Apparatus for producing glass, glass ceramic and / or glass ceramic material

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing glass, glass ceramic and / or glass ceramic material, comprising a feeding device for feeding flakes having a viscosity of between 0.01 Pa s and 100 Pa s to a forming device, the forming device comprising at least one movable, in particular rotatable outflow surface, and wherein the speed, in particular the tangential speed, of the movable, in particular rotatable outflow surface corresponds to more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, in particular more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, of the speed of the sheet fed in the impact region of the sheet on the movable, in particular rotatable outflow surface, and 200% or less, preferably 175% or less, especially 150% or less, preferably 125% or less, especially 120% or less, preferably 110% or less, especially 105% or less, preferably 101% or less. As a result, a stable sheet made of dilute liquid glass can be provided. To this end, the described minimum throughput is applicable.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to an apparatus for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material, comprising a supply device for supplying a sheet of glass melt to a forming device, wherein the forming device comprises at least one movable, in particular rotatable, outflow face. The forming device can be followed by a drawing device.

[0002] The present application also relates to a method for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material.

[0003] The present application furthermore relates to a glass product made of a substrate comprising glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material. BACKGROUND

[0004] Glass is in particular made from a glass melt. The term glass generally includes glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material here.

[0005] From WO 2021 / 221910 A1 an apparatus and a method for manufacturing low viscosity glass sheets having a liquidus viscosity of less than 5 kP are known. The method comprises forming a glass ribbon made of glass having a liquidus viscosity < 5 kP and flowing the glass ribbon onto a surface of a molten metal bath in a trough. The trough has a length of less than 500 cm. The glass ribbon flows in a downward direction from a first end to a second end of the trough across the length of the trough such that the glass ribbon reaches its equilibrium thickness at the second end and the viscosity of the glass ribbon at the second end is at least 100 kP. The molten glass ribbon is then fed to a cooling roll. The cooling roll extracts heat from the glass ribbon thereby cooling it.

[0006] It is disadvantageous that at low liquidus viscosities the glass ribbon tends to split into single strands / strands which leads to high costs and time-consuming glass manufacturing. SUMMARY

[0007] It is therefore an object of the present application to provide an apparatus for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material, a method for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material and a glass product which are simply and cost-effectively manufacturable or manufactured, in particular enable stable sheeting at high throughput, in particular for glasses having a low liquidus viscosity.

[0008] It is therefore a further object of the present application to provide an alternative apparatus for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material, an alternative method for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material and an alternative glass product.

[0009] In one embodiment, the present application solves the above-mentioned object by an apparatus for manufacturing a glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material, comprising a supply device for supplying a sheet with a viscosity of between 0.01 Pa s and 100 Pa s to a forming device, wherein the forming device comprises at least one movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face, and wherein the speed, in particular tangential speed, of the movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face corresponds to more than 90 %, preferably more than 95 %, in particular more than 98 %, preferably more than 99 %, and to less than 200 %, preferably less than 175 %, in particular less than 150 %, preferably less than 125 %, in particular less than 120 %, preferably less than 110 %, in particular less than 105 %, preferably less than 101 % of the speed, in particular tangential speed, of the supplied sheet within an impact area of the sheet on the movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face.

[0010] In one embodiment, the present application solves the above-mentioned task by a method for manufacturing a glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material, comprising the following steps: - providing a sheet with a viscosity of between 0.01 Pa s and 100 Pa s by a supply device, - supplying the provided sheet to at least one movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face of a forming device by means of the supply device, - providing a speed of the supplied sheet and a speed, in particular tangential speed, of the movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face relative to the speed of the sheet within an impact area of the sheet on the run-off face, such that the speed, in particular tangential speed, of the movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face corresponds to more than 90 %, preferably more than 95 %, in particular more than 98 %, preferably more than 99 %, and to less than 200 %, preferably less than 175 %, in particular less than 150 %, preferably less than 125 %, in particular less than 120 %, preferably less than 110 %, in particular less than 105 %, preferably less than 101 % of the speed, in particular tangential speed, of the supplied sheet within an impact area of the sheet on the movable, in particular rotatable, run-off face.

