Dangerous area cabin environment control device, system and method of maritime work platform

Abstract

The invention relates to a dangerous area cabin environment control device, system and method of a maritime work platform, and belongs to the field of ship environment control, a refrigeration compressor, a condenser and a throttle valve form a refrigeration compression closed loop, a refrigerant circulation channel and an SCO microreactor are arranged in a double-channel microreactor in parallel, an efficient heat exchange filler is filled between the two channels, and the SCO microreactor is connected with the refrigerant circulation channel. The dangerous gas concentration removal loop is sequentially connected in series with the anti-explosion monitoring inlet unit, the gas conveying unit, the SCO micro-reactor and the reaction gas inlet, and the refrigeration compression closed loop and the dangerous gas concentration removal loop form a heat exchange and airflow mixing coupling interface between the dual-channel micro-reactor and the evaporative cooling air supply unit. And the sensing differential pressure and bypass unit is connected in parallel to front and rear airflow channels of the SCO microreactor and is used for monitoring the filth blockage state of the catalyst bed and adjusting the bypass flow. According to the invention, real-time monitoring and early warning are facilitated, hazardous gas is removed through efficient catalytic oxidation, waste heat is recycled, temperature and relative humidity are intelligently regulated and controlled, and multiple safety interlocking is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of marine environmental control technology, and in particular to an environmental control device, system and method for hazardous area compartments (such as power battery rooms) on a platform. Background Technology

[0002] Offshore platforms, as crucial facilities for offshore operations, may generate or accumulate flammable and explosive gases in specific functional compartments (such as power battery rooms and storage battery rooms) during equipment operation. Hydrogen, with its low density, tendency to accumulate at the top of confined spaces, and wide explosive limit range, is one of the most significant safety hazards. Environmental control in these hazardous compartments directly impacts equipment reliability and the safety of crew members and their property; therefore, it is essential to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of controlling hazardous gas concentrations and regulating temperature and relative humidity. Currently, the industry commonly employs a traditional approach where mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems operate independently. This involves continuously introducing large amounts of fresh outdoor air to dilute and replace hazardous gases within the compartments, maintaining gas concentrations below the lower explosive limit, and separately configuring air conditioning equipment to regulate temperature and relative humidity, ensuring the normal operation of electrical equipment.

[0003] However, existing technical solutions have significant drawbacks. First, the ventilation and air conditioning systems are functionally isolated, lacking effective coordination, resulting in low overall system integration, large space requirements, and increased layout difficulty and initial investment costs within the limited space of the offshore platform. Second, to meet hydrogen safety dilution requirements, ventilation systems often require high air exchange rates, leading to a large influx of untreated, high-humidity, and high-temperature marine air into the compartments. This significantly increases the cooling, heating, and humidity loads and energy consumption of the air conditioning system, especially in the high-humidity marine environment, easily causing excessive relative humidity within the compartments, which in turn affects the insulation performance and lifespan of electrical equipment. Furthermore, the continuously operating high-volume ventilation mode does not differentiate between normal and abnormal operating conditions. For scenarios such as the power battery room, where only a small amount of hydrogen is generated during equipment charging and discharging, there is a clear phenomenon of "over-processing," resulting in serious energy waste.

[0004] For scenarios with low leakage and intermittent hydrogen production, such as those in battery compartments, existing technologies struggle to achieve efficient and precise handling. These compartments generate relatively small amounts of hydrogen, but it requires timely removal. Traditional dilution ventilation methods cannot actively capture and rapidly remove free hydrogen, relying solely on passive diffusion dilution, which is slow and inefficient. Furthermore, existing hydrogen processing devices are mostly independent structures, failing to integrate with the compartment's heat dissipation requirements. This results in the ineffective utilization of waste heat generated by the refrigeration compressor, hindering improvements in system energy efficiency. How to achieve rapid response and efficient removal of small doses of hydrogen without increasing or even reducing energy consumption, and how to organically integrate the gas processing process with compartment temperature and relative humidity control, has become a pressing technical challenge in the field of environmental control for hazardous areas of offshore platforms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to solve the safety hazards and environmental control problems caused by the accumulation of flammable and explosive gases in dangerous compartments of offshore engineering platforms. It provides a comprehensive environmental control device, system and method that can monitor and warn in real time, efficiently remove dangerous gases by catalytic oxidation, recover and utilize waste heat, intelligently regulate temperature and relative humidity and has multiple safety interlocks.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an environmental control device for hazardous area compartments of an offshore platform, comprising an explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit, a gas delivery unit, a dual-channel microreactor, an evaporative cooling air supply unit, a differential pressure sensing and bypass unit, and a refrigeration compression closed loop consisting of a refrigeration compressor, a condenser, and a throttle valve. The dual-channel microreactor has a first refrigerant circulation channel and a second SCO microreactor arranged in parallel within it, with a high-efficiency heat exchange filler between the two channels. A hazardous gas concentration removal loop is connected in series with the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit, the gas delivery unit, the SCO microreactor, and the reaction gas inlet of the evaporative cooling air supply unit. The refrigeration compression closed loop and the hazardous gas concentration removal loop form a coupling interface for heat exchange and airflow mixing at the dual-channel microreactor and the evaporative cooling air supply unit. The differential pressure sensing and bypass unit is connected in parallel to the front and rear airflow channels of the SCO microreactor, and can be used to monitor the clogging status of the SCO microreactor and the catalyst reaction efficiency within the SCO microreactor, and can adjust the bypass flow rate.

