Method for improving soil by inputting organic materials and application

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of soil improvement, provides a method for improving soil by inputting organic materials and application, and aims to solve the degradation problems of soil hardening and nutrient imbalance of Yuluihu dry-hot valley vineyards in the method, cow dung, fungus bags and mixtures of the cow dung and the fungus bags are used as organic materials, and random block test design is adopted. The method comprises the following steps: dividing a degraded vineyard into plots and test plots with specific specifications, applying organic materials, and measuring the water retention capacity, aggregate composition and nutrient element content of soil through layered soil sampling to realize soil quality regulation and control. Adaptive organic materials can be selected according to soil problems and grape growth requirements, the cow dung can remarkably improve the phosphorus content of the soil, the cow dung and the fungus bags can optimize the soil aggregate structure, the water and fertilizer retention capacity, ventilation and water permeability of the soil are effectively improved, technical support is provided for sustainable development of the dry-hot valley grape industry, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a method and application of introducing organic materials to improve soil. Background Technology

[0002] my country is the world's largest producer and consumer of fresh grapes, and the grape industry has become a leading agricultural sector in many regions, playing a vital role in rural economic growth and urban development. Grapes are highly adaptable, are light-loving plants, and require relatively high light levels. Grapes are intolerant of rain and dew. Large diurnal temperature variations contribute to better coloring and sugar content. The minimum temperature for growth is 12-15℃, the optimal temperature for flowering is 20℃, and the optimal temperature for fruit enlargement is 20-30℃. The Yuanmou dry-hot valley, with its abundant light and heat resources (more than 350 days with an average daily temperature ≥10℃, and an annual average temperature of 21.9℃), large diurnal temperature variations, and scarce rainfall, possesses suitable climatic conditions for grape cultivation. As of 2014, the grape planting area had reached 2194.13 hm², an increase of 300.61% compared to 2010.

[0003] However, the Yuanmou dry-hot valley is a typical ecologically fragile area with severe soil degradation. Furthermore, the heavy use of chemical fertilizers in grape production exacerbates soil compaction and nutrient imbalances, hindering the sustainable development of the grape industry. Studies have shown that the input of organic materials can improve soil hydraulic, physical, and chemical properties, achieving soil remediation. However, current research on organic material improvement for vineyard soils in the dry-hot valley is limited, and there is a lack of reasonable organic material management and evaluation methods, failing to provide targeted technical support for soil improvement in this region.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for improving soil by inputting organic materials to compare the impact of different organic material inputs on the soil quality of vineyards, to find the most suitable types of organic materials for improving degraded vineyard soils, and to support the development of the grape industry in hot and dry valleys. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method and application for soil improvement using organic materials. It aims to conduct field control experiments with different organic materials to compare the impact of different organic material inputs on the soil quality of vineyards, seek the most suitable types of organic materials for improving degraded vineyard soils, and support the development of the grape industry in hot and dry valleys.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a method for improving soil by inputting organic materials, comprising: dividing the test area using a randomized block design, applying the organic materials to the test area, and improving the soil by controlling the soil water retention capacity, aggregate composition and nutrient element content. The target of improvement is degraded vineyard soil in arid and hot valleys. The organic materials are selected from at least one of cow dung, mushroom bags, and a mixture of cow dung and mushroom bags.

[0007] Preferably, the selected degraded vineyard soils exhibit typical degraded characteristics such as soil compaction and low nutrient supply levels.

[0008] Preferably, in the randomized block design, the test plots are 2m × 15m in size, and each plot is evenly divided into three 2m × 5m test plots.

[0009] Preferably, after the application of organic materials, in October when the grapevines are growing vigorously, three sampling points are randomly selected in each experimental plot, and soil samples are taken in two layers, 0-20cm and 20-40cm, to determine the water retention performance.

[0010] Preferably, the soil water retention capacity is determined by using a ring sampler. The ring sampler is used to take soil samples in the test area at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The samples are weighed and then placed in a water storage container with water added to the same height as the ring sampler. After absorbing water for 24 hours, the water-filled ring sampler is placed in a sand tray and weighed at time points of 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 24h, 48h, 72h, and 96h. The samples are then dried at 105℃ to constant weight. The effects of different organic material inputs on soil water retention capacity are compared by linear fitting analysis.

[0011] Preferably, the method further includes the determination of soil aggregate components of different particle sizes. The classification of soil aggregates of different particle sizes in the soil sample is determined using a particle size analyzer (TTF-100). The specific steps are as follows: The obtained soil samples were air-dried naturally, and the samples were divided into small pieces of about 1 cm. Stones were removed, and 50g was weighed for later use. Prepare sieves for a pellet analyzer with apertures of 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.25 mm and stack them from smallest to largest. Place the weighed sample on the top layer. Place the sieve assembly on the oscillation frame of the agglomerate analyzer and put it into a water bucket that has been filled with water. The water level should be up to the upper edge of the top sieve in the sieve assembly. During the entire oscillation process of the agglomerate analyzer, the water level should not exceed the water surface. Turn on the switch to oscillate at a frequency of 80 times / minute for the sieves to go up and down. After shaking for 30 minutes, slowly raise the shaking frame to lift the sieve group off the water surface. After the water has dried, put the soil remaining on each sieve into an aluminum box with a known mass, put it in an oven to dry the moisture, and weigh and record the results.

[0012] Preferably, the formula for calculating the content of each level of aggregate is: content of each level of aggregate (%) = air-dried content of each level of aggregate (g) / air-dried soil content × 100%.

[0013] Preferably, the method further includes the determination of soil nutrients, namely: The collected samples were air-dried, mixed evenly, and then ground through a 0.25 mm soil sieve to obtain nutrient element analysis samples. 0.1 g of soil sample was weighed and placed into a digestion tube. 3 mL of nitric acid and 1 mL of hydrofluoric acid were added to the digestion tube respectively. The digestion tube was then placed in a microwave digestion instrument and the soil was treated for 2 h. Then, the acid in the digested sample is removed until the liquid is clear and about the size of a soybean. The treated sample is then brought to a final volume of 100 mL and filtered using a 0.45 μm filter. The treated samples were subjected to soil elemental analysis (Mg, Al, K, Ca, P, etc.) using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (Inductively Coupled Plasma Quant PQ9000, Germany). Single-element standard solutions of Mg, Al, K, Ca, and P were prepared and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry at concentrations of 5 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, 0.1 mg / L, and 0.01 mg / L to plot standard curves.

[0014] Preferably, WPS Office software is used for data entry and management and linear fitting, and IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software is used for one-way or two-way ANOVA.

[0015] This invention also proposes the application of the above-mentioned method of inputting organic materials to improve soil in the soil improvement of vineyards in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the method and application of organic material input for soil improvement provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects: Highly targeted: Specifically designed to address the core degradation problems of soil compaction and nutrient imbalance in vineyards in hot and dry valleys, using cow manure, mushroom bags, and mixtures of the two as improvement materials, adapted to the regional soil and climate characteristics; The improvement effect is obvious: cow manure can significantly increase the phosphorus content of the soil, and the phosphorus is concentrated in the shallow soil layer of 0-20cm, which is easily absorbed by grape roots; cow manure + mushroom bag can promote the aggregation of fine particles, optimize the structure of soil aggregates, and enhance soil aeration, water permeability and aggregate stability. Flexible adaptation to needs: Organic materials can be selected according to specific soil problems. Cow manure is preferred for phosphorus-deficient soils, while cow manure + mushroom bags are selected to improve soil structure, adapting to different improvement scenarios. Improve overall soil quality: By inputting organic materials, simultaneously improve soil water retention capacity, aggregate structure and nutrient supply levels, and create a suitable soil environment for grape growth; The method is scientifically sound and feasible: it adopts a randomized block design and standardized measurement process, which ensures reliable data, is easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale field application, providing technical support for the development of the grape industry in the dry-hot valley. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments, focusing on both research methods and research results.

[0018] I. Research Methods (I) First, the general overview of the research area of ​​this invention will be described: The experimental site was selected in the dry-hot valley region of Yuanmou County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province (101°35′-102°06′E, 25°23′-26°06′N). This region covers an area of ​​2021.46 km², with an altitude ranging from 898 to 2835.9 m. It has a low-latitude plateau monsoon climate with a distinct vertical climate distribution (including warm, northern subtropical, central subtropical, and southern subtropical climates). The region receives 2220.3–2435.8 hours of sunshine annually, with total annual solar radiation ranging from 126950 to 133578 kcal / cm², an average annual temperature of 21.9℃, an extreme minimum temperature of -0.8℃, an extreme maximum temperature of 42.0℃, an annual accumulated temperature of 7996.1℃, a frost-free period of over 300 days, and an average annual rainfall of 611.1 mm. The experimental vineyard exhibits typical degraded characteristics, including soil compaction and low nutrient supply.

[0019] (II) Experimental Design In the Yuanmou dry-hot valley, vineyards with typical degradation characteristics such as soil compaction and low nutrient supply were selected. A randomized block design was adopted, and the experimental plots were divided into four plots of 2m×15m. Each plot was evenly divided into three experimental plots of 2m×5m. Four treatments were set up: cow manure treatment, mushroom bag treatment, cow manure + mushroom bag treatment, and blank control (no organic materials were applied). Each treatment corresponded to one experimental plot. In October 2024, during the peak growing season of grapevines, three sampling points were randomly selected in each experimental plot, and soil samples were taken from two layers, 0-20cm and 20-40cm, to obtain soil samples from different soil layers for each treatment.

[0020] (III) Measurement Method 1. Measurement and comparison of soil water retention capacity Soil samples were taken from the test area using a ring sampler at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. The samples were weighed and then placed in a water-filled container, with water level reaching the ring sampler. The samples were left to stand for 24 hours. The water-saturated ring samplers were then placed in a sand tray and weighed at drying times of 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 105 ℃ until constant weight was achieved. The data were analyzed using linear fitting to compare the effects of different organic material inputs on soil water retention capacity.

[0021] 2. Determination of soil aggregate composition with different particle sizes Soil aggregates of different particle sizes were classified using a TTF-100 aggregate analyzer. The obtained samples were air-dried, divided into small pieces of approximately 1 cm, stones were removed, and 50 g was weighed for later use. Sieve sets for the aggregate analyzer with apertures of 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.25 mm were prepared and stacked from smallest to largest, with the weighed sample placed on the top layer. The sieve sets were placed on the oscillation frame of the aggregate analyzer and then placed in a bucket of water, with the water level reaching the upper edge of the top sieve. During the entire oscillation process of the aggregate analyzer, the sieves must never be lifted above the water surface. The switch was turned on, and the sieves were oscillated at a frequency of 80 times / min for 30 minutes. The oscillation frame was then slowly raised to lift the sieves out of the water surface. After the water had drained, the soil remaining on each sieve was washed into a pre-measured aluminum box, placed in an oven to dry, and the moisture content was recorded. The formula for calculating the content of aggregates at each level is: Content of aggregates at each level (%) = Air-dried content of aggregates at each level (g) / Air-dried soil content × 100% 3. Soil nutrient testing The collected samples were air-dried, mixed thoroughly, and then ground through a 0.25 mm soil sieve to obtain nutrient element analysis samples. 0.1 g of soil sample was weighed and placed into a digestion tube, and then 3 g of nutrient element analysis solution was added to the digestion tube. mL Nitric acid and 1 mL of hydrofluoric acid were added to a microwave digester, and the soil was treated for 2 hours. The digested sample was then deacidified until the liquid was clear and about the size of a soybean. The treated sample was then brought to a final volume of 100 mL and filtered through a 0.45 μm filter. The treated sample was then analyzed for soil elemental analysis (Mg, Al, K, Ca, P, etc.) using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) (Germany Plasma Quant PQ9000). Single-element standard solutions of Mg, Al, K, Ca, and P were prepared and analyzed using ICP-AES at concentrations of 5 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, 0.1 mg / L, and 0.01 mg / L to plot a standard curve.

[0022] (iv) Data processing Data entry and management were performed using WPS Office software. The comparison of water retention capacity of different soils was completed using the linear fitting function of WPS Office software. The comparison of soil aggregate structure and nutrient element content of different organic materials was performed using analysis of variance. One-way or two-way analysis of variance was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1.

[0023] II. Research Results (1) Soil aggregate analysis The composition of agglomerates obtained by wet sieving is shown in Table 1. Under different organic material input methods, the proportion of agglomerates <0.25mm was the largest at depths of 0~20cm and 20~40cm, while the proportion of agglomerates >5mm was the smallest at a depth of 20~40cm. Among the agglomerates <0.25mm, the highest proportion was observed with cow dung + mushroom bag at a depth of 20~40cm. For agglomerates >5mm, the differences between the two layers of agglomerates at 0~20cm and 20~40cm were significant for both cow dung and mushroom bag input methods. In the agglomerate particle size range of 0.25~0.5mm, except for the mushroom bag addition method, all other addition methods showed a higher proportion of agglomerates at a depth of 0~20cm than at a depth of 20~40cm. In the aggregate particle size range of 0.5–1 mm, the content of the blank treatment showed a higher proportion at a depth of 20–40 cm than at a depth of 0–20 cm; for other addition methods, the content at a depth of 0–20 cm was higher than that at a depth of 20–40 cm. In the aggregate particle size range of 1–2 mm, the content of the blank treatment showed a higher proportion at a depth of 20–40 cm than at a depth of 0–20 cm; for other addition methods, the content at a depth of 0–20 cm was higher than that at a depth of 20–40 cm. In the aggregate particle size range of 2–5 mm, all addition methods showed a higher proportion at a depth of 0–20 cm than at a depth of 20–40 cm. In the aggregate particle size range of >5 mm, except for the addition method using cow dung, the content at a depth of 0–20 cm was higher than that at a depth of 20–40 cm for all other addition methods.

[0024] Table 1: Composition of water-stable aggregates in soil under different organic material input methods (unit: g) organic materials <0.25mm 0.25~0.5mm 0.5~1mm 1~2mm 2~5mm >5mm Cow dung 0~20cm 31.71±1.87c 9.32±3.70b 2.65±0.81ab 1.58±0.58a 2.35±1.00ab 2.69±2.10ab 20~40cm 37.67±5.13c 7.23±2.77b 2.04±0.43a 1.11±0.39a 1.29±0.11a 0.53±0.50a Mushroom bags 0~20cm 30.77±9.99b 9.81±2.04a 4.09±0.81a 2.30±0.33a 3.04±0.78a 8.08±6.39a 20~40cm 37.13±6.15c 10.34±0.98b 3.30±0.29a 1.35±0.31a 1.85±0.74a 0.42±0.23a Cow dung + mushroom bag 0~20cm 32.67±0.87c 10.24±2.63b 3.32±0.60a 2.02±0.49a 2.28±0.68a 1.17±1.15a 20~40cm 40.24±8.39b 8.06±3.52a 2.62±2.00a 1.80±1.69a 1.95±1.88a 1.38±2.09a Blank space 0~20cm 25.36±5.47b 9.75±4.80a 7.22±7.54a 3.14±1.47a 3.88±0.98a 6.62±4.55a 20~40cm 25.54±8.43b 7.09±1.84a 9.72±9.49a 3.65±2.43a 3.39±0.73a 2.69±0.69a (2) Soil nutrient element analysis Table 2: Soil element content under different organic material input methods, unit mg / L organic materials Al Ca K Mg P Cow dung 0~20cm 24.66±1.45 2.73±1.20 10.84±0.60 3.39±0.38 0.50±0.08 20~40cm 22.20±7.27 1.33±0.47 10.07±1.61 3.31±0.94 0.35±0.08 Mushroom bags 0~20cm 13.56±0.74 1.83±1.00 9.92±1.68 3.11±0.74 0.42±0.11 20~40cm 15.91±5.59 1.88±0.70 9.73±2.00 3.04±0.69 0.43±0.04 Cow dung + mushroom bag 0~20cm 19.74±3.91 2.48±1.96 10.14±1.90 2.97±0.67 0.44±0.08 20~40cm 18.72±5.11 3.28±3.23 9.44±0.86 3.26±0.86 0.33±0.08 Blank space 0~20cm 37.06±14.77 2.62±0.88 12.00±2.92 3.39±1.05 0.20±0.06 20~40cm 41.20±10.35 6.68±0.24 12.31±1.19 4.04±0.60 0.21±0.06 Table 2 shows that the soil element content was highest in the control treatment (Al), while the soil treated with mushroom bags had a lower Al content. In all treatments, the Al content in the 20-40cm soil layer was generally higher than that in the 0-20cm soil layer, showing a general trend of higher content in the lower layers, although there were fluctuations. The Ca content in the 20-40cm soil layer of the control treatment was significantly higher than in other treatments. The addition of different organic materials significantly affected the calcium content. In the cow manure + mushroom bag treatment, the Ca content in the 0-20cm soil layer was between that in the cow manure and mushroom bag treatments alone. In the control treatment, the Ca content increased significantly in the 20-40cm soil layer, while in the cow manure treatment, the Ca content was relatively high in the 0-20cm soil layer and decreased in the 20-40cm soil layer. The soil in the control treatment had a higher K content. The soil in the mushroom bag treatment had a relatively lower K content. The K content in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers was relatively similar across all treatments, but overall, the lower layers of the control treatment showed a slightly higher K content. The soil in the control treatment had a higher Mg content. The soil in the mushroom bag treatment had a lower Mg content. The Mg content in the cow manure treatment and the cow manure + mushroom bag treatment was at an intermediate level, fluctuating at different depths. The Mg content in the 20-40cm soil layer was higher than that in the 0-20cm soil layer in most treatments. The soil P content was highest in the cow manure treatment and lowest in the control treatment. The P content in the mushroom bag treatment and the cow manure + mushroom bag treatment was between the two. Unlike other elements, phosphorus in the cow manure treatment was mainly concentrated in the 0-20cm soil layer, decreasing in the 20-40cm soil layer.

[0025] III. Final Conclusion

[0026] Different organic material inputs significantly affected the composition of soil aggregates. Aggregates <0.25mm accounted for the largest proportion in all treatments and soil layers, while aggregates >5mm accounted for the smallest proportion in the 20-40cm soil layer. The combination of cow manure and mushroom substrate resulted in the highest proportion of <0.25mm aggregates in the 20-40cm soil layer, indicating a good effect on promoting fine particle aggregation. This is related to the organic carbon source provided by cow manure and mushroom substrate stimulating microbial activity, thereby enhancing soil aggregate stability and improving soil aeration, permeability, and water and fertilizer retention capacity. The distribution of aggregates of different particle sizes varied significantly in different soil layers and treatments, reflecting that the addition of organic materials altered the interactions between soil particles. Aggregates of 0.25-0.5mm accounted for a higher proportion in the 0-20cm soil layer, except for the mushroom substrate treatment. This is because the topsoil is more affected by root activity, microbial action, and organic material decomposition, promoting the formation of aggregates of this particle size.

[0027] In the control treatment, the soil contained higher levels of Al, Ca, K, and Mg, while the soil treated with inoculum bags had lower Al content. This is because organic matter in the inoculum bags undergoes complexation reactions with Al, reducing its availability. Al content was generally higher in the 20-40cm soil layer, possibly related to element leaching and accumulation. Ca content was significantly affected by organic matter. The Ca content in the 0-20cm soil layer of the cow manure + inoculum bag treatment fell between the two, with the cow manure treatment showing relatively higher levels in this layer. This is because the decomposition of cow manure produces organic acids, increasing Ca release and migration. K and Mg content showed similar patterns: higher in the control treatment and lower in the inoculum bag treatment. Most treatments showed higher levels in the 20-40cm soil layer, reflecting the migration and accumulation characteristics of these elements in the soil. The cow manure treatment showed the highest P content, concentrated in the 0-20cm soil layer. This is because it is rich in phosphorus and easily adsorbed and fixed by shallow soil layers, or more easily absorbed and utilized by grape roots, providing sufficient phosphorus for shallow root growth.

[0028] Different inputs of organic materials have varying effects on soil aggregate structure and nutrient content. These changes are interconnected and collectively influence soil quality and the grape growing environment. For example, improved soil aggregate structure facilitates nutrient retention and release, while a reasonable nutrient supply promotes microbial activity and soil aggregate formation. Experimental results show that cow manure is particularly effective in increasing soil phosphorus content, and cow manure combined with mulch bags is advantageous in improving soil aggregate structure. In actual soil improvement in arid and hot valley vineyards, appropriate organic materials can be selected based on specific soil problems and grape growth needs. If the soil is phosphorus deficient, cow manure should be the first choice; if soil structure improvement is required, cow manure combined with mulch bags can be considered.

[0029] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can still combine, add, delete, or otherwise adjust the features of the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict or creative effort, thereby obtaining different technical solutions that do not fundamentally depart from the concept of the present invention. These technical solutions also fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for inputting organic materials to improve soil, characterized in that, The method is as follows: A randomized block design was used to divide the test areas. After applying the organic material to the test areas, soil improvement was achieved by regulating the soil water retention capacity, aggregate composition and nutrient content. The target of improvement was degraded vineyard soil in arid and hot valleys. The organic material was selected from at least one of cow dung, mushroom bags, and a mixture of cow dung and mushroom bags.

2. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The selected degraded vineyard soils exhibit typical degraded characteristics such as soil compaction and low nutrient supply levels.

3. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the randomized block design, the test plots are 2m×15m in size, and each plot is evenly divided into 3 test subplots of 2m×5m.

4. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 3, characterized in that, After the application of organic materials, in October when the grapevines are growing vigorously, three sampling points were randomly selected in each experimental plot, and soil samples were taken from two layers, 0-20cm and 20-40cm, to determine the water retention performance.

5. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 4, characterized in that, Soil water retention capacity was measured using a ring sampler. Soil samples were taken from the test area at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. The samples were weighed and then placed in a water-filled container with water to the same height as the ring sampler. After 24 hours of water absorption, the water-filled ring sampler was placed in a sand tray and weighed at time points of 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. The samples were then dried at 105 °C to constant weight. The effects of different organic material inputs on soil water retention capacity were compared using linear fitting analysis.

6. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the determination of soil aggregate components of different particle sizes. The classification of soil aggregates of different particle sizes in soil samples is determined using a particle size analyzer. The specific steps are as follows: The obtained soil samples were air-dried naturally, and the samples were divided into small pieces of about 1 cm. Stones were removed, and 50 g was weighed for later use. Prepare sieves for a pellet analyzer with apertures of 5 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm, 0.5 mm, and 0.25 mm and stack them from smallest to largest. Place the weighed sample on the top layer. Place the sieve assembly on the oscillation frame of the agglomerate analyzer and put it into a water bucket that has been filled with water. The water level should be up to the upper edge of the top sieve in the sieve assembly. During the entire oscillation process of the agglomerate analyzer, the water level should not exceed the water surface. Turn on the switch to oscillate at a frequency of 80 times / minute for the sieves to go up and down. After shaking for 30 minutes, slowly raise the shaking frame to lift the sieve group off the water surface. After the water has dried, put the soil remaining on each sieve into an aluminum box with a known mass, put it in an oven to dry the moisture, and weigh and record the results.

7. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the content of aggregates at each level is: content of aggregates at each level (%) = air-dried content of aggregates at each level (g) / air-dried soil content × 100%.

8. The method for improving soil by inputting organic materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method also includes the determination of soil nutrients, namely: The collected samples were air-dried, mixed evenly, and then ground through a 0.25 mm soil sieve to obtain nutrient element analysis samples. 0.1 g of soil sample was weighed and placed into a digestion tube. 3 mL of nitric acid and 1 mL of hydrofluoric acid were added to the digestion tube respectively. The digestion tube was then placed in a microwave digestion instrument and the soil was treated for 2 h. Then, the acid in the digested sample is removed until the liquid is clear and about the size of a soybean. The treated sample is then brought to a final volume of 100 mL and filtered using a 0.45 μm filter. The treated samples were subjected to soil elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Single-element standard solutions of Mg, Al, K, Ca, and P were analyzed using ICP-AES at concentrations of 5 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 0.5 mg / L, 0.1 mg / L, and 0.01 mg / L to plot standard curves.

9. The method for inputting organic materials to improve soil according to claim 1, characterized in that, Data processing was performed using WPS Office software for data entry and management, and linear fitting. IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 software was used for one-way or two-way ANOVA.

10. The application of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the soil improvement of vineyards in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley.