement between the stop 32 and the other sidewall 12 is also permitted when the opposing comb 7 pivots. The stop 32 may be specifically configured to optimally support and planarly abut against the other sidewall 12 in a manner corresponding to the contact surface of the other sidewall 12. Since the other sidewall 12 is configured to be curved at least in the contact area for the stop 32, it is particularly preferred that the stop 32 be configured to be at least partially curved or at least partially arcuate, bow-shaped, and / or plate-shaped. Figure 4A , Figure 5A and Figure 6A This also illustrates the point.

[0167] exist Figure 10 As shown, the stop device 32 is planarly attached to the other side wall 12 and also attached to the other side wall 12 by an arc angle or circumference range between 10° and 60°.

[0168] As explained above, the screening device 9 can be locked onto the locking device 13 as needed. This locking is schematically illustrated in... Figure 14 The first embodiment and in Figure 17 Another embodiment is shown. In use, the rotatability of the sieve device 9 and its relative movement relative to the opposing comb 7 can ultimately be ensured by arranging the sieve device 9 on the opposing comb 7 via the shaft 18. However, this movement is preferably limited so as to prevent the shaft 18 from dislodging from the hook-shaped section 19. For this purpose, at least one fixing device 27 can be used, which, in relation to one embodiment Figure 14 In and for another implementation Figure 17 It is shown in detail in the middle.

[0169] The fixing device 27 can be based on Figure 14 The embodiment shown specifically includes a fixing plate that can be embedded in the recess 28 of the support element 23 or the recess of another support element 25, such as... Figure 14 As shown.

[0170] Figure 14 As shown, at least one additional support element 25 has a recess 28 for inserting a fixing device 27 (particularly a fixing plate). In particular, multiple fixing devices 27 may be provided. Fixing devices 27 may be provided for all additional support elements 25 individually or only for some additional support elements. Simultaneously, some or all of the support elements 23 may be secured by the fixing devices 27.

[0171] The fixing device 27 ultimately achieves a force-fitting and / or form-fitting connection with the support element 23 or another support element 25, thereby locking the screen device 9 onto the locking device 13. The fixing device 27 is therefore also fixedly connected to the locking device 13, for example, in… Figure 14 As shown in the other accompanying drawings, a protrusion 29 is thus provided on the connecting plate 21 to interact with the fixing device 27. The fixing device 27 may therefore have, for example, a threaded pin that can be guided through the protrusion 29 and connected to the fixing plate. By moving the threaded pin relative to the protrusion 29, the fixing plate can be pushed into or pushed out of the recess 28 as needed.

[0172] In other embodiments, the fixing device 27 may be connected to the protrusion 29 or other devices on the connecting plate 21 as required by means of other form-fitting and / or force-fitting connections, such as by bolting.

[0173] To guide the movement of the fixing device 27, a guide rail 30 can be provided on the locking device 13, such as... Figure 15As shown in detail above, the guide rail 30 may have rails 31 arranged at least substantially parallel to each other. For example, threaded pins may be arranged between these rails 31, wherein the fixing plate of the fixing device 27 may be guided between the rails 31. The guide rail 30 can thus set the direction of movement of the fixing device 27 and ensure that the fixing device 27 can be embedded in the recess 28 of the support element 23 or the recess of another support element 25. This embedding is as described above in... Figure 14 As shown in the image.

[0174] exist Figure 17 In the illustrated embodiment, the fixing device 27 indirectly fixes the shaft 18 such that the shaft 18 is surrounded by the hook-shaped segment 19 and the fixing device 27 within the area of ​​the fixing device 27. Specifically, multiple fixing devices 27 may be provided, particularly connected to the hook-shaped segment 19 respectively. The fixing device 27 may partially surround and / or enclose the shaft 18 for fixing and / or securing its position. For this purpose, the fixing device 27 may particularly have at least two branches arranged at an angle to each other (particularly at least substantially right angles to each other), the branches enclosing the shaft 18. The fixing device 27 in... Figure 17 In the illustrated embodiment, the fastener 27 is detachably connected to the hook-shaped segment 19 by force and / or form fit, particularly by two bolts. The fastener 27 is not directly connected to the support element 23 and / or the connecting plate 21.

[0175] exist Figure 4A and Figure 4B In the embodiment shown, the stop device 32 and each support element 23 are constructed as a single unit. Therefore, the support element 23 can transition into the stop device 32.

