Distillation device for separating light and heavy components

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of distillation devices, and discloses a distillation device for separating light and heavy components, which comprises a tower body and an adjusting mechanism arranged on the tower body, the tower body comprises a feeding section, a film scraping section and a discharging section which are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction and communicate with one another. The feeding section comprises a main body part, a mounting part and a liquid accumulation part; the adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting assembly and a driving assembly; the number and the positions of the adjusting assemblies are in one-to-one correspondence with those of the second feeding ports, each adjusting assembly comprises a plurality of opening and closing bodies sequentially abutting against the mounting part in the circumferential direction, and the opening and closing bodies vertically move on the mounting part to open or close the second feeding ports; the complete closing of the single second feeding hole is realized through the combined action of all the opening and closing bodies in the corresponding adjusting assembly; the driving assembly is arranged outside the feeding section, and the driving assembly is matched with the opening and closing bodies and drives one or more opening and closing bodies to vertically move so as to adjust the opening degree of the second feeding opening. According to the feeding device, the feeding uniformity can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of distillation apparatus, and in particular to a distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components. Background Technology

[0002] When separating light and heavy components of a mixture, such as separating EPA and DHA from a mixture of fish oil, multi-stage distillation equipment is usually used for rectification.

[0003] Multistage distillation apparatus heats a mixture in a vacuum environment, causing the lighter components in the mixture to evaporate, condense, and be collected in the distillation apparatus, while the heavier components enter the next stage of evaporation equipment for heating, further separating the lighter components from the mixture. For example, Chinese patent document CN215538512U discloses the specific structure of multistage vacuum distillation, which includes multiple distillation columns connected in sequence. Each distillation column is equipped with a distillation chamber, and the chamber is equipped with an evaporation section and a condensation section arranged at intervals. The upper end of the distillation column is equipped with a feed end, and the lower end is equipped with a heavy distillate outlet end and a light distillate outlet end. The purity of the product is improved through multistage continuous distillation.

[0004] However, current distillation equipment typically feeds raw materials from one side of the distillation column, resulting in poor uniformity of the feed material. This leads to uneven material coverage and heating imbalance on the surface of the evaporation section during the initial scraping of the scraper, affecting the separation efficiency of light and heavy components. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To improve the uniformity of the feed, this application provides a distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components.

[0006] This application provides a distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components, employing the following technical solution: A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components includes: a column body and an adjustment mechanism disposed on the column body; The tower body includes a feeding section, a scraping section, and a discharging section arranged and connected vertically. The feeding section includes a main body, an installation section, and a liquid collection section. The main body is connected to the scraping section and is vertically opposite to it. A plurality of first feed ports are formed around the periphery of the main body near the scraping section along the circumference of the tower body. The installation section is coaxially enclosed around the outer periphery of the main body and forms a second feed port that corresponds to and is connected to the first feed ports. Both the first feed ports and the second feed ports are strip-shaped extending along the circumference of the main body. The liquid collection section is coaxially enclosed around the outer periphery of the installation section and forms an annular liquid collection cavity, which is also connected to the second feed ports. The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and a drive component. The number and position of the adjustment components correspond one-to-one with the second feed port. Each adjustment component includes multiple opening and closing bodies that abut against each other in sequence along the circumference of the mounting part. The opening and closing bodies open or close the second feed port by moving vertically on the mounting part. The complete closure of a single second feed port is achieved by the combined action of all the opening and closing bodies in the corresponding adjustment component. The drive component is located outside the feeding section. The drive component cooperates with the opening and closing bodies and drives one or more opening and closing bodies to move vertically to adjust the opening degree of the second feed port.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple strip-shaped feed inlets and corresponding adjustment mechanisms are set up around the circumference of the tower body. This allows for flexible adjustment of the opening and distribution of each feed inlet according to material properties and process requirements, achieving uniform control of the feed in both the circumferential and vertical directions. The annular interconnected design of the liquid accumulation chamber ensures uniform material distribution before entering the scraping film section, improving the problems of localized material accumulation and uneven distribution caused by unilateral feeding. This enhances the uniformity of initial film formation and heat exchange efficiency in the scraping film section, ultimately improving the separation effect of light and heavy components and the overall stability of the device.

[0008] Optionally, each opening and closing body includes a connected pressing seat and a guide rod, the guide rod being disposed on the top of the pressing seat and having a cross-section smaller than that of the pressing seat; both the pressing seat and the guide rod move vertically in the mounting part, and the bottom of the pressing seat is located at the second inlet to adjust the opening of the second inlet, and the top of the guide rod extends out of the top of the mounting part.

[0009] Optionally, the inner and outer sides of the bottom of the pressure seat have beveled surfaces, and the distance between the beveled surfaces on both sides of the pressure seat gradually decreases in the downward direction; the mounting part is recessed downward on the bottom side of the second inlet to form a groove for the bottom of the pressure seat to be inserted, and the width of the groove is less than the maximum distance between the beveled surfaces on both sides of the pressure seat and greater than the minimum distance between the beveled surfaces on both sides of the pressure seat.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a beveled surface is provided at the bottom of the pressure seat, which mates with the groove of the mounting part. This allows the beveled surface to fit tightly against the groove wall when closed, forming a surface contact seal and improving the sealing effect. The gradual design of the beveled surface makes the opening and closing process smooth and less prone to jamming. At the same time, the opening cross-sectional area can be adjusted according to the opening and closing height to achieve linear flow control, which is suitable for the feeding needs of materials with different viscosities.

[0011] Optionally, the adjustment mechanism also includes a sealing airbag; the top of the mounting part has an annular groove for the sealing airbag to be embedded, and the sealing airbag has multiple clearance holes, the number and position of which correspond one-to-one with the guide rod for the guide rod to pass through; when the sealing airbag is deflated, there is a gap between it and the guide rod, and when the sealing airbag is inflated, the gap between it and the guide rod is eliminated.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, air is released when adjusting the position of the opening and closing body to facilitate the movement of the guide rod, and air is inflated after adjustment to achieve a tight seal between the guide rod and the body, thereby improving the sealing performance.

[0013] Optionally, the drive assembly includes a limiting ring, a movable ring, and a first power source; the limiting ring and the movable ring are coaxially enclosed around the outer periphery of the main body, and the movable ring is located above the limiting ring and is driven by the first power source to move vertically; The opening and closing body includes a main rod located outside the mounting part. The main rod passes through a limiting ring and a movable ring vertically. Two sets of locking members are arranged vertically at intervals on the main rod. The two sets of locking members are used to lock with the limiting ring and the movable ring respectively. The main rod can switch between locking with the limiting ring and locking with the movable ring by adjusting its own state so that one of the two sets of locking members is activated. When the main rod is locked with the limit ring, the opening and closing body blocks the second feed port. When the main rod is locked with the movable ring, the movable ring can drive the opening and closing body to move through the main rod, so that the second feed port can be opened.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the opening and closing body can switch between two states of blocking and adjustment through the cooperation of the limiting ring, the movable ring and the double locking component, and the opening and closing body in the same state can be adjusted together through the movable ring.

[0015] Optionally, the drive assembly also includes a second power source, which works in conjunction with the limit ring to drive vertical movement.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution and setting a second power-driven limit ring to move vertically, further downward pressure can be applied when the opening and closing body is locked in the limit ring, thereby enhancing the sealing tightness between the pressure seat and the groove.

[0017] Optionally, each locking element includes at least one plug-in seat, which moves horizontally within the main rod. The main rod is provided with an elastic element connected to the plug-in seat. The elastic element is used to give the plug-in seat a tendency to move into the main rod, so that the plug-in seat is housed in the main rod without any other external force. Both the limiting ring and the movable ring are provided with locking slots for the plug-in seat to be inserted.

[0018] Optionally, the connector has guide slopes on both the upper and lower sides, the guide slopes on both sides of the connector are symmetrically arranged, and the distance between the guide slopes gradually decreases towards the outside of the main member; the height of the locking slot is less than the maximum distance between the guide slopes on both sides of the connector and greater than the minimum distance between the guide slopes on both sides of the connector.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the plug-in socket is equipped with symmetrical guide slopes that match the height difference of the locking slot, making the insertion and extraction process smooth, reducing wear, and enhancing the vibration and displacement resistance after locking.

[0020] Optionally, the main rod includes a base rod and a movable rod; the base rod has an inner cavity for the installation and movement of the plug-in seat; the movable rod moves vertically threadedly in the base rod and has a pushing part located between two sets of locking members for pushing the plug-in seat out of the base rod.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the base rod and the movable rod are threaded together. Rotating the movable rod moves the pushing part up and down, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the connector. It offers high adjustment precision, good self-locking performance, and is easy to control manually or by drive, achieving reliable locking and unlocking operations.

[0022] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. By using multiple independently adjustable strip-shaped feed inlets distributed circumferentially and their linkage adjustment mechanism, the uniformity of feed in the circumferential direction of the tower body is improved, the uniformity of film formation and heat exchange efficiency of the scraping section are enhanced, thereby improving the separation effect of light and heavy components.

[0023] 2. Through the opening and closing body and the double-ring drive structure, the opening and closing status and opening degree of each feed port can be flexibly controlled to adapt to the process requirements of materials with different viscosities and flow rates, thereby enhancing the process adaptability and operational flexibility of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the feeding section when the second inlet is closed in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point B; Figure 5 This is a top view of the movable rod and locking element in the embodiment of this application.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Feeding section; 101. Main body; 102. Mounting part; 103. Liquid accumulation part; 2. Scraping section; 3. Discharge section; 4. First feed inlet; 5. Second feed inlet; 6. Liquid accumulation chamber; 7. Opening and closing body; 71. Pressing seat; 72. Guide rod; 73. Main rod; 731. Base rod; 732. Movable rod; 74. Locking element; 741. Insertion seat; 742. Elastic element; 8. Beveled surface; 9. Groove; 10. Sealing airbag; 11. Ring groove; 12. Relief hole; 13. Limiting ring; 14. Movable ring; 15. First power source; 16. Second power source; 17. Locking slot; 18. Guide slope; 19. Pushing part; 20. Pushing surface. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-5 This application will be described in further detail.

[0027] This application discloses a distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components includes a column body and an adjustment mechanism disposed on the column body. The column body and the adjustment mechanism cooperate with each other to improve the uniformity of feed.

[0028] The column body comprises, from top to bottom, a feed section 1, a scraped film section 2, and a discharge section 3, all connected in sequence. The mixed liquid enters the column body from the feed section 1 and flows to the scraped film section 2. The scraped film section 2 heats and scrapes the mixed liquid using a scraper, causing the light components to evaporate and condense upon contact with a condenser. The discharge section 3 has a heavy distillation discharge end and a light distillation discharge end. The condensed light components are discharged from the light distillation discharge end, while the mixed liquid, after one separation, is discharged from the heavy distillation discharge end. The distillation unit typically has multiple stages. The heavy distillation discharge end of each stage is connected to the feed end of the next stage through pipes, feed pumps, temporary storage tanks, and other auxiliary components. The light distillation discharge end of the previous stage contains the target light components separated in that stage, which are collected directly. A vacuum environment is maintained throughout the distillation process using a vacuum pump. The arrangement of the scraped film section 2 and the discharge section 3, the connection method of the multi-stage distillation unit, and the vacuum environment are all publicly available technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0029] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 More specifically, the feeding section 1 includes a main body 101, an mounting section 102, and a liquid collection section 103. The main body 101 is cylindrical and communicates with the scraping section 2, and is vertically coaxial with it. The inner diameter of the main body 101 is the same as the inner diameter of the scraping section 2, so that the raw material can directly enter the scraping section 2 from the main body 101. Multiple first feed ports 4, which are internally and externally connected, are evenly spaced along the circumference of the tower body at one end of the main body 101 near the scraping section 2. The first feed ports 4 are strips extending circumferentially along the main body 101. The strip shape increases the area of ​​the raw material entering the scraping section 2, which is beneficial for a more uniform distribution of the raw material. In this embodiment, there are four first feed ports 4.

[0030] The mounting part 102 is annular and coaxially fixed around the outer periphery of the main body 101. Simultaneously, a second inlet 5 is formed at the bottom of the mounting part 102, corresponding to and communicating with the first inlet 4. The second inlet 5 is also strip-shaped, extending circumferentially along the main body 101, and correspondingly communicating with the first inlet 4. The liquid accumulation part 103 is annular and coaxially fixed around the outer periphery of the mounting part 102, forming an annularly communicating liquid accumulation cavity 6. The liquid accumulation cavity 6 is also communicating with the second inlet 5. The top wall of the liquid accumulation cavity 6 is higher than the top walls of the second inlet 5 and the first inlet 4. The liquid accumulation cavity 6 can store raw materials, allowing the raw materials to sequentially enter the main body 101 through the second inlet 5 and the first inlet 4 from the liquid accumulation cavity 6, and then flow down the inner wall of the main body 101 into the scraping section 2. In the first-stage distillation unit, the liquid collection section 103 is connected to the raw material tank via a feed pump. In the upper and lower-stage distillation units, the heavy distillation outlet of the upper-stage distillation unit is connected to the liquid collection section 103 of the lower-stage distillation unit via auxiliary components such as pipes, feed pumps, and temporary storage tanks.

[0031] The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and a drive component. The adjustment component and the drive component work together to adjust the opening degree of the second feed port 5.

[0032] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 For the adjustment components, the number and position of each adjustment component correspond one-to-one with the second feed inlet 5. Each adjustment component includes multiple opening and closing bodies 7 that abut against each other sequentially along the circumference of the mounting portion 102. The opening and closing bodies 7 move vertically on the mounting portion 102, and the opening and closing bodies 7 open or close the second feed inlet 5 by moving vertically on the mounting portion 102, thereby controlling the feeding situation of each second feed inlet 5.

[0033] The complete closure of a single second inlet 5 requires the combined action of all opening and closing bodies 7 in the corresponding adjustment assembly. Multiple opening and closing bodies 7 allow for adjustment of the opening degree of the second inlet 5 vertically and circumferentially along the main body 101 as needed. For example, in this embodiment, each set of adjustment assemblies has three opening and closing bodies 7. When the second inlet 5 needs to be adjusted to a low flow rate, only one or two opening and closing bodies 7 can be open, while the others remain closed. When the second inlet 5 needs to be adjusted to a higher flow rate, all three opening and closing bodies 7 can be opened, increasing the flow rate and length of the second inlet 5 to improve the uniformity of the feed. Alternatively, when the liquid viscosity is high, the height of the second inlet 5 can be increased to allow the liquid to pass through. It should be noted that the opening state of each second inlet 5 should be uniform or that of each pair of opposite inlets is uniform to improve the uniformity of the feed.

[0034] Each hinged body 7 includes a pressing seat 71 and a guide rod 72 connected vertically upwards. The pressing seat 71 and the guide rod 72 can be integrally formed or connected by welding or other methods. The pressing seat 71 is arc-shaped, and the guide rod 72 is located on top of the pressing seat 71 with a smaller cross-section than the pressing seat 71 to reduce resistance during movement. Both the pressing seat 71 and the guide rod 72 slide vertically within the mounting portion 102. The bottom of the pressing seat 71 extends to the second inlet 5, and its opening is adjusted by vertical movement. The top of the guide rod 72 extends upwards beyond the top of the mounting portion 102.

[0035] The bottom of the pressure seat 71 has beveled surfaces 8 on both its inner and outer sides, and the distance between the beveled surfaces 8 on both sides of the pressure seat 71 gradually decreases in the downward direction. The mounting part 102 is recessed downward on the bottom side of the second inlet 5 to form a groove 9, into which the bottom of the pressure seat 71 is inserted. The width of the groove 9 in the radial direction along the mounting part 102 is less than the maximum distance between the beveled surfaces 8 on both sides of the pressure seat 71, while the width of the groove 9 is greater than the minimum distance between the beveled surfaces 8 on both sides of the pressure seat 71. In this way, when the pressure seat 71 moves downward, it can press against the sides of the groove 9 through the beveled surfaces 8 on both sides of the pressure seat 71, thereby closing the second inlet 5. The beveled surfaces 8 allow the pressure seat 71 to better fit the second inlet 5, improving the sealing effect. When the opening and closing body 7 moves vertically, it can adjust the opening between the beveled surfaces 8 and the wall of the groove 9 to adjust the opening degree of the second inlet 5. When the second inlet 5 is open, Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As for the drive assembly, the drive assembly is located outside the feed section 1 and above the mounting part 102. The drive assembly cooperates with the opening and closing body 7 and drives one or more opening and closing bodies 7 to move vertically to adjust the opening degree of the second feed port 5.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 4 The drive assembly includes a limiting ring 13, a movable ring 14, a first power source 15, and a second power source 16. The limiting ring 13 and the movable ring 14 are coaxially arranged around the outer periphery of the main body 101. The movable ring 14 is located above the limiting ring 13 and is driven vertically by the first power source 15. The limiting ring 13 is driven vertically by the second power source 16. The first power source 15 and the second power source 16 can be an electric linear actuator, an electric push rod, a linear motor, etc.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4The opening and closing body 7 also includes a main rod 73 fixed to the top of the guide rod 72. The main rod 73 passes through the limiting ring 13 and the movable ring 14 in sequence along the vertical upward direction. Two sets of locking members 74 are installed at intervals along the vertical direction on the main rod 73. The two sets of locking members 74 are used to lock with the limiting ring 13 and the movable ring 14 respectively. The main rod 73 can lock with one of the limiting ring 13 and the movable ring 14 through the locking members 74, so that the opening and closing body 7 can switch between locking with the limiting ring 13 and locking with the movable ring 14.

[0038] When the main rod 73 is locked to the limiting ring 13, the opening and closing body 7 blocks the second inlet 5. The second power 16 provides a downward clamping force to the opening and closing body 7 by vertically adjusting the limiting ring 13. When the main rod 73 is locked to the movable ring 14, the movable ring 14, driven by the first power 15, can move the opening and closing body 7 via the main rod 73, thus opening the second inlet 5 corresponding to the opening and closing body 7. Therefore, when it is necessary to block the second inlet 5 with the opening and closing body 7, the opening and closing body 7 is locked to the limiting ring 13; when it is necessary to adjust the opening degree of the second emulsion outlet with the opening and closing body 7, the opening and closing body 7 is locked to the movable ring 14.

[0039] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 More specifically, the main rod 73 includes a base rod 731 and a movable rod 732. The base rod 731 has a hollow inner cavity for the locking member 74 and the movable rod 732 to move. The movable rod 732 moves along a vertical thread at the top of the base rod 731 and extends into the inner cavity of the base rod 731. The portion of the movable rod 732 located in the base rod 731 has a protruding pushing part 19. The pushing part 19 is located between the two sets of locking members 74. The pushing part 19 is in the shape of two symmetrical cones joined together. The axes of the two cones extend vertically, and the large ends of the two cones are close to each other.

[0040] Each locking element 74 includes at least one plug-in seat 741. In this embodiment, each locking element 74 has two plug-in seats 741. Both plug-in seats 741 move horizontally within the base rod 731, and are located on opposite sides of the movable rod 732. Through holes on the base rod 731 guide the movement of the plug-in seats 741. An elastic element 742, which can be a spring or similar, is provided in the base rod 731 to encourage the two plug-in seats 741 to move closer together, i.e., into the base rod 731. This allows the plug-in seats 741 to be housed within the base rod 731 and abut against the movable rod 732 without any external force. In this embodiment, the elastic element 742 is connected between the two plug-in seats 741. Both plug-in sockets 741 have push-receiving surfaces 20 on the upper and lower sides near the inner end of the base rod 731. The push-receiving surfaces 20 on the upper and lower sides of the plug-in sockets 741 are vertically inclined and symmetrical. The inclination angle of the push-receiving surfaces 20 matches the inclination angle of the side of the push part 19. The distance between the push-receiving surfaces 20 on both sides of the plug-in sockets 741 gradually decreases in the direction near the inner end of the base rod 731.

[0041] Both the limiting ring 13 and the movable ring 14 have locking slots 17 for the insertion of the connector 741. By rotating the movable rod 732, the pushing part 19 can move up and down. The pushing part 19 abuts against the pushing surface 20 through the side of the cone, thereby pushing the connector 741 horizontally out and into the corresponding locking slot 17, thus locking the main rod 73 with the limiting ring 13 or the movable ring 14. When the pushing part 19 leaves the pushing surface 20, the connector 741 is reset by the elastic force of the elastic member 742, allowing the connector 741 to be repositioned in the base rod 731, thus unlocking the main rod 73 from the limiting ring 13 or the movable ring 14.

[0042] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 Furthermore, the connector 741 has vertically inclined guide surfaces 18 on both its upper and lower sides away from the base rod 731. The guide surfaces 18 on both sides of the connector 741 are symmetrically arranged, and the distance between the guide surfaces 18 gradually decreases towards the outside of the base rod 731. The vertical height of the locking slot 17 is less than the maximum distance between the guide surfaces 18 on both sides of the connector 741, but greater than the minimum distance between the guide surfaces 18 on both sides of the connector 741, so as to improve the locking effect between the connector 741 and the locking slot 17.

[0043] Reference Figure 3Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism also includes a rubber sealing airbag 10. A coaxially arranged annular groove 11 is formed on the top of the mounting part 102, into which the sealing airbag 10 is embedded. The sealing airbag 10 can be fixed in the annular groove 11 by means of adhesive or other methods. The sealing airbag 10 has multiple clearance holes 12, the number and position of which correspond one-to-one with the guide rod 72. The guide rod 72 passes vertically through the corresponding clearance hole 12. When adjusting the position of the opening / closing body 7 before the equipment operates, the sealing airbag 10 is deflated, creating a gap between the sealing airbag 10 and the guide rod 72 for the guide rod 72 to move. After the position of the opening / closing body 7 is adjusted, the sealing airbag 10 is inflated, causing it to bulge and eliminate the gap between it and the guide rod 72, thus achieving a sealing effect. In addition, the inner wall of the cavity where the pressure seat 71 moves vertically and the inner wall of the groove 9 of the mounting part 102 are covered with a thin rubber layer. One of the two adjacent sealing parts has a thin rubber sheet on the side of the sealing part closest to the other sealing part to improve the sealing between the opening and closing body 7 and the mounting part 102, as well as between different opening and closing bodies 7.

[0044] The implementation principle of a distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to an embodiment of this application is as follows: After the material enters the annular liquid accumulation chamber 6, it flows into the main body 101 from multiple directions through the second feed port 5 and the first feed port 4. By controlling the lifting and lowering of each opening and closing body 7 through the drive assembly, the opening degree and opening and closing state of each feed port can be adjusted to adapt to different material characteristics and process requirements.

[0045] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components, characterized in that, include: The tower body and the adjustment mechanism installed on the tower body; The tower body includes a feeding section (1), a scraping section (2), and a discharging section (3) arranged and connected in a vertical direction. The feeding section (1) includes a main body (101), an installation section (102), and a liquid collection section (103). The main body (101) is connected to the scraping section (2) and is vertically opposite to it. The main body (101) has a plurality of first feed ports (4) formed around the periphery of the end of the main body (101) near the scraping section (2) along the circumference of the tower body. The installation section (102) is coaxially enclosed around the periphery of the main body (101) and forms a second feed port (5) that corresponds to and is connected to the first feed ports (4). The first feed ports (4) and the second feed ports (5) are both strip-shaped extending around the periphery of the main body (101). The liquid collection section (103) is coaxially enclosed around the periphery of the installation section (102) and forms an annular liquid collection cavity (6). The liquid collection cavity (6) is also connected to the second feed port (5). The adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment component and a drive component; the number and position of the adjustment components correspond one-to-one with the second feed port (5). Each adjustment component includes multiple opening and closing bodies (7) that abut against each other in sequence along the circumference of the mounting part (102). The opening and closing bodies (7) open or close the second feed port (5) by moving vertically on the mounting part (102), and the complete closure of a single second feed port (5) is achieved by the combined action of all the opening and closing bodies (7) in the corresponding adjustment component. The drive component is located outside the feeding section (1). The drive component cooperates with the opening and closing bodies (7) and drives one or more opening and closing bodies (7) to move vertically to adjust the opening degree of the second feed port (5).

2. The distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each opening and closing body (7) includes a connected pressing seat (71) and a guide rod (72). The guide rod (72) is located on the top of the pressing seat (71) and its cross-section is smaller than that of the pressing seat (71). The pressing seat (71) and the guide rod (72) move vertically in the mounting part (102), and the bottom of the pressing seat (71) is located at the second inlet (5) to adjust the opening of the second inlet (5). The top of the guide rod (72) extends out of the top of the mounting part (102).

3. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the pressure seat (71) has beveled surfaces (8) on both the inner and outer sides. The distance between the beveled surfaces (8) on both sides of the pressure seat (71) gradually decreases in the downward direction. The mounting part (102) is recessed downward on the bottom side of the second inlet (5) to form a groove (9) for the bottom of the pressure seat (71) to be inserted. The width of the groove (9) is less than the maximum distance between the beveled surfaces (8) on both sides of the pressure seat (71) and greater than the minimum distance between the beveled surfaces (8) on both sides of the pressure seat (71).

4. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism also includes a sealing airbag (10); the top of the mounting part (102) has an annular groove (11) for the sealing airbag (10) to be embedded, and the sealing airbag (10) has a plurality of clearance holes (12), the number and position of the clearance holes (12) correspond one-to-one with the guide rod (72) so that the guide rod (72) can pass through; when the sealing airbag (10) is deflated, there is a gap between it and the guide rod (72), and when the sealing airbag (10) is inflated, the gap between it and the guide rod (72) is eliminated.

5. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly includes a limiting ring (13), a movable ring (14), and a first power (15); the limiting ring (13) and the movable ring (14) are coaxially enclosed around the outer periphery of the main body (101), and the movable ring (14) is located above the limiting ring (13) and is driven by the first power (15) to move vertically; The opening and closing body (7) includes a main rod (73) located outside the mounting part (102). The main rod (73) passes through the limiting ring (13) and the movable ring (14) vertically. Two sets of locking members (74) are arranged vertically on the main rod (73). The two sets of locking members (74) are used to lock with the limiting ring (13) and the movable ring (14) respectively. The main rod (73) can switch between locking with the limiting ring (13) and locking with the movable ring (14) by adjusting its own state so that one of the two sets of locking members (74) is active. When the main rod (73) and the limiting ring (13) are locked, the opening and closing body (7) blocks the second feed port (5). When the main rod (73) and the movable ring (14) are locked, the movable ring (14) can drive the opening and closing body (7) to move through the main rod (73), so that the second feed port (5) is opened.

6. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 5, characterized in that: The drive assembly also includes a second power source (16), which works in conjunction with a limit ring (13) to drive vertical movement.

7. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 5, characterized in that: Each locking element (74) includes at least one plug-in seat (741), which moves horizontally within the main rod (73). The main rod (73) is provided with an elastic element (742) connected to the plug-in seat (741). The elastic element (742) is used to give the plug-in seat (741) a tendency to move into the main rod (73), so that the plug-in seat (741) is housed in the main rod (73) without any other external force. Both the limiting ring (13) and the movable ring (14) are provided with locking slots (17) for the plug-in seat (741) to be inserted.

8. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plug-in socket (741) has guide slopes (18) on both the upper and lower sides. The guide slopes (18) on both sides of the plug-in socket (741) are symmetrically arranged, and the distance between the guide slopes (18) gradually decreases towards the outside of the main rod (73). The height of the locking slot (17) is less than the maximum distance between the guide slopes (18) on both sides of the plug-in socket (741) and greater than the minimum distance between the guide slopes (18) on both sides of the plug-in socket (741).

9. A distillation apparatus for separating light and heavy components according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main rod (73) includes a base rod (731) and a movable rod (732); the base rod (731) has an inner cavity for the installation and movement of the plug-in seat (741); the movable rod (732) moves vertically threadedly in the base rod (731) and has a pushing part (19), which is located between two sets of locking members (74) and is used to push the plug-in seat (741) out of the base rod (731).

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