Assembling tool and assembling method of wheel set device and wheel set device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of locomotive assembly, and discloses an assembly tool and an assembly method of a wheel set device and the wheel set device. The thickness of the adjusting pad can be predicted before the non-tooth-side wheel is assembled, so that all accumulative errors are eliminated in the assembling process of the axle suspension box, the accumulative errors are prevented from being transmitted downwards, it is guaranteed that the wheel position difference meets the iron standard requirement, repeated assembling is not needed, the assembling workload is reduced, and the assembling efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of locomotive assembly technology, and in particular to an assembly fixture, assembly method, and wheelset assembly. Background Technology

[0002] The wheelset assembly is a key component for locomotive operation. It consists of two wheels and an axle connecting them, as well as an axle clamp mounted on the axle. The axle clamp provides an interface for the traction motor and is fixed to the axle, allowing it to rotate smoothly relative to the axle. Axial positioning is achieved by the driven gear and the non-toothed wheel clamping the two ends of the axle clamp. This positioning method is simple, safe, and reliable. However, due to railway standards, the dimensions of each part of the wheelset assembly are subject to strict limitations, resulting in a very complex assembly dimensional chain. Therefore, the traditional assembly process involves first hot-fitting the wheels and adjusting the axle clamp clearance, followed by machining the tread as a whole on a wheel lathe. The advantage of this process is that the axle clamp dimensional chain is separated from the tread dimensional chain, shortening the chain length. The inner distance and wheel position difference are no longer affected by the axle clamp adjustment, reducing assembly difficulty. However, hot-fitted wheels have a long cooling time, and the metal surface oxidizes and blackens after heating, affecting aesthetics. The wheel lathe's machining efficiency is also low, impacting the economic efficiency of the assembly.

[0003] One proposed technology for assembling locomotive split wheelsets involves using a hot-fitting method to first assemble the wheel rim and wheel core into a wheel rim (equivalent to a complete wheel). The tread, inner, and outer surfaces of the outer rim are then machined onto the wheel rim. Finally, the wheel rim and wheel are assembled onto the axle using either hot-fitting or oil-press-fitting methods. This method addresses the efficiency and aesthetic issues of traditional processes to some extent, but several problems still exist:

[0004] 1) The thickness of the pre-installed adjusting shims in the axle box is difficult to predict when ensuring the inner distance and wheel position difference of the wheelset. In actual assembly, it often happens that the inner distance and wheel position difference can only be found after the wheelset is assembled. If they do not meet the requirements, it is necessary to inject oil and move the non-tooth side wheel to remove the adjusting shim. Then the wheelset needs to be reinstalled, which involves a lot of rework. Furthermore, repeatedly adjusting the wheel position can easily cause wheel damage, and repeatedly adjusting the bearing position also carries the risk of bearing damage.

[0005] 2) The wheel installation method using oil injection and press-fitting lacks a way to control the wheel's ending position on the axle. Stopping the wheel installation too early can easily create a gap between the non-tooth side seal ring and the wheel, causing the axle box clearance to increase after the wheelset has been running for a period of time. Stopping the wheel installation too late can easily interfere with the already adjusted axle box clearance, causing the axle box clearance to be less than the given value, resulting in rework and secondary adjustment, and in severe cases, it may damage the axle box.

[0006] 3) Assembling the wheel rim and wheel onto the wheel using a hot-fitting method differs from the definition of hot-fitting in railway standards. Railway standards only specify two forms of hot-fitting components: integral wheels and wheel hubs, excluding wheel rims and wheels.

[0007] 4) The process of machining the wheelset tread as a whole on a wheel lathe has been changed to machining the wheel rim or the entire wheel piece individually and then assembling it. The dimensional chain is different from the original dimensional chain. There are more parts installed on the axle, the dimensional chain is longer, and without optimized dimensional control, the cumulative error will increase the probability of the finished wheelset being out of tolerance. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an assembly fixture, assembly method, and wheelset device that can eliminate all accumulated errors during axle box assembly, prevent the cumulative errors from being passed down, ensure that the wheel position difference meets the iron standard requirements, and eliminate the need for repeated assembly, thereby reducing the assembly workload and improving assembly efficiency.

[0009] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] An assembly fixture for a wheelset assembly includes:

[0011] A non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture includes a sleeve, a hydraulic cylinder, and a pressure cap. The bottom of the sleeve has an opening, and the inner side wall of the sleeve is provided with a limit protrusion. The pressure cap is disposed inside the sleeve, and the hydraulic cylinder is disposed at the top of the sleeve, with the drive end of the hydraulic cylinder connected to the pressure cap.

