Intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection
By integrating high-sensitivity sensors and optimizing the air duct structure through intelligent linkage devices, the problem of insufficient intelligence in vehicle-mounted PM2.5 control has been solved, enabling real-time air quality monitoring and automatic adjustment, reducing health risks and energy waste.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing vehicle-mounted PM2.5 control measures lack sufficient intelligence and cannot detect PM2.5 concentration in real time, resulting in a lack of coordination between air conditioners and air purifiers, leading to energy waste and health risks.
Design an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection, integrating a high-sensitivity sensor and air duct structure to achieve real-time air quality monitoring and automatic control, with intelligent linkage reminder function. The air duct design reduces wind resistance and noise, ensuring accurate detection and stable operation.
It enables real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment of in-vehicle air quality, reducing health risks, improving driving comfort and energy efficiency, and especially protecting the health of vulnerable groups.
Smart Images
Figure CN121756834A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of intelligent linkage technology, specifically to an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous growth in car ownership, the time that drivers and passengers spend inside vehicles is increasing year by year. As a relatively enclosed mobile space, the air quality inside the vehicle is directly related to the health of drivers and passengers. Due to its small particle size, PM2.5 can remain suspended in the confined space of a vehicle for a long time and is easily inhaled by drivers and passengers. Long-term exposure can cause respiratory discomfort, dizziness, fatigue, and other symptoms. The harm is particularly prominent for commuters who travel frequently, children, and the elderly.
[0003] Current in-vehicle PM2.5 control methods mainly rely on two parts: First, the original air conditioning filtration system in the car. Most models are equipped with ordinary filter paper, which has low filtration efficiency for PM2.5 and cannot detect PM2.5 concentration in real time. It can only be adjusted by manually turning on the internal / external circulation mode and cannot automatically adapt to the pollution level. Second, aftermarket in-vehicle air purifiers. These devices mostly work independently and require manual operation and adjustment of the speed. They lack linkage with the original car air conditioning system and are prone to problems such as "the purifier does not start in time when pollution is introduced by the air conditioning external circulation" and "the purifier runs continuously at high speed, resulting in energy waste".
[0004] The aforementioned vehicle-mounted intelligent linkage device has many compatibility defects during use, mainly due to insufficient intelligence. Drivers and passengers cannot predict the air quality in the vehicle in advance, nor can they flexibly adjust the control strategy according to their own needs. Therefore, we propose an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection. Summary of the Invention
[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection, which solves the problem of insufficient intelligence.
[0006] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection, comprising a lower housing and a PCBA assembly disposed within the lower housing. The PCBA assembly has an upper housing on the side opposite to the lower housing, and the upper housing and the lower housing are fixedly assembled to form a sealed cavity. A fan mounting shell is integrally formed on the side of the upper housing opposite to the lower housing. An air inlet slot is formed on the side of the PCBA assembly opposite to the lower housing. An air inlet adapted to the air inlet slot is formed on the fan mounting shell at a position corresponding to the air inlet slot. A circular air duct cavity and a long air duct cavity are integrally formed on the inner wall of the lower housing facing the air inlet slot, and the circular air duct cavity and the long air duct cavity are connected.
[0007] Preferably, the orientation and cross-sectional shape of the circular cavity and the long cavity of the air duct are adapted to the size of the PM2.5 sensor and the arrangement of the fan and the laser sensor.
[0008] Preferably, a second metal shield is fixedly installed on the side of the PCBA assembly facing the inner wall of the lower housing, and the second metal shield is placed inside the lower housing and positioned in close contact with the inner wall of the lower housing.
[0009] Preferably, a metal shield is fixedly installed on the side of the PCBA assembly away from the lower housing, and the metal shield is placed in the cavity of the upper housing and does not interfere with the inner wall of the upper housing.
[0010] Preferably, the fan mounting housing has a sealing cover on the side away from the PCBA assembly, and the fan mounting housing has a sealing cover groove adapted to the sealing cover on the side facing the sealing cover. The sealing cover has an integrally formed elastic fastener on the side facing the sealing cover groove, and the elastic fastener is embedded in the sealing cover groove and detachably snapped into the sealing cover groove.
[0011] Preferably, a filter screen is fitted on the side of the sealing cover facing the fan mounting housing, and a filter screen groove adapted to the filter screen is opened on the side of the sealing cover groove facing the filter screen, and three sets of air outlet holes are sequentially opened on the filter screen groove along the length direction.
[0012] Preferably, the PCBA assembly has a circuit cavity fixedly installed on one side perpendicular to the metal shielding cover. The circuit cavity is installed through the lower housing on the side facing the lower housing, and the lower housing has a circuit port adapted to the circuit cavity on the side corresponding to the circuit cavity.
[0013] Preferably, the upper housing has four sets of mating posts integrally formed on the side facing the lower housing, located at the four corners, and each mating post extends through the PCBA assembly into the lower housing. The lower housing has threaded holes at corresponding positions, and self-tapping screws adapted to the mating posts are screwed into the threaded holes. The upper housing, PCBA assembly and lower housing are fixedly assembled through the cooperation of the self-tapping screws and the mating posts.
[0014] Preferably, the lower housing has an integrally formed mounting block on the outer wall opposite to the air duct cavity, and the fan mounting housing has an integrally formed snap-fit block on the outer wall opposite to the air inlet.
[0015] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: In this invention, a PCBA assembly is installed inside the lower housing. This assembly integrates a laser sensor with higher detection accuracy and simultaneously optimizes the anti-interference design: by setting up a light-shielding wall structure to block stray light interference, it ensures that the laser beam and the light-shielding wall always maintain a stable detection angle, improving the accuracy of monitoring data. At the same time, a high-sensitivity sensor collects the PM2.5 concentration inside the vehicle in real time, allowing passengers to intuitively understand the air quality. This design is particularly important for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and patients with respiratory diseases, effectively protecting their health during travel.
[0016] In addition, multiple electronic components on the PCBA assembly have intelligent linkage reminder functions. In scenarios where PM2.5 levels are likely to exceed the standard, such as smoggy days or congested roads, reminders can be automatically triggered to prompt drivers and passengers to close the windows or turn on the air conditioning recirculation mode, effectively reducing the amount of inhalable particulate matter entering the cabin and lowering the risk of health damage.
[0017] The device employs an assembly structure where the lower and upper housings are joined vertically. The fan assembly can be mounted on the side of the upper housing facing the PCBA components. The circular and elongated air duct cavities inside the lower housing are precisely designed and their cross-sectional shapes are adapted to the size of the PM2.5 sensor and the placement of the fan and laser sensor. During the design process, the air duct routing avoids excessively large angles to reduce wind resistance; sharp corners and protruding structures are eliminated inside the air duct to avoid generating swirling airflow and noise; at the same time, the uniform cross-sectional dimensions of the air duct are ensured to prevent abrupt changes. Through the above design, the air duct possesses the core advantages of low wind resistance, uniform airflow, and low noise, ensuring the stability of the device's operation and the comfort of the user. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom overall structure of an intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the upper housing, the fan mounting housing, and the sealing cover of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the circuit cavity, PCBA assembly, and fan component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the lower shell of the present invention.
[0019] In the diagram: 1. Lower housing; 101. Circular air duct cavity; 102. Long air duct cavity; 103. Circuit port; 104. Mounting fastener; 105. Self-tapping screw; 2. Upper housing; 201. Connecting post; 3. Fan mounting housing; 301. Air inlet; 302. Cover groove; 303. Filter groove; 304. Clip block; 4. Sealing cover; 401. Filter; 402. Elastic fastener; 5. Circuit cavity; 6. PCBA assembly; 601. Air inlet slot; 602. Metal shielding cover one; 603. Metal shielding cover two; 7. Fan components. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] refer to Figures 1-5 The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection shown includes a lower housing 1 and a PCBA assembly 6 disposed within the lower housing 1. A specific embodiment is shown below: Example
[0022] The PCBA component 6 has an upper housing 2 on the side opposite to the lower housing 1. The two are fixed together by fasteners to form a sealed cavity, which can effectively prevent dust and moisture from entering the vehicle and ensure the stable operation of the internal electronic components. The upper housing 2 has a fan mounting shell 3 integrally formed on the side opposite to the lower housing 1. The fan mounting shell 3 and the upper housing 2 are integrated into one structure, which improves the overall structural strength. The fan mounting cavity is reserved inside to accommodate the fan component.
[0023] A sealing cover 4 is detachably mounted on the side of the fan mounting housing 3 away from the PCBA assembly 6. A sealing cover groove 302 adapted to the sealing cover 4 is opened on the side of the fan mounting housing 3 facing the sealing cover 4. An elastic fastener 402 is integrally formed on the side of the sealing cover 4 facing the sealing cover groove 302. After the elastic fastener 402 is embedded in the sealing cover groove 302, the barb engages with the inner wall of the sealing cover groove to limit the position, so as to realize the quick and easy assembly and disassembly of the sealing cover, which facilitates the replacement of the filter screen later.
[0024] A filter screen 401 is detachably mounted on the side of the sealing cover 4 facing the fan mounting housing 3 via a slot. The filter screen 401 can effectively filter fine particulate matter such as PM2.5 in the air. A filter screen groove 303 is opened in the sealing cover groove 302 corresponding to the position of the filter screen 401. The filter screen groove 303 plays a positioning and limiting role for the filter screen, preventing the filter screen from shifting when the fan is working. Three sets of air outlet holes are evenly opened along the length of the filter screen groove 303. The air outlet holes are distributed in a matrix, which can make the airflow evenly discharged and reduce the noise of the air outlet. Example
[0025] A circuit cavity 5 is fixedly mounted on one side of the PCBA assembly 6, perpendicular to the metal shield 603, to prevent the wire harness from becoming tangled or damaged by external forces. The end of the circuit cavity 5 facing the lower housing 1 penetrates through the lower housing 1, and a circuit port 103 adapted to the circuit cavity 5 is provided on the lower housing 1 at the corresponding position. Four sets of docking posts 201 are integrally formed on the side of the upper housing 2 facing the lower housing 1, located at the four corners. Their axes are perpendicular to the end face of the upper housing 2. Each docking post 201 penetrates a pre-set mounting hole on the PCBA assembly 6 and extends into the lower housing 1. The length of the docking post 201 is adapted to the assembly thickness of the upper housing 2, PCBA assembly 6, and lower housing 1, providing precise positioning and ensuring assembly coaxiality. A threaded hole is provided on the lower housing 1 at the position corresponding to the docking post 201. A self-tapping screw 105 adapted to the docking post 201 is screwed into the threaded hole. Through the threaded engagement between the self-tapping screw 105 and the docking post 201, the upper housing 2, PCBA assembly 6 and lower housing 1 are stably fixed and assembled. The assembly structure is simple and disassembly is convenient.
[0026] The lower housing 1 has an integrally formed mounting buckle 104 on the outer side wall opposite to the air duct cavity 101, and the fan mounting housing 3 has an integrally formed set of snap-fit blocks 304 on the outer side wall opposite to the air inlet 301. The mounting buckle 104 and snap-fit blocks 304 can be adapted to the snap-fit structure of different installation points in the vehicle, so as to realize the quick snap-fit installation of the device without additional drilling, and adapt to the installation needs of various vehicle models. Example
[0027] The fan assembly can be bolted to the side of the upper housing 2 facing the PCBA assembly 6. A miniature DC brushless fan is recommended, featuring low power consumption, large airflow, and low noise, meeting the needs of in-vehicle use. The PCBA assembly 6 has an air inlet slot 601 on the side opposite to the lower housing 1. The size of the air inlet slot 601 matches the air inlet end of the fan assembly. An air inlet 301, corresponding to the air inlet slot 601, is provided on the fan mounting housing 3 to reduce airflow leakage. The inner wall of the lower housing 1 facing the air inlet slot 601 has an integrally formed air duct circular cavity 101 and an air duct elongated cavity 102. The air duct circular cavity 101 and the air duct elongated cavity 102 are integrally injection molded structures made of the same material as the lower housing. Their internal connections form a complete airflow channel, guiding the airflow generated by the fan assembly through the PM2.5 sensor detection area.
[0028] The orientation and cross-sectional shape of the circular cavity 101 and the long cavity 102 of the air duct are precisely designed to match the size of the PM2.5 sensor and the placement of the fan and laser sensor: the air duct adopts an arc transition design to avoid excessive corners and effectively reduce wind resistance; the inner wall of the air duct is smooth, without sharp corners or protruding structures, which can prevent the generation of vortex airflow and further reduce airflow noise; the cross-sectional dimensions of the air duct are uniform and consistent to avoid sudden expansion or contraction of the structure, ensuring stable and smooth airflow, making the airflow concentration in the PM2.5 sensor detection area uniform, and improving the accuracy of the detection data. Example
[0029] A metal shielding cover 603 is fixedly mounted on the side of PCBA component 6 facing the inner wall of the lower housing 1 by screws. The surface is galvanized, providing good electromagnetic shielding and corrosion resistance. The metal shielding cover 603 is housed within the lower housing 1 and is positioned flush with the inner wall of the lower housing 1, effectively shielding against electromagnetic interference generated by the vehicle engine, on-board electronic equipment, etc., ensuring the stable operation of the core control components on the PCBA component. A metal shielding cover 602 is fixedly mounted on the side of PCBA component 6 facing away from the lower housing 1. It is housed within the cavity of the upper housing 2 and does not interfere with the inner wall of the upper housing 2, further enhancing the overall electromagnetic shielding effect of the device and preventing mutual interference of electromagnetic signals generated by internal electronic components during operation.
[0030] The PCBA assembly 6 integrates a high-precision laser-type PM2.5 sensor. The sensor is fixed to a pre-defined point on the PCBA assembly via surface mounting, ensuring high assembly precision. Simultaneously, the light-shielding wall is perpendicular to the mounting plane of the laser sensor, ensuring a stable detection angle between the laser beam and the light-shielding wall, preventing decreased detection accuracy due to assembly deviations, and effectively improving the accuracy and stability of monitoring data. Subsequently, this high-sensitivity sensor collects PM2.5 concentration data in real time inside the vehicle. After processing by the control unit on the PCBA assembly, the data is displayed intuitively on the vehicle's in-vehicle display screen or the device's built-in display screen, allowing passengers to easily monitor air quality. This design is particularly important for vulnerable groups such as children, the elderly, and those with respiratory illnesses, helping them avoid polluted environments and effectively protecting their health while traveling.
[0031] Working principle of this invention: First, the device is quickly and securely fastened to the vehicle's mounting points using the mounting clips 104 on the outer side of the lower housing 1 and the snap-fit blocks 304 on the fan mounting housing 3, without requiring additional drilling and adaptable to various vehicle models. The upper housing 2 and lower housing 1 are positioned by four corner mating posts 201 and fastened with self-tapping screws 105 to form a sealed cavity, effectively preventing dust and moisture from entering the vehicle and providing a stable working environment for the internal components.
[0032] Upon startup, the fan assembly within the pre-reserved cavity of the fan mounting housing 3 begins operation, creating negative pressure within the cavity. This pressure guides external air into the fan mounting housing 3 through the air inlet 301, passing sequentially through the air inlet slot 601 of the PCBA assembly 6, and then flowing through the integrally formed circular air duct cavity 101 and long air duct cavity 102 of the lower housing 1. The air duct features a rounded transition and a smooth, non-protruding inner wall design, ensuring stable and smooth airflow and preventing swirling airflow and noise generation. Simultaneously, it ensures even airflow across the PM2.5 sensor detection area, guaranteeing detection accuracy.
[0033] As air flows through the detection area, the laser-type PM2.5 sensor on PCBA component 6 activates its detection mechanism under the anti-interference protection of the light-shielding wall: the light-shielding wall blocks stray light such as ambient light from inside the vehicle and maintains a stable angle with the laser beam, ensuring that the sensor accurately collects PM2.5 concentration data in the air. After the data is processed by the control unit of PCBA component 6, it is displayed intuitively on the in-vehicle display screen or the device's built-in screen, allowing passengers to easily monitor air quality in real time; if the concentration exceeds the standard, it can trigger the in-vehicle system to issue an alert, guiding drivers and passengers to adjust the window or air conditioning mode.
[0034] The airflow after testing continues to flow, passing through the filter 401 inside the sealing cover 4 to remove fine particulate matter such as PM2.5. The air is then evenly discharged through three sets of matrix-distributed air outlets on the filter slot 303, achieving air purification inside the vehicle. For later maintenance, the sealing cover 4 can be quickly removed by pressing the elastic fastener 402, allowing for easy replacement of the filter 401 in the slot.
[0035] During operation, the metal shielding cover 602 and the metal shielding cover 603 on both sides of the PCBA assembly 6 work together to effectively shield the electromagnetic interference generated by the engine and on-board electronic equipment in the vehicle, and avoid mutual interference of signals from internal components. The circuit cavity 5 plays a role in storing and protecting the connecting wire harness of the PCBA assembly 6, preventing the wire harness from being messy and tangled or damaged by external forces. In conjunction with the sealing design of the circuit cavity 5 and the circuit port 103, the working stability of the device is further improved.
[0036] All electrical components mentioned in this article are connected to an external main controller and 220V AC mains power, and the main controller can be a conventional known device such as a computer that can control it.
[0037] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. An intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection, comprising a lower shell (1) and a PCBA assembly (6) arranged in the lower shell (1), characterized in that: The side of the PCBA assembly (6) away from the lower shell (1) is provided with an upper shell (2), and the upper shell (2) and the lower shell (1) are fixedly assembled to form a closed cavity, the side of the upper shell (2) away from the lower shell (1) is integrally formed with a fan mounting shell (3), the side of the PCBA assembly (6) away from the lower shell (1) is provided with an air inlet slot (601), the fan mounting shell (3) is provided with an air inlet (301) corresponding to the position of the air inlet slot (601), and the lower shell (1) is integrally formed with an air duct circular cavity (101) and an air duct long cavity (102) on the inner side wall facing the air inlet slot (601). 2.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 1, wherein: The direction and cross-sectional shape of the air duct circular cavity (101) and the air duct long cavity (102) are adapted and designed according to the size of the PM2.5 sensor, the arrangement position of the fan and the laser sensor. 3.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 1, wherein: The side of the PCBA assembly (6) facing the inner wall of the lower shell (1) is fixedly installed with a metal shielding cover two (603), and the metal shielding cover two (603) is positioned in the lower shell (1) and is in close contact with the inner side wall of the lower shell (1). 4.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 1, wherein: The side of the PCBA assembly (6) away from the lower shell (1) is fixedly installed with a metal shielding cover one (602), and the metal shielding cover one (602) is positioned in the cavity of the upper shell (2) and does not interfere with the inner wall of the upper shell (2). 5.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 1, wherein: The side of the fan mounting shell (3) away from the PCBA assembly (6) is provided with a blocking cover (4), the side of the fan mounting shell (3) facing the blocking cover (4) is provided with a cover groove (302) matched with the blocking cover (4), the side of the blocking cover (4) facing the cover groove (302) is integrally formed with an elastic fastener (402), and the elastic fastener (402) is embedded in the cover groove (302) and is detachably connected with the cover groove (302). 6.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 5, wherein: The side of the blocking cover (4) facing the fan mounting shell (3) is provided with a filter screen (401), the side of the cover groove (302) facing the filter screen (401) is provided with a filter screen groove (303) matched with the filter screen (401), and three groups of air outlet holes are sequentially arranged on the filter screen groove (303) along the length direction. 7.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 3, characterized in that: The side of the PCBA assembly (6) perpendicular to the metal shielding cover two (603) is fixedly installed with a wiring cavity (5), the side of the wiring cavity (5) facing the lower shell (1) is installed through the lower shell (1), and the side of the lower shell (1) corresponding to the wiring cavity (5) is provided with a wiring port (103) matched with the wiring cavity (5). 8.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 1, wherein: The upper shell (2) is integrally formed with four groups of butt columns (201) at four corner positions on one side facing the lower shell (1), each butt column (201) extends through the PCBA assembly (6) to the lower shell (1), the lower shell (1) is provided with a threaded hole at a corresponding position, and a self-tapping screw (105) matched with the butt column (201) is screwed in the threaded hole, and the upper shell (2), the PCBA assembly (6) and the lower shell (1) are fixed and assembled through cooperation of the self-tapping screw (105) and the butt column (201). 9.The intelligent linkage device based on PM2.5 detection of claim 1, wherein: The lower shell (1) is integrally formed with a mounting buckle (104) on the outer side wall away from the air duct circular cavity (101), and the fan mounting shell (3) is integrally formed with a buckle block (304) on the outer side wall away from the air inlet (301).