[0007] Preferably, the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit is provided with a hydrogen sensing device, a fireproof grille and a catalytic oxidation plate in sequence. The hydrogen sensing device includes a hydrogen sensor and a temperature sensor and has a signal output function. The fireproof grille is made of fireproof brass wire mesh. The catalytic oxidation plate is a passive hydrogen recombination device to pre-eliminate low-concentration hydrogen at room temperature. It is detachable and replaceable.

[0008] Preferably, the air pressure generated by the gas delivery unit is configured to overcome the circulation resistance of the SCO process and the de-loop, and the air flow rate is actively adjusted according to the system control command.

[0009] Preferably, the SCO microreactor is loaded with a modified Pt / Al2O3 selective catalytic oxidation (renewable) catalyst, and the high-efficiency heat exchange packing material adopts a detachable structure and is sandwiched between the refrigerant circulation channel and the SCO microreactor to achieve efficient heat transfer and catalyst replacement.

[0010] Preferably, the evaporative cooling air supply unit integrates an evaporator, an air supply device, a return air vent, a reaction gas inlet, and a mixed air outlet. The return air vent and the mixed air outlet are both made of fireproof brass wire mesh. The reaction gas inlet receives the high-temperature reaction gas discharged from the SCO microreactor and mixes it with the return air from the chamber cooled by the evaporator before being sent out by the air supply device.

[0011] Preferably, the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit has a built-in differential pressure sensor and calculation module. It can calculate the gas flow rate and sense the catalyst bed blockage by monitoring the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the SCO microreactor in real time. It can also detect the hydrogen concentration in the gas after the reaction and adjust the opening of the built-in bypass valve according to the air supply status parameters (temperature, relative humidity, hydrogen concentration) at the mixed air outlet to dynamically optimize the bypass reaction gas flow rate.

[0012] The technical solution of this invention provides an environmental control system for hazardous area compartments of an offshore engineering platform. The system employs an environmental control device for hazardous area compartments of an offshore engineering platform. The explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit is located in a high-level area rich in hydrogen or near the equipment body. The hydrogen sensing device serves as the system logic control hub. By sensing the hydrogen concentration and air temperature in real time, it controls the start and stop of the gas delivery unit, the start of the turbulence fan in the compartment, and the emergency opening of the emergency ventilation system. It also triggers a safety interlock when the concentration or temperature exceeds the limit.

[0013] Preferably, the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit dynamically adjusts the mixing ratio of the bypass reaction gas flow rate and the main reaction gas flow rate processed by the SCO microreactor based on the air temperature and relative humidity monitoring data at the return air inlet and the mixing air outlet, thereby achieving closed-loop precise control of the cabin environment temperature and relative humidity.