[0012] A measuring fixture for a non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly includes a dial indicator, a fixture, a dummy shaft, a support ring, an adjusting foot, and a standard block. The dial indicator is mounted on the fixture, the dummy shaft is located inside the support ring, and the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly can be fitted onto the dummy shaft and supported by the support ring. The adjusting foot is located on the bottom surface of the fixture and can adjust its length extending beyond the fixture. The standard block includes a first stepped surface and a second stepped surface. The adjusting foot and the dial indicator respectively abut against the first stepped surface and the second stepped surface, or the adjusting foot and the dial indicator respectively abut against the top surface of the support ring and the top surface of the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly.

[0013] A method for assembling a wheelset assembly, using the assembly fixture of the wheelset assembly as described above, includes:

[0014] The driven gear, the tooth flank bearing assembly, and the axle housing are sequentially assembled onto the axle;

[0015] Place lead wires at at least three positions on the non-tooth side end face of the axle box, put the sleeve of the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture on the outside of the axle, and make the end face of the open end of the sleeve abut against the lead wires, and fix the cover to the end of the axle. Then control the hydraulic cylinder to start, so that the sleeve moves down until the limit protrusion abuts against the axle dust cover. At this time, the lead wires are squeezed and deformed by the sleeve.

[0016] Remove the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture and lead wire, and measure the thickness H1 of the lead wire;

[0017] The difference between the measured value and the theoretical value of the distance between the first and second step surfaces of the standard block is denoted as H2;

[0018] The adjusting foot and dial indicator in the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture are respectively abutted against the first and second step surfaces of the standard block; then the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly is fitted onto the dummy shaft and the bearing housing is supported on the support ring. The adjusting foot and dial indicator in the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture are then abutted against the top surface of the support ring and the non-tooth side oil retainer ring, and the negative reading of the dial indicator is recorded as H3.

[0019] Calculate the thickness of the adjusting shim H = H1 - H2 - H3 - H4, where H4 is the preset clearance of the bearing box;

[0020] Select and install the adjustment shim according to the thickness H;

[0021] The non-tooth side bearing housing assembly, the non-tooth side wheel, and the tooth side wheel are sequentially assembled onto the axle.

[0022] Preferably, the toothed bearing assembly includes a toothed oil baffle ring, a toothed bearing, and a toothed end cap. When assembling the toothed bearing assembly onto the axle, the toothed oil baffle ring, the toothed bearing, and the toothed end cap are assembled in sequence.

[0023] Preferably, the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly includes a bearing housing, a non-tooth side bearing, a non-tooth side end cover, and a non-tooth side oil baffle. When assembling the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly onto the axle, the bearing housing, the non-tooth side bearing, the non-tooth side end cover, and the non-tooth side oil baffle are assembled in sequence.

[0024] Preferably, the non-tooth side wheel is assembled onto the axle using an oil injection press-fit process, specifically as follows:

[0025] Oil is injected at a preset radial injection pressure, and the non-tooth side wheel is axially fed at a first speed. When the inner side of the hub of the non-tooth side wheel is a preset distance away from the non-tooth side oil baffle ring of the non-tooth side bearing box assembly, the axial feeding is stopped. Then, the non-tooth side wheel is axially fed at a second speed. When the axial pressure is detected to rise to a preset pressure, the pressing is stopped.

[0026] The second speed is less than the first speed.

[0027] Preferably, the preset radial injection pressure is 147 MPa.

[0028] Preferably, the first speed is 2 mm / s-2.5 mm / s, and the second speed is 0.5 mm / s-0.8 mm / s.

[0029] Preferably, the preset distance is 1mm-2mm.

[0030] Preferably, the preset pressure is 60KN-90KN.

[0031] A wheelset assembly is assembled using any of the above-described wheelset assembly methods.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0033] This invention provides a wheelset assembly fixture and assembly method that can predict the thickness of the adjusting shim before assembling the non-tooth side wheel, thereby eliminating all accumulated errors during axle box assembly, preventing the cumulative errors from being passed down, ensuring that the wheel position difference meets the iron standard requirements, and eliminating the need for repeated assembly, reducing the assembly workload and improving assembly efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the wheelset device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensional chain of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensional chain of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the assembly process of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the non-toothed wheel positioning fixture used in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly tooling measurement standard block involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring tool used in the embodiments of the present invention for measuring the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensional chain of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensional chain of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensional chain of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensional chain of the wheelset device involved in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0048] In the picture:

