Offshore wind power active deicing system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of offshore wind power, and particularly discloses an offshore wind power active deicing system and method.The system comprises a mounting base arranged above an ice line area of a tower of an offshore wind turbine generator; the ice breaking execution device is mounted on the mounting base, the ice breaking execution device comprises a power-driven ice breaking mechanism, and the ice breaking execution device is used for mechanically breaking sea ice around the tower drum; the ice condition sensing device is arranged in the ice line area of the tower drum and is used for acquiring at least one kind of ice condition monitoring data in real time; the controller is in communication connection with the ice condition sensing device and the ice breaking execution device, and the controller is configured to determine the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data; and according to a comparison result between the current ice load and a preset ice breaking threshold value, an ice breaking execution device is controlled to execute ice breaking operation or stop ice breaking operation. According to the scheme, offshore wind power active icebreaking can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to the field of offshore wind power technology, and in particular to an active de-icing system and method for offshore wind power. Background Technology

[0002] As offshore wind power development gradually expands into the Bohai Rim region, its daily operations also face the threat of sea ice. The Bohai Rim region experiences strong winds, high humidity, and intense salt spray corrosion, leading to ice formation in winter with ice layers reaching up to 15cm in thickness. This seriously threatens the safety of offshore structures, and numerous major accidents have occurred due to sea ice, including pipeline ruptures, natural gas leaks, and even platforms being toppled. Therefore, the industry has developed various anti-icing and de-icing solutions. Currently, passive anti-icing is the primary approach, using ice cones to disperse the force of sea ice from the horizontal direction to other directions, thereby reducing the lateral force on offshore wind turbines and lowering the risk of tower collapse. Existing active anti-icing solutions mainly use electric heating for de-icing, heating the sea ice attached to the turbine foundation to detach it.

[0003] In other words, existing technologies mainly use ice-breaking cones to passively break ice, and cannot actively break the ice layer; existing active heating de-icing solutions have high energy consumption and are not ideal, and cannot achieve continuous and rapid de-icing.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This specification provides an active de-icing system and method for offshore wind power, which solves the problem that efficient active ice breaking cannot be achieved in the prior art.

[0006] This specification provides an embodiment of an active de-icing system for offshore wind power, comprising:

[0007] Mounting base, which is positioned above the ice line region of the offshore wind turbine tower;

[0008] An ice-breaking actuator is mounted on the mounting base and includes a power-driven ice-breaking mechanism. The ice-breaking actuator is used to mechanically break up the sea ice around the tower.

[0009] An ice condition sensing device is installed in the ice line area of ​​the tower and is used to acquire at least one type of ice condition monitoring data in real time.

[0010] A controller is communicatively connected to the ice condition sensing device and the ice-breaking execution device. The controller is configured to: determine the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data; and control the ice-breaking execution device to perform ice-breaking operations or stop ice-breaking operations based on a comparison result between the current ice load and a preset ice-breaking threshold.

[0011] In one embodiment, there are multiple ice-breaking actuators, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tower.

[0012] In one embodiment, the ice-breaking actuator further includes a vertical adjustment mechanism for driving the ice-breaking mechanism to move vertically along the tower to adjust the ice-breaking position.

[0013] In one embodiment, the vertical adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic slide rail, and the power drive is hydraulic.

[0014] In one embodiment, the penetrating end of the ice-breaking mechanism is a conical structure, and the cone angle of the conical structure is 50° to 70°; and / or,

[0015] The distance between adjacent ice-breaking actuators is no more than 30 centimeters.

[0016] In one embodiment, the ice sensing device includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor;

[0017] Accordingly, the ice condition monitoring data includes pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and / or ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor.

[0018] In one embodiment, the controller calculates the current ice load according to the following formula:

[0019] F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt;

[0020] Among them, F ice The current ice load is given by C, where C is the ice load coefficient and σ is the criterion for ice load. ice (T) is the ice compressive strength determined based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, h is the ice thickness detected by the ice thickness sensor, D is the diameter of the tower, dP / dt is the pressure change rate determined based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0021] In one embodiment, the controller is further configured to:

[0022] After controlling the icebreaking actuator to perform an icebreaking operation, the hibernation time is determined according to the current ice thickness, and the offshore wind power active de-icing system is controlled to enter a hibernation state within the hibernation time.

[0023] In one embodiment, the controller determines the sleep duration according to the following formula:

[0024] t=t base ·e （α·h）

[0025] Where t is the sleep duration, t base The base duration is α, the decay factor is h, and the current ice thickness is h.

[0026] In one embodiment, the system further includes an overload protection device configured to: trigger when the load borne by the ice-breaking actuator or the output force of the drive system exceeds a preset safety limit during operation, thereby limiting or cutting off power transmission to prevent damage to the ice-breaking actuator and its drive system due to overload; and / or,

[0027] The offshore wind power active de-icing system also includes an alarm device, which is used to trigger an alarm when the icebreaking operation does not achieve the expected results.

[0028] This specification also provides an active de-icing method for offshore wind power, applied to the system described in any of the above embodiments, the method comprising:

[0029] Obtain at least one type of ice condition monitoring data;

[0030] The current ice load is determined based on at least one of the aforementioned ice condition monitoring data;

[0031] Based on the comparison between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold, the ice-breaking device is controlled to perform ice-breaking operations or stop ice-breaking operations.

[0032] In one embodiment, the ice condition sensing device includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor; the ice condition monitoring data includes pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and / or ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor.

[0033] Accordingly, determining the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data includes:

[0034] Calculate the current ice load using the following formula:

[0035] F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt;

[0036] Among them, F ice The current ice load is given by C, where C is the ice load coefficient and σ is the criterion for ice load. ice (T) is the ice compressive strength determined based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, h is the ice thickness detected by the ice thickness sensor, D is the diameter of the tower, dP / dt is the pressure change rate determined based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0037] In one embodiment, the preset ice-breaking threshold includes a first threshold and a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is higher than the first threshold;

[0038] Based on the comparison between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold, the ice-breaking actuator is controlled to perform or stop the ice-breaking operation, including:

[0039] When the current ice load reaches the first threshold but not the second threshold, the system is controlled to enter the monitoring mode;

[0040] When the current ice load reaches the second threshold, the ice-breaking device is controlled to perform ice-breaking operations.

[0041] In one embodiment, after controlling the ice-breaking actuator to perform the ice-breaking operation, the method further includes:

[0042] The hibernation duration is determined based on the current ice thickness, and the system is controlled to enter a hibernation state for the specified duration.

[0043] In one embodiment, the sleep duration is calculated according to the following formula:

[0044] t=t base ·e （α·h）

[0045] Where t is the sleep duration, t base The base duration is α, the decay factor is h, and the current ice thickness is h.

[0046] In one embodiment, after controlling the ice-breaking actuator to perform the ice-breaking operation, the method further includes:

[0047] Within the preset calibration time, monitor the pressure changes of sea ice on the tower.

[0048] If the sea ice pressure drop does not exceed the preset ratio of the pressure before icebreaking, the icebreaking operation is deemed a failure and an alarm or retry operation is initiated.

[0049] This specification also provides a computer device, including a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor executes the instructions to implement the steps of the active de-icing method for offshore wind power described in any of the above embodiments.

[0050] This specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when executed, implement the steps of the active de-icing method for offshore wind power described in any of the above embodiments.