[0176] In addition to this, the sieve device 9 may have an extension element 33 connected to the sieve element 17, for example... Figure 4B As shown in the diagram. The extension element 33 can be configured without mesh and specifically bridges across the gap to the other sidewall 12 and directly abuts against the other sidewall 12, as shown in the diagram. Figure 10 As shown. The extension element 33 thus enables the material to be re-delivered for crushing or, as needed, to be re-delivered to the screen surface, thereby ensuring that, as the screen device 9 moves relative to the other side wall 12, the screen surface can be provided below the crushing roller 5 and that the material is not undesirably stuck in the crushing chamber, for example, between the screen device 9 and the other side wall 12. For this purpose, the extension element 33 can be configured as a continuous, closed plate, such as... Figure 4A besides Figure 5A As shown.

[0177] exist Figure 5AIn the embodiment shown, the extension element 33 is configured to be at least substantially flat and is arranged on the longitudinal side of the screen element 17 opposite to the shaft 18.

[0178] The stop device 32 can be fixedly connected, particularly to the extension element 33 and / or the screen element 17, in a material fit, force fit, and / or form fit manner, such as... Figure 5A and Figure 6A As shown in the image.

[0179] exist Figure 19 As shown, the stop device 32 is guided through the screen element 17, wherein the screen element 17 has a recess and / or opening for the stop device 32. Figure 19 In the embodiment shown, the screen element 17 is connected to the stop device 32 in a replaceable or detachable manner by connecting the stop device 32 to the screen element 17 in a manner that is not material-fitted.

[0180] To ensure the spacing between the sieve device 9 and the crushing roller 5, spacer retainers 34 can be used. Figure 2 In use status and in Figures 4A to 6D The details are shown below. These spacing retainers 34 can be arranged on the screen element 17 and can ensure the spacing between the screen element 17 and the crushing roller 5. In particular, the spacing retainers 34 are at least substantially directly adjacent to the outer surface 2 of the crushing roller 5 in the installed state, and form a net distance of less than 5 cm (preferably less than 1 cm) from the crushing roller. In particular, two spacing retainers 34 spaced apart from each other can be provided, such as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0181] exist Figure 17 Another embodiment of the spacing retainer 34 is shown, which will be described below.

[0182] A stabilizing element 35 can be provided outside the shaft 18. Figures 4A to 6D The embodiment of the sieve device 9 shown is also illustrated. The stabilizing element 35 can be arranged adjacent to the shaft 18 and is particularly also constructed as the shaft 18, especially as a thick-walled tube.

[0183] The stabilizing element 35 can connect the support element 23 and / or other support elements 25 to each other. For connection with the stabilizing element 35, the support element 23 or other support element 25 can therefore also have a shaft hole, and the stabilizing element 35 can be arranged into the shaft hole at least substantially without clearance. The stabilizing element 35 is in particular not directly connected to the opposing comb 7, as... Figure 3As shown in the diagram. However, the stabilizing element 35 ensures additional stability of the screening device 9, especially when the force acting on the screening device 9 is high. For this purpose, the stabilizing element 35 can be connected to the support element 23 and / or to another support element 25 in a form-fit, force-fit and / or material-fit manner.

[0184] Not shown, the spacing retainer 34 can be omitted as needed or additionally formed by the stop device 32, in such a way that the stop device is shaped at one end such that when the sieve device 9 is lifted toward the crushing roller 5, the stop device 32 first collides with the outer surface 2 of the crushing roller 5 and prevents the crushing tool 3 from contacting the sieve device 8 or the sieve element 17. Alternatively or additionally, when the stabilizing element 35 or another element of the sieve device 9 is connected to the opposing comb 7 on the side of the opposing comb 7, it causes the sieve device 9 to be stopped when the sieve device is lifted due to the crushing force or when the lifting force acts on the sieve device. Stops at other locations (e.g., on the end side wall of the frame 4) are also possible.

[0185] For maintenance purposes, the opposing comb members 7 can be provided with pivotability. This is achieved through a pivotable cover plate 36, such as... Figure 11 As shown in the diagram. The cover plate 36 can also be referred to as a comb cover (Kammklappe). Opposing combs 7 and sieve devices 9 can be at least partially mounted on the cover plate 36. Here, the cover plate 36 can be arranged on the first sidewall 10 and the first sidewall 10 can be formed in other embodiments as needed.

[0186] Figure 1 As shown, the cover plate 36 can be actuated by a comb-shaped cover plate cylinder (Kammklappenzylinder) so that the cover plate 36 can be closed and the screen device 9 can be moved to its working position.

[0187] To remove the sieve device 9, the cover plate 36 can be opened, and the sieve device 9 can then be moved out of its working position. The sieve device 9 can then be removed from the crushing device 1 by an external lifting tool while the cover plate 36 is open.

[0188] To remove the sieve device 9, at least one mounting device 37 can be provided. Preferably, the sieve device 9 is removed before the cover plate 36 is opened from the opposing comb 7, particularly by removing the connecting device 22 between the locking device 13 and the opposing comb 7. The sieve device 9 can then be placed on the mounting device 37, particularly by the respective protruding sections of the shaft 18. Instead of the protruding sections of the shaft 18, mounting pins that interact with the mounting device 37 can also be provided. The mounting device 37 can thus be configured for opening and closing the cover plate 36. The mounting device 37 is, for example, in... Figure 12 It is shown schematically in the diagram. Figure 12As shown, the mounting device 37 is connected to the frame 4 and is provided as needed to accommodate or arrange the screen device 9, particularly by having a recess 38 for arranging the shaft 18 or, in another embodiment, the mounting device 37.

[0189] Specifically, two mounting devices are provided.

[0190] exist Figure 7 As schematically shown, the mounting device 37 may have an elongated hole for relative displacement on the opposing comb-like member 7. Therefore, for example, the mounting device 37 can be moved to [the desired position] before opening the cover plate 36. Figure 7 As shown in the diagram, the connecting device 22 or locking device 13 can then be removed from the opposing comb 7, and the sieve device 9 can then be placed in the recess 38 of the mounting device 37 via the protruding section of the shaft 18 or via a mounting pin, etc. The cover plate 36 can then be opened, and the sieve device 9 can be removed.

[0191] The same procedure can be followed when installing the sieve device 9. Therefore, the sieve device 9 can first be placed on the protruding mounting device 37, then the cover plate 36 is closed, re-establishing the connection between the opposing comb 7 and the sieve device 9. Specifically, the sieve device 9 can be supported by connecting the comb to the locking device 13 and allowing the locking device 13 to slowly approach and engage the shaft 18 via its hook-shaped section 19. Once this process is complete, the mounting device 37 can be moved back to the protruding position, although this position is not shown in detail in the drawings. In this protruding position, the mounting device 37 will not obstruct the grinding chamber. The relative displacement of the mounting device 37 can therefore be ensured by the corresponding connection to the frame 4 described at the beginning and by the elongated holes in the mounting device 37, as... Figure 7 As shown.

[0192] exist Figure 17 and Figure 18Another embodiment of the outward pivoting of the sieve device 9 is shown, wherein the sieve device 9 is connected to and supported on the opposing comb 7, such that the sieve device 9 can move together with the opposing comb 7 when the cover opening mechanism of the cover plate 36 is actuated, in particular without needing to be placed on the mounting device 37 beforehand or removed from the opposing comb 7 beforehand. In this embodiment, it can be specified that, in order to load the sieve device 9, the sieve device is placed on the open cover plate 36 by an external lifting tool (such as a wheel loader or crane) and then connected to the opposing comb 7. The cover plate 36 can be closed by actuating the comb cover cylinder of the cover plate 36, thereby moving the sieve device 9 to its working position. The closing of the cover plate 36 can particularly lock the sieve device 9 in its working position and fix the sieve device 9 relative to the forces during the crushing process. In this way, the locking elements on the opposing comb 7 described above, in particular the fixing device 27, can be eliminated or designed differently. To open cover 36, the sieve device 9 is pulled out of its working position, allowing it to be removed from the crushing unit 1 using an external lifting tool. This method specifically avoids the need for installers or users to enter the dirty crushing chamber and install the sieve device 9 within it. This work can now be performed ergonomically outside the crushing chamber. Furthermore, the sieve device 9 can be installed and removed using a working actuator (comb-shaped cover cylinder) from the crushing unit 1. In this embodiment, the mounting device 37 is specifically no longer required.

[0193] Figure 17 The closed state of cover 36 is shown, while Figure 18 The open state of cover 36 is shown.

[0194] Figure 17 As shown, at least one support rail 46 is provided on the frame 4 (i.e., on the end wall portion 47 of the frame 4 in the illustrated embodiment). In particular, support rails 46 are provided on two opposing cross-sectional wall portions 47. In other embodiments, one support rail 46 is sufficient.