[0014] The technical solution of this invention provides a method for controlling the environment of hazardous compartments in offshore engineering platforms. Multiple sets (one spare set) of hazardous compartment environment control devices are configured in high-risk hydrogen areas of the offshore engineering platform. These multiple sets (one spare set) are redundant backups of each other and independently provide signals for compartment malfunctions, explosions, or fires, collectively serving as a safe trigger source for accident ventilation judgment and equipment power-off commands. Multiple sets of the aforementioned turbulence fans are added to the top area of ​​the compartment to continuously turbulently mix the air at the top, thereby improving the sampling representativeness and hydrogen capture efficiency of the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit. Includes the following steps: The explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit located on the top of the compartment continuously monitors and actively captures hydrogen-containing gas mixtures, and uses a passive hydrogen recombination device to pre-eliminate low-concentration hydrogen gas under room temperature conditions. The gas delivery unit pressurizes and delivers the pre-treated gas to the SCO microreactor channel of the dual-channel microreactor, while the high-temperature refrigerant discharged by the refrigeration compressor flows through the parallel refrigerant circulation channel and supplies reaction heat through the high-efficiency heat exchange filler. Hydrogen is selectively catalytically oxidized to generate a high-temperature reaction gas under the action of a catalyst. This reaction gas enters the evaporation cooling air supply unit and mixes with the return air of the chamber cooled by the evaporator. Based on the air condition monitoring data at the return air inlet and the mixing air outlet, the bypass flow rate is dynamically adjusted by the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit to adjust the mixing ratio, thereby achieving precise control of the cooling air temperature and relative humidity at the mixing air outlet.

[0015] Preferably, when the hydrogen sensor detects that the hydrogen concentration has reached or exceeded the lower explosive limit, or detects that the air temperature is much higher than the normal operating temperature of the equipment, it immediately triggers the emergency ventilation device to start and sends a power-off command to the cabin power supply system, and simultaneously sends a fault alarm information to the operation and maintenance personnel, forming a complete safety interlock protection mechanism based on the dual criteria of gas concentration and temperature.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: This invention integrates a multi-level protection structure consisting of a hydrogen sensor, a fireproof grille, and a passive catalytic oxidation plate into the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit. This structure enables real-time monitoring and timely capture of small amounts of hydrogen leaking from equipment inside the cabin during normal operation. It also allows for the slow oxidation of oxidizable components in the air at room temperature, effectively avoiding the risk of explosion caused by the accumulation of low-concentration hydrogen and significantly improving the operational stability and safety of the cabin equipment.

[0017] Meanwhile, this invention organically couples the selective catalytic oxidation removal process of hydrogen with the operation of the cabin heat dissipation equipment. The high-temperature exhaust waste heat generated by the refrigeration compressor is directly used to maintain the temperature required for the SCO catalytic reaction through a dual-channel micro reactor. The high-temperature gas after the reaction is mixed with the cabin return air after evaporation cooling in the evaporation cooling air supply unit, so that a single device can simultaneously complete the dual functions of hazardous gas removal and cabin air cooling, which greatly improves the system integration and operating efficiency.

[0018] This invention fully utilizes the waste heat resources generated by the closed-loop refrigeration and compression circuit to provide a continuous and stable heat source for the SCO microreactor. Through a highly efficient heat exchange packing material, the heat from the high-temperature refrigerant in the first channel is efficiently transferred to the catalytic oxidation bed in the second channel. This maintains the catalyst within its optimal activity temperature window without the need for additional electric heating devices, significantly reducing system energy consumption. Simultaneously, this invention uses an internal circulation process to repeatedly purify and cool the cabin air, greatly reducing the need for large-scale introduction of outdoor fresh air to dilute hazardous gases, as required by traditional solutions. This reduces the additional cooling load caused by fresh air handling. Combined with intelligent adjustment and optimization of the bypass flow rate by a pressure differential sensing and bypass unit, the overall operating energy consumption of the air conditioning unit is effectively reduced, achieving cascaded energy utilization and optimal system energy efficiency.

[0019] This invention possesses high adaptability and specificity. Depending on the actual types of hazardous gases present in the hazardous area, one or more gas sensors can be flexibly coupled into the hydrogen sensing device of the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit to expand the monitoring range. Simultaneously, the dual-channel microreactor employs a detachable assembly structure, allowing for the selective selection of SCO microreactors loaded with different active components or replacement of corresponding catalysts to achieve selective catalytic oxidation treatment of various flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane. Furthermore, the placement of the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit can be specifically optimized based on gas density characteristics and chamber structure, preferentially installed in high-level areas where hydrogen easily accumulates or above the equipment body, ensuring early and efficient capture and precise treatment of high-concentration hazardous gases, meeting the personalized safety requirements of different marine engineering application scenarios.

[0020] This invention establishes a comprehensive dual-criteria safety interlock protection mechanism. In extreme situations where equipment malfunctions within the cabin lead to the generation of large quantities of hazardous gases, the hydrogen sensing device, through real-time monitoring of gas concentration and air temperature, can immediately trigger the emergency ventilation system when the hydrogen concentration reaches the lower explosive limit or the temperature rises abnormally. Simultaneously, it cuts off power to unnecessary equipment to prevent secondary disasters. The system employs a redundant configuration with one active and one standby unit, providing independent fault signals to each other, ensuring reliable safety monitoring and emergency response capabilities even during the failure or maintenance of a single unit. Simultaneously, the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit continuously monitors the pressure difference before and after the reactor to detect catalyst bed fouling. When the pressure difference exceeds the limit, it promptly alarms to prompt replacement or regeneration, ensuring the system's processing capacity and reliability under long-term operation and emergency conditions, effectively preventing further diffusion of hazardous gases and escalation of accidents. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device in the hazardous area compartment environment control device, system and method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system in the hazardous area compartment environmental control device, system and method of an offshore platform according to the present invention.

[0022] Attached reference numerals: 1. Explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit; 1-1. Hydrogen sensor; 1-2. Fireproof grille; 1-3. Catalytic oxidation plate; 2. Gas delivery unit; 3. Dual-channel microreactor; 3-1. Refrigerant circulation channel; 3-2. High-efficiency heat exchange filler; 3-3. SCO microreactor; 4. Evaporative cooling air supply unit; 4-1. Evaporator; 4-2. Air supply device; 4-3. Return air outlet; 4-4. Reaction gas inlet; 4-5. Mixed air outlet; 5. Refrigeration compressor; 6. Condenser; 7. Throttling valve; 8. Differential pressure sensing and bypass unit; 9. Turbulence fan; 10. Emergency exhaust device; 11. Natural air outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: This invention discloses an environmental control device for hazardous area compartments on an offshore engineering platform. The device includes components such as an explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1, a gas delivery unit 2, a dual-channel micro reactor 3, a refrigeration compressor 5, a condenser 6, a throttle valve 7, an evaporative cooling air supply unit 4, a differential pressure sensing and bypass unit 8, and a maintenance valve. Through the synergistic coupling of a refrigeration compression closed loop and a hazardous gas concentration active / passive removal loop, it achieves safety monitoring, catalytic oxidation treatment, and temperature environment control of flammable and explosive gases in the compartment.

[0025] The entire system consists of two main working loops. The first is a closed-loop refrigeration compression loop, which includes the refrigeration compressor 5, the refrigerant circulation channel 3-1 in the dual-channel microreactor 3, the condenser 6, the throttle valve 7, and the cooling coil of the evaporator 4-1 in the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4. This loop preferably uses high exhaust temperature refrigerants such as R410A. The second is a hazardous gas concentration (active / passive) removal loop, which includes the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1, the gas delivery unit 2, the SCO microreactor 3-3 in the dual-channel microreactor 3, and the reaction gas inlet 4-4 in the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4. The two loops form a key interface for heat exchange and airflow mixing at the dual-channel microreactor 3 and the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4, and output a cabin malfunction explosion or fire signal to achieve safety interlock.

[0026] The explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1 serves as the system's front-end sensing and preliminary processing module. Internally, it integrates a hydrogen sensor 1-1, a fireproof grille 1-2, and a catalytic oxidation plate 1-3, forming a multi-level protection structure. The hydrogen sensor 1-1 employs a composite sensing design, with a core comprising a hydrogen sensor and a temperature sensor. It can flexibly couple one or more gas sensors based on the composition of other hazardous gases in the hazardous area. All sensors have signal output capabilities, allowing real-time feedback of monitoring data to the system control unit. The fireproof grille 1-2, preferably made of fireproof brass wire mesh, is located at the unit's air inlet, physically preventing external flames or high-temperature particles from entering the system. The catalytic oxidation plate 1-3 is located deep inside the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1. A passive hydrogen recombiner (PAR) is selected as the preferred solution. It can automatically catalytically oxidize low-concentration hydrogen using oxygen in the air at room temperature, thus completing the pre-elimination of hydrogen and reducing the load on subsequent processing. The catalytic oxidation plate 1-3 can start the oxidation reaction in a low-concentration hydrogen environment without the need for external energy input. Furthermore, the catalytic oxidation plate 1-3 is removable and replaceable to meet the needs of regular maintenance.

[0027] Gas delivery unit 2 is connected to the outlet end of explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1. Its function is to provide sufficient air pressure to overcome the circulation resistance in the low-concentration hydrogen selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) process and the entire airflow path, including overcoming the gas delivery resistance in the (active / passive) removal loop, while meeting the electrical safety requirements of the explosion-proof area. This unit preferably uses a high-speed, low-noise, multi-speed adjustable fan, which can adjust the speed according to system control commands to achieve active regulation of airflow, ensuring stable and reliable gas delivery capacity under different hazardous gas concentrations. In addition, gas delivery unit 2 can be equipped with a sensor module to monitor the hazardous gas concentration.

[0028] The dual-channel microreactor 3, serving as the system's thermal management and core reaction component, is detachably assembled from three parts: a refrigerant circulation channel 3-1, a high-efficiency heat exchange filler 3-2, and an SCO microreactor 3-3 (SCO unit), forming a unique dual-medium parallel flow channel structure. The refrigerant circulation channel 3-1, located in the first channel, is directly connected to the refrigeration compression closed loop, receiving high-temperature, high-pressure exhaust gas from the refrigeration compressor 5. The SCO microreactor 3-3 constitutes the second channel, which can be selectively configured according to the hazardous gas components contained in the chamber. It serves as the chamber's air circulation channel, with its inlet connected to the gas delivery unit 2 and its outlet connected to the reaction gas inlet 4-4 of the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4. It is internally loaded with a selective catalytic oxidation catalyst; a modified Pt / Al2O3 catalyst is preferred for the compressor exhaust temperature conditions, as this catalyst exhibits excellent selective oxidation activity for hydrogen at higher temperature windows. The two channels are connected in a detachable manner, with the interlayer filled with a high-efficiency heat exchange packing material 3-2. This packing material has extremely high thermal conductivity and specific surface area, which can efficiently transfer the heat of the high-temperature refrigerant in the first channel to the second channel, providing and maintaining sufficient reaction temperature for the catalytic reaction in the SCO microreactor 3-3, ensuring that complete oxidation can still be achieved under low-concentration hydrogen conditions. At the same time, this detachable structure facilitates the replacement and regeneration of the catalyst and the maintenance of the heat exchange packing material.

[0029] Evaporative cooling air supply unit 4 serves as the terminal air handling and distribution module of the system, forming a dual-airflow mixed cooling structure. It includes an evaporative cooling heat exchanger, a high-efficiency low-noise circulating fan, etc. It can receive hazardous gas reaction gas and circulating air from the cabin, and send the mixed air out from the air outlet through the circulating fan. It also contains a cooling coil, which uses refrigerant evaporation to cool the air during the circulation process.

[0030] Specifically, the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4 integrates an evaporator 4-1, an air supply device 4-2, a return air vent 4-3, a reaction gas inlet 4-4, and a mixed air outlet 4-5. The reaction gas inlet 4-4 is directly connected to the outlet of the SCO microreactor 3-3 and is used to receive the high-temperature reaction gas after catalytic oxidation treatment. It is preferably made of fire-resistant brass wire mesh. The return air in the chamber enters the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4 through the return air vent 4-3, is cooled by the evaporator 4-1, mixes with the high-temperature reaction gas, and is then sent out from the mixed air outlet 4-5 by the air supply device 4-2. The return air vent 4-3 is preferably made of fire-resistant brass wire mesh to ensure safety. The return airflow first passes through the cooling coil in the evaporator 4-1, where the refrigerant evaporation absorbs heat to cool the circulating air. It then mixes thoroughly with the high-temperature reaction gas in the mixing chamber inside the unit, achieving heat neutralization, relative humidity regulation, and uniform airflow. Finally, the mixed safe air is delivered back to the compartment from the mixed air outlet 4-5 by the air supply device 4-2. The air supply device 4-2 preferably uses a high-efficiency, low-noise circulating fan with speed control. The mixed air outlet 4-5 also uses fire-resistant brass wire mesh. The device monitors the return air status parameters through a sensor at the return air inlet 4-3 and feeds the data back to the control unit. This, in turn, adjusts the airflow of the gas delivery unit 2 and the bypass flow of the sensing pressure difference / bypass unit 8, ultimately achieving closed-loop control of the air supply status (temperature or relative humidity) at the mixed air outlet 4-5.

[0031] The refrigeration compressor 5, as the power core of the refrigeration cycle, has its suction port connected to the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 4-1. It compresses the low-pressure gas formed after evaporation into a high-pressure, high-temperature gas, which is then discharged into the refrigerant circulation channel 3-1 of the dual-channel microreactor 3, providing a heat source for the SCO reaction. The condenser 6 is connected to the outlet end of the refrigerant circulation channel 3-1. Its function is to release the heat absorbed during the cycle to the external cooling medium and cool the refrigerant from a gaseous state to a liquid state, achieving refrigerant condensation and liquefaction. The throttling valve 7 is connected in series between the condenser 6 and the evaporator 4-1. Through throttling, it reduces the refrigerant pressure, creating conditions for the evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator 4-1, thus completing the pressure and temperature changes of the refrigeration cycle.

[0032] The differential pressure sensing and bypass unit 8 is connected in parallel to the front and rear airflow channels of the SCO microreactor 3-3. This unit integrates a differential pressure sensor and a calculation module, indirectly calculating the gas flow rate by monitoring the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the reactor in real time. This allows it to detect the fouling or blockage of the catalyst bed inside the SCO microreactor 3-3. When the differential pressure exceeds a preset threshold, an alarm signal is triggered, prompting operators to replace or regenerate the catalyst in a timely manner. Simultaneously, this unit can dynamically adjust the bypass reaction gas flow rate by adjusting the opening of the built-in bypass valve based on the air conditioning supply parameters at the mixing air outlet 4-5. This optimizes system energy consumption and airflow distribution while ensuring safe operation, guaranteeing the stability and economy of the cabin environment control.

[0033] Example 2: This embodiment, based on Embodiment 1, further provides an environmental control system for hazardous area compartments of an offshore platform. This system, by strategically arranging the aforementioned hazardous area compartment environmental control devices and combining them with compartment operating characteristics and fault modes, forms a complete intelligent environmental safety management solution.

[0034] In specific deployment, the installation location of the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1 should be preferentially selected in high-level areas where hydrogen is easily enriched or near the equipment body. These locations are usually hazardous gas accumulation points due to differences in gas density or process characteristics. By centrally deploying monitoring units in such key areas, high-concentration hydrogen can be efficiently captured and early warning can be achieved. The hydrogen sensor 1-1 in the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1 not only continuously monitors the hydrogen concentration and air temperature at the accumulation point, but also serves as the logical control hub of the entire system. It directly determines the start and stop status of the gas delivery unit 2 by sensing the hydrogen concentration level in real time, and simultaneously controls the start timing of the turbulence fan 9 in the cabin and the emergency opening of the emergency exhaust system. In addition, by monitoring the air temperature at the top of the cabin, it can be used as a second-level criterion to identify whether a fire or abnormally high temperature has occurred in the cabin. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, the emergency exhaust mechanism is also triggered, forming a dual redundancy judgment of concentration and temperature. When the hydrogen concentration in the cabin air is confirmed to be below the lower explosive limit, the gas delivery unit 2 is allowed to start, thus providing a safety prerequisite for subsequent processing procedures.

[0035] In this system architecture, highly enriched hazardous hydrogen gas first enters the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1 through the physical barrier of the fireproof grille 1-2. The fireproof grille 1-2 preferably has a fireproof brass wire mesh structure, which can effectively intercept external ignition sources and ensure smooth airflow. The hydrogen gas entering the unit undergoes preliminary room temperature oxidation on the surface of the catalytic oxidation plate 1-3. The catalytic oxidation plate 1-3 preferably uses a passive hydrogen recombination device, which can start the oxidation reaction under low concentration conditions without external energy, realizing the pre-elimination of hydrogen gas and reducing the load of subsequent processing. The gas that has undergone preliminary treatment is pressurized by the gas delivery unit 2. This unit preferably uses a high-speed, low-noise, multi-speed adjustable fan, and the pressure generated is sufficient to overcome the airflow resistance of the selective catalytic oxidation process and the entire removal loop. At the same time, it delivers the hydrogen-containing gas to the catalytic oxidation passage, i.e., the second channel, of the dual-channel microreactor 3. Within the dual-channel microreactor 3, hydrogen-containing gas flows through the SCO microreactor 3-3, where it comes into full contact with the modified Pt / Al2O3 catalyst loaded inside. This catalyst is optimized for the exhaust temperature conditions of the refrigeration compressor 5 and exhibits excellent selective oxidation activity for hydrogen under high-temperature conditions. The heat required for the reaction is continuously supplied through the high-temperature refrigerant in the first channel and the high-efficiency heat exchange packing 3-2 between the second channel. This allows the hydrogen to react with oxygen under the action of the catalyst to generate water vapor, ultimately forming a safe reaction gas with a higher temperature but a significantly reduced hydrogen concentration, thus completing the core processing of the active / passive removal loop.

[0036] The system controls the temperature and relative humidity of the cabin environment by adjusting the air supply status of the hazardous area cabin environment control device. Specifically, the control objective focuