Soil fault gas in-situ acquisition observation device and acquisition method

Abstract

The invention provides a soil fault gas in-situ collection and observation device and a collection method, relates to a gas collection technology, and particularly discloses a collection frame, a rotating seat is mounted in the collection frame, a collection rod is rotatably arranged in the rotating seat, a collection pipe is detachably arranged at the end part of the collection rod, and a drill bit is mounted at the end part of the collection pipe; a spiral digging structure is arranged on the outer side wall of the collecting pipe, and a collecting seat and a collecting structure are mounted in the collecting pipe; a collection opening is formed in the outer side wall of the collection pipe; a pushing structure and a linkage structure which are connected with the collecting seat are arranged in the collecting pipe; when the pushing structure pushes the collecting base to move towards one side of the drill bit, the collecting base drives the digging blade to move close to the collecting rod in the axial direction of the collecting pipe through the linkage structure, and then the digging structure exposes the collecting opening in a collecting area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas collection technology, and more specifically, to a soil fault gas in-situ collection and observation device and collection method. Background Technology

[0002] Fault gas refers to gases released from geological faults, such as radon, carbon dioxide, and methane. The concentration and variation patterns of these gases are of great significance for earthquake prediction, geological structure analysis, environmental monitoring, and mineral resource exploration. Traditional fault gas collection methods typically rely on placing static collectors after drilling, but this method has many limitations.

[0003] First, drilling can easily disrupt the original distribution of fault gases, leading to gas leakage or mixing with the atmosphere, thus rendering the collected samples unrepresentative. Second, the collection area is often not effectively sealed, allowing external gases and impurities to easily intrude and contaminate the samples. Furthermore, under complex geological conditions (such as hard rock formations or loose soil), traditional drilling is inefficient, making it difficult to quickly create a stable, sealed collection space, and the collection port is easily blocked by drill cuttings or soil, affecting the continuity and accuracy of the collection. While some improved collection devices exist in the current technology, they mostly focus on drilling functions and lack dedicated structures for gas collection, failing to achieve in-situ, efficient, and pollution-free collection. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ soil fault gas acquisition and observation device, which addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies and solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: This invention provides an in-situ soil fault gas collection and observation device, including a collection frame, a rotating seat installed inside the collection frame, a collection rod rotatably mounted inside the rotating seat, a collection tube detachably mounted at the end of the collection rod, and a drill bit installed at the end of the collection tube. The outer wall of the collection tube is provided with a spiral-shaped cutting structure, and a collection seat is installed inside the collection tube. The side wall of the collection seat is provided with a collection structure for gas collection; a collection port is opened on the outer wall of the collection tube. The collection tube is equipped with a push structure that connects to the collection seat, which is used to drive the collection seat to move toward the drill bit side and then be exposed in the collection port. The acquisition tube is equipped with a linkage structure, which drives the acquisition base and the acquisition structure to move back and forth along the axis of the acquisition tube. When the pusher structure moves the collection seat toward the drill bit, the collection seat drives the cutting blade to move along the axial direction of the collection tube toward the collection rod through the linkage structure. The cutting blade forms a collection area in the ground, and the cutting structure exposes the collection port in the collection area, allowing the collection end of the collection structure to be exposed at the collection port to collect gas.

[0006] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the excavation structure includes an installation cylinder, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the collection tube. The outer wall of the installation cylinder is provided with spiral excavation blades. Two excavation tools are provided on the side of the excavation blades near the drill bit. The linkage structure is connected to the installation cylinder in a transmission manner.

[0007] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the linkage structure includes two guide grooves opened along the axial direction of the collection tube, each guide groove having a guide block slidably disposed therein, the guide block being connected to the inner side wall of the mounting cylinder, a guide wheel being installed inside the collection tube, each guide wheel having a connecting belt wound around it, one end of the connecting belt being connected to the collection seat, and the other end of the connecting belt being connected to the guide block.

[0008] In some technical solutions of this invention, the collection port is connected to the guide groove.

[0009] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a connecting seat is rotatably provided inside the mounting cylinder, and two guide blocks are connected to the connecting seat. A spiral groove is opened on the outer side wall of the collection tube along its axial direction. A sliding seat connected to the inner wall of the mounting cylinder is slidably provided in the groove. An adjustment structure for driving the cutting tool to rotate is installed in the area of ​​the cutting blade near the drill bit.

[0010] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the adjustment structure includes an installation chamber opened in the drilling blade, a rotating shaft connected to the drilling tool is rotatably provided in the installation chamber, an airtight chamber is provided in the drilling blade, a turbine fan blade connected to the rotating shaft is rotatably provided in the airtight chamber, a vent pipe communicating with the airtight chamber is provided in the collection pipe, a negative pressure device is provided in the collection pipe, and the output end of the negative pressure device is connected to the vent pipe. When the drilling blade approaches the collection rod along the axial direction of the collection pipe, the negative pressure device is activated, and the downhole gas located in the collection pipe and placed in the drilling structure and collection area is transported to the airtight chamber to drive the turbine fan blade to rotate the rotating shaft and seal the area of ​​the drilling blade near the drill bit.

[0011] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a groove is provided on the side wall opposite to the inner wall of the excavation hole of the chisel blade, and an airbag structure is embedded in the groove, and the airbag structure is connected to the airtight chamber.

[0012] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the pushing structure includes an electric push rod installed inside the acquisition tube, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod is connected to the acquisition seat.

[0013] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a displacement frame is slidably provided on the side wall of the collection frame, a first helical gear is rotatably provided on the side wall of the displacement frame, a second helical gear that meshes with the first helical gear is provided at the end of the collection rod, a drive motor is provided on the displacement frame, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the shaft of the first helical gear.

[0014] Compared to existing technologies, this invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects: Traditional devices can only form small-diameter boreholes through the drill bit, which cannot effectively expand the collection space, resulting in insufficient gas accumulation. This device, through a chisel structure (such as a spiral chisel blade), discharges the soil or rock strata drilled by the drill bit from the borehole during drilling, forming a dedicated "collection area" within the borehole to ensure sufficient gas exposure; then, through the synergistic action of the linkage structure and the push structure, the chisel blade moves along the collection tube away from the drill bit to fully expose the collection area. This structure then forms a relatively enclosed area within the collection area and accurately exposes the collection structure at the collection port, achieving in-situ collection and reducing interference from external stray gases on the sample gas. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the excavation structure in this invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the excavation structure and the linkage structure in this invention.

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the excavation structure in this invention.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the blade in this invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: 1-Collection frame; 101-Displacement frame; 102-First helical gear; 103-Second helical gear; 104-Drive motor; 105-Windlock structure; 106-Traction rope; 2-Rotating seat; 3-Collection rod; 4-Collection tube; 401-Drill bit; 402-Collection port; 403-Guide groove; 404-Guide block; 405-Slide groove; 406-Sliding seat; 5-Excavation structure; 501-Mounting cylinder; 502 - Chisel blade; 503 - Chisel tool; 504 - Settling trough; 505 - Connecting seat; 6 - Collection seat; 601 - Collection structure; 7 - Pushing structure; 701 - Electric push rod; 8 - Linkage structure; 801 - Guide wheel; 802 - Connecting belt; 9 - Adjustment structure; 901 - Installation chamber; 902 - Rotating shaft; 903 - Airtight chamber; 904 - Turbine fan blade; 905 - Vent pipe; 10 - Negative pressure device; 11 - Airbag structure. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0025] Example This invention provides an in-situ soil fault gas acquisition and observation device, such as... Figures 1-7 As shown, the system includes an L-shaped collection frame 1, which is welded from a steel frame. A rotating seat 2 is bolted to the base of the collection frame 1. A mounting hole is formed in the center of the rotating seat 2, and a bearing is installed inside the mounting hole. The collection rod 3 passes through the bearing and is rotatably mounted within the rotating seat 2. A collection tube 4 is detachably attached to the end of the collection rod 3 via a threaded connection sleeve. A drill bit 401 is installed at the end of the collection tube 4; the end of the drill bit 401 has an external thread that connects to the inner wall of the collection tube 4. The collection rod 3 is a hollow rod body and is connected to the collection tube 4. Several collection rods 3 are available, and multiple sections can be assembled to meet different depth collection needs.