[0195] Figure 17 and Figure 18 It is shown that the screen device 9 can be guided and / or supported along the support rail 46 when the cover plate 36 is opened and / or closed. The support rail 46 specifically defines the movement of the screen device 9 when the cover plate 36 is actuated. Advantageously, neither the fixing device 27, nor the locking device 13, nor the connecting device 22 need to be removed to actuate the cover plate 36. The fixing device 27... Figure 18 The figure is not shown because it is a cross-section of the location where the fixing device 27 is not shown.

[0196] The fixing device 27 specifically and directly fixes the shaft 18, and the fixing device 27 also ensures that the shaft 18 can rotate in a fixed state, thereby enabling... Figure 18 The screen device 9 is pivoted relative to the opposing comb member even before the fixed device 27 is installed. This is achieved through... Figure 14 The fixing device 27 shown is in particular impossible to implement.

[0197] Figure 17 It is also shown that the support rail 46 has an upper limit rail 48 facing the crushing roller 5 and a lower limit rail 49 opposite to the upper limit rail 48. The upper limit rail 48 may have an upward sliding ramp at its front end, which optimizes the movement of the screening device 9.

[0198] The upper limit rail 48 specifically and additionally (at least functionally) functions as or is configured as a spacing retainer 34. An additional separate spacing retainer 35, which must be connected to the screen element 17, may be omitted in the embodiment, making... Figure 19 The sieve device 9 shown also does not have this spacing retainer 34.

[0199] Figure 19 A variant of the sieving device 9 is shown, which can be specifically used in... Figure 17 and Figure 18 When the cover plate 36 shown in the example is actuated, the sieve device 9 can pivot outward together with the opposing comb 7.

[0200] Figure 19 As shown, the screening device 9 has a support device 50, which is specifically configured to interact with the support rail 46, such as... Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown in the diagram. The support device 50 is part of the screening device 50 and is specifically fixedly connected to the stop device 32. The support device 50 (and the screening device 9) is guided between the upper limit rail 48 and the lower limit rail 49, i.e., guided when the cover plate 36 is opened and closed.

[0201] Figure 19 As shown, the support device 50 protrudes from the screen element 17 at the end side.

[0202] In other embodiments, the sieve element 17 may have a corresponding recess in the region of the support device 50, at least in the region of the support device 50 that interacts with the support rail 46 (particularly the end side section of the support device 50), thereby enabling the support device 50 to be embedded in the support rail 46.

[0203] Figure 17 and Figure 18As shown, when the cover plate 36 is open and / or closed, the support device 50 is placed on and supported on the lower limit rail 49. This can also be configured in the operation of the crushing device 1, thereby achieving further load reduction.

[0204] The previously described function of the spacing retainer 34 can be achieved by the support device 50 colliding with the upper limit rail 48 in the use state, wherein the spacing retainer 34 is functionally achieved by the collision between the upper limit rail 48 and the support device 50.

[0205] Figure 19 As shown, the support device 50 is configured to interconnect with the stop device 32, and is particularly configured as a shaft. Here, the support device 50 can be guided through a hole in the stop device 32, and is arranged therein, in particular, in a manner that is at least substantially without clearance. In this way, the support device 50 can be connected to the stop device 32 in a form-fit and / or force-fit manner. The support device 50 can also perform a "dual function" when using the replaceable screen element 17, in addition to interacting with at least one support rail 46, it also holds the screen element 17 by fixing it to the stop device 32, which is directly connected to the support element 23.

[0206] Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a crushing device 1 having a sieve device 9, a crushing roller 5 and opposing comb-shaped members 7, wherein the sieve device 9 is connected to the opposing comb-shaped members 7 by a locking device 13 in a force-fit and / or shape-fit manner.

[0207] The aforementioned design schemes can be referred to for this embodiment of the crushing device 1, and they are equally applicable to this embodiment. In this embodiment, it is therefore not necessary for the screening device 9 to be supported on the frame 4. However, this embodiment is not shown in the accompanying drawings. The drawings consistently show support on the frame 4. This embodiment is also part of the present invention.

[0208] In this embodiment, the crushing roller 5 has a crushing tool 3 on its outer surface 2. The crushing roller 5 is rotatably mounted on the frame 4.

[0209] Furthermore, the crushing device 1 includes opposing comb-shaped members 7, which include opposing crushing tools 6, which interact with the crushing tools 3 to crush the target material. Additionally, a sieve device 9 for screening the crushed target material can be arranged below the crushing roller 5. The sieve device 9 has multiple (particularly closed-bound) sieve openings 8 and continuous (particularly integral) sieve elements 17 having the sieve openings 8.

[0210] As mentioned above, in this embodiment, the opposing comb 7 is also pivotally mounted on the frame 4, particularly on the first side wall 10 of the frame 4, and can be adjusted in the direction of the crushing roller 5 by means of the adjusting device 11.

[0211] Locking device 13 is used to mount screen device 9, which connects screen device 9 to opposing comb member 7 in a force-fit and / or form-fit manner. For this purpose, screen device 9 has a shaft 18 through which screen device 9 is hung on locking device 13. Specifically, locking device 13 may have multiple hook-shaped sections 19 for gripping and supporting shaft 18 from behind. The hook-shaped sections 19 may particularly have mounting openings allowing shaft 18 to enter from the outside.

[0212] For other preferred embodiments of the pulverizing device 1, see the foregoing description, which can be applied equally to this embodiment.

[0213] To better discharge the pulverized target material, a guiding device 39 can be provided on the opposing comb-shaped member 7, which... Figure 16 The details are shown in the diagram. The guide device 39 itself is... Figure 16 The diagram is shown in three-dimensional form. The guide device 39 can be positioned below the opposing crushing tool 6, as shown below. Figure 16 As shown. The guide device 39 can also be arranged or mounted facing the screen element 17 and located on the comb-shaped plate 16, on which the opposing crushing tool 6 can also be arranged.

[0214] The guide device 39 can be used to discharge the crushed target material and is specifically used to discharge the crushed target material onto the screen element 17.

[0215] Therefore, the guide device 39 can have an optimized shape.

[0216] The opposing crushing tool 6 can be connected to the comb-shaped slats 16 via the support body 44, or each opposing crushing tool 6 can be arranged on the support body 44 connected to the opposing comb 7 and / or the comb-shaped slats 16 of the opposing comb 7, such as... Figure 2 See details below.

[0217] The guide device 39 can be arranged such that it is interrupted by the support 44 and has corresponding openings for this purpose, such as Figure 16 As shown.

[0218] The guide device 39 may extend substantially in the direction of the rotation axis of the crushing roller 5 or in the longitudinal direction of the opposing comb 7. In particular, the guide device 39 may extend at least substantially over the entire length of the crushing roller 5 and / or over the entire length of the opposing comb 7. However, the guide device 39 may also extend only over a segment of the length of the crushing roller 5 or the opposing comb 7, which is not shown in detail but may be specified in other embodiments.

[0219] The guide device 39 may have at least one stop wall portion 40 arranged between two adjacent opposing crushing tools 6, such as Figure 16 As shown. Figure 16 It is also shown that multiple stop wall portions 40 are provided.

[0220] Specifically, a stop wall 40 can be arranged between each of two adjacent opposing crushing tools 6. The stop wall 40 can be arranged directly below the opposing crushing tool 6. Specifically, the opposing crushing tool 6 protrudes beyond or extends beyond the stop wall 40. The length of the stop wall 40 can therefore be shorter than the length of the adjacent opposing crushing tool 6. The length of the stop wall 40 can specifically be a length extending parallel to the length of the opposing crushing tool 6.

[0221] exist Figure 16 As shown, the stop wall portion 40 has a first section 41 arranged on the opposing comb-shaped member 7. A second section 42 can be connected to the first section 41. An angle can be provided between the first section 21 and the second section 22, which can be between 100° and 170°, particularly between 135° and 150°, such as... Figure 16 As shown in the image.

[0222] The guide device 39 may also have a third section 43 connected to the second section 42 of the stop wall portion 40, such as Figure 16 As shown in detail below. Here, the third segment 43 can be arranged on multiple second segments 42, as follows. Figure 16 As shown in the diagram. An angle can be provided between the second segment 42 or at least one second segment 42 and the third segment 43, the angle being at... Figure 16 In the illustrated embodiment, the angle can be between 85° and 95°. By arranging the sections 42 and 43 of the guide device 39 at an angle to each other, optimal discharge of the pulverized target material to the screen element 17 can be achieved. Therefore, the target material that comes into contact with the first section 41 or the second section 42 can be optimally discharged to the screen element 17 by the inclined orientation of the sections 41 and 41. In particular, the target material will not come into contact with the third section 43, which is specifically designed to prevent pulverized material from seeping into the mounting area of ​​the opposing pulverizing tool 6.

[0223] Figure 16It is also shown that the angles between the first segment 41 and the second segment 42, and between the second segment 42 and the third segment 43, are specifically constructed as rounded corners. In the context, angles α and γ are specifically based on the straight and unrounded segments of the corresponding segments 41, 42, and 43.

[0224] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1: Crushing device 2: Outer surface 3: Shredding tools 4: Rack 5: Crushing roller 6: Opposing crushing tool 7: Opposite comb-shaped components 8: Sieve 9: Screening device 10: First sidewall 11: Adjustment device 12: Other sidewalls 13: Locking device 14: Pivot axis 15: Pivot Section 16: Comb-shaped strips 17: Screen element 18: Axis 19: Hook-shaped segment 20:19 Installation opening 21: Connecting plate 22: Connecting devices 23: Supporting elements 24:17 width 25: Additional support elements 26:17 longitudinal edge 27: Fixing components 28: concave area 29: Protruding part 30: Guide rail 31: Rails 32: Stopping device 33: Extension element 34: Spacing retainer 35: Stabilizing element 36: Cover plate 37: Mounting components Mounting recess at 38:37 39: Guiding device 40: Stopping wall section 41: Part One 42: Part Two 43: Third Section 44: Support body 45: Screen extension element 46: Support rail 47: End face wall portion 48: Upper limit rail 49: Lower limit rail 50: Supporting components 51: Screen element connecting device α: Angle between 41 and 42 γ: Angle.

Claims

1. A crushing apparatus, said crushing apparatus (1) being configured to crush a target material and having: - A crushing roller (5), which has crushing tools (3) on its outer surface (2) and is rotatably mounted on a frame (4). - Opposing comb (7), the opposing comb having opposing crushing tools (6) and for interacting with the crushing tools (3) to crush the target material, and - A sieving device (9), which is arranged below the crushing roller (5) and has a plurality of sieve holes (8), is used to sieve the crushed target material. in, The opposing comb-shaped members (7) are pivotally mounted on the frame (4) and can be adjusted in the direction of the crushing roller (5) by means of an adjusting device (11). In particular, the opposing comb-shaped members are pivotally mounted on the first side wall (10) of the frame (4). The sieve device (9) is mounted on the opposing comb-shaped member (7), and The sieve device (9) is supported on the frame (4) at least under overload conditions. In particular, the sieve device is supported on another side wall (12) of the frame (4) opposite to the first side wall (10) at least under overload conditions. In particular, the sieve device (9) collides with the frame at least under overload conditions.

2. The pulverizing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve device (9) is connected to the opposing comb (7) by a locking device (13), wherein, in particular, the locking device (13) is connected to the opposing comb (7) in a force-fit and / or shape-fit manner.

3. The pulverizing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The opposing comb (7) has a pivot section (15) and comb slats (16), the pivot section being pivotally mounted on the frame (4) via a pivot shaft (14), the comb slats being connected to the pivot section (15), protruding from the pivot section (15) and having the opposing crushing tools (6), wherein, in particular, the adjusting device (11) is engaged and / or arranged on the back side of the pivot section (15) opposite to the crushing roller (5), and / or, in particular, the opposing crushing tools (6) are spaced apart such that the crushing tools (3) can be guided through the gap formed between the two opposing crushing tools (6) to crush the target material.

4. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The sieve device (9) has continuous sieve elements (17) having sieve holes (8). In particular, the sieve elements are integral, wherein, in particular, the sieve elements (17) are configured to be curved, preferably, the sieve elements are configured to conform to the outer envelope curve of the crushing roller (5), and / or, in particular, the sieve elements (17) at least partially surround and / or enclose the crushing roller (5), and / or, in particular, the sieve holes (8) and / or at least one sieve hole (8) are configured to have closed boundaries, in particular, the sieve holes and / or at least one sieve hole are configured to be rectangular, hexagonal and / or strip-shaped.

5. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The sieve device (9) is suspended on the locking device (13) by a shaft (18), wherein, in particular, the locking device (13) has a plurality of hook-shaped segments (19) for gripping and supporting the shaft (18) from the rear, wherein, preferably, each of the hook-shaped segments (19) has an installation opening (20) that allows the shaft (18) to enter from the outside.

6. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The hook-shaped segment (19) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (21), wherein, in particular, the connecting plate (21) is configured to be integral with the hook-shaped segment (19) and / or connected to the hook-shaped segment in a material fit, shape fit and / or force fit manner, and / or, in particular, the connecting plate (21) extends over at least 50% of the length of the sieve element (23), in particular, the connecting plate extends between 60% and 100% of the length of the sieve element, more preferably, the connecting plate extends over at least 70% of the length of the sieve element.

7. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The locking device (18) is connected to the lower side of the pivot section (15) facing the ground and / or facing the screen device (9) by a plurality of connecting devices (22) in a force-fit and / or shape-fit manner. In particular, the connecting plate (21) is connected to the lower side of the pivot section facing the ground and / or facing the screen device by a plurality of connecting devices in a force-fit and / or shape-fit manner. In particular, the connection is made by a threaded connection.

8. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The sieve element (17) is connected to and / or supported on at least one support element (23) arranged away from the crushing roller (5), particularly, the support element (23) is located below the sieve element (17), wherein, particularly, a plurality of support elements (23) are provided spaced apart from each other, and / or, particularly, the support element (23) extends at least partially over the width (24) of the sieve element (17), preferably over at least 30% of the width (24) of the sieve element (17), particularly The support element extends over at least 50% of the width (24) of the screen element (17), and more preferably, the support element rests directly against the screen element (17) from below over the entire length (24) of the support element (23), and / or, in particular, the support element (23) is connected to the screen element (17) in a material-fit manner, in particular, the support element is connected to the screen element by welding, and / or, in particular, the support element (23) connects the screen element (17) to the shaft (18).

9. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The screening device (9) has at least one stop (32) for impacting and / or supporting on the frame (4). In particular, the stop is integral and is used for impacting and / or supporting on the other sidewall (12) of the frame (4) opposite to the first sidewall (10). In particular, a plurality of stop (32) spaced apart from each other are provided, and / or, in particular, the stop (32) is configured to be at least partially curved, and / or, in particular, the stop (32) is configured to be arc-shaped, bow-shaped and / or plate-shaped and / or configured to correspond to the mating surface of the other sidewall (12), the stop (32) impacting and / or supporting on the mating surface.

10. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The stop device (32) is planarly abutted against the other sidewall (12) and / or abutted over an arc angle and / or circumference range of at least 5° to 80°, preferably abutting over an arc angle and / or circumference range of 10° to 60°.

11. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one additional support element (25) of the sieve device (9) is configured to connect the shaft (18) to the sieve element (17), wherein, in particular, the additional support element (25) is arranged only on the upper longitudinal edge (26) of the sieve element (9) away from the stop device (32) and / or only engages with and / or abuts against the upper longitudinal edge (26).

12. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The shaft (18) is guided through the shaft opening of the support element (23) and / or the shaft opening of the other support element (25), wherein, in particular, the shaft (18) is connected to the support element (23) and / or the other support element (25) in a form-fitting manner, and / or, in particular, the shaft (18) protrudes relative to the outermost support element (23) and / or the outermost other support element (25), respectively.

13. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The locking device (13) has at least one fixing device (27) for fixing and / or locking the shaft (18) at least indirectly.

14. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The fixing device (27) interacts with at least one support element (23) and / or at least one additional support element (25) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, and / or at least one support element (23) and / or at least one additional support element (25) has a recess (28) for engaging the fixing device (27), wherein, in particular, the fixing device (27) has a fixing plate and / or a threaded pin, and / or, in particular, the fixing device (27) is connected to the connecting plate (22) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, wherein, preferably, for securing the fixing device (27), a protrusion (29) protrudes from the connecting plate (21), wherein, more preferably, the fixing device (27) is capable of being connected to the protrusion (29) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, in particular, the fixing device is capable of being connected to the protrusion by a bolt connection.

15. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The fixing device (27) directly fixes the shaft (18), and / or the fixing device (27) at least partially surrounds and / or encloses the shaft (18) for fixing and / or retention, wherein, in particular, the fixing device is detachably and form-fittingly and / or force-fittingly connected to the hook-shaped section (19), and in particular, the fixing device is detachably connected to the hook-shaped section via a threaded connector.

16. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one guide rail (30) for guiding the fixing device (27) is provided on the lower side of the connecting plate (21) facing the sieve device (9), wherein, in particular, the guide rail (30) has two rails (31) arranged at least substantially parallel to each other.

17. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Each stop device (32) and each support element (23, 25) are constructed as a single unit as a common component.

18. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The sieve device (9) has an extension element (33) connected to the sieve element (17), wherein, in particular, the extension element (33) has no sieve holes (8) and / or is configured as a continuous, closed plate and / or is configured to be at least substantially flat, and / or, in particular, the extension element (33) is arranged on a longitudinal side opposite to the shaft (18).

19. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The stop device (32) is connected to the extension element (33). In particular, the stop device is connected to the extension element in a material fit, force fit and / or shape fit manner.

20. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one spacing retainer (34) of the sieve device (9) is configured to ensure the spacing between the sieve element (17) and the crushing roller (5), wherein, in particular, the spacing retainer (34) is at least substantially directly adjacent to the outer surface (2) of the crushing roller (5).

21. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, Adjacent to the shaft (18) is at least one stabilizing element (35) that connects the support element (23) and / or the other support element (25). In particular, the stabilizing element connects only the support element and / or the other support element. In particular, the stabilizing element is configured as a shaft and / or a tube. In particular, the stabilizing element (35) is not directly connected to the opposing comb (7).

22. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The frame (4) has a pivotable cover plate (36), wherein the opposing comb (7) and the sieve device (9) are at least partially mounted on the cover plate (36), and / or, in particular, the cover plate (36) is arranged on and / or forms the first sidewall (10).

23. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one mounting device (37) is provided for opening and / or closing the cover plate (36) for the sieve device (9), wherein the mounting device (37) is connected to the frame (4) and is provided for receiving and / or arranging the sieve device (9), wherein, in particular, two mounting devices (37) are provided corresponding to the opposing end sides of the opposing comb (7), the two mounting devices having a shaft (18) for accommodating the sieve device (9) and / or a recess (38) for accommodating a mounting pin arranged on the sieve device (9), in particular, the recess is used to accommodate the sections of the shaft (18) protruding relative to the outermost support element (23) and / or the outermost additional support element (25).

24. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, At least one support rail (46) is provided on the frame (4), and in particular, at least one support rail (46) is provided on the end wall portion (47) of the frame (4), which can guide and / or support the sieve device (9) along the support rail when the cover plate (36) is opened and / or closed. In particular, the support rail (46) has an upper limit rail (48) facing the crushing roller (5) and a lower limit rail (49) opposite to the upper limit rail (48). In particular, the upper limit rail (48) is additionally configured as a spacing retainer (34).

25. The pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, When the cover (36) is opened and / or closed, the sieve device (9) is guided between the upper limit rail (48) and the lower limit rail (49) by a support device (50). In particular, the support device protrudes from the sieve element (17) at its end. In particular, the support device (50) is placed on and / or supported on the lower limit rail (49) when the cover (36) is opened and / or closed. And / or, in particular, the support device (50) is configured to connect the stop devices (32) to each other. In particular, the support device is configured as a shaft. Preferably, the support device (50) is guided through the opening of the stop device (32) and is connected to the stop device (32) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner.

26. A pulverizing apparatus (1), particularly a pulverizing apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims, the pulverizing apparatus being used to pulverize a target material and having: - A crushing roller (5), which has crushing tools (3) on its outer surface (2) and is rotatably mounted on a frame (4). - Opposing comb (7), the opposing comb having opposing crushing tools (6) and for interacting with the crushing tools (3) to crush the target material, and - A sieving device (9), which is arranged below the crushing roller (5) and is used to sieve the crushed target material, the sieving device having continuous sieve elements (17) having a plurality of sieve openings (8), in particular, the sieve elements are integral, and in particular, the sieve openings are closed in boundary. in, The opposing comb-shaped members (7) are pivotally mounted on the frame (4) and can be adjusted in the direction of the crushing roller (5) by means of an adjusting device (11). In particular, the opposing comb-shaped members (7) are pivotally mounted on the first side wall (10) of the frame (4). The sieve device (9) is mounted on the opposing comb-shaped member (7). The sieve device (9) is connected to the opposing comb-shaped member (7) by means of force and / or shape engagement via a locking device (13). The sieve device (9) is suspended on the locking device (13) via a shaft (18), wherein, in particular, the locking device (13) has a plurality of hook-shaped segments (19) for gripping and supporting the shaft (18) from the rear, wherein, preferably, each of the hook-shaped segments (19) has an installation opening (20) for the shaft (18) to enter from the outside.

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