[0049] 11. Axle; 111. Axle dust cover; 12. Driven gear; 13. Tooth-side wheel; 14. Non-tooth-side wheel; 15. Axle housing; 161. Tooth-side oil retainer ring; 162. Tooth-side bearing; 163. Tooth-side end cover; 171. Bearing housing; 172. Non-tooth-side bearing; 173. Non-tooth-side end cover; 174. Non-tooth-side oil retainer ring; 18. Adjusting shim;

[0050] 21. Sleeve; 211. Limiting protrusion; 22. Pressure cap; 23. Hydraulic cylinder;

[0051] 30. Lead wire;

[0052] 41. Dial indicator holder; 411. Adjusting foot; 42. Dial indicator; 43. Dummy shaft; 44. Support ring; 45. Standard block; 451. First step surface; 452. Second step surface. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0054] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0055] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0056] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0057] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, the wheelset assembly includes an axle 11, a driven gear 12, a toothed wheel 13, a toothed bearing assembly, a non-toothed wheel 14, a non-toothed bearing housing assembly, and an axle housing 15. The driven gear 12, the toothed wheel 13, and the non-toothed wheel 14 are all interference-fitted to the axle 11. The toothed wheel 13 and the driven gear 12 are located at one end of the axle 11, and the non-toothed wheel 14 is located at the other end of the axle 11. The axle housing 15 is mounted on the axle 11 and is located between the driven gear 12 and the non-toothed wheel 14. The axle housing 15 provides an installation interface for the traction motor. A toothed bearing assembly is provided between the end of the axle housing 15 near the driven gear 12 and the axle 11, and a non-toothed bearing housing assembly is provided between the end of the axle housing 15 near the non-toothed wheel 14 and the axle 11. Specifically, the toothed bearing assembly includes a toothed bearing 162, a toothed end cover 163, and a toothed oil retainer ring 161; this is prior art and will not be described in detail. The non-toothed bearing housing assembly includes a bearing housing 171, a non-toothed bearing 172, a non-toothed end cover 173, and a non-toothed oil retainer ring 174; this is prior art and will not be described in detail. An adjusting shim 18 is provided between the end of the bearing housing 15 and the bearing housing 171 of the non-toothed bearing housing assembly.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, for simplified understanding, the dimensions of the toothed oil baffle 161, toothed bearing 162, axle box 15, non-toothed bearing 172, non-toothed oil baffle 174, and adjusting shim 18 of the internal dimension chain of the axle box 15 assembly are combined into the assembly dimensions of the axle box 15. For example... Figure 6 As shown, according to the wheelset assembly process, the driven gear 12 is assembled first, then the axle housing 15 is assembled (the part within the dotted box in the figure), and then the non-tooth side wheel 14 is assembled. Because the thickness of the adjusting shim 18 in the axle housing 15 assembly cannot be predicted and can only be replaced by an empirically fixed value, the accumulated error is not eliminated in the axle housing 15 assembly and continues to accumulate downwards, such as... Figure 5 As shown, in the closed-loop dimensional chain: ① dimension from driven gear 12 to axle dust cover 111 - ② assembly dimension of axle housing 15 - ③ dimension from the inner side of non-toothed wheel 14 to the inner side of the hub - ④ wheel position 2 dimension - ⑤ axle dust cover 111 spacing, ① and ② have been assembled, and ③ and ⑤ are machining dimensions, which have also been completed. Therefore, the cumulative error is transferred to the ④ wheel position 2 dimension. (Refer to...) Figure 5 and Figure 6 If the assembly process continues downwards, i.e., the toothed wheel 13 is assembled, in the closed-loop dimensional chain: ④ wheel position 2 dimension - ⑥ wheelset inner distance - ⑦ wheel position 1 dimension - ⑤ axle dustproof seat 111 spacing, ④ and ⑥ have been assembled, and ⑤ is the machining dimension that has also been completed. The accumulated error will be transmitted to the ⑦ wheel position 1 dimension. Finally, the wheel position difference (|wheel position 1 - wheel position 2|) accumulates the errors of all parts on the axle, which can easily fail to meet the requirements of railway standards.

[0059] The key to solving this problem is to prevent the cumulative errors in the axle box 15 assembly from propagating downwards. This involves predicting the thickness of the adjusting shim 18 during the axle box 15 assembly before assembling the non-tooth side wheel 14, thus eliminating all cumulative errors during the axle box 15 assembly. (Refer to...) Figure 5 In the closed dimension chain: ① the dimension from the driven gear 12 to the axle dust cover 111 - ② the assembly dimension of the axle box 15 - ⑧ the dimension from the inner side of the non-tooth side wheel 14 to the axle dust cover 111 - ⑤ the distance between the axle dust cover 111, the assembly dimension of the axle box 15 is controlled before the non-tooth side wheel 14 is installed. Dimensions ①, ⑤, and ⑧ are determined in advance to achieve the purpose of transferring the closed loop of the dimension chain to the axle box 15 assembly adjustment pad 18.

[0060] To achieve the above objectives, embodiments of the present invention provide an assembly fixture for a wheelset device, including a non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture and a non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture, wherein, as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the non-toothed side wheel positioning fixture includes a sleeve 21, a hydraulic cylinder 23, and a pressure cap 22. The bottom of the sleeve 21 has an opening, and the inner wall of the sleeve 21 is provided with a limiting protrusion 211. The pressure cap 22 is located inside the sleeve 21, and the hydraulic cylinder 23 is located at the top of the sleeve 21, with the drive end of the hydraulic cylinder 23 connected to the pressure cap 22. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the measuring fixture for the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly includes a dial indicator 42, a fixture 41, a dummy shaft 43, a support ring 44, an adjusting foot 411, and a standard block 45. The dial indicator 42 is mounted on the fixture 41, the dummy shaft 43 is mounted inside the support ring 44, and the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly can be fitted onto the dummy shaft 43 and supported by the support ring 44. The adjusting foot 411 is mounted on the bottom surface of the fixture 41 and can adjust the length extending out of the fixture 41. The standard block 45 includes a first stepped surface 451 and a second stepped surface 452. The adjusting foot 411 and the dial indicator 42 respectively abut against the top surface of the support ring 44 and the top surface of the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly, or the adjusting foot 411 and the dial indicator 42 respectively abut against the first stepped surface 451 and the second stepped surface 452. By using this assembly fixture to assemble the wheelset assembly, the thickness of the adjusting shim 18 can be predicted before assembling the non-tooth side wheel 14, thereby eliminating all accumulated errors during the assembly of the axle box 15, preventing the accumulated errors from being passed down, and ensuring that the wheel position difference meets the iron standard requirements.

[0061] Reference Figures 6 to 10 The present invention also provides an assembly method for a wheelset assembly, using the above-described wheelset assembly fixture. The assembly method for the wheelset assembly includes:

[0062] The driven gear 12 is assembled onto the axle 11;

[0063] The toothed bearing assembly is assembled onto the axle 11. Specifically, the toothed bearing assembly includes a toothed oil baffle 161, a toothed bearing 162, and a toothed end cap 163. When assembling the toothed bearing assembly onto the axle 11, the toothed oil baffle 161, the toothed bearing 162, and the toothed end cap 163 are assembled in sequence.

[0064] Mount the axle box 15 onto the axle 11;

[0065] At least three positions are placed on the non-tooth side end face of the axle housing 15 with lead wire 30. Then, the sleeve 21 of the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture is placed on the outside of the axle 11, and the open end face of the sleeve 21 abuts against the lead wire 30. The pressure cap 22 is fixedly connected to the end of the axle 11. Then, the hydraulic cylinder 23 is activated, causing the sleeve 21 to move down until the limiting protrusion 211 abuts against the axle dust cover 111. At this time, the lead wire 30 is deformed by the sleeve 21. Refer to... Figure 7 and Figure 8 ;

[0066] Remove the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture and lead wire 30, and measure the thickness H1 of lead wire 30; specifically, a micrometer can be used to measure the thickness of lead wire 30.

[0067] The difference between the measured value and the theoretical value of the distance between the first step surface 451 and the second step surface 452 of the standard block 45 is denoted as H2; specifically, the measured value of the standard block 45 is obtained by a dedicated measuring device.

[0068] Reference Figure 9 The adjusting foot 411 and dial indicator 42 in the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture are respectively abutted against the first step surface 451 and the second step surface 452 of the standard block 45; refer to Figure 10 Then, the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly is fitted onto the dummy shaft 43, and the bearing housing 171 is supported on the support ring 44. The adjusting foot 411 and the dial indicator 42 in the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture are then abutted against the top surface of the support ring 44 and the non-tooth side oil retainer ring 174, respectively. The negative reading of the dial indicator 42 is recorded as H3, where H3 is the difference between the measured value of the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly and the measured value of the standard block 45.

[0069] Calculate the thickness H of the adjusting shim 18 as H = H1 - H2 - H3 - H4, where H4 is the preset clearance of the bearing housing 15;

[0070] Select and install the adjustment shim 18 according to the thickness H;

[0071] The non-tooth side bearing housing assembly is assembled onto the axle 11. Specifically, the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly includes a bearing housing 171, a non-tooth side bearing 172, a non-tooth side end cover 173, and a non-tooth side oil baffle 174. When assembling the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly onto the axle 11, the bearing housing 171, the non-tooth side bearing 172, the non-tooth side end cover 173, and the non-tooth side oil baffle 174 are assembled in sequence.

[0072] The non-tooth side wheel 14 is mounted onto the axle 11;

[0073] The toothed wheel 13 is mounted onto the axle 11.

[0074] After adding a tooling control dimension chain, it should be ensured that the derived dimension chain meets the process requirements. The dimension chain analysis is as follows:

[0075] like Figure 11 As shown, the actual controlled dimensions of the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture are the dimensions from the axle dust cover 111 to the lower surface of the bearing housing 171 (refer to...). Figure 8 The dimensions of the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly are actual measured dimensions (obtainable from the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture). Therefore, the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture can indirectly control the dimensions from the inner surface of the non-tooth side wheel 14 to the axle dust cover 111. (Continue referring to...) Figure 11 The closed dimension chain is: dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the inner side of the hub - dimension of wheel position 2 - dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the axle dust cover 111 (indirect control dimension of the non-toothed wheel positioning fixture). In this closed dimension chain, considering the flatness and coaxiality tolerances in the assembly and manufacturing of the non-toothed wheel positioning fixture, the design control tolerance of the dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the axle dust cover 111 is ±0.02 (increasing ring), and the internal control tolerance of the dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the inner side of the hub is ±0.1 (reducing ring). The tolerance of the closed ring wheel position 2 dimension is calculated as (±0.02) + (±0.1) = ±0.12.

[0076] like Figure 12 As shown, the closed dimensional chain is: wheel position 1 dimension - wheelset inner distance - wheel position 2 dimension - axle dust cover 111 spacing. In this closed dimensional chain, the internal control tolerance of the axle dust cover 111 spacing is ±0.3 (increasing loop), the tolerance of wheel position 2 dimension is ±0.12 (reducing loop), and the internal control tolerance of the wheelset inner distance is ±0.4 (reducing loop). The tolerance of the closed loop wheel position 1 dimension is calculated as (±0.3) + (±0.12) + (±0.4) = ±0.82. Therefore, the wheel position difference = |wheel position 1| + |wheel position 2| = |±0.82| + |±0.12| = 0.94 < 1, which meets the requirements of the iron standard.

[0077] It's important to note that a dimensional chain is a closed loop formed by a series of interconnected dimensions. Each specific dimension in the chain is a component loop. The dimension that is ultimately indirectly guaranteed is the closing loop, which is naturally formed by the other dimensions. An increasing loop means that, in a dimensional chain, increasing the dimension of the increasing loop will also increase the size of the closing loop, while increasing the dimension of the decreasing loop means that, in a dimensional chain, increasing the dimension of the decreasing loop will lead to a decrease in the size of the closing loop, while keeping the other component loops constant.

[0078] The assembly method of the wheelset device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can predict the thickness of the adjusting shim 18 before assembling the non-tooth side wheel 14, thereby eliminating all accumulated errors during the assembly of the axle box 15, avoiding the downward transmission of accumulated errors, and by decomposing and merging the closed dimension chain of the wheelset device, identifying the dimensions that need to be supplemented for control, thereby ensuring that the wheel position difference meets the iron standard requirements, and eliminating the need for repeated assembly, reducing the assembly workload and improving the assembly efficiency.

[0079] Furthermore, when assembling the non-tooth side wheel 14 onto the axle 11, an oil injection press assembly process is adopted. The core principle of the oil injection press assembly process is to use high-pressure oil to eliminate the frictional resistance in the interference fit, thereby achieving smooth and controllable assembly. Specifically, the diameter of the wheel hub bore is slightly smaller than the diameter of the wheel seat of axle 11. Tiny oil grooves and oil holes are machined on the hub bore or the wheel seat of axle 11. High-pressure oil is injected into the mating surfaces through an oil injection system. The high-pressure oil penetrates between the two metal surfaces, forming a strong oil film. This oil film causes the hub bore to undergo slight elastic deformation, temporarily increasing the bore diameter. It also forms an oil film between the hub and axle 11, completely separating them from metal-to-metal contact. With the high-pressure oil film maintained, only a small axial thrust is needed to push the wheel to the designed position of axle 11, because the main frictional resistance has been eliminated by the oil film. When the wheel reaches the designated position, the axial thrust is released first, and then the oil pressure is slowly released. The high-pressure oil is discharged from the oil groove, and the hub bore elastically contracts, restoring its designed interference fit with axle 11, forming a tight fit.

[0080] The oil injection press-fit process supports the workflow of machining wheel rims or integral wheels first, and then injecting oil for press-fitting. This avoids the problem of needing to adjust the clearance a second time after the axle box 15 is assembled, and also eliminates the risk of damage to the axle box 15 due to excessive pressing pressure on the wheelset. This not only shortens the production time of wheelset press-fitting and improves production efficiency, but also further improves the appearance quality of the product.

[0081] In this embodiment, oil is injected at a preset radial injection pressure, and the non-toothed wheel 14 is axially fed at a first speed. The axial feeding stops when the inner surface of the hub of the non-toothed wheel 14 is a preset distance from the non-toothed oil baffle ring 174 of the non-toothed bearing housing assembly. Then, the non-toothed wheel 14 is axially fed at a second speed. Pressing stops when a preset pressure increase in axial pressure is detected. The second speed is less than the first speed. This method avoids the risk of gaps between the non-toothed wheel 14 and the non-toothed oil baffle ring 174 or excessive pressure on the bearing housing 15.

[0082] In this embodiment, the preset radial oil injection pressure is 147 MPa. The first speed is 2 mm / s-2.5 mm / s, for example, it can be 2 mm / s, 2.1 mm / s, 2.2 mm / s, 2.3 mm / s, 2.4 mm / s, or 2.5 mm / s, determined according to the actual situation; the second speed is 0.5 mm / s-0.8 mm / s, for example, it can be 0.5 mm / s, 0.6 mm / s, 0.7 mm / s, or 0.5 mm / s, determined according to the actual situation. The preset distance is 1 mm-2 mm. The increased preset pressure should not exceed the minimum static friction force between the non-tooth side bearing 172 and the non-tooth side oil retainer ring 174 and the axle 11. The preset pressure is 60 KN-90 KN, for example, it can be 60 KN, 65 KN, 70 KN, 75 KN, 80 KN, 85 KN, or 90 KN, determined according to the actual situation. The above oil injection press-fit process parameters all meet the iron standard requirements.

[0083] Furthermore, after the pressing is stopped, the fit between the inner side of the hub of the non-tooth side wheel 14 and the non-tooth side oil baffle ring 174 is checked with a feeler gauge. If no gap with a total length greater than 1 / 6 of a circle (0.02 mm) is detected, it is considered qualified.

[0084] The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0085] According to the assembly process of the wheelset assembly, the driven gear 12, the tooth side oil baffle ring 161, the tooth side bearing 162, the tooth side end cover 163 and the axle box 15 are assembled onto the axle 11 in sequence.

[0086] The thickness H1 of 30mm lead wire was measured using a non-toothed side wheel positioning fixture. (For example...) Figure 13 As shown, the assembly dimension chain of the axle housing 15 is as follows: driven gear 12 to axle dust cover 111 dimension (398.5±0.5 reduction ring) - tooth flank oil retainer 161 dimension (32±0.1 reduction ring) - tooth flank bearing 162 dimension ( (Reducing ring) - Tooth flank bearing 162 hole depth (55.65±0.1 increasing ring) - Axle housing 15 dimensions (1080±0.2 reducing ring) - Lead wire 30 thickness (closing ring) - Axle dust cover 111 to bearing housing 171 lower surface dimensions (278±0.02 reducing ring) - Axle dust cover 111 spacing (1796±0.3 increasing ring), Closing ring lead wire 30 thickness = 1796 (increasing) - 398.5 (reducing) - 32 (reducing) - 57.15 (reducing) + 55.65 (increasing) - 1080 (reducing) - 278 (reducing) = 6, Closing ring thickness The upper limit deviation ES0 = (sum of upper limit deviations of the increasing loop - sum of lower limit deviations of the decreasing loop) = (+0.3 + 0.1) - (-0.5 - 0.1 - 0.25 - 0.2 - 0.02) = 0.4 + 1.07 = +1.47. The lower limit deviation EI0 of the closed loop = (sum of lower limit deviations of the increasing loop - sum of upper limit deviations of the decreasing loop) = (-0.3 - 0.1) - (+0.5 + 0.1 + 0.35 + 0.2 + 0.02) = -0.4 - 1.17 = -1.57. Therefore, the theoretical value of the thickness H1 of the 30 lead wire in the closed loop is... The thickness of the lead wire (30mm) was measured using a non-toothed wheel positioning fixture and found to be within the theoretical range. It should be noted that all dimensions are in mm.

[0087] The theoretical value of the distance between the first step surface 451 and the second step surface 452 of standard block 45 (hereinafter referred to as the theoretical value of standard block 45) is 50.5 mm. The measured value of the distance between the first step surface 451 and the second step surface 452 of standard block 45 (hereinafter referred to as the measured value of standard block 45) is obtained by a dedicated measuring device. Calculate the difference H2 between the measured value and the theoretical value of standard block 45: H2 = (measured value of standard block 45 - 50.5). It should be noted that all dimensions mentioned above are in mm.

[0088] The difference H3 between the measured value of the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly and the measured value of the standard block 45 is measured using a non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture. For example... Figure 14 As shown, the measurement dimensional chain for the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly is: bearing housing 171 dimension (32±0.1 reduction ring) - non-tooth side bearing 172 dimension ( Incremental ring) - Dimension of the non-tooth-side oil baffle 174 (43.5 ± 0.1 incremental ring) - Dimension of the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly (closed ring). Dimension of the closed-ring non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly = 43.5 (increase) + 39 (increase) - 32 (decrease) = 50.5. Upper limit deviation ES0 of the closed ring = (Sum of upper limit deviations of incremental rings - Sum of lower limit deviations of decremental rings) = (0.1 + 0.35) - (-0.1) = 0.45 + 0.1 = +0.55. Lower limit deviation EI0 of the closed ring = (Sum of lower limit deviations of incremental rings - Sum of upper limit deviations of decremental rings) = (-0.1 - 0.25) - 0.1 = -0.35 - 0.1 = -0.45. Therefore, the theoretical value of the dimension of the closed-ring non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly is , and the theoretical value of the difference H3 between the measured value of the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly and the measured value of the standard block 45 = ( - Measured value of the standard block 45). The difference between the measured value of the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly measured by the measuring tool for the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly and the measured value of the standard block 45 is within this theoretical value range. It should be noted that the above dimension unit is mm.

[0089] In addition, the preset clearance H4 of the bearing housing 15 = . It should be noted that the above dimension unit is mm.

[0090] Calculate the thickness H of the adjusting pad 18 = H1 - H2 - H3 - H4 = H1 - (Measured value of the standard block 45 - 50.5) - ( - Measured value of the standard block 45) = H1 - ( - 50.5) - H4 = - - = . It should be noted that the above dimension unit is mm.

[0091] Select and install the adjusting pad 18 according to the thickness H.

[0092] Assemble the non-tooth-side wheel 14 using the oil injection and pressing process. Inject oil with a radial oil injection pressure of 147 MPa, and control the axial feed of the non-tooth-side wheel 14 at a speed of 2.5 mm / s. When the inner side surface of the hub of the non-tooth-side wheel 14 is 1 mm - 2 mm away from the non-tooth-side oil baffle 174 of the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly, stop the axial feed; then change to a speed of 0.5 mm / s to control the axial feed of the non-tooth-side wheel 14, and stop the pressing when the axial pressure is detected to increase by 60 KN.

[0093] Check the fitting degree between the inner side surface of the hub of the non-tooth-side wheel 14 and the non-tooth-side oil baffle 174 using a feeler gauge. If no gap with a total length greater than 0.02 mm for 1 / 6 turn is detected, it is qualified.

[0094] Combination Figure 11 and Figure 13 Because the non-toothed wheel positioning fixture indirectly controls the dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the axle dust cover 111 to be 227±0.02, when machining the non-toothed wheel 14 using a CNC vertical lathe, the internally controlled dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the inner side of the hub is 6±0.1. In the closed dimension chain: dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the axle dust cover 111 (increasing ring) - dimension from the inner side of the non-toothed wheel 14 to the inner side of the hub (reducing ring) - wheel position 2 dimension, the calculated closed ring wheel position 2 dimension should be 221.5±0.12. It should be noted that all the above dimensions are in mm.

[0095] Using a wheelset press-fitting machine and a wheelset inner side distance gauge to press-fit the toothed side wheel 13, with an inner control wheelset inner side distance of 1353±0.4, the requirements of wheelset inner side distance of 1353±1 and wheel position difference ≤1 can be met. It should be noted that all the above dimensions are in mm.

[0096] This invention also provides a wheelset device, which is assembled using the above-described wheelset device assembly method.

[0097] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will be able to make various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An assembly fixture for a wheelset assembly, characterized in that, include: A non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture includes a sleeve (21), a hydraulic cylinder (23), and a pressure cap (22). The bottom of the sleeve (21) is open, and the inner side wall of the sleeve (21) is provided with a limiting protrusion (211). The pressure cap (22) is located inside the sleeve (21), and the hydraulic cylinder (23) is located on the top of the sleeve (21). The driving end of the hydraulic cylinder (23) is connected to the pressure cap (22). A measuring fixture for a non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly includes a dial indicator (42), a fixture (41), a dummy shaft (43), a support ring (44), an adjusting foot (411), and a standard block (45). The dial indicator (42) is mounted on the fixture (41), the dummy shaft (43) is mounted inside the support ring (44), and the non-tooth-side bearing housing assembly can be fitted onto the dummy shaft (43) and supported by the support ring (44). The adjusting foot (411) is mounted on the fixture (45). The bottom surface of the standard block (41) is adjustable and the length of the extension of the standard block (41) is adjustable. The standard block (45) includes a first step surface (451) and a second step surface (452). The adjusting foot (411) and the dial indicator (42) abut against the first step surface (451) and the second step surface (452) respectively, or the adjusting foot (411) and the dial indicator (42) abut against the top surface of the support ring (44) and the top surface of the non-tooth side bearing box assembly respectively.

2. A method for assembling a wheelset assembly, characterized in that, The assembly fixture for the wheelset assembly as described in claim 1 includes: The driven gear (12), the tooth side bearing assembly and the axle housing (15) are sequentially assembled onto the axle (11); Place lead wires (30) at at least three positions on the non-tooth side end face of the axle box (15), put the sleeve (21) of the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture on the outside of the axle (11), and make the end face of the open end of the sleeve (21) abut against the lead wires (30), and fix the pressure cap (22) to the end of the axle (11). Then control the hydraulic cylinder (23) to start, so that the sleeve (21) moves down until the limiting protrusion (211) abuts against the axle dust cover (111). At this time, the lead wires (30) are squeezed and deformed by the sleeve (21). Remove the non-tooth side wheel positioning fixture and lead wire (30), and measure the thickness H1 of the lead wire (30); The difference between the measured value and the theoretical value of the distance between the first step surface (451) and the second step surface (452) of the standard block (45) is denoted as H2; The adjusting foot (411) and dial indicator (42) in the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture are respectively abutted against the first step surface (451) and the second step surface (452) of the standard block (45); then the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly is fitted onto the dummy shaft (43), and the bearing housing (171) is supported on the support ring (44). The adjusting foot (411) and dial indicator (42) in the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly measuring fixture are respectively abutted against the top surface of the support ring (44) and the non-tooth side oil retainer (174). The negative reading of the dial indicator (42) is recorded as H3. Calculate the thickness H of the adjusting shim (18) = H1 - H2 - H3 - H4, where H4 is the preset clearance of the bearing box (15); Select and install the adjustment shim (18) according to the thickness H. The non-tooth side bearing housing assembly, the non-tooth side wheel (14), and the tooth side wheel (13) are sequentially assembled onto the axle (11).

3. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The toothed bearing assembly includes a toothed oil baffle (161), a toothed bearing (162), and a toothed end cap (163). When the toothed bearing assembly is assembled onto the axle (11), the toothed oil baffle (161), the toothed bearing (162), and the toothed end cap (163) are assembled in sequence.

4. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The non-tooth side bearing housing assembly includes a bearing housing (171), a non-tooth side bearing (172), a non-tooth side end cap (173), and a non-tooth side oil baffle (174). When the non-tooth side bearing housing assembly is assembled onto the axle (11), the bearing housing (171), the non-tooth side bearing (172), the non-tooth side end cap (173), and the non-tooth side oil baffle (174) are assembled in sequence.

5. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The non-tooth side wheel (14) is assembled onto the axle (11) using an oil injection press-fit process, specifically as follows: Oil is injected at a preset radial injection pressure, and the non-tooth side wheel (14) is axially fed at a first speed. When the inner side of the hub of the non-tooth side wheel (14) is a preset distance away from the non-tooth side oil baffle ring (174) of the non-tooth side bearing box assembly, the axial feeding is stopped. Then, the non-tooth side wheel (14) is axially fed at a second speed. When the axial pressure is detected to rise to a preset pressure, the pressing is stopped. The second speed is less than the first speed.

6. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset radial oil injection pressure is 147 MPa.

7. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first velocity is 2 mm / s-2.5 mm / s, and the second velocity is 0.5 mm / s-0.8 mm / s.

8. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset distance is 1mm-2mm.

9. The assembly method of the wheelset device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The preset pressure is 60KN-90KN.

10. A wheelset device, characterized in that, It is assembled using the assembly method of any one of claims 2-9.

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