[0026] The outer wall of the collection tube 4 is provided with a spiral-shaped excavation structure 5. When the excavation structure 5, together with the drill bit 401, enters the stratum, it clears and lifts the soil or rock material drilled by the drill bit 401 to form a borehole (gas collection area). This facilitates the entry of gas located at the fault into the borehole, providing working space for the subsequent collection structure 601. A collection seat 6 is installed inside the collection tube 4. The side wall of the collection seat 6 is provided with a collection structure 601 for gas collection. A collection port 402 is opened on the outer wall of the collection tube 4.

[0027] The collection tube 4 is equipped with a push structure 7 connected to the collection seat 6, which is used to drive the collection seat 6 to move towards the drill bit 401 and expose the collection structure 601 in the collection port 402.

[0028] The collection tube 4 is equipped with a linkage structure 8. The collection seat 6 drives the collection structure 601 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the collection tube 4 via the linkage structure 8. When the pushing structure 7 pushes the collection seat 6 towards the drill bit 401, the collection seat 6 drives the excavating blade 502 to move along the axial direction of the collection tube 4 towards the collection rod 3 via the linkage structure 8. The excavating blade 502 forms a collection area underground, and the excavating structure 5 exposes the collection port 402 within the collection area, allowing the collection end of the collection structure 601 located on the collection seat 6 to be exposed at the collection port 402 to collect gas. When the collection port 402 is exposed within the collection area, the collection structure 601 can directly contact the underground gas, enabling the collection structure 601 to collect gas in situ. This device uses a collection rod 3 and a drill bit 401 to drill into the ground, forming an initial borehole. The excavation structure 5 cleans impurities within the drilling area of ​​the drill bit 401, facilitating concentrated gas exposure within the collection area. The push structure 7 (e.g., an electric push rod 701) is activated, propelling the collection seat 6 towards the drill bit 401 until it is exposed at the collection port 402. As the collection seat 6 moves, it drives the excavation structure 5 along the axial direction of the collection tube 4 away from the drill bit 401 via a linkage structure 8. The excavation structure 5 lifts the excavated soil and rock layers, forming a relatively enclosed collection area underground. After the excavation blade 502 moves to a preset position, it exposes the collection port 402 on the outer wall of the collection tube 4 within the collection area. The acquisition structure 601 (such as a sensor or acquisition head) on the acquisition seat 6 is exposed at the acquisition port 402 to collect the gas in the fault or extract the gas in the area. Therefore, the above structure forms a relatively closed acquisition area, which can ensure the representativeness of the gas sample and reduce the contamination of the sample gas by external gas.

[0029] In some technical solutions of this invention, the excavation structure 5 includes an installation cylinder 501, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the collection tube 4. The outer wall of the installation cylinder 501 is provided with spiral-shaped excavation blades 502. Two excavation cutters 503 are provided on the side of the excavation blades 502 near the drill bit 401. A linkage structure 8 is connected to the installation cylinder 501 for transmission. The excavation cutters 503 break up soil or rock as they rotate with the excavation blades 502 on the collection tube 4, assisting the excavation blades 502 in forming a collection area within the strata and reducing wear on the excavation blades 502. The installation cylinder 501 serves as a support carrier for the excavation blades 502, transmitting motion through the linkage structure 8, allowing the excavation blades 502 to move axially. This facilitates subsequent adjustment of the position of the excavation structure 5 and also facilitates maintenance after replacement. The spiral-shaped excavation blades 502 generate shear force during rotation with the collection tube 4, enhancing the hole-reaming effect of the drill bit 401. Furthermore, the cutting tool 503 enhances the cutting capability, enabling it to cope with different geological conditions and increase the speed of forming a collection area. The spiral cutting blade 502 helps with slag removal and stable advancement, reducing jamming. In the later stages, when the spiral blade moves away from the drill bit 401, the soil inside the spiral blade can seal the spiral channel formed between the spiral blade and the inner wall of the borehole, preventing external gas from entering the collection area formed by the spiral blade and reducing the contamination of the sample gas by external gas.

[0030] Preferably, the outer diameter of the drill bit 401 is larger than the outer diameter of the helical blade 502.

