Special fire extinguishing agent for lithium battery

Abstract

The invention discloses a special fire extinguishing agent for a lithium battery, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of a special fire extinguishing agent for a silicon lithium battery, 4-10 parts of a lithium ion battery flame retardant, 2-6 parts of an anionic surfactant, 4-6 parts of a hydrocarbon surfactant, 4-8 parts of a grinding aid, 6-8 parts of a foaming agent, 5-10 parts of an organic solvent and 50-100 parts of water. Compared with the prior art, the fire extinguishing agent has the characteristics of rapid fire extinguishing, environmental protection, high efficiency and the like, can rapidly cool, does not burn again and can adsorb harmful gases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire extinguishing technology, and more specifically, to a special aerogel fire extinguishing agent for use in lithium battery fire extinguishing applications. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium-ion batteries, as a crucial carrier of modern energy storage, have always been a major concern for safety. However, once a lithium-ion battery catches fire, the difficulty and time required to handle the situation often catch people off guard. Although various lithium-ion battery fire extinguishing agents exist on the market, they still have many shortcomings at the technical level. The cooling effect of the fire extinguishing agent is also an important indicator of its performance. Some existing fire extinguishing agents, such as carbon dioxide, have low extinguishing efficiency and often fail to effectively reduce the battery temperature during the extinguishing process. This can not only lead to reignition but also accelerate the chain reaction inside the battery, thus exacerbating the fire. While some fire extinguishing agents can quickly extinguish open flames, such as heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone, their cooling performance varies. The dosage and environmental performance of the fire extinguishing agent are also key factors in evaluating its quality. Some fire extinguishing agents require large quantities during the extinguishing process, which not only increases the cost of firefighting but may also cause environmental pollution. At the same time, some fire extinguishing agents may produce toxic and harmful byproducts after release, posing a potential threat to people and the environment.

[0003] Current technologies for lithium battery fire extinguishing agents still have many shortcomings. Research and development should focus on developing new, highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and pollution-free fire extinguishing agents that can both extinguish fires rapidly and effectively cool them down. Simultaneously, research should be strengthened on the synergistic effect of fire extinguishing strategies and new fire extinguishing agents to improve the prevention and control of lithium battery fires. Therefore, developing new, highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and pollution-free fire extinguishing agents is of great significance for improving the prevention and control capabilities of lithium battery fires. Only in this way can we better address the challenges posed by lithium battery fires and ensure the safety of people and property. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to effectively solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing agent specifically for lithium batteries.

[0005] The present invention provides a fire extinguishing agent for lithium batteries, characterized in that it comprises the following components by weight: 5-10 parts of fire extinguishing agent for silicon lithium batteries, 4-10 parts of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, 2-6 parts of anionic surfactant, 4-6 parts of hydrocarbon surfactant, 4-8 parts of grinding aid, 6-8 parts of foaming agent, 5-10 parts of organic solvent, and 50-100 parts of water.

[0006] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the silicon lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is at least one of silica aerogel and silicon-aluminum binary aerogel.

[0007] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the lithium-ion battery flame retardant is at least one of trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate.

[0008] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the anionic surfactant is at least one of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, and sodium secondary alkyl sulfate.

[0009] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the hydrocarbon surfactant is at least one of alcohol ether phosphate ester and potassium monododecyl phosphate ester.

[0010] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the grinding aid is diethanol monoisopropanolamine.

[0011] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the foaming agent is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

[0012] According to the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent described above, preferably, the organic solvent is at least one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

[0013] The method for preparing the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0014] S10 adds a special fire extinguishing agent for lithium silicon batteries, a hydrocarbon surfactant, and an appropriate amount of water to a mixing container and stirs until homogeneous.

[0015] S20 Add lithium-ion battery flame retardant, organic solvent, foaming agent and appropriate amount of water to the mixture obtained in step S10 and stir evenly.

[0016] S30: Add the anionic surfactant, grinding aid, and remaining water to the mixture obtained in step S20 and stir until homogeneous.

[0017] The core innovation of this invention lies in the subversion and integration of fire extinguishing mechanisms. This technical solution introduces a new concept of dynamically constructing an insulation barrier, which is the most groundbreaking innovation of the entire solution. The idea behind this technical solution is to actively build a physical, long-lasting insulation layer made of aerogel on the battery surface while implementing cooling and suffocation. The innovation lies in the fact that this insulation layer is generated on-site by the spraying of the fire extinguishing agent. It fundamentally destroys the most fatal thermal spread characteristic of thermal runaway. Even if the reaction inside a certain cell has not completely stopped, this insulation layer can effectively prevent it from igniting adjacent cells, thereby controlling the fire to a minimum. This is a shift in thinking from passive firefighting to active isolation.

[0018] This technical solution achieves a unified function of liquid fire extinguishing and solid protection in its extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent exists in the form of a liquid suspension for easy spraying and penetration. After water evaporation or loss, its core functional component, aerogel solid particles, is retained, forming a durable, lightweight, and highly efficient solid insulation layer. This extinguishing agent creates a unique working mode of instantaneous fluid and long-lasting solid, combining the penetrating cooling advantage of liquid extinguishing agents with the durable barrier advantage of solid insulation materials. Aerogel is typically used as a static thermal insulation material in fields such as construction and aerospace. This extinguishing agent uses it as the core functional component of an active extinguishing agent. This is a typical example of "technology transplantation" innovation; this extinguishing agent not only adds a new material but also redefines the material's role and function in the fire protection field.

[0019] Each component in this fire extinguishing agent is not isolated; they form a precisely coordinated system. Surfactants ensure that the liquid containing aerogel particles can penetrate the confined space of the battery pack. Foaming agents generate foam, achieving initial coverage and suffocation, and providing a carrier for the adhesion of aerogel particles. Flame retardants chemically intervene in both the gas and condensed phases to extinguish open flames. Water and organic solvents serve as carriers and the primary cooling medium. Grinding aids ensure the dispersion stability of the aerogel in the liquid, a key process guarantee for realizing this technical concept. The innovation lies in this design, which demonstrates a systems engineering mindset. This technical solution is not a simple listing of individual components, but rather, through careful design and proportioning, allows all components to play their respective roles at different stages of the fire extinguishing process, ultimately achieving a synergistic effect where 1+1>2, all centered around the core objective of extinguishing lithium battery fires.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this invention features rapid fire extinguishing, environmental friendliness, and high efficiency. It can quickly cool down the battery, prevent reignition, and adsorb harmful gases. The lithium-ion battery-specific fire extinguishing agent has extremely high porosity, filled with lithium-ion battery flame retardants and solvent water, which can continuously cool the lithium-ion battery and prevent its thermal runaway propagation. When the lithium-ion battery is burning, the lithium-ion battery flame retardant can reduce the reactants generated by thermal runaway, and the anions in it can capture the free radicals generated during combustion, thus preventing the combustion of lithium ions. Hydrocarbon surfactants and foaming agents enable the fire extinguishing agent to generate a large amount of stable foam more quickly, which can rapidly cover the surface of the lithium battery, reduce crystallinity, and isolate oxygen. The resulting lithium-ion battery-specific fire extinguishing agent has a high viscosity, and when sprayed on the lithium-ion battery, it can quickly adhere to the surface of the lithium battery to isolate oxygen, quickly extinguish the fire, and prevent the lithium battery from reigniting. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Preferred Implementation Method 1

[0022] The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent disclosed in this invention comprises the following components by weight: 8 kg of lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent, 8 kg of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, 4 kg of anionic surfactant, 5 kg of hydrocarbon surfactant, 5 kg of grinding aid, 7 kg of foaming agent, 8 kg of organic solvent, and 55 kg of water; the lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is 8 kg of silica aerogel; the lithium-ion battery flame retardant is 8 kg of trimethyl phosphate; the anionic surfactant is 4 kg of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate; the hydrocarbon surfactant is 5 kg of alcohol ether phosphate; the grinding aid is 5 kg of diethanol monoisopropanolamine; the foaming agent is 7 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent; and the organic solvent is 8 kg of ethanol.

[0023] The preparation method of lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: S10 Add 8 kg of silicon lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent, i.e., silica aerogel, hydrocarbon surfactant, i.e., 5 kg of alcohol ether phosphate, and 10 kg of appropriate amount of water to a reaction vessel and stir evenly for 1 hour; S20 Add 8 kg of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, i.e., trimethyl phosphate, organic solvent, i.e., 8 kg of ethanol, foaming agent, i.e., 7 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate foaming agent, and 25 kg of appropriate amount of water to the reaction vessel and stir evenly in the mixture obtained in step S10 for 1 hour; S30 Add 4 kg of anionic surfactant, i.e., sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, grinding aid, i.e., 5 kg of diethanol monoisopropanolamine, and 20 kg of remaining water to the reaction vessel and stir evenly in the mixture obtained in step S20 for 1.5 hours until the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is obtained.

[0024] The technical effects of this specific formula are remarkable. It is not merely a manifestation of abstract principles, but rather a concrete product that transforms theory into a highly achievable and synergistic one through precise proportions and processes. Its technical effects can be understood on two levels: the fire extinguishing stage and the fire prevention stage. Overall, through the precise collaboration of its components, this specific formula achieves a composite fire extinguishing effect that provides rapid response, continuous suppression, and long-term protection, particularly effective in addressing the thermal runaway propagation problem unique to lithium batteries. In the initial stage of fire extinguishing, from the moment of application to the extinguishing of the open flame, it can quickly extinguish the open flame and initiate the cooling process, efficiently extinguishing and suppressing the flame.

[0025] The core active ingredients in this specific formulation are trimethyl phosphate (flame retardant), sodium lauryl sulfate (foaming agent), and water. Chemical inhibition occurs through the thermal decomposition of trimethyl phosphate, which captures free radicals in the combustion chain, efficiently interrupting the chain reaction and rapidly suppressing the flame. Physical suffocation occurs through the mechanical generation of a large amount of foam by sodium lauryl sulfate, which covers the battery surface and rapidly isolates oxygen. Initial cooling occurs through the instantaneous evaporation of water, absorbing a large amount of heat and lowering the battery surface temperature. The core active ingredients, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, alcohol ether phosphate (surfactant), and ethanol (solvent), possess excellent penetration and coverage capabilities.

[0026] This specific formulation, with its extremely low surface tension, utilizes a dual surfactant combination that significantly reduces the surface tension of the liquid. This allows the extinguishing agent to rapidly wet, spread, and penetrate into the gaps between tightly packed battery packs, acting directly on the ignition point rather than merely remaining on the surface. This is crucial for extinguishing fires hidden inside the battery pack. The synergistic effect of ethanol, as an organic solvent, further improves the wettability of the formulation on the surfaces of plastic, metal, and other components, and contributes to the uniform distribution of organic flame retardants.

[0027] The fire extinguishing time was no more than 15 seconds. Thanks to the rapid chemical inhibition of high-concentration trimethyl phosphate and the suffocating effect of abundant foam, it was able to quickly extinguish the fierce open flames generated by electrolyte combustion. It exhibited strong resistance to reignition, ensuring no reignition within 10 minutes. The silica aerogel formed an effective thermal insulation barrier on the battery surface, blocking heat transfer to adjacent cells and completely suppressing heat spread, demonstrating excellent anti-reignition performance. The foaming ratio was greater than 8 times, with sodium dodecyl sulfate providing abundant foam, resulting in strong coverage and suffocation effects. The liquid separation time was greater than 1 minute, and the foam stability was good, maintaining sufficient time to isolate oxygen and cool the surface. The peak temperature inside the battery pack was less than 300℃. The extinguishing agent penetrated into the battery pack, effectively suppressing localized high temperatures. After extinguishing the fire, a white solid coating of about 3-5 mm could be observed on the battery surface, directly demonstrating the successful retention of silica aerogel. This coating is lightweight, porous, and warm to the touch but far below the ignition point, providing physical protection against reignition.

[0028] Preferred Implementation Method 2

[0029] The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent disclosed in this invention comprises the following components by weight: 5 kg of lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent, 4 kg of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, 2 kg of anionic surfactant, 4 kg of hydrocarbon surfactant, 4 kg of grinding aid, 6 kg of foaming agent, 5 kg of organic solvent, and 50 kg of water; the lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is 5 kg of silicon-aluminum binary aerogel; the lithium-ion battery flame retardant is 4 kg of triethyl phosphate; the anionic surfactant is a total of 2 kg of sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate, and sodium alkyl sulfate; the hydrocarbon surfactant is 4 kg of potassium monododecyl phosphate; the grinding aid is 4 kg of diethanolmonoisopropanolamine; the foaming agent is 6 kg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; and the organic solvent is a total of 5 kg of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

[0030] The preparation method of lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: S10 Add 5 kg of silicon-aluminum binary aerogel, 5 kg of hydrocarbon surfactant (ethanol ether phosphate ester), and 10 kg of appropriate amount of water to a reaction vessel and stir evenly for 1 hour; S20 Add 4 kg of triethyl phosphate, 5 kg of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, 6 kg of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and 25 kg of appropriate amount of water to the reaction vessel and stir evenly for 1 hour; S30 Add 2 kg of sodium alkyl sulfonate, alkyl aryl sulfonate, and sodium alkyl sulfate, 4 kg of diethanolamine, and the remaining 15 kg of water to the reaction vessel and stir evenly for 1.5 hours until the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is obtained.

[0031] This specific formulation, by employing different components such as silica-alumina binary aerogel and triethyl phosphate, optimizes cost, foam stability, and environmental friendliness while maintaining the core fire extinguishing mechanism. It also provides excellent fire extinguishing and anti-reignition capabilities, making it a more market-oriented balanced solution. In the initial stage of fire extinguishing, it can quickly extinguish open flames, achieving initial coverage and cooling. This specific formulation replaces trimethyl phosphate with triethyl phosphate, offering highly efficient and more environmentally friendly flame suppression. Triethyl phosphate is also a highly efficient phosphorus-based flame retardant, with a similar flame retardant mechanism (gas-phase quenching and condensed-phase charring) to trimethyl phosphate. Compared to trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate has slightly lower volatility and lower toxicity, improving the overall environmental friendliness and operational safety of the formulation. This is an optimization oriented towards stricter environmental regulations and user safety awareness. The foaming agent was changed to sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, which can build a more complex but more stable foaming and penetration system. The anionic surfactant adopted a compound system of sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate and sodium alkyl sulfate.

[0032] In preventing reignition and terminating thermal runaway, this specific formulation can construct a highly efficient insulation layer, ensuring core performance. The core material for building this highly efficient insulation barrier, aerogel, is replaced from silica aerogel to a silica-alumina binary aerogel. This results in better technical performance. By introducing aluminum into the silica network, silica-alumina binary aerogel typically exhibits superior high-temperature resistance compared to pure silica aerogel. It maintains structural stability at higher temperatures, and its superior temperature resistance is more advantageous in dealing with extreme thermal runaway temperatures. The binary composite structure often improves the brittleness of pure silica aerogel, making the final insulation barrier more resilient, less prone to pulverization and detachment under mechanical vibration or impact, and possessing better mechanical strength. The raw material cost of silica-alumina aerogel differs from that of traditional silica aerogel; this choice is based on overall cost optimization. The organic solvent used is a blend of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, which has synergistic solubilizing and antifreeze functions. Ethanol provides rapid volatility, while ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol have high boiling points and slow evaporation, which better maintains the system's moisture content. Simultaneously, as a highly efficient antifreeze agent, it ensures that the fire extinguishing agent does not freeze at extremely low temperatures. The addition of polyethylene glycol slightly increases the system viscosity; adjusting the viscosity can help slow down the settling rate of aerogel particles and improve the product's storage stability.

[0033] This specific formulation achieves synergistic foaming and stabilizing effects. Using a blend of multiple anionic surfactants typically yields richer and more stable foam than a single component. Surfactant molecules with different structures arrange themselves more tightly at the gas-liquid interface, forming a stronger foam film, thus extending the duration of the foam coating and enhancing the suffocation effect. Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a very common and inexpensive foaming agent and detergent, exhibiting good synergy with the blended anionic surfactants, jointly ensuring the wetting and penetration capabilities of the extinguishing agent.

[0034] This specific formulation optimizes the solvent system, employing a blend of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol as the organic solvent. This achieves a synergistic effect of solubilization and antifreeze. Ethanol provides rapid volatility; ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol, with their high boiling points and slow evaporation, better maintain system moisture and, as highly effective antifreeze agents, ensure the fire extinguishing agent does not freeze at extremely low temperatures. The addition of polyethylene glycol slightly increases the system viscosity, which helps slow the settling rate of aerogel particles and improve product storage stability.

[0035] This specific formulation replaces silica aerogel with aluminosilicate binary aerogel in the stages of preventing reignition and terminating thermal runaway, enabling the construction of a highly efficient thermal insulation barrier. It achieves superior temperature resistance; by introducing aluminum into the silica network, aluminosilicate binary aerogel typically exhibits better high-temperature resistance than pure silica aerogel, maintaining structural stability at higher temperatures, which is more advantageous in dealing with extreme thermal runaway temperatures. It also achieves better mechanical strength; the binary composite structure often improves the brittleness of pure silica aerogel, resulting in a more resilient thermal insulation barrier that is less prone to pulverization and detachment under mechanical vibration or impact. The raw material cost of aluminosilicate aerogel differs from that of traditional silica aerogel, a choice made based on overall cost optimization.

[0036] The experimental fire extinguishing time was less than 20 seconds. Thanks to the rapid chemical inhibition by high-concentration trimethyl phosphate and the suffocating effect of abundant foam, it could quickly extinguish the fierce open flames generated by electrolyte combustion. 5 kg of silica-alumina binary aerogel was sufficient to form an effective insulation layer. Its excellent temperature resistance and mechanical strength ensured the barrier's durability at high temperatures, fully meeting the safety requirements of most application scenarios. The foaming ratio was greater than 8 times, with sodium dodecyl sulfate providing abundant foam, resulting in strong coverage and suffocation effects. The foam stability (25% separation time) was greater than 5 minutes; the combination of multiple anionic surfactants with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate produced exceptionally stable foam. The longer exudation time of the foam means that the foam layer can cover and suffocate the fire source for a longer period of time, and also serve as a carrier for aerogel particles; the exudation time is greater than 1 minute, and the foam has good stability, which can keep it isolated from oxygen and cooled to the surface for a long time; after extinguishing the fire, a dense and tough white solid covering layer is formed, and the heat insulation layer is firmly attached and not easily blown away by airflow; after standing for 24 hours at -20℃, the extinguishing agent does not freeze when it returns to room temperature, and its strong low-temperature adaptability ensures that the extinguishing performance does not change significantly. The ternary compound solvent system of ethanol, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol provides excellent antifreeze capability and broadens the range of applicable environments of the product.

[0037] Preferred Implementation Method 3

[0038] The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent disclosed in this invention comprises the following components by weight: 10 kg of lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent, 10 kg of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, 6 kg of anionic surfactant, 6 kg of hydrocarbon surfactant, 8 kg of grinding aid, 8 kg of foaming agent, 10 kg of organic solvent, and 60 kg of water; the lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is a total of 10 kg of silica aerogel and silica-alumina binary aerogel; the lithium-ion battery flame retardant is a total of 10 kg of trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate; the anionic surfactant is a total of 6 kg of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, and sodium secondary alkyl sulfate; the hydrocarbon surfactant is a total of 6 kg of alcohol ether phosphate and potassium monododecyl phosphate; the grinding aid is 8 kg of diethanolmonoisopropanolamine; the foaming agent is a total of 8 kg of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; and the organic solvent is a total of 10 kg of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

[0039] A method for preparing a lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: S10, adding a total of 10 kg of silicon-lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent, namely 10 kg of silica aerogel and silicon-aluminum binary aerogel, a hydrocarbon surfactant, namely 6 kg of alcohol ether phosphate and potassium monododecyl phosphate, and 15 kg of appropriate amount of water to a reaction vessel and stirring evenly for 1 hour; S20, adding a total of 10 kg of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, namely 10 kg of trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate, an organic solvent, namely 10 kg of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol, and a foaming agent, namely 8 kg of... 1 catties of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, and 25 kg of water are added to the mixture obtained in step S10 in the reactor and stirred evenly for 1 hour; in step S30, anionic surfactants, namely a total of 6 kg of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, and sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, grinding aid, namely 8 kg of diethanol monoisopropanolamine, and the remaining 20 kg of water are added to the reactor and stirred evenly for 2 hours until a lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is obtained.

[0040] This specific formulation, through a strategy of full-component compounding and high-dosage application, achieves the fastest, most durable, and most reliable fire extinguishing and reignition prevention performance. This formulation is designed to address the most severe and highest-risk lithium battery fire scenarios, rapidly suppressing flames in the initial stage and extinguishing open flames with maximum intensity in the shortest time. The flame retardant uses a compound of trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate, totaling 10 kg, the highest among the three options. This achieves a synergistic flame-retardant effect. Phosphate esters of different chain lengths have slightly different volatility, boiling points, and gas-phase / condensed-phase flame-retardant efficiencies; the compounded use creates a broader and more continuous flame-retardant protection range from low to high temperatures, ensuring efficient free radical capture at any stage. The high concentration of flame retardant ensures sufficient effective components participate in the reaction in the fire scene, acting like a firewall to quickly extinguish fierce flames.

[0041] This specific formulation boasts exceptionally rich foam and penetrating power, employing a high concentration of compounded surfactants and foaming agents. The combination of sodium dodecyl sulfate (strong foaming power) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (foam stabilizing) promises to produce a rich and long-lasting foam layer. Simultaneously, the extensive compounding system of five anionic surfactants and two hydrocarbon surfactants, after thorough mixing, achieves minimal surface tension and optimal wetting and spreading properties, enabling the extinguishing agent to penetrate every corner of the battery pack at the fastest speed, achieving three-dimensional coverage and deep cleaning-like fire suppression.

[0042] This specific aerogel formulation uses a blend of silica and aluminum-silicon binary aerogel, with a total dosage of 10 kg, representing the maximum usage. This creates an impenetrable barrier to prevent reignition and terminate thermal runaway, constructing the thickest and most stable thermal insulation barrier to completely suppress heat spread. Pure silica aerogel has excellent thermal insulation properties, while aluminum-silicon binary aerogel offers better temperature resistance and mechanical strength. The blend aims to form an "ultimate insulation layer" that possesses both ultra-high thermal insulation performance and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures while maintaining a certain degree of toughness and resistance to damage. Achieving maximum thickness and coverage, the 10 kg dosage means that the final solid insulation layer is the thickest of all options, most effectively blocking any heat transfer path and providing the highest level of protection for adjacent battery cells.

[0043] This specific formulation achieves a super-stable suspension system and provides long-lasting cooling performance; the grinding aid dosage is increased to 8 kg, and the stirring time in step S30 is extended to 2 hours. The high dosage of grinding aid and the extended final stirring time are designed to ensure that up to 10 kg of aerogel composite particles are fully dispersed and stably suspended for a long period, preventing precipitation and clumping during storage—a key process guarantee for achieving high performance. This specific formulation provides an extremely wide liquid range and highly efficient antifreeze capability, while the viscosity of the system is adjusted using polyethylene glycol, further aiding in suspension stabilization.

[0044] This specific formulation benefits from high concentrations of broad-spectrum flame retardants and optimized surfactants, resulting in faster fire extinguishing; from the most complex surfactant blending system, resulting in stronger penetration; from the thickest and most comprehensive aerogel blended insulation layer, resulting in more reliable resistance to reignition; and from the highest amount of grinding aid and the longest final mixing process, resulting in a more stable system.

[0045] Extreme fire suppression time is less than 10 seconds, possessing top-tier fire extinguishing speed. The high-concentration, wide-boiling-range phosphate ester compound flame retardant can form an extremely high effective concentration in the flame zone, rapidly interrupting the chain reaction like a chemical storm, achieving second-level suppression of fierce flames; the anti-reignition and heat spread inhibition time is greater than 120 minutes, during which there is no reignition or thermal runaway of adjacent cells; the insulation layer formed by 10 kg of aerogel compound achieves the ultimate thickness and integrity, successfully isolating thermal runaway completely at the initial trigger point, preventing catastrophic chain reactions, and achieving the design goal of the ultimate insulation fortress; the foaming ratio is greater than 10 times, and the strong foaming power of sodium dodecyl sulfate and compound surfactants result in extremely rich foam volume; the 25% liquid separation time is greater than 6 minutes, thanks to the synergy of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and various foam stabilizers, resulting in an extremely long foam life that can provide lasting coverage and cooling; a tough composite insulation layer with a thickness of 5-8 mm is formed, which can withstand the scouring of external airflow without damage. After standing at 60℃ for 30 days, the extinguishing agent showed no visible stratification and its suspension stability was greater than 95%. The process of using 8 kg of grinding aid and 2 hours of final stirring ensured that the high-solids content system still had excellent long-term storage stability.

[0046] Preferred Implementation Method 4

[0047] The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent disclosed in this invention comprises the following components by weight: 7 kg of lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent, 7 kg of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, 4 kg of anionic surfactant, 5 kg of hydrocarbon surfactant, 6 kg of grinding aid, 7 kg of foaming agent, 8 kg of organic solvent, and 50 kg of water; the lithium silicon battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is 7 kg of silicon-aluminum binary aerogel; the lithium-ion battery flame retardant is 7 kg of tributyl phosphate; the anionic surfactant is 4 kg of sodium alkyl sulfate and sodium secondary alkyl sulfate; the hydrocarbon surfactant is 5 kg of potassium monododecyl phosphate; the grinding aid is 6 kg of diethanolmonoisopropanolamine; the foaming agent is 7 kg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; and the organic solvent is 8 kg of polyethylene glycol.

[0048] The preparation method of lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent includes the following steps: S10, adding 7 kg of silicon-aluminum binary aerogel, 5 kg of potassium monododecyl phosphate, and 15 kg of appropriate amount of water to a reaction vessel and stirring evenly for 2 hours; S20, adding 7 kg of tributyl phosphate, 8 kg of polyethylene glycol, 7 kg of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and 25 kg of appropriate amount of water to the mixture obtained in step S10 and stirring evenly for 2 hours; S30, adding 4 kg of sodium alkyl sulfate and sodium secondary alkyl sulfate, 6 kg of diethanolamine, and the remaining 15 kg of water to the reaction vessel and stirring evenly for 2 hours until the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent is obtained.

[0049] This specific formulation, by selecting single components with high boiling points and high boiling ranges and significantly enhancing the dispersion process, aims to prepare a highly stable, long-lasting, deep-penetrating, and long-lasting lithium battery fire extinguishing agent. This specific formulation sacrifices some instantaneous explosive power but gains unparalleled sustained action.

[0050] This specific formulation achieves sustained coverage rather than an instantaneous burst in the initial stages of a fire, establishing a durable and stable foam cover for suffocation-based extinguishing. The flame retardant uses a single type of tributyl phosphate, which provides long-lasting chemical inhibition and a high boiling point. Tributyl phosphate has the highest boiling point and lowest volatility among phosphate esters; this means it won't rapidly vaporize and escape in a fire, but will remain on the surface of the burning material for a longer period, providing continuous and long-lasting chemical flame retardancy. It focuses on promoting char formation in the condensed phase (solid surface) to form a protective layer—a slow and meticulous flame retardant method, ideal for preventing smoldering and reignition after extinguishing the fire.

[0051] This specific formulation achieves a robust foaming and permeation system. The surfactants and foaming agents used are sodium alkyl sulfate / secondary alkyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, all classic and stable components. While the foam produced by this combination may not be as extremely abundant as in Embodiment 3, it is very stable and long-lasting, providing a reliable suffocation effect and wetting capability for an extended period. The organic solvent used is a single type of polyethylene glycol (PEG), a high-boiling-point, viscous liquid that is essentially non-volatile. This thickens the suspension, significantly increasing the system viscosity, one of the most effective means of inhibiting aerogel sedimentation. After moisture evaporates, PEG acts as a binder, helping aerogel particles better adhere to the battery surface, forming a firmly bonded composite insulating film rather than a loose powder.

[0052] To prevent reignition and terminate thermal runaway, a robust defense line is constructed, forming a strong and tightly bonded thermal insulation barrier. A single silica-alumina binary aerogel is selected. Silica-alumina aerogels offer superior mechanical strength and high-temperature resistance. This means the resulting thermal insulation barrier is more robust, less prone to pulverization, and remains intact even under deformation or vibration of the battery pack, providing long-lasting protection. The most prominent feature of this solution is process stability; the stirring time at each step is extended to 2 hours, for a total stirring time of 6 hours. This extended stirring time ensures that 7 kg of silica-alumina aerogel is extremely well dispersed without agglomeration, a prerequisite for achieving optimal thermal insulation performance. After such a long period of shearing and mixing, the entire system reaches a highly homogeneous and stable state, significantly reducing the sedimentation rate of aerogel particles. The product's storage stability is the best among all solutions, directly improving product reliability and shelf life.

[0053] Extinguishing time is no more than 25 seconds. Tributyl phosphate mainly works through char formation in the condensed phase, which is slightly slower but more durable, providing long-lasting coverage rather than instantaneous bursts. Its resistance to reignition is greater than 180 minutes, during which no reignition occurs, forming the most durable insulation layer thanks to the robust silica-alumina aerogel barrier and the adhesive effect of polyethylene glycol. The 25% separation time is greater than 8 minutes. The surfactant combination and the thickening effect of polyethylene glycol produce an extremely stable and durable foam layer, providing a perfect platform for aerogel deposition. After standing at room temperature for 6 months, the suspension stability is greater than 98%, with no visible stratification or sedimentation. The 6-hour total stirring process and the thickening effect of polyethylene glycol almost completely solve the sedimentation problem of the solid-liquid suspension system, resulting in extremely high product shelf life and reliability. The formed composite insulation film passes the tape peel test, showing excellent adhesion and cohesion, and is not easily damaged by airflow or mechanical vibration. After high-temperature storage and 30 days of accelerated aging at 60℃, its fire extinguishing and reignition resistance performance decreases by less than 5% compared to newly manufactured products.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing agent specifically for lithium batteries, characterized in that, It includes the following components by weight: 5-10 parts of lithium silicon battery fire extinguishing agent, 4-10 parts of lithium-ion battery flame retardant, 2-6 parts of anionic surfactant, 4-6 parts of hydrocarbon surfactant, 4-8 parts of grinding aid, 6-8 parts of foaming agent, 5-10 parts of organic solvent, and 50-60 parts of water.

2. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing agent specifically for lithium silicon batteries is at least one of silica aerogel and silicon-aluminum binary aerogel.

3. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium-ion battery flame retardant is at least one of trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate.

4. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anionic surfactant is at least one of sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl aryl sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfate, and sodium secondary alkyl sulfate.

5. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrocarbon surfactant is at least one of alcohol ether phosphate and potassium monododecyl phosphate.

6. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding aid is diethanol monoisopropanolamine.

7. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foaming agent is at least one of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.

8. The lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic solvent is at least one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol.

9. A method for preparing the lithium battery-specific fire extinguishing agent according to claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10 adds a special fire extinguishing agent for lithium silicon batteries, a hydrocarbon surfactant, and an appropriate amount of water to a mixing container and stirs until homogeneous. S20 Add lithium-ion battery flame retardant, organic solvent, foaming agent and appropriate amount of water to the mixture obtained in step S10 and stir evenly. S30: Add the anionic surfactant, grinding aid, and remaining water to the mixture obtained in step S20 and stir until homogeneous.