[0051] This specification provides an active de-icing system for offshore wind power, comprising a mounting base, an icebreaking actuator, an ice sensing device, and a controller. The mounting base is positioned above the ice line region of the offshore wind turbine tower. The icebreaking actuator, mounted on the mounting base, includes a power-driven icebreaking mechanism. The icebreaking actuator is used to mechanically break up sea ice around the tower. The ice sensing device is located within the ice line region of the tower and is used to acquire at least one type of ice condition monitoring data in real time. The controller is communicatively connected to the ice sensing device and the icebreaking actuator. The controller is configured to determine the current ice load based on at least one type of ice condition monitoring data, and, based on a comparison between the current ice load and a preset icebreaking threshold, control the icebreaking actuator to perform or stop icebreaking operations. In this scheme, the system monitors at least one type of ice condition monitoring data in real time through the ice sensing device and dynamically calculates the ice load, achieving a fundamental shift from traditional passive ice control to active early warning and intervention. When the ice load reaches the preset threshold, the controller can drive the ice-breaking mechanism to perform mechanical breaking, directly and actively eliminating the lateral shear force of the ice load on the tower. This can effectively reduce the ice load on the tower from the warning value, thereby greatly reducing the risk of tower collapse, structural fatigue, and even failure, and ensuring the long-term safe operation of offshore wind turbines in harsh sea ice environments.

[0052] Specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed in detail below with reference to the description and accompanying drawings, indicating how the principles of the invention can be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not therefore limited in scope. Features described and / or shown for one embodiment may be used in the same or similar manner in one or more other embodiments, combined with features in other embodiments, or substituted for features in other embodiments.

[0053] It should be emphasized that the term "comprising / including" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, part, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, parts, steps, or components. Attached Figure Description

[0054] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, guided by the teachings of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement the invention according to specific circumstances. In the drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an active de-icing system for offshore wind power is shown in one embodiment of this specification;

[0056] Figure 2 A top view of an active de-icing system for offshore wind power according to one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0057] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the ice-breaking actuator in one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0058] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of an ice-breaking actuator according to one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0059] Figure 5 A flowchart of an active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0060] Figure 6 A flowchart of an active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0061] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an active de-icing device for offshore wind power according to one embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0062] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device according to one embodiment of this specification is shown.

[0063] The reference numerals in the above figures are as follows:

[0064] 10. Tower; 201. Mounting base; 202. Ice-breaking actuator; 203. Ice sensing device; 221. Vertical adjustment mechanism; 222. Ice-breaking mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The principles and spirit of this specification will now be described with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are given merely to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement this specification, and are not intended to limit the scope of this specification in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described in this specification can be implemented as a system, apparatus, method, or computer program product. Therefore, the disclosure of this specification can be specifically implemented in the following forms: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

[0067] The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings and the description of specific embodiments. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Under the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can conceive of any possible modifications based on the invention, all of which should be considered within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, for example, they can refer to mechanical or electrical connections, or internal communication between two elements, and can be direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0068] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this specification belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this specification. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0069] This specification provides an active de-icing system for offshore wind power, as illustrated in the embodiments. Please refer to... Figures 1 to 3 This diagram illustrates the structure of the active de-icing system for offshore wind power as described in an embodiment of this specification. Figures 1 to 3As shown, the active de-icing system for offshore wind power may include: a mounting base 201, an ice-breaking actuator 202, an ice sensing device 203, and a controller. The mounting base 201 is positioned above the ice line region of the offshore wind turbine tower 10. In one embodiment, the mounting base 201 may be pre-welded or fixed to the outer wall of the offshore wind turbine tower 10 with high-strength bolts and located above the ice line region. The ice line region may be an area of ​​ice line variation determined based on historical data and real-time water levels (e.g., the average ice line fluctuates within a certain range). The mounting base 201 may be a ring-shaped or split steel structure base, made of a material matching the tower 10, and its surface is treated with anti-corrosion measures (such as thermal spraying of a zinc-aluminum coating). The base has pre-machined mounting surfaces and bolt holes for precise positioning and fixing of the ice-breaking actuator 202.

[0070] An ice-breaking actuator 202 is mounted on a mounting base 201. The ice-breaking actuator 202 includes a power-driven ice-breaking mechanism 222. The ice-breaking actuator 202 is used to mechanically break up sea ice around the tower 10. In one embodiment, multiple ice-breaking actuators 202 are used. These multiple ice-breaking actuators 202 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tower 10 (e.g., 4, 6, or 8 groups) to achieve 360-degree coverage without blind spots. In one embodiment, the distance between adjacent ice-breaking actuators 202 is set to be no more than 50 cm, for example, no more than 30 cm, to ensure effective breaking of the ice in the area where the tower 10 contacts the ice layer.

[0071] In one embodiment, the ice-breaking actuator 202 may include a drive mechanism and an ice-breaking mechanism 222. The drive mechanism drives the ice-breaking mechanism 222 to perform ice-breaking operations. In one embodiment, the drive mechanism may employ a high-torque servo motor or a linear motor, converting the motor's rotational motion into the linear impact motion of the ice-breaking cone through a ball screw, rack and pinion, or linkage mechanism. In another embodiment, the drive mechanism may utilize a high-pressure air compressor to provide power, driving a pneumatic impact hammer or cylinder to achieve rapid, high-frequency impact actions.

[0072] Ice condition sensing device 203 is installed within the ice line area of ​​tower 10. Ice condition sensing device 203 may include at least one sensor, which can be directly installed within the ice line area of ​​tower 10. The ice line area can be a fluctuating area of ​​the ice line determined based on historical data and real-time water levels (e.g., the average ice line fluctuates within a certain range, such as ±0.5 meters above the ice line). Ice condition sensing device 203 is used to acquire at least one type of ice condition monitoring data in real time. At least one sensor can be connected to the data acquisition module via a waterproof and corrosion-resistant cable for signal conditioning, analog-to-digital conversion, and uploading digital signals to the controller at a set frequency (e.g., several times per second).

[0073] The controller is typically an industrial-grade PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) or an embedded industrial computer, equipped with multiple analog / digital input / output interfaces, communication interfaces (such as Ethernet and RS485), and sufficient storage and computing capabilities. The controller can be installed inside the tower 10 or in a control cabinet within the engine room, in a protected environment. The controller communicates with the ice sensing device 203 and the icebreaking actuator 202. The controller is configured to determine the current ice load based on at least one type of ice monitoring data. The ice monitoring data is a set of physical parameters reflecting the state of sea ice and its effects on the structure, collected by one or more sensors deployed in the ice line region of the tower 10. The ice monitoring data may include any measurable or processed signal characteristics characterizing the physical properties of sea ice (such as thickness and strength) and its effects on the tower 10 (such as pressure and stress). The current ice load refers to the equivalent mechanical load value exerted by the sea ice on the tower 10 structure at the current moment, calculated or inferred in real time based on the ice monitoring data using a preset evaluation model or algorithm. This value is a quantitative representation of the actual complex ice load (which may include static pressure, dynamic impact, bending stress, etc.) and is used to decide whether to perform icebreaking operations. The controller can also be used to control the icebreaking actuator 202 to perform or stop icebreaking operations based on a comparison between the current ice load and a preset icebreaking threshold. The preset icebreaking threshold refers to one or more ice load reference values ​​that the system has pre-set or learned for decision-making. These thresholds define the critical points at which the system should take different actions (such as monitoring, early warning, and icebreaking) under different ice condition severity levels. An icebreaking operation refers to the icebreaking actuator 202 executing a complete action cycle or sequence of actions designed to break or peel away sea ice under the controller's command.

[0074] The controller acquires intrinsic physical quantities reflecting the sea ice attachment state and its interaction with the structure through ice sensing devices 203 deployed in the ice line region of tower 10, thus obtaining ice condition monitoring data. The controller processes this data to extract key characteristic information for assessing ice damage risk. Based on this extracted characteristic information, the controller can calculate a comprehensive risk quantification index (i.e., current ice load) using a pre-installed physical model, a data-driven model, or a hybrid model combining both. This index aims to comprehensively reflect the immediate threat level to structural safety posed by multiple factors such as ice thickness, ice intensity, area of ​​impact, and dynamic effects. The controller compares the real-time calculated risk index with this mapping table and automatically triggers a preset response strategy. Upon receiving an instruction, the icebreaking execution device 202, according to a predetermined action logic (such as single impact, reciprocating oscillation, multi-unit coordinated sequence, etc.), converts energy from the power source into targeted, destructive mechanical energy output, acting on the sea ice-tower 10 interface to achieve ice breaking or stripping.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the ice sensing device 203 monitors at least one type of ice condition data in real time and dynamically calculates the ice load, achieving a fundamental shift from traditional passive ice resistance to proactive early warning and intervention. When the ice load reaches a preset threshold, the controller can drive the icebreaking mechanism 222 to perform mechanical breaking, directly and proactively eliminating the lateral shear force of the ice load on the tower 10. This effectively reduces the ice load borne by the tower 10 from the warning value rapidly, thereby greatly reducing the risk of tower collapse, structural fatigue, and even failure, and ensuring the long-term operational safety of offshore wind turbines in harsh sea ice environments.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the ice-breaking actuator in an embodiment of this specification is shown. Figure 4 As shown in some embodiments of this specification, the ice-breaking actuator 202 further includes a vertical adjustment mechanism 221 for driving the ice-breaking mechanism 222 to move vertically along the tower 10 to adjust the ice-breaking position. The vertical adjustment mechanism 221 is configured to enable the ice-breaking mechanism 222 to perform controllable linear or curved displacement relative to the mounting base 201 in a direction parallel to the axis of the tower 10, thereby performing the ice-breaking operation.

[0077] like Figure 4 As shown in some embodiments of this specification, the vertical adjustment mechanism 221 includes a hydraulic slide rail, and the power drive is hydraulic. In this embodiment, the ice-breaking mechanism 222 can be mounted on a linear slide rail driven by a hydraulic cylinder. Vertical movement can be achieved by controlling the up and down movement of the slide rail. Driving via a hydraulic slide rail provides a large driving force, simple control, and high reliability.

[0078] In some embodiments of this specification, the system also includes an overload protection device configured to trigger when the load on the ice-breaking actuator 202 or the output force of the drive system exceeds a preset safety limit during operation. This overload protection device limits or cuts off power transmission, thereby preventing damage to the ice-breaking actuator 202 and its drive system due to overload. Under extreme or abnormal ice conditions (such as ice layers far exceeding design thickness or ice containing foreign matter), the ice-breaking mechanism 222 may encounter unbreakable obstacles or abnormally high resistance during operation, causing a sharp increase in internal pressure of the drive system (such as a hydraulic cylinder), far exceeding the design value. In one embodiment, a direct-acting or pilot-operated relief valve is provided at the hydraulic pump outlet or actuator inlet. As a pressure limiting valve in the hydraulic system, the relief valve can be set to a maximum safe operating pressure (such as 25 MPa in the manual). When the system pressure reaches this set value, the relief valve automatically opens, bypassing part or all of the working medium (hydraulic oil) back to the oil tank, thereby preventing the system pressure from continuing to rise and stabilizing it near the set value. In other embodiments, safety valves, pressure relays (electrically controlled shut-off), etc., with similar functions can also be used. The above solutions effectively prevent damage to core components due to extreme events, reduce downtime for maintenance and replacement costs, and improve equipment availability and economy.

[0079] In some embodiments of this specification, the penetration end of the ice-breaking mechanism 222 is a conical structure with a cone angle of 50° to 70°. If the cone angle is too small (e.g., less than 50°), the ice-breaking head is sharp, resulting in low initial penetration resistance and easy penetration into the ice layer. However, an overly sharp tip may only pierce the ice without effectively transmitting sufficient lateral dilatation force into the ice layer. The ice layer may only have a small hole drilled instead of being broken up over a large area, resulting in low ice-breaking efficiency, and the slender structure is prone to bending or breaking. If the cone angle is too large (e.g., greater than 70°), the ice-breaking head becomes blunt, requiring a huge thrust for initial penetration. Although the contact area is large, the stress concentration is not obvious, which may cause the ice layer to be pushed as a whole instead of breaking up, resulting in extremely high energy consumption and a large impact on the drive mechanism. By setting the cone angle to 50°-70°, a sufficiently high stress concentration can be generated at the contact point to induce an initial crack. At the same time, the cone surface can efficiently convert the continuous thrust into a lateral component force that causes the crack to propagate, causing the ice layer to bend or split over a large area, which is consistent with the mechanical properties of ice.

[0080] In some embodiments of this specification, the ice condition sensing device 203 includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor; correspondingly, the ice condition monitoring data includes pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and / or ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor. The pressure sensor measures the total force (or stress) exerted by the sea ice on the tower 10. The temperature sensor measures the ice / ambient temperature. The ice thickness sensor measures the ice thickness. In one embodiment, the ice condition sensing device 203 includes three sensors: a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and an ice thickness sensor. By combining these three sensors, the controller can make predictions and decisions based on a physical model (rather than a simple threshold). For example, even if the pressure is low, if the ice layer is thick and the temperature is extremely low (high intensity), the system may issue an early warning; conversely, a sudden increase in pressure with thin ice may indicate a dynamic impact, which can be addressed through dynamic correction terms. In one embodiment, the pressure sensor may be a fiber optic sensor.

[0081] In some embodiments of this specification, the controller can utilize a preset physical model to calculate the current ice load based on pressure data detected by a pressure sensor, temperature data detected by a temperature sensor, and ice thickness data detected by an ice thickness sensor. This physical model maps the multi-dimensional, heterogeneous physical monitoring signals acquired by the ice sensing device 203 into a unified, scalarized index characterizing real-time ice damage risk, namely, the current ice load. By performing this multi-source information fusion and physical law embedding calculation process, a more comprehensive, accurate, and physically predictive risk quantification value (i.e., the current ice load) can be output compared to a single sensor signal, thus providing a reliable basis for subsequent decision-making.

[0082] In some embodiments of this specification, the controller calculates the current ice load according to the following formula:

[0083] F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt;

[0084] Among them, F ice The current ice load is given by C, where C is the ice load coefficient and σ is the criterion for ice load. ice (T) is the ice compressive strength determined based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, h is the ice thickness detected by the ice thickness sensor, D is the diameter of the tower 10, dP / dt is the pressure change rate determined based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0085] In this embodiment, the physical model can be in the form of the above formula. This formula integrates the principles of statics, materials mechanics, and dynamics into a simplified engineering model, aiming to provide a real-time, quantitative equivalent characterization of complex and dynamic ice-structure interactions. C is the ice load coefficient, a calibration and correction coefficient used to bridge the gap between the idealized model and actual complex working conditions. Actual ice loads are affected by various factors such as the discreteness and non-uniformity of ice, contact conditions, and the surface roughness of tower 10. C can be learned and adjusted through historical data or real-time feedback (such as the strain of tower 10) to make the model output more closely match the actual structural response. k is the dynamic correction coefficient, a weighting coefficient used to quantify the proportion or importance of dynamic effects in the total load contribution. k·dP / dt is the dynamic correction term, used to capture and respond to rapid changes in ice conditions, upgrading the system from a simple static load assessment to a comprehensive dynamic and static risk assessment. Even if the static component is temporarily small, a rapidly increasing dP / dt (indicating potential rapid ice blockage or impact) will quickly increase F through this term. ice The calculated value triggers a system warning or action. The current ice load = equivalent static load based on material strength and geometry + dynamic load increment based on pressure change trends. This formula, through multi-sensor data fusion, enables multi-dimensional, real-time simulation calculations of complex ice hazards.

[0086] In the above embodiments, compared to the traditional approach that relies on the absolute value of the pressure sensor exceeding a fixed threshold before taking action, this embodiment allows the model to operate at low temperatures (high intensity σ) even when the absolute pressure value is not yet high. ice The increase in ice thickness (h) and temperature (σ) predicts potential and upcoming high-load risks, allowing for early monitoring or preparation – a manifestation of preventative maintenance. It also prevents missed or false alarms. For example, a thick ice layer (large h) but a high temperature (σ) can indicate a potential high-load risk. ice (T) is small, and the static pressure may not be high, so traditional solutions may not activate. However, the model in this embodiment calculates a considerable static component, and combined with possible dynamic changes, it may still trigger an early warning. For example, a brief wave impact may cause a momentary spike in pressure P, but if the temperature is not low and there is no sustained ice thickness, traditional solutions may falsely trigger an alarm. In this model, because h is small and σ... ice (T) is not high, and dP / dt may only be a momentary spike rather than a continuous trend, so the calculated F ice It is unlikely to exceed the threshold, thus avoiding invalid actions. In other words, the model in this embodiment can improve from threshold judgment to model prediction, significantly increasing the lead time for early warning and effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of decision-making.

[0087] In some embodiments of this specification, the controller is also configured to: after controlling the icebreaking actuator 202 to perform an icebreaking operation, determine the hibernation period based on the current ice thickness, and control the offshore wind power active de-icing system to enter a hibernation state within the hibernation period.

[0088] In this embodiment, after the icebreaking actuator 202 performs an icebreaking operation, the controller can control the system to enter a sleep state. Specifically, the controller can determine the sleep duration based on the current ice thickness and control the offshore wind power active de-icing system to enter a sleep state within the sleep duration. If monitoring / icebreaking is restarted immediately after icebreaking or at a fixed frequency, it will cause a large amount of unnecessary energy consumption and equipment wear when the ice condition is stable or developing slowly. If the sleep time is fixed and too long, the system may not be able to respond in time when the ice condition deteriorates rapidly, leading to the accumulation of ice load to a dangerous level. A fixed-cycle system cannot adapt to ice conditions of different severity (such as thin ice and thick ice). Therefore, in this embodiment, the sleep duration is determined based on the current ice thickness. That is to say, in this embodiment, after an icebreaking intervention is completed, the system does not immediately or at a fixed cycle start the next work cycle, but dynamically calculates and enters a variable interval period based on the assessment of the current ice condition or its development trend. During this interval period, the main functional modules of the system (such as the drive device and some high-frequency sensors) will enter a low-power standby or sleep state, thereby realizing intelligent energy consumption management. The duration of the intermittent period is a non-decreasing function of the current or predicted severity of the ice condition. That is, the more severe the ice condition or the faster it is expected to develop, the shorter the intermittent period; conversely, the milder or more stable the ice condition, the longer the intermittent period. By entering a dormant state after icebreaking operations, the energy consumption of the hydraulic system, control system, and sensors is significantly reduced. Moreover, the dormant period is determined according to the ice thickness, which can adapt to ice conditions of different severity (such as thin ice and thick ice).

[0089] Understandably, in some embodiments, the controller determines the hibernation duration not only based on the current ice thickness, but also comprehensively based on factors such as the current ice thickness, ambient temperature, and pressure change trends. For example, at extremely low temperatures, ice intensity is high and growth may be rapid, so the hibernation period should be shortened. Or, if the pressure decreases slowly or continues to rise after ice breaking, it indicates that the ice conditions remain active, and the hibernation period should be shortened. Furthermore, if the pressure drop rate is unsatisfactory after several consecutive ice breaking attempts, it may indicate unusual ice conditions, and the hibernation interval should be shortened to allow for more frequent attempts.

[0090] In some embodiments of this specification, the controller determines the sleep duration according to the following formula:

[0091] t=t base ·e （α·h）

[0092] Where t is the sleep duration, t base The base duration is α, the decay factor is h, and the current ice thickness is h.

[0093] In some embodiments of this specification, the offshore wind power active de-icing system also includes an alarm device for triggering an alarm when the icebreaking operation does not achieve the expected results.

[0094] In complex marine environments, the icebreaking actuator 202 may fail to function effectively due to mechanical malfunctions, extreme ice conditions (such as excessively thick ice layers or ice containing foreign matter), or control errors. Without a feedback mechanism, the system will not detect this failure and will continue to operate as planned, causing ice load to accumulate unnoticed and leading to serious safety hazards. After each control intervention action (such as icebreaking operation) is completed, the controller can quantitatively or qualitatively evaluate the actual effectiveness of the intervention action based on the feedback data obtained by the ice sensing device 203. If the evaluation result is lower than the preset success standard, a preset abnormal response strategy is automatically triggered. The abnormal response strategy is designed to deal with situations where the intervention fails or is ineffective, and its response level can be adaptively upgraded according to the severity of the evaluation result. The fundamental purpose of icebreaking is to reduce ice load. Therefore, in one embodiment, the most direct evaluation indicator is the decrease in the pressure sensor reading after icebreaking. If the pressure decrease does not exceed a threshold (such as 30%) within a set time window (such as 5 seconds), the effect is considered poor. In another embodiment, an accelerometer or acoustic emission sensor can be installed on the ice-breaking mechanism 222 or the tower 10. Successful ice breaking is accompanied by the acoustic spectrum or vibration characteristics typical of brittle material fracture. The breaking effect can be indirectly evaluated by comparing it with a feature library of historical successful cases. In yet another embodiment, an anti-icing camera can be installed above the waterline to analyze whether obvious cracks or signs of detachment appear on the ice surface after ice breaking through image recognition.

[0095] In one embodiment, tiered early warning systems can be implemented. For example, if the effect is slightly lower than expected (e.g., a 25% decrease), the system can record the event and automatically shorten the hibernation interval for the next operation, responding more intensively to persistent ice conditions. If the effect is severely unsatisfactory (e.g., a decrease of <10%), a local audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the system may automatically switch to a backup ice-breaking unit or attempt a retry with different parameters (e.g., increased oscillation). If multiple failures occur consecutively or a hardware fault in the drive system is detected (e.g., a pressure sensor disconnection or abnormal hydraulic pressure), the highest-level remote alarm is triggered (sent to the central control center), and the relevant actuators may be safely locked to prevent further damage caused by continued operation in a faulty state, while clearly indicating the need for manual on-site intervention.

[0096] The system in the above embodiments ensures that the system will not lose its protective capabilities when the core function (icebreaking) fails. Instead, it can transmit risk information to staff through an alarm, thereby preventing serious consequences caused by a single point of failure.

[0097] This specification also provides an active de-icing method for offshore wind power, which is applied to the active de-icing system for offshore wind power described in any of the above embodiments. Figure 5 A flowchart of an active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to an embodiment of this specification is shown. While this specification provides method operation steps or apparatus structures as shown in the following embodiments or figures, more or fewer operation steps or module units may be included in the method or apparatus based on conventional or non-inventive effort. In steps or structures where there is no logically necessary causal relationship, the execution order of these steps or the module structure of the apparatus is not limited to the execution order or module structure described in the embodiments and figures of this specification. When the method or module structure is applied in actual devices or end products, it can be executed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment, or even a distributed processing environment) according to the method or module structure shown in the embodiments or figures.

[0098] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of this specification provides an active de-icing method for offshore wind power that may include the following steps.

[0099] Step S501: Obtain at least one type of ice condition monitoring data.

[0100] Step S502: Determine the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data.

[0101] Step S503: Based on the comparison result between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold, control the ice-breaking execution device to perform ice-breaking operations or stop ice-breaking operations.

[0102] The methods described in the embodiments of this specification can be applied to the controller in the system described in any of the above embodiments. The controller acquires monitoring data reflecting the sea ice state in real time through a communication interface with the ice sensing device. This data may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: the pressure value of the sea ice on the tower, the ambient temperature value, and the ice thickness value. The ice sensing device may include a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor, which respectively collect the above physical parameters. The controller can receive this data at a preset sampling frequency (e.g., 1-10 times per second) and perform necessary preprocessing (e.g., filtering, noise reduction, normalization, etc.) to ensure the quality and availability of the data.

[0103] The controller can utilize built-in computational logic or models to fuse acquired ice condition monitoring data and calculate a quantitative comprehensive index characterizing the current sea ice's threat level to the tower structure, namely, the current ice load. In one embodiment, the controller can invoke a preset physical model, using raw data such as pressure, temperature, and ice thickness as input variables, to calculate a physically meaningful ice load value. The controller compares the calculated current ice load with one or more icebreaking thresholds pre-stored in memory. Based on the comparison result, an appropriate control strategy is executed. In one embodiment, when the current ice load reaches or exceeds a preset icebreaking initiation threshold, the controller determines that the current ice condition poses a clear threat and immediate intervention is required. A start command can be sent to the icebreaking actuator via the control bus. This command may include action parameters (such as impact velocity, stroke, etc.). Upon receiving the command, the icebreaking actuator (e.g., a hydraulically driven icebreaker cone) begins operation, mechanically breaking up the sea ice around the tower. When the current ice load is below the icebreaking initiation threshold, the controller determines that the current ice condition is still within a safe range, and physical intervention is unnecessary or should be stopped. At this point, a stop command may be sent to shut down the running ice-breaking device, or the ice-breaking device may be kept in standby mode while continuing to execute steps S501 and S502 for continuous monitoring.

[0104] In the above embodiments, a fundamental shift from passive response to intelligent proactive intervention is achieved. Multi-dimensional physical monitoring data is fused and calculated in real time into predictive ice load indicators, enabling the system to accurately assess risks before ice load accumulates to a dangerous level and automatically trigger intervention, significantly improving the proactiveness of safety protection.

[0105] In some embodiments of this specification, the ice condition sensing device includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor; the ice condition monitoring data includes pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and / or ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor. Accordingly, a preset physical model can be used to calculate the current ice load based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and the ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor. This physical model is used to map the multi-dimensional, heterogeneous physical monitoring signals acquired by the ice condition sensing device into a unified scalar index characterizing real-time ice damage risk, namely, the current ice load. By performing this multi-source information fusion and physical law embedding calculation process, a more comprehensive, accurate, and physically predictive risk quantification value (i.e., the current ice load) can be output compared to a single sensor signal, thus providing a reliable basis for subsequent decision-making.

[0106] In some embodiments of this specification, determining the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data includes calculating the current ice load according to the following formula:

[0107] F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt;

[0108] Among them, F ice The current ice load is given by C, where C is the ice load coefficient and σ is the criterion for ice load. ice (T) represents the ice compressive strength determined based on temperature data detected by a temperature sensor, h represents the ice thickness detected by an ice thickness sensor, D represents the diameter of the tower, dP / dt represents the pressure change rate determined based on pressure data detected by a pressure sensor, and k represents the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0109] In this embodiment, the physical model can be in the form of the above formula. This formula integrates the principles of statics, materials mechanics, and dynamics into a simplified engineering model, aiming to provide a real-time, quantitative equivalent characterization of complex and dynamic ice-structure interactions. C is the ice load coefficient, a calibration and correction coefficient used to bridge the gap between the idealized model and actual complex working conditions. Actual ice loads are affected by various factors such as the discreteness and non-uniformity of ice, contact conditions, and tower surface roughness. C can be learned and adjusted through historical data or real-time feedback (such as tower strain) to make the model output more closely match the actual structural response. k is the dynamic correction coefficient, a weighting coefficient used to quantify the proportion or importance of dynamic effects in the total load contribution. k·dP / dt is the dynamic correction term, used to capture and respond to rapid changes in ice conditions, upgrading the system from a simple static load assessment to a comprehensive dynamic and static risk assessment. Even if the static component is temporarily small, a rapidly increasing dP / dt (indicating potential rapid ice blockage or impact) will quickly increase F through this term. ice The calculated value triggers a system warning or action. The current ice load = equivalent static load based on material strength and geometry + dynamic load increment based on pressure change trends. This formula, through multi-sensor data fusion, enables multi-dimensional, real-time simulation calculations of complex ice hazards.

[0110] In the above embodiments, compared to the traditional method that relies on the absolute value of the pressure sensor exceeding a fixed threshold before taking action, the method in this embodiment can activate the model at low temperatures (high intensity σ) even when the absolute pressure value is not yet high. ice The increase in ice thickness (h) and temperature (σ) predicts potential and upcoming high-load risks, allowing for early monitoring or preparation – a manifestation of preventative maintenance. It also prevents missed or false alarms. For example, a thick ice layer (large h) but a high temperature (σ) can indicate a potential high-load risk. ice(T) is small, and the static pressure may not be high, so traditional solutions may not activate. However, the model in this embodiment calculates a considerable static component, and combined with possible dynamic changes, it may still trigger an early warning. For example, a brief wave impact may cause a momentary spike in pressure P, but if the temperature is not low and there is no sustained ice thickness, traditional solutions may falsely trigger an alarm. In this model, because h is small and σ... ice (T) is not high, and dP / dt may only be a momentary spike rather than a continuous trend, so the calculated F ice It is unlikely to exceed the threshold, thus avoiding invalid actions. In other words, the model in this embodiment can improve from threshold judgment to model prediction, significantly increasing the lead time for early warning and effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of decision-making.

[0111] In some embodiments of this specification, the preset ice-breaking threshold includes a first threshold and a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is higher than the first threshold. Controlling the ice-breaking execution device to perform or stop ice-breaking operations based on a comparison between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold includes: controlling the system to enter a monitoring mode when the current ice load reaches the first threshold but not the second threshold; and controlling the ice-breaking execution device to perform ice-breaking operations when the current ice load reaches the second threshold.

[0112] In this embodiment, by setting a first threshold (early warning threshold) and a second threshold (action threshold), the degree of ice threat is divided into clear levels, triggering different but interconnected system states. When the calculated ice load reaches the first threshold, the system does not immediately initiate high-energy-consuming physical icebreaking, but instead switches to an enhanced monitoring mode. At this time, the sensor sampling frequency is significantly increased, driving the system into a low-pressure hot standby state. Only when the ice load further increases to a higher second threshold does the controller issue an icebreaking command, ensuring that the intervention is both timely and accurate.

[0113] In the above embodiments, by setting an early warning threshold, preparations are made in advance before the actual danger arrives, eliminating the physical delay between perception and execution, and preventing the risk of load runaway due to delayed response. The setting of an action threshold ensures that costly physical ice-breaking actions are only triggered when the threat is confirmed to have reached a critical level, effectively avoiding energy waste and equipment wear caused by slight fluctuations in ice conditions.

[0114] In some embodiments of this specification, after controlling the ice-breaking device to perform ice-breaking operations, the method further includes: determining the hibernation duration based on the current ice thickness, and controlling the system to enter a hibernation state for the specified hibernation duration.

[0115] In this embodiment, after the icebreaking actuator performs one icebreaking operation, the controller can control the system to enter a sleep state. Specifically, the controller can determine the sleep duration based on the current ice thickness and control the offshore wind power active de-icing system to enter a sleep state within the sleep duration. If monitoring / icebreaking is restarted immediately after icebreaking or at a fixed frequency, it will cause a large amount of unnecessary energy consumption and equipment wear when the ice condition is stable or developing slowly. If the sleep time is fixed and too long, the system may not be able to respond in time when the ice condition deteriorates rapidly, leading to the accumulation of ice load to a dangerous level. A fixed-cycle system cannot adapt to ice conditions of different severity (such as thin ice and thick ice). Therefore, in this embodiment, the sleep duration is determined based on the current ice thickness. That is to say, in this embodiment, after an icebreaking intervention is completed, the system does not immediately or at a fixed cycle start the next work cycle, but dynamically calculates and enters a variable interval period based on the assessment of the current ice condition or its development trend. During this interval period, the main functional modules of the system (such as the drive device and some high-frequency sensors) will enter a low-power standby or sleep state, thereby realizing intelligent energy consumption management. The duration of the intermittent period is a non-decreasing function of the current or predicted severity of the ice condition. That is, the more severe the ice condition or the faster it is expected to develop, the shorter the intermittent period; conversely, the milder or more stable the ice condition, the longer the intermittent period. By entering a dormant state after icebreaking operations, the energy consumption of the hydraulic system, control system, and sensors is significantly reduced. Moreover, the dormant period is determined according to the ice thickness, which can adapt to ice conditions of different severity (such as thin ice and thick ice).

[0116] Understandably, in some embodiments, the controller determines the hibernation duration not only based on the current ice thickness, but also comprehensively based on factors such as the current ice thickness, ambient temperature, and pressure change trends. For example, at extremely low temperatures, ice intensity is high and growth may be rapid, so the hibernation period should be shortened. Or, if the pressure decreases slowly or continues to rise after ice breaking, it indicates that the ice conditions remain active, and the hibernation period should be shortened. Furthermore, if the pressure drop rate is unsatisfactory after several consecutive ice breaking attempts, it may indicate unusual ice conditions, and the hibernation interval should be shortened to allow for more frequent attempts.

[0117] In some embodiments of this specification, the controller determines the sleep duration according to the following formula:

[0118] t=t base ·e （α·h）

[0119] Where t is the sleep duration, t base The base duration is α, the decay factor is h, and the current ice thickness is h.

[0120] In some embodiments of this specification, after controlling the ice-breaking actuator to perform the ice-breaking operation, the method further includes: monitoring the pressure change of the sea ice on the tower within a preset verification time; if the sea ice pressure drop does not exceed a preset ratio of the pressure before ice breaking, the ice breaking is determined to have failed and an alarm or retry operation is performed.

[0121] In some embodiments of this specification, the offshore wind power active de-icing system further includes an alarm device, and the method further includes: triggering the alarm device to issue an alarm when the icebreaking operation does not achieve the expected results.

[0122] In complex marine environments, icebreaking actuators may fail to function effectively due to mechanical malfunctions, extreme ice conditions (such as excessively thick ice layers or ice containing foreign matter), or control errors. Without a feedback mechanism, the system will not detect this failure and will continue to operate as planned, causing ice loads to accumulate unnoticed and leading to serious safety hazards. After each control intervention (such as icebreaking operation) is completed, the controller can quantitatively or qualitatively evaluate the actual effectiveness of the intervention based on feedback data obtained from the ice sensing device. If the evaluation result is lower than a preset success standard, a preset abnormal response strategy is automatically triggered. The abnormal response strategy is designed to deal with situations where the intervention fails or is ineffective, and its response level can be adaptively upgraded according to the severity of the evaluation result. The fundamental purpose of icebreaking is to reduce ice loads. Therefore, in one embodiment, the most direct evaluation indicator is the decrease in pressure sensor readings after icebreaking. If the pressure drop does not exceed a threshold (such as 30%) within a set time window (such as 5 seconds), the effect is considered poor. In another embodiment, accelerometers or acoustic emission sensors can be installed on the icebreaking mechanism or tower. Successful icebreaking is accompanied by typical acoustic or vibrational characteristics of brittle material fracture. The breaking effect can be indirectly assessed by comparing the characteristics of historical successful cases with a database. In another embodiment, an anti-icing camera can be installed above the waterline to analyze the image and determine whether obvious cracks or signs of detachment appear on the ice surface after icebreaking.

[0123] In one embodiment, tiered early warning systems can be implemented. For example, if the effect is slightly lower than expected (e.g., a 25% decrease), the system can record the event and automatically shorten the hibernation interval for the next operation, responding more intensively to persistent ice conditions. If the effect is severely unsatisfactory (e.g., a decrease of <10%), a local audible and visual alarm is triggered, and the system may automatically switch to a backup ice-breaking unit or attempt a retry with different parameters (e.g., increased oscillation). If multiple failures occur consecutively or a hardware fault in the drive system is detected (e.g., a pressure sensor disconnection or abnormal hydraulic pressure), the highest-level remote alarm is triggered (sent to the central control center), and the relevant actuators may be safely locked to prevent further damage caused by continued operation in a faulty state, while clearly indicating the need for manual on-site intervention.

[0124] The method described in the above embodiments ensures that the system does not lose its protective capabilities when the core function (icebreaking) fails, but can transmit risk information to staff through an alarm, thereby preventing serious consequences due to a single point of failure.

[0125] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. For details, please refer to the foregoing descriptions of the relevant processing embodiments; they will not be repeated here.

[0126] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.

[0127] The above method will be described below with reference to a specific embodiment. However, it is worth noting that this specific embodiment is only for better illustration of this specification and does not constitute an improper limitation of this specification.

[0128] This specification provides an active de-icing system and method for offshore wind power, as illustrated in the embodiments. Please refer to... Figure 6 The flowchart illustrates the active de-icing method for offshore wind power as described in the embodiments of this specification. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, tower 10 is a fixed offshore wind turbine tower. The vertical adjustment mechanism 221 (hydraulic mechanism) of the icebreaking actuator 202 is responsible for providing pressure and driving the icebreaking mechanism 222. When the icebreaking mechanism 222 is working, it is driven by the hydraulic mechanism to collide with the sea ice. The lower part of the icebreaking mechanism 222 adopts an alloy icebreaking cone to enhance the icebreaking effect. The ice feeling detection device 203 (e.g., pressure sensor) is located near the ice line to measure the pressure exerted by the sea ice on the tower 10 and assess whether to initiate icebreaking operations.

[0129] An annular mounting base 201 is pre-embedded above the ice line variation zone of tower 10. The base is made of the same material as tower 10 and is treated with anti-corrosion measures. The base has reserved bolt holes for fixing the hydraulic mechanism.

[0130] like Figure 4 As shown, the ice-breaking mechanism 222 includes four sets of ice-breaking units evenly distributed along the circumference of the tower 10. The vertical displacement is adjusted by hydraulic slide rails (adjustment range ±15% of tower diameter), and the design is dynamically adjusted according to the diameter of the tower 10. The distance between two adjacent mechanisms is no more than 30cm to ensure no ice-breaking blind spots.

[0131] The ice-breaking mechanism 222 adopts a single-cone ice-breaking design with a cone angle of 60° penetrating the ice surface.

[0132] The hydraulic mechanism uses multiple hydraulic cylinders, which achieve synchronous action through a flow divider and combiner valve. The stroke is 150mm, and it can break ice with a thickness of ≤25cm. It is equipped with a vibration module to prevent the ice-breaking cone from getting stuck.

[0133] Using fiber optic sensors installed within ±0.5m of the 10th ice line in the tower, with a range of 0-30MPa, it enables real-time monitoring of sea ice pressure and temperature.

[0134] like Figure 6 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, the active de-icing method for offshore wind power includes the following contents.

[0135] Intelligent decision-making models include:

[0136] F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt;

[0137] Among them, F ice The current ice load is given by C, where C is the ice load coefficient and σ is the criterion for ice load. ice (T) is the ice compressive strength determined based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, h is the ice thickness detected by the ice thickness sensor, D is the diameter of the tower 10, dP / dt is the pressure change rate determined based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

[0138] The formula for adjusting the ice load factor C can be corrected using the recursive least squares method:

[0139] C(k)=C(k-1)+K(k)·[F measured (k)-F predictde (k)]

[0140] C(k): Ice load coefficient at the current time

[0141] C(k-1): Ice load coefficient at the previous moment

[0142] F measured (k): Ice load measured by strain sensor 10 in tower section.

[0143] F predictde (k)=C(k-1)·σ ice (T)·h·D,

[0144] K(k): Kalman gain coefficient,

[0145] σ ice(T) represents the compressive strength of ice (obtained from a table based on the monitoring data from the temperature sensor; this table is a database or function model of the "temperature-ice strength" correspondence stored in the control system, established based on experimental data and theoretical models). The empirical formula is:

[0146] σ ice (T) = A·|T| n +B

[0147] Where A, B, and n are empirical parameters obtained through nonlinear least squares fitting. h is the ice layer thickness, measured using the ultrasonic echo method. D is the diameter of the tower section 10.

[0148] k·dP / dt is the dynamic correction term for ice impact, which reflects the ice accumulation rate through the pressure change rate. k reflects the ice accumulation rate through the pressure change rate (i.e., the derivative of the pressure sensor data), and dynamically adjusts the model output.

[0149] The execution condition is when F ice When the load is ≥30% of the design load (provided by the wind turbine design unit), the monitoring mode is activated. ice Ice breaking should be initiated when the load is ≥50% of the design load.

[0150] The sleep cycle adaptive algorithm includes:

[0151] t=t base ·e （α·h）

[0152] Among them, t base =300s (reference period), α=0.85 (attenuation factor), when h>20cm, t≤120s is forced.

[0153] During the ice-breaking phase, the hydraulic cylinder advances to its full stroke (150 mm) at a set speed (e.g., 20 mm / s), with each ice-breaking action lasting approximately 7.5 seconds. After ice breaking is completed, the system detects pressure changes within 5 seconds. If the load decreases by more than 30%, ice breaking is considered successful, and a sleep timer (t) is started. If the target is not met, an alarm is triggered, and the system attempts to break the ice again.

[0154] In monitoring mode, detection mode refers to the system determining, through an intelligent decision-making model, that the ice load has reached or exceeded a preset warning threshold (i.e., F). ice When the load reaches ≥30% of the design load, the system switches from a low-power sleep state to a high-frequency, high-intensity operating state. In this mode, the system has not yet activated the physical ice-breaking device, but has made preparations for possible ice-breaking operations as follows:

[0155] Data acquisition frequency has been increased. The sampling frequency of ice condition monitoring sensors (pressure, temperature, and ice thickness sensors) has been increased from low-frequency inspections in a dormant state to high-frequency continuous monitoring, in order to achieve real-time capture of dynamic changes in ice conditions.

[0156] The hydraulic system enters a low-pressure standby state to reduce startup delay;

[0157] The ice-breaking mechanism 222 performs a self-check. It confirms that all units are in normal condition; the control unit preloads the ice-breaking execution program to shorten the response time.

[0158] Continuous decision-making. The system continuously calculates F. ice And compare it with the icebreaking start-up threshold (50% of the design load):

[0159] If F ice If the temperature continues to rise and reaches the ice-breaking threshold, the ice-breaking mode will be triggered immediately.

[0160] If F ice If the temperature drops below the warning threshold, the system will return to sleep mode.

[0161] Safety protection mechanisms include overload protection and fault diagnosis. Overload protection: The hydraulic system is equipped with an overflow valve (set pressure 25MPa) to prevent damage to the mechanism due to excessive ice thickness. Fault diagnosis: If the pressure sensor does not detect a load drop of >30% within 5 seconds after ice breaking, it is determined as ice breaking failure, triggering an audible and visual alarm.

[0162] The following is a case study of its application in a 50MW wind farm in the Bohai Sea. Tower 10 diameter: 6.5m. Icing conditions: ice thickness 22cm, temperature -8℃. Execution process: When the pressure sensor detects that the load reaches 55% of the design value, the northeast quadrant ice-breaking unit is activated. The hydraulic cylinder advances at a speed of 20mm / s, with a peak pressure of 28.7MPa. After ice breaking, the load drops to 22% of the design value, and the system enters sleep mode (t=86s).

[0163] In the embodiments described in this specification, the deployment strategy of the fiber optic sensor in the ice line variation zone (±0.5m range) of tower 10, with a measurement range of 0-30MPa, is based on the ice compressive strength (σ). ice Temperature lookup table model. Vertically adjustable ice-breaking unit (hydraulic slide rails allow for ±15% tower diameter adjustment). Four sets of ice-breaking units are evenly distributed around the circumference, with a blind-spot-free layout and a spacing of ≤30cm. Single-cone geometry with a 60° cone angle penetrating the ice surface. Synchronous drive mechanism of multiple hydraulic cylinders via a flow divider and combiner valve (stroke 150mm, ice fragments ≤25cm). Ice load grading start-up mechanism with an adaptive sleep cycle algorithm to reduce energy consumption.

[0164] The systems and methods described in the above embodiments reduce the horizontal shear force borne by the tower 10 and also reduce energy consumption through a graded control strategy.

[0165] Based on the same inventive concept, this specification also provides an active de-icing device for offshore wind power, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of the active de-icing device for offshore wind power is similar to that of the active de-icing method for offshore wind power, the implementation of the active de-icing system for offshore wind power can refer to the implementation of the active de-icing method for offshore wind power, and repeated details will not be elaborated further. As used below, the terms "unit" or "module" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the device described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated. Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of an active de-icing device for offshore wind power, as described in the embodiments of this specification. Figure 7 As shown, it includes: an acquisition module 701, a determination module 702, and a control module 703. The structure is described below.

[0166] The acquisition module 701 is used to acquire at least one type of ice condition monitoring data.

[0167] The determination module 702 is used to determine the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data.

[0168] The control module 703 is used to control the ice-breaking device to perform ice-breaking operations or stop ice-breaking operations based on the comparison result between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold.

[0169] This specification also provides a computer device, which can be found in the following description. Figure 8 The diagram shown illustrates the computer equipment structure for the active de-icing method for offshore wind power provided in the embodiments of this specification. Specifically, the computer equipment may include an input device 81, a processor 82, and a memory 83. The memory 83 stores processor-executable instructions. When the processor 82 executes these instructions, it implements the steps of the active de-icing method for offshore wind power described in any of the above embodiments.

[0170] In this embodiment, the input device can specifically be one of the main devices for information exchange between the user and the computer system. The input device may include a keyboard, mouse, camera, scanner, light pen, handwriting input tablet, voice input device, etc.; the input device is used to input raw data and programs for processing these data into the computer. The input device can also receive data transmitted from other modules, units, and devices. The processor can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, the processor can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, etc. The memory can specifically be a memory device used to store information in modern information technology. The memory can include multiple layers; in digital systems, anything that can store binary data can be considered memory; in integrated circuits, a circuit without physical form but with storage function is also called memory, such as RAM, FIFO, etc.; in a system, a storage device with physical form is also called memory, such as a memory stick, TF card, etc.

[0171] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the computer device can be explained in comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0172] This specification also provides a computer storage medium based on an active de-icing method for offshore wind power, wherein the computer storage medium stores computer program instructions that, when executed, implement the steps of the active de-icing method for offshore wind power described in any of the above embodiments.

[0173] In this embodiment, the storage medium includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), cache, hard disk drive (HDD), or memory card. The memory can be used to store computer program instructions. The network communication unit can be an interface configured according to standards specified in the communication protocol for network connection communication.

[0174] In this embodiment, the specific functions and effects implemented by the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium can be explained by comparison with other embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0175] Obviously, those skilled in the art will understand that the modules or steps of the embodiments described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. Optionally, they can be implemented using computer-executable program code, thereby storing them in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those presented herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0176] It should be understood that the above description is for illustrative purposes and not for limitation. Many embodiments and applications beyond the provided examples will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of this specification should not be determined by reference to the above description, but rather by reference to the foregoing claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

[0177] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. Various modifications and variations can be made to the embodiments described herein by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification.

Claims

1. An active de-icing system for offshore wind power, characterized in that, include: Mounting base, which is positioned above the ice line region of the offshore wind turbine tower; An ice-breaking actuator is mounted on the mounting base and includes a power-driven ice-breaking mechanism. The ice-breaking actuator is used to mechanically break up the sea ice around the tower. An ice condition sensing device is installed in the ice line area of ​​the tower and is used to acquire at least one type of ice condition monitoring data in real time. A controller, which is communicatively connected to the ice condition sensing device and the ice-breaking execution device, is configured to determine the current ice load based on at least one type of ice condition monitoring data; Based on the comparison between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold, the ice-breaking device is controlled to perform ice-breaking operations or stop ice-breaking operations.

2. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ice-breaking actuators are multiple, and the multiple ice-breaking actuators are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tower.

3. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ice-breaking device also includes a vertical adjustment mechanism for driving the ice-breaking mechanism to move vertically along the tower to adjust the ice-breaking position.

4. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vertical adjustment mechanism includes a hydraulic slide rail, and the power drive is hydraulic.

5. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The penetrating end of the ice-breaking mechanism is a conical structure, and the cone angle of the conical structure is 50° to 70°; and / or, The distance between adjacent ice-breaking actuators is no more than 30 centimeters.

6. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ice sensing device includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor. Accordingly, the ice condition monitoring data includes pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and / or ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor.

7. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The controller calculates the current ice load according to the following formula: F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt; Among them, F ice The current ice load is C, where C is the ice load coefficient, and σ is the current ice load. ice (T) is the ice compressive strength determined based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, h is the ice thickness detected by the ice thickness sensor, D is the diameter of the tower, dP / dt is the pressure change rate determined based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

8. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller is also configured to: After controlling the icebreaking actuator to perform an icebreaking operation, the hibernation time is determined according to the current ice thickness, and the offshore wind power active de-icing system is controlled to enter a hibernation state within the hibernation time.

9. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The controller determines the sleep duration according to the following formula: t=t base ·e （α·h） Where t is the sleep duration, t base The base duration is α, the decay factor is h, and the current ice thickness is h.

10. The offshore wind power active de-icing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an overload protection device configured to: trigger when the load borne by the ice-breaking actuator or the output force of the drive system exceeds a preset safety limit during operation, thereby limiting or cutting off power transmission to prevent damage to the ice-breaking actuator and its drive system due to overload; and / or, The offshore wind power active de-icing system also includes an alarm device, which is used to trigger an alarm when the icebreaking operation does not achieve the expected results.

11. A method for active de-icing of offshore wind power, characterized in that, The method, applied to the system as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, comprises: Obtain at least one type of ice condition monitoring data; The current ice load is determined based on at least one of the aforementioned ice condition monitoring data; Based on the comparison between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold, the ice-breaking device is controlled to perform ice-breaking operations or stop ice-breaking operations.

12. The active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to claim 11, characterized in that, The ice condition sensing device includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, and / or an ice thickness sensor; the ice condition monitoring data includes pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, and / or ice thickness data detected by the ice thickness sensor. Accordingly, determining the current ice load based on the at least one ice condition monitoring data includes: Calculate the current ice load using the following formula: F ice =C·σ ice (T)·h·D+k·dP / dt; Among them, F ice The current ice load is C, where C is the ice load coefficient, and σ is the current ice load. ice (T) is the ice compressive strength determined based on the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor, h is the ice thickness detected by the ice thickness sensor, D is the diameter of the tower, dP / dt is the pressure change rate determined based on the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor, and k is the dynamic correction coefficient.

13. The active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to claim 11, characterized in that, The preset ice-breaking threshold includes a first threshold and a second threshold, wherein the second threshold is higher than the first threshold; Based on the comparison between the current ice load and the preset ice-breaking threshold, the ice-breaking actuator is controlled to perform or stop the ice-breaking operation, including: When the current ice load reaches the first threshold but not the second threshold, the system is controlled to enter the monitoring mode; When the current ice load reaches the second threshold, the ice-breaking device is controlled to perform ice-breaking operations.

14. The active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to claim 11, characterized in that, After controlling the ice-breaking actuator to perform the ice-breaking operation, the method further includes: The hibernation duration is determined based on the current ice thickness, and the system is controlled to enter a hibernation state for the specified duration.

15. The active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to claim 14, characterized in that, Calculate the hibernation duration using the following formula: t=t base ·e （α·h） Where t is the sleep duration, t base The base duration is α, the decay factor is h, and the current ice thickness is h.

16. The active de-icing method for offshore wind power according to claim 11, characterized in that, After controlling the ice-breaking actuator to perform the ice-breaking operation, the method further includes: Within the preset calibration time, monitor the pressure changes of sea ice on the tower. If the sea ice pressure drop does not exceed the preset ratio of the pressure before icebreaking, the icebreaking operation is deemed a failure and an alarm or retry operation is initiated.

17. A computer device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory for storing processor-executable instructions, wherein the processor, when executing the instructions, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 11 to 16.

18. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions thereon, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 11 to 16.

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