[0011] In one embodiment, the present application solves the above-mentioned object by a glass product manufactured from a glass melt comprising a glass, glass-ceramic and / or glass-ceramic material, in particular using an apparatus according to one of the apparatus claims and / or using a method according to one of the method claims, wherein the glass product has at least one, preferably a plurality, in particular all, of the following properties: - a roughness Rz on at least one side of the glass product aThe roughness is 0.1 nm or more, especially 1 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, especially 100 nm or more, and less than 200 µm, preferably less than 100 µm, especially less than 50 µm, preferably less than 30 µm, especially less than 25 µm, preferably less than 20 µm, wherein the roughness is based on 50 x 50 µm of the glass product. 2 Above, preferably 100 x 100 µm 2 Above, especially 200 x 200 µm 2 Above, preferably 250 x 250 µm 2 Above, especially 500 x 500 µm 2 Above, preferably 750 x 750 µm 2 The above, preferably in 900 x 900 µm 2 and 1000 x 1000 µm 2 Between and less than 1000 x 1000 µm 2 The area is given; - The liquidus viscosity is 100 Pa·s or less, and the crystal growth rate is 0.4 µm / min or more, preferably 0.5 µm / min or more, especially 1.0 µm / min or more, especially 2.5 µm / min or more, preferably 3.0 µm / min or more, especially 4.0 µm / min or more, especially 4.5 µm / min or more and / or 10.0 µm / min or less, preferably 7.5 µm / min or less, especially 5.0 µm / min or less; - At least one side of the glass product is flame polished.

[0012] In one embodiment, the present invention achieves the above-mentioned objective by using the glass product according to the use claims as a cover glass or optical element in an augmented reality device.

[0013] A glass product can be manufactured using the apparatus according to one of the apparatus claims and / or the method according to one of the method claims.

[0014] Augmented reality devices may include, for example, augmented reality glasses.

[0015] The term "glass" should be understood in the broadest sense, and in particular in the claims, and preferably in the specification, includes glass, glass ceramics and / or glass ceramic materials.

[0016] The term "sheet" should be understood in the broadest sense, and particularly in the claims, and preferably in the specification, refers to a glass ribbon and / or glass layer formed when molten glass comes into contact with components of an apparatus for further processing into sheets. Here, the sheet should preferably remain intact and not tear, which is particularly challenging for glasses with low liquidus viscosity. Therefore, the sheet in the sense of the invention is particularly understood as hot glass, which is especially supplied to the melting device of a forming apparatus. Here, the sheet specifically refers to the region of glass material from the point of exiting the supply device up to the impact zone.

[0017] Subsequently, the glass and / or the material being processed is referred to as the substrate.

[0018] One advantage of this invention is that it enables the production of stable sheets at very low glass ribbon viscosities, which allows for the manufacture of low-cost glass products. Another advantage is that it enables the efficient manufacture or forming of low-viscosity glass.

[0019] Other features, advantages and other embodiments of the invention will be described below or disclosed therein.

[0020] According to a favorable improvement, the feeding device and the forming device are configured to depend on the Onezoglu number. Provide thin sheets according to the formula minimum throughput ,in Here, B is the density of the sheet, B is the width of the sheet, D is the thickness of the sheet, η is the viscosity of the sheet, and γ is the surface tension, with parameters a and b ≥ 0. The advantage is that it can provide a minimum throughput for stable sheets of various glass compositions, especially those with low viscosity at the supply temperature, in a particularly reliable manner. In principle, the higher the throughput, the more stable the sheet. However, high throughput makes substrate processing difficult. Therefore, the minimum throughput provided here is a favorable compromise, providing a stable sheet on the one hand, and achieving a reasonably manageable throughput on the other.

[0021] Within the scope of this specification and the claims, it is generally applicable that B and D are measured at the location where the glass and / or glass-ceramic material exits the supply device, particularly immediately after exiting the nozzle, or in other words, at the beginning of the sheet.

[0022] According to another advantageous improvement, parameter a has a value between 5 and 500, preferably between 70 and 500, preferably between 100 and 400, preferably between 200 and 250, and especially between 230, and parameter b has a value between 0 and 200, preferably between 25 and 200, preferably between 25 and 100, preferably between 50 and 90, and especially between 83. Its advantage is that it can provide accurate data on minimum throughput.

[0023] According to another advantageous improvement, the molding apparatus is configured such that the substrate has 10 when leaving the outflow surface. 2 Pa·s and above, especially 10 Pa·s 4 Pa·s or higher, preferably 10 5 Viscosities above Pa·s, especially from 10 Pa·s 2 Pa·s to 10 8 Pa·s or from 10 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Pa·s. The advantage is that it ensures sufficient processability of the glass ribbon after passing through the substrate. Another advantage is that the glass passes quickly through the crystallization region, thereby minimizing or preventing crystal growth, while the glass remains sufficiently formable to be turned and / or deformed. The described scope includes: setting the thickness, particularly of the substrate, by means of a forming device, or providing a drawing device after leaving the outlet surface, by means of which the glass thickness is at least proportionally set.

[0024] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the outflow surface is constructed in the form of a rotatable roller and / or a movable conveyor belt and / or a movable chain. The advantage is that the outflow surface can be provided simply and at low cost.

[0025] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the substrate is wound around at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, especially at least 5%, preferably more than 10%, and less than 75%, preferably less than 40%, especially less than 25%, relative to the total circumference of the rotatable outflow surface. The advantage is that a greater impact on the substrate can be provided by means of the rotatable outflow surface, for example, in the form of cooling.

[0026] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the supply device has a slit-shaped nozzle having a maximum width between 0.05 m and 4 m, particularly between 0.25 m and 1 m, preferably between 0.3 m and 0.4 m, a maximum depth between 1 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 25 mm, and a slit width between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm. The advantage is that it can provide sufficient throughput while providing a particularly stable sheet.

[0027] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, a temperature control device is arranged for temperature regulation of at least the molding apparatus, particularly for cooling. The advantage is that the substrate can be supplied with exceptional reliability. Surface temperature regulation is especially advantageous for controlling adhesive residues and deposits on the outflow surface.

[0028] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the forming apparatus is configured to provide a contact time between the substrate and the outflow surface of 0.01 s or more, particularly 0.02 s or more, preferably 0.1 s or more, particularly 0.5 s or more, and 10 s or less, preferably 5 s or less, particularly 2 s or less. One advantage achieved by this is that, for example, the temperature of the forming apparatus can be adjusted according to the type of glass used and its crystallization behavior.

[0029] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the feeding device and the forming device are configured such that, depending on the number of Onezog, Provide the thin sheet according to the formula (see above). The minimum throughput, of which η is the density of the sheet, B is the width of the sheet, D is the thickness of the sheet, η is the viscosity of the sheet, γ is the surface tension of the sheet, and parameters a and b ≥ 0. The advantage is that it can provide minimum throughput for a wide variety of different glass materials in a particularly reliable manner.

[0030] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, parameter a is selected as an amount between 5 and 500, preferably between 70 and 500, preferably between 100 and 400, preferably between 200 and 250, and especially 230, and parameter b is selected as an amount between 0 and 200, preferably between 25 and 200, preferably between 25 and 100, preferably between 50 and 90, and especially 83. The advantage is that accurate data on minimum throughput can be provided.

[0031] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the substrate is wound around the rotatable outflow surface for at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, especially at least 5%, preferably more than 10%, and less than 75%, preferably less than 40%, especially less than 25%, relative to the total circumference of the rotatable outflow surface. The advantage is that a greater impact on the substrate can be provided by means of the rotatable outflow surface, for example, in the form of cooling.

[0032] According to another advantageous improvement, the contact time between the substrate and the outflow surface is selected to be 0.01 s or more, particularly 0.02 s or more, preferably 0.1 s or more, particularly 0.5 s or more, and 10 s or less, preferably 5 s or less, particularly 2 s or less. One advantage achieved by this is that, for example, the temperature of the forming apparatus can be adjusted according to the type of glass used and its crystallization behavior.

[0033] According to another advantageous improvement of the invention, the surface of the impact sheet is flame-polished, especially because the sheet is sufficiently hot and has low viscosity. The advantage is that this can provide a particularly low surface roughness of the resulting glass product. For example, this can provide a roughness R0 on at least one side of the glass product. a The roughness is 0.1 nm or more, especially 1 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, especially 100 nm or more, and less than 200 µm, preferably less than 100 µm, especially less than 50 µm, preferably less than 30 µm, especially less than 25 µm, preferably less than 20 µm, wherein the roughness is based on a glass product of 50 x 50 µm. 2 Above, preferably 100 x 100 µm 2 Above, especially 200 x 200 µm 2 Above, preferably 250 x 250 µm 2 Above, especially 500 x 500 µm 2 Above, preferably 750 x 750 µm 2 The above, preferably in 900 x 900 µm 2 and 1000 x 1000 µm 2 Between and less than 1000 x 1000 µm 2 The area is given.

[0034] According to another advantageous improvement, at least one side of the glass product is flame-polished. Its advantage is that it can provide exceptionally high-quality glass products with low surface roughness.

[0035] Particularly advantageously, the process is performed such that the substrate is fed into and / or subjected to a drawing process after contact with the forming tool. This has the advantage that the thickness of the glass substrate is ultimately set during the drawing process. In essence, the initial setting is done by the forming tool, and the fine setting is done by the drawing process. It has been shown that particularly good process stability can be achieved here, because the fine setting of the thickness can be achieved independently of or without the reaction of optimal sheet setting. Thicknesses from 10 µm to 3 mm are advantageously obtained, especially 30 µm to 3 mm or 100 µm to 1 mm.

[0036] In addition to the conditions and / or parameters described above for supplying the sheet to the forming apparatus, it is particularly advantageous to configure the process guide so that the substrate meets one or more of the following conditions when leaving the forming apparatus: The relaxation time used to relieve internal stress is set to prevent substrate warping and / or breakage. This is typically achieved by selecting a short relaxation time.

[0037] - The substrate viscosity must be low enough to compensate for the curvature of the forming tool; that is, the substrate should be advantageously planarizable or stretched after forming. Substrate stretching can be associated with a reduction in thickness. For such stretching, rollers in contact with the glass are advantageous. These rollers can contact the glass before further cooling or only in a solid state, i.e., particularly advantageously at >10... 7 Pa·s or >10 12 (within the viscosity range of Pa·s).

[0038] - Particularly advantageously, the viscosity of the substrate at the point of exiting the flow surface is 10. 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Within the range of Pa·s, especially 10 2 Pa·s to 10 4 Pa·s, particularly advantageous in 10 3 Pa·s to 10 4 Within the range of Pa·s. This makes it particularly possible to achieve double-sided flame-polished surfaces and / or flattened molding and / or stretching accompanied by further thickness reduction.

[0039] To assist in the removal of the substrate from the molding tool, fluid nozzles or air nozzles can be advantageously used. Fluid nozzles, in particular, can deliver gas, in the simplest case air, where the pressure of the fluid assists in the removal of the substrate. Accordingly, in the simplest case, a fluid nozzle is an air nozzle.

[0040] After molding, the substrate can be cooled using a suitable cooling profile, especially to set the proposed viscosity.

[0041] Other important features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the dependent claims, the drawings and the accompanying description of the drawings.

[0042] It goes without saying that the features described above and those to be explained below can be used not only in their respective specified combinations, but also in other combinations or individually, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0043] Preferred embodiments and implementations of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The following is illustrated in schematic form: Figure 1 An apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 The steps of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention are shown; Figure 3 A graph showing the normalized throughput of the slice depending on the Onezoglu number; Figures 4a to 4c The equipment shown has a drawing process. Detailed Implementation

[0045] Figure 1 An apparatus 1 for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramics, and / or glass-ceramic materials is shown schematically. The apparatus 1 includes a supply device in the form of a slit-shaped nozzle 2 for forming and supplying a sheet 12 of glass material, configured here as a strip or glass melt, to a forming device 13. The sheet 12 has a viscosity between 0.01 Pa·s and 100 Pa·s. The sheet 12 falls freely from the nozzle 2 onto the forming device 13 arranged below it. The forming device 13 has an outlet roller 3, which includes a rotatable outlet surface 3a having a clockwise rotation direction 6. Alternatively, the outlet surface 3a may also be configured as a movable belt or a movable chain. Here, the velocity 8 of the movable, especially rotatable, outflow surface 3a corresponds to 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, especially 98% or more, preferably 99% or more, and less than 200%, preferably less than 175%, especially less than 150%, preferably less than 125%, especially less than 120%, preferably less than 110%, especially less than 105%, preferably less than 101%.

[0046] Typically, for the very low viscosity of the sheet 12, the impact velocity of the sheet 12 on the outflow surface 3a corresponds to the sum of the discharge velocity of the sheet 12 from the nozzle 2 and the velocity increase due to free fall. For higher viscosities, a smaller impact velocity is generally obtained, which can be determined experimentally.

[0047] The velocity of the sheet 12 impacting the outflow surface 3a can be determined by measuring and / or by numerical calculation, either by tracking bubbles, particles, or other marks in the molten glass or by using a liquid of the same viscosity. As explained, for very low viscosities, the impact velocity of the sheet 12 corresponds to a good approximation of the formula for the sheet 12 falling freely at an initial velocity substantially corresponding to the discharge velocity from the nozzle 2. Here, it is stipulated that a deviation may exist between the impact velocity of the sheet 12 and the velocity of the movable outflow surface 3a. Here, a smaller deviation for a slower velocity of the movable outflow surface 3a and a larger deviation for a faster velocity of the movable outflow surface 3a relative to the velocity of the sheet 12 are permissible, for example, to reduce the thickness of the sheet 12.

[0048] The velocity of the movable outflow surface 3a can correspond to 90% or more, preferably 95% or more, especially 98% or more, preferably 99% or more, and less than 200%, preferably less than 175%, especially less than 150%, preferably less than 125%, especially less than 120%, preferably less than 110%, especially less than 105%, preferably less than 101%, of the velocity of the sheet 12.

[0049] The sheet 12 is further conveyed after impacting the rotatable outflow surface 3a, and leaves the rotatable outflow surface as a substrate 11 after passing through an angle of approximately 45 degrees 5. This substrate is then further conveyed horizontally by means of conveyor rollers 5 for further processing in subsequent processes. The winding angle 10 may also have other values, for example, between 45 degrees and 235 degrees, preferably between 54 degrees and 216 degrees.