[0031] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the linkage structure 8 includes two guide grooves 403 opened along the axial direction of the collection tube 4. Guide blocks 404 are slidably provided in each guide groove 403. The guide blocks 404 are connected to the inner side wall of the mounting cylinder 501. Guide wheels 801 are installed in the collection tube 4. A connecting belt 802 is wound around each guide wheel 801. One end of the connecting belt 802 is connected to the collection seat 6, and the other end of the connecting belt 802 is connected to the guide block 404. One end of the connecting belt 802 is fixed to the collection seat 6, and the other end is fixed to the guide block 404 to realize motion transmission. By using the belt drive mechanism, the linear motion of the collection seat 6 is converted into the reciprocating motion of the mounting cylinder 501, ensuring that the movement of the chisel blade 502 is synchronous and accurate. When the pushing structure pushes the collection seat 6 toward the drill bit 401, the connecting belt 802 (wrapped around the guide wheel 801) pulls the guide block 404 away from the drill bit 401, causing the mounting cylinder 501 to slide upward along the guide groove 403, thereby exposing the collection port 402 on the outer wall of the collection tube 4 to the collection area.

[0032] Preferably, the connecting band 802 is a link structure, comprising several sets of chain segments that are sequentially hinged to each other. Any two adjacent chain segments are connected by a shaft, and a torsion spring, connected to each of the two chain segments, is sleeved on the shaft. This gives the link structure good flexibility, meaning that two adjacent chain segments can be parallel to each other or bend, and the link structure is mostly vertical (when the acquisition seat is in the initial position). Thus, the chain segments within the connecting structure interlock to apply a thrust force to the guide block 404, preventing the mounting cylinder 501 from moving upwards when the acquisition port 402 does not need to be exposed, which could cause the spiral blades to be unable to properly discharge soil and rock from the borehole.

[0033] In some technical solutions of this invention, the collection port 402 is connected to the guide groove 403, facilitating gas entry into the collection port 402 through the guide groove 403. When the collection seat 6 moves to expose the collection port 402, gas flows from the collection area into the collection port 402 via the guide groove 403. The guide groove 403 not only guides the movement of the mounting cylinder 501 but also serves as a gas channel, allowing gas to flow from the collection area to the collection port 402. This structure achieves multiple functions through the guide groove 403, reducing additional openings; it also simplifies the gas flow path design, reduces structural complexity, improves gas collection efficiency, and reduces gas retention.

[0034] In some technical solutions of the present invention, a connecting seat 505 is rotatably provided inside the mounting cylinder 501, and two guide blocks 404 are connected to the connecting seat 505. A spiral groove 405 is opened on the outer side wall of the collection tube 4 along its axial direction. A sliding seat 406 connected to the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 501 is slidably provided in the groove 405. An adjustment structure 9 for driving the rotation of the cutting tool 503 is installed in the area of ​​the cutting blade 502 near the drill bit 401. When the pushing structure pushes the collection seat 6 to move towards the drill bit 401, the connecting belt 802 (wound around the guide wheel 801) pulls the guide block 404 to move away from the drill bit 401, so that the connecting seat 505 inside the mounting cylinder 501 slides upward along the guide groove 403. When the mounting cylinder 501 moves upward along the axial direction of the collection tube 4, the sliding seat 406 moves along the spiral groove 405, driving the mounting cylinder 501 to rotate. The combination of connecting seat 505 and sliding seat 406 converts the axial movement of mounting cylinder 501 into rotational movement, so that when the cutting blade 502 moves upward along the axial direction of the collection tube 4, the friction between the cutting blade 502 and the inner wall of the borehole is reduced, thus preventing the collection area from collapsing. The setting adjustment structure 9 drives the cutting tool 503 to seal the tail end of the spiral channel, preventing soil from falling into the collection area and affecting the gas entering the collection area.

[0035] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the adjustment structure 9 includes an installation chamber 901 opened in the drilling blade 502, a rotating shaft 902 rotatably connected to the drilling tool 503 is provided in the installation chamber 901, an airtight chamber 903 is provided in the drilling blade 502, a turbine fan blade 904 rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 902 is provided in the airtight chamber 903, a vent pipe 905 communicating with the airtight chamber 903 is provided in the collection pipe 4, a negative pressure device 10 is provided in the collection pipe 4, and the output end of the negative pressure device 10 is connected to the vent pipe 905. When the drilling blade 502 approaches the collection rod 3 along the axial direction of the collection pipe 4, after the pressure sensor on the negative pressure device 10 is no longer squeezed by the installation cylinder, the pressure sensor transmits the signal to the processor, and the processor controls the negative pressure device 10 to start, so as to transport the downhole gas in the collection pipe 4 to the airtight chamber 903, which is used to drive the turbine fan blade 904 to drive the rotating shaft 902 to rotate, and then seal the area of ​​the drilling blade 502 near the drill bit 401. When the drilling blade 502 approaches the collection rod 3 along the axial direction, the trigger switch on the connecting seat 505 disengages from the start button of the negative pressure device 10, and the negative pressure device 10 starts, transporting the downhole gas in the collection pipe 4 to the airtight chamber 903 through the ventilation pipe 905.

[0036] Downhole gas is used to drive the turbine blades 904 in the airtight chamber 903 to rotate. The turbine blades 904 drive the cutting tool 503 to rotate via the rotating shaft 902. After the cutting tool 503 rotates, it seals the end of the spiral channel of the cutting blade 502 near the drill bit 401 to prevent soil impurities from entering the collection area.

[0037] In some technical solutions of this invention, a groove 504 is formed on the side wall of the excavating blade 502 opposite to the inner wall of the borehole. An airbag structure 11 is embedded in the groove 504 and communicates with the airtight chamber 903. The airbag structure 11 is embedded in the groove 504 of the excavating blade 502 and communicates with the airtight chamber 903. When the airtight chamber 903 is filled with downhole gas, the airbag expands and fits against the inner wall of the borehole. The airbag forms a sealing layer and a smooth friction surface, which, together with the excavating blade 502, isolates the collection area. The above structure uses the pressure change of the airtight chamber 903 to control the expansion and contraction of the airbag, realizes dynamic sealing, prevents gas leakage or external contamination, enhances the stability of the collection area, and reduces the interference of air gas on the sample gas in the formation.

[0038] In some technical solutions of the present invention, the pushing structure 7 includes an electric push rod 701 installed inside the collection tube 4, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod 701 is connected to the collection seat 6. When the electric push rod 701 is activated, it pushes the collection seat 6 toward the drill bit 401 to push the collection structure 601 to the collection port 402, or pulls back the collection seat 6 so that the mounting cylinder 501 closes the collection port 402, preparing for the next gas collection.

[0039] In some technical solutions of this invention, a displacement frame 101 is slidably mounted on the side wall of the collection frame 1. A first helical gear 102 is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the displacement frame 101. A second helical gear 103 meshes with the first helical gear 102 at the end of the collection rod 3. A drive motor 104 is mounted on the displacement frame 101, and the output end of the drive motor 104 is connected to the shaft of the first helical gear 102 via a transmission connection. When the drive motor 104 starts, it drives the first helical gear 102 to rotate. The first helical gear 102 meshes with the second helical gear 103 at the end of the collection rod 3, driving the collection rod 3 to rotate, thereby driving the collection tube 4 and the drill bit 401 to drill into the ground. The rotational motion of the drive motor 104 is converted into the rotation of the collection rod 3 through helical gear transmission, providing drilling power. The slidably mounted displacement frame 101 allows adjustment of the drilling point position, realizing multi-position collection and improving the collection effect of this structure.

[0040] Preferably, the collection frame 1 is equipped with a winch structure 105, and the traction rope 106 inside the winch structure 105 is connected to the displacement frame 101, so as to facilitate the collection tube 4 to be lifted out of the collection area and prepared for the next area to carry out gas collection tasks.

[0041] A method for collecting data using an in-situ soil fault gas collection and observation device includes the following steps: The collection rod 3 and collection tube 4 are driven to rotate, and the drill bit 401 and the excavation structure 5 are used to drill into the strata and form an initial borehole; The push structure 7 is activated, which pushes the acquisition seat 6 to move along the acquisition tube 4 toward the drill bit 401; The movement of the collection seat 6 drives the excavation structure 5 to move along the axial direction of the collection tube 4 toward the collection rod 3 through the linkage structure 8, thereby expanding and forming a gas collection area in the initial borehole, while exposing the collection port 402 on the tube wall of the collection tube 4 to the gas collection area. As the collection seat 6 is pushed to the preset position, the collection structure 601 installed on it is exposed to the gas collection area through the collection port 402 to collect the fault gas in the area in situ; when the excavation structure 5 moves to the preset position, the adjustment structure 9 and the negative pressure device 10 are activated to drive the excavation tool 503 at the end of the excavation structure 5 to rotate, and / or to inflate the airbag structure 11 to seal the bottom channel of the gas collection area and isolate the external environment.

[0042] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device, characterized in that, The device includes a collection frame, a rotating seat installed inside the collection frame, a collection rod rotatably mounted inside the rotating seat, a collection tube detachably mounted at the end of the collection rod, and a drill bit mounted at the end of the collection tube. The outer wall of the collection tube is provided with a spiral-shaped cutting structure, a collection seat is installed inside the collection tube, and a collection structure for gas collection is provided on the side wall of the collection seat; a collection port is opened on the outer wall of the collection tube. The collection tube is equipped with a push structure connected to the collection seat. The push structure is used to drive the collection seat to move toward the drill bit side so that the collection structure is exposed in the collection port. The collection tube is equipped with a linkage structure, and the collection seat drives the excavation structure to reciprocate along the axial direction of the collection tube through the linkage structure. When the pushing structure pushes the collection seat toward the drill bit, the collection seat drives the excavation structure to move along the axial direction of the collection tube toward the collection rod through the linkage structure. The excavation structure forms a collection area in the ground, and the excavation structure exposes the collection port in the collection area, so that the collection end of the collection structure can collect the gas entering the collection port.

2. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excavation structure includes an installation cylinder, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the collection tube. The outer wall of the installation cylinder is provided with spiral excavation blades. Two excavation tools are provided on the side of the excavation blades near the drill bit. The linkage structure is connected to the installation cylinder in a driving connection.

3. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The linkage structure includes two guide grooves opened along the axial direction of the collection tube, and guide blocks are slidably arranged in each guide groove. The guide blocks are connected to the inner side wall of the mounting cylinder. Guide wheels are installed in the collection tube, and connecting belts are wound around each guide wheel. One end of the connecting belt is connected to the collection seat, and the other end of the connecting belt is connected to the guide block.

4. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collection port is connected to the guide groove.

5. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting cylinder is rotatably provided with a connecting seat, and both guide blocks are connected to the connecting seat. A spiral groove is opened along the axial direction on the outer wall of the collection tube. A sliding seat connected to the inner wall of the mounting cylinder is slidably provided in the groove. An adjustment structure for driving the cutting tool to rotate is installed in the area of ​​the cutting blade near the drill bit.

6. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjustment structure includes an installation chamber within the drilling blade, a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the drilling tool within the installation chamber, an airtight chamber within the drilling blade, a turbine blade connected to the rotating shaft within the airtight chamber, a venting pipe communicating with the airtight chamber within the collection pipe, and a negative pressure device within the collection pipe. The output end of the negative pressure device is connected to the venting pipe. When the drilling blade moves along the axial direction of the collection pipe towards the collection rod to a preset position, the negative pressure device is activated, delivering downhole gas located in the collection pipe to the airtight chamber to drive the turbine blade to rotate the rotating shaft, thereby causing the drilling tool to rotate and seal the channel below the drilling blade.

7. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A groove is formed on the side wall of the excavating blade opposite to the inner wall of the excavation hole. An airbag structure is embedded in the groove and the airbag structure is connected to the airtight chamber.

8. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pushing structure includes an electric push rod installed inside the acquisition tube, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod is connected to the acquisition base.

9. The soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to claim 8, characterized in that, A displacement frame is slidably mounted on the side wall of the collection frame, and a first helical gear is rotatably mounted on the side wall of the displacement frame. A second helical gear meshes with the first helical gear at the end of the collection rod. A drive motor is mounted on the displacement frame, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the shaft of the first helical gear.

10. A data acquisition method based on the soil fault gas in-situ acquisition and observation device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The drive rod and collection tube rotate, and the drill bit and excavation structure are used to drill in the strata and form the initial borehole; The actuator is activated, propelling the data acquisition seat along the data acquisition tube toward the drill bit. The movement of the collection seat drives the excavation structure to move along the axis of the collection tube toward the collection rod through the linkage structure, thereby expanding and forming a gas collection area in the initial borehole, while exposing the collection port on the side wall of the collection tube to the gas collection area. As the collection seat moves to the preset position, the collection structure installed on it is exposed to the gas collection area through the collection port to collect the fault gas in situ within the area; when the excavation structure moves to the preset position, the adjustment structure and negative pressure device are activated to drive the excavation tool at the end of the excavation structure to rotate, and / or to inflate the airbag structure to seal the bottom channel of the gas collection area and isolate it from the external environment.

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