[0050] The outflow roller 3 can be like Figure 1 The device shown is connected to a temperature control unit, which is in the form of a cooling device 4. The cooling device 4 cools the outflow roller 3 or more precisely, the rotatable outflow surface 3a.

[0051] A suitable cooling medium can be used for cooling device 4. In particular, oil and / or water and / or water-air mixtures are possible.

[0052] In another embodiment, not shown here, the forming apparatus may include a conveyor belt for conveying the substrate 11 instead of the outflow rollers 3. Here, the conveyor belt may be arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal plane. In another embodiment, not shown here, the forming apparatus may also have one or more belts and / or one or more outflow rollers.

[0053] Figure 2 The steps of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention are illustrated in schematic form.

[0054] exist Figure 2 A method for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramics, and / or glass-ceramic materials is illustrated schematically herein. The method includes the following steps: - Thin sheets 12 with S1 viscosity between 0.01 Pa·s and 100 Pa·s are supplied via a supply device. - The provided sheet 12 is supplied to S2 by means of a supply device to at least one movable, particularly rotatable, outflow surface 3a of the forming device 13, and - The velocity, especially the tangential velocity, of the movable, especially rotatable outflow surface 3a relative to the outlet nozzle 2 within the impact region 9 of the sheet 12 on the movable, especially rotatable outflow surface 3a is provided such that the velocity, especially the tangential velocity, of the movable, especially rotatable outflow surface 3a corresponds to more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, especially more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, and less than 200%, preferably less than 175%, especially less than 150%, preferably less than 125%, especially less than 120%, preferably less than 110%, especially less than 105%, preferably less than 101%.

[0055] Figure 3 A graph showing the normalized throughput of the slice depending on the Onezoglu number is presented.

[0056] Normalized throughput is defined here as follows: in Here, B is the mass throughput, γ is the sheet width, γ is the surface tension, and D is the sheet thickness. It is the density of glass.

[0057] exist Figure 3 The figure 100 shows the normalized throughput M101 on the y-axis with a logarithmic scale and the Onezoglu number Oh on the x-axis with a logarithmic scale.

[0058] Basically by general formula Curve 204 represents the limiting throughput 204, at which the corresponding sheet has just stabilized. Here, regions 202 and 203 of graph 100 represent stable regions where the sheet throughput 101, depending on the Onezog number, is stable. These regions 202 and 203 lie above the limiting throughput 204. Region 201 below the limiting throughput 204 represents the unstable region, where the sheet is unstable depending on the Onezog number. Measurement points are given for the corresponding regions 201, 202, and 203: point 205 for region 201 and point 206 for region 202.

[0059] In addition, the limiting cases of "low viscosity" are plotted, where the Onezog number approaches 0 and the normalized throughput subsequently has a quantity of 1 (Figure 207), and "high viscosity" is plotted, where the Onezog number approaches infinity and the normalized throughput subsequently extends inversely proportional to the Onezog number (Figure 208).

[0060] Based on the corresponding tests represented by points 205 and 206, it is possible to Find two freely selectable parameters, a and b. They are... a≈230, b≈83 This allows the limiting throughput 204, which depends on the Onezoglu number, to be determined according to the function. To describe.

[0061] In principle, the minimum throughput of a thinner sheet is less than that of a thicker sheet.

[0062] Figures 4a to 4c An embodiment of the apparatus 1 and thus the method is schematically illustrated, wherein a drawing method with a drawing device 500 is arranged after the forming apparatus 13 as described. Thus, the shape and / or thickness of the substrate 11 and the resulting glass product are set in two stages: first, so-called preparatory setting by means of the forming apparatus 13, and then setting by means of the drawing device 500, which may in particular include one or more drawing rollers and / or drawing cylinders 51. Drawing, also known as stretching, can simultaneously smooth the surface of the substrate 11 and the resulting glass product.

[0063] The drawing roller contacts the substrate 11, which has been cooled to such an extent that the contact does not cause significant deformation of the substrate 11 and / or the glass product produced.

[0064] The aforementioned conditions and / or parameters are also set in this two-stage method. As described, in this two-stage method, it is advantageously specified that the substrate 11, upon leaving the forming unit 13, which means upon leaving the outflow surface 3a, has a [condition at 10]. 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Viscosities in the Pa·s range, especially 10 2 Pa·s to 10 4 Pa·s, particularly advantageous in 10 3 Pa·s to 10 4 Within the range of Pa·s.

[0065] exist Figure 4aOne embodiment is shown, in which the substrate 11 is pulled out from the outflow surface 3a by means of two pulling rollers 51 in contact with the substrate 11. The section between the point of exit from the outflow surface 3a and the pulling rollers is a temperature-controlled section S, in which the substrate 11 is cooled in particular and its viscosity is set such that the pulling rollers 51 themselves do not produce undesirable deformation of the substrate 11.

[0066] It can be stipulated that, at least in the temperature-controlled section S, the substrate 11 is cooled or heated using a suitable device, such as a cooling unit or furnace. Temperature-controlled sections also exist corresponding to... Figure 4b and Figure 4c The embodiments are shown, but not shown for clarity. Cooling or heating is also specified accordingly in the embodiments corresponding to these figures.

[0067] Particularly advantageously, the temperature control section S and / or cooling or heating are designed such that the viscosity of the substrate 11 at the contact point with the drawing roller (51) is >10. 7 Pa·s or >10 12 Pa.s. This, of course, also applies to all implementation methods.

[0068] The fluid nozzle 60 is arranged such that the fluid flow 601 originating from it is directed toward the substrate 11 near the outlet surface, particularly toward the point where the substrate 11 detaches from the outlet surface 3a. The fluid flow can be said to apply pressure to the substrate 11, thereby facilitating its detachment from the outlet surface 3a. It can also be specified that the temperature of the fluid flow is set in this way, particularly interacting with the temperature control section S, to achieve a desired heating and / or cooling distribution on the substrate. As already described, the fluid can be any suitable fluid, in the simplest case, for example, air, and the fluid nozzle 60 is therefore an air jet nozzle.

[0069] In corresponding Figure 4a In this embodiment, gravity is utilized, specifically during the drawing process, so that the substrate 11 extends vertically toward the drawing device from the position where it detaches from the outflow surface 3a. This means that the position where the substrate 11 detaches from the outflow surface 3a is advantageously arranged vertically above the drawing device 500, and particularly vertically above the center point between the two drawing rollers 51.

[0070] In corresponding Figure 4b In this embodiment, a guide roller 50 is used before the substrate 11 reaches the drawing device 500. Thus, at least a partially horizontal arrangement of the device 1 is also feasible. The guide roller 50 also has the advantage of keeping the substrate 11 under tension, thereby achieving good surface quality and improving process stability.

[0071] An optional fluid nozzle is not shown, but it can certainly be configured similarly here. This also applies to... Figure 4c .

[0072] In corresponding Figure 4c In this embodiment, a guide roller 50 is also used, which can also be referred to as a support roller because it is arranged below the substrate 11. The aforementioned advantages also apply to this embodiment.

[0073] Glass products that can be manufactured using equipment or manufacturing methods are based on the following feasible compositions.

[0074] 1. Ingredients All data below are based on the weight percentage (Gew.-%) of oxides. The preferred application is for the sum of components TiO2 and ZrO2: 0 < ∑ (TiO2+ZrO2) < 9.5%, preferably 1.2 < ∑ (TiO2+ZrO2) < 9.5%. The following components are preferred for SnO2, ZrO2 and TiO2: 0 ≤ SnO2 / (ZrO2+TiO2) < 0.8, preferably 0.01 ≤ SnO2 / (ZrO2+TiO2) < 0.7.

[0075] 2. Ingredients All data below are based on the weight percentage (Gew.-%) of oxides. Preferably, based on the description given as a weight percentage, the total content of Al2O3 and SiO2 is between at least 75 and at most 92, preferably at most 90.

[0076] 3. Ingredients All data below are based on the weight percentage (Gew.-%) of oxides. It may also contain up to 2% by weight of impurities and / or clarifying agents and / or coloring components, and the aforementioned SnO2 is a clarifying agent in the sense of a clarifying agent that is still present.

[0077] 4.Ingredients All data below are based on the weight percentage (Gew.-%) of oxides.

[0078] 5.Ingredients All data below are based on the weight percentage (Gew.-%) of oxides.

[0079] 6.Ingredients All data below are based on the weight percentage (Gew.-%) of oxides. Optional coloring components such as V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni, Se, U compounds or mixtures thereof may be added.

[0080] 7.Ingredients All data below are based on weight percentage (Gew.-%).

[0081] 8.Ingredients All data below are given as a cation percentage (Kat.-%):

[0082] 9.Ingredients The following components give glass products a refractive index n of 1.95 to 2.05. d and dispersion v of 22 to less than 35 d The proportions are given as a weight percentage (Gew.-%): The sum of the weight ratios of SiO2 and B2O3 is at least 10 by weight.

[0083] In summary, at least one embodiment of the present invention can achieve at least one of the following advantages and / or provide at least one of the following features: - Simplified parameterization of stable thin-film processes.

[0084] - Low manufacturing cost.

[0085] - Faster manufacturing process.

[0086] - High efficiency.

[0087] This invention enables the provision of stable sheets made of dilute liquid glass. Therefore, the described minimum throughput is applicable.

[0088] Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto and can be modified in various ways.

[0089] List of reference numerals 1 Equipment 2. Slit nozzle 3 Outflow rollers 3a Outflow surface 4. Cooling device 5 Conveyor Rollers 6. Rotation direction 7. Speed ​​Thin Film 8 Speed ​​Outflow Roller 9 Impact Zone 10 Angle / Wrapping Angle 11 base plate 12 thin slices 13 Molding device 50 steering rollers 51 Drawing Roller 500 drawing device 60 fluid nozzle 601 Fluid Flow S temperature-controlled section 100 charts 101 Normalized throughput 102 Onezog number 201 Unstable Region Stable regions 202, 203 204 Maximum throughput 205 Unstable thin sheets 206 stable thin film

Claims

1. An apparatus for manufacturing glass, glass ceramics, and / or glass ceramic materials, said apparatus comprising a feeding device for supplying a material having a pressure of 0.01 Pa·s and a density of 100... A sheet (11) of glass and / or glass-ceramic material with a viscosity between Pa·s is supplied to a forming apparatus (13), wherein the forming apparatus (13) includes at least one movable, particularly rotatable, outflow surface (3a), and wherein the velocity, particularly the tangential velocity, of the movable, particularly rotatable outflow surface (3a) corresponds to more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, particularly more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, and less than 200%, preferably less than 175%, particularly less than 150%, preferably less than 125%, particularly less than 120%, preferably less than 110%, particularly less than 105%, preferably less than 101%, of which the glass and / or glass-ceramic material leaves the outflow surface (3a) as a substrate (11).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The supply device and forming device (13) are configured according to the Onezog number (102). Provide the sheet (12) according to the formula minimum throughput , where ρ is the density of the sheet (12), B is the width of the sheet, D is the thickness of the sheet, η is the viscosity of the sheet (12), γ is the surface tension, and parameters a and b ≥ 0.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Parameter a has an amount between 5 and 500, preferably between 70 and 500, preferably between 100 and 400, preferably between 200 and 250, and especially between 230, and parameter b has an amount between 0 and 200, preferably between 25 and 200, preferably between 25 and 100, preferably between 50 and 90, and especially between 83.

4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The forming apparatus (13) is configured such that the substrate (11) has 10 when it leaves the outflow surface (3a). 2 Pa·s and above, especially 10 Pa·s 4 Pa·s or higher, preferably 10 5 Viscosities above Pa·s, especially from 10 Pa·s 2 Pa·s to 10 8 Pa·s or from 10 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Pa·s.

5. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The outflow surface (3a) is configured in the form of a roller and / or a movable conveyor belt and / or a movable chain.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The substrate (11) wraps around the rotatable outflow surface (3a) by at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, especially at least 5%, preferably more than 10%, and less than 75%, preferably less than 40%, especially less than 25%, relative to the total circumference of the rotatable outflow surface (3a).

7. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The supply device has a slit nozzle (2) having a maximum width between 0.05 m and 4 m, particularly between 0.25 m and 1 m, preferably between 0.3 m and 0.4 m, a maximum depth between 1 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 25 mm, and a slit width between 0.2 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm.

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, A temperature control device is provided for temperature regulation of at least the molding device (13), especially for cooling.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The forming apparatus (13) is configured to provide a contact time between the substrate (12) and the outflow surface (3a) of 0.01 s or more, particularly 0.02 s or more, preferably 0.1 s or more, particularly 0.5 s or more, and 10 s or less, preferably 5 s or less, particularly 2 s or less.

10. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, A drawing device is arranged after the forming device (13), and preferably the substrate (11) has a 10° angle when leaving the outflow surface (3a). 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Viscosities in the Pa·s range, especially 10 2 Pa·s to 10 4 Pa·s, particularly preferred at 10 3 Pa·s to 10 4 Within the range of Pa·s.

11. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The forming device (13) and / or the outflow surface (3a) are provided with fluid nozzles for detaching from the substrate (11).

12. A method for manufacturing glass, glass-ceramics, and / or glass-ceramic materials, said method comprising the following steps: - Thin sheets (12) with viscosities between 0.01 Pa·s and 100 Pa·s are supplied by a supply device. - The provided sheet (12) is supplied (S2) to at least one movable, particularly rotatable, outflow surface (3a) of the forming device (13) by means of the supply device. - Provide (S3) the speed of the sheet (12) supplied and the speed, especially the tangential speed, of the sheet (12) within the impact region (9) of the sheet (12) on the movable, especially rotatable outflow surface (3a) relative to the speed of the sheet (12) on the movable, especially rotatable outflow surface (3a), such that the speed, especially the tangential speed, of the movable, especially rotatable outflow surface (3a) corresponds to more than 90%, preferably more than 95%, especially more than 98%, preferably more than 99%, and less than 200%, preferably less than 175%, especially less than 150%, preferably less than 125%, especially less than 120%, preferably less than 110%, especially less than 105%, preferably less than 101%, and cause the substrate (11) to detach from the outflow surface (3a).

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The supply device and the forming device (13) are configured such that, according to the Onezog number (102) Provide the substrate of the thin sheet (11) according to the formula The minimum throughput, where ρ is the density of the sheet (12), D is the thickness of the sheet, η is the viscosity of the sheet (12), γ is the surface tension, and parameters a and b ≥ 0.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, The parameter a is selected in an amount between 5 and 500, preferably between 70 and 500, preferably between 100 and 400, preferably between 200 and 250, and especially between 230, and the parameter b is selected in an amount between 0 and 200, preferably between 25 and 200, preferably between 25 and 100, preferably between 50 and 90, and especially between 83.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that, The substrate (11) wraps around the rotatable outflow surface (3a) by at least 1%, preferably at least 2%, especially at least 5%, preferably more than 10%, and less than 75%, preferably less than 40%, especially less than 25%, relative to the total circumference of the rotatable outflow surface (3a).

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that, The contact time between the substrate (11) and the outflow surface (3a) is selected to be 0.01 s or more, especially 0.02 s or more, preferably 0.1 s or more, especially 0.5 s or more, and 10 s or less, preferably 5 s or less, especially 2 s or less.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that, The substrate (11) has 10 when it leaves the outflow surface (3a). 2 Pa·s and above, especially 10 Pa·s 4 Pa·s or higher, preferably 10 5 Viscosities above Pa·s, especially from 10 Pa·s 2 Pa·s to 10 8 Pa·s or from 10 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Pa·s.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that, The substrate (11) is stretched and / or pulled after leaving the outflow surface (3a), wherein, preferably, the viscosity of the substrate (11) leaving the outflow surface (3a) is 10. 2 Pa·s to 10 5 Viscosities in the Pa·s range, especially 10 2 Pa·s to 10 4 Pa·s, particularly preferred at 10 3 Pa·s to 10 4 Within the range of Pa·s.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the thickness of the substrate (11) is set in two stages, firstly by the thickness of the substrate (11) as it leaves the outflow surface, particularly by setting the aforementioned parameters, and secondly by a subsequent drawing process.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, During the drawing process, the substrate (11) comes into contact with at least one drawing roller (51), wherein the viscosity of the substrate (11) at the contact point with the drawing roller (51) is preferably >10. 7 Pa·s or >10 12 Pa·s.

21. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that, The substrate (11) is detached from the molding apparatus (13) and / or the outflow surface (3a) by a fluid flow (601) directed towards the substrate (11), especially a gas flow, the fluid flow originating in particular from a fluid nozzle (60), especially a jet nozzle.

22. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that, The surface of the supplied sheet (12) is flame polished.

23. A glass product made from a substrate comprising glass, glass-ceramic, and / or glass-ceramic materials, particularly manufactured using the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11 and / or the method according to any one of claims 12 to 22, wherein the glass product has at least one, preferably several, and especially all of the following characteristics: - Roughness R on at least one side of the glass product a The roughness is 0.1 nm or more, particularly 1 nm or more, preferably 10 nm or more, particularly 100 nm or more, and less than 200 µm, preferably less than 100 µm, particularly less than 50 µm, preferably less than 30 µm, particularly less than 25 µm, preferably less than 20 µm, wherein the roughness is based on 50 x 50 µm of the glass product. 2 Above, preferably 100x100 µm 2 Above, especially 200 x 200 µm 2 Above, preferably 250 x 250 µm 2 Above, especially 500 x 500 µm 2 Above, preferably 750 x 750 µm 2 The above, preferably in 900 x 900 µm 2 and 1000 x 1000 µm 2 Between and less than 1000 x 1000 µm 2 The area is given; - The liquidus viscosity is 100 Pa·s or less, and the crystal growth rate is 0.4 µm / min or more, preferably 0.5 µm / min or more, especially 1.0 µm / min or more, especially 2.5 µm / min or more, preferably 3.0 µm / min or more, especially 4.0 µm / min or more, especially 4.5 µm / min or more and / or 10.0 µm / min or less, preferably 7.5 µm / min or less, especially 5.0 µm / min or less; - At least one side of the glass product is flame polished.

24. Use of the glass product according to claim 23 as a cover glass or optical element in an augmented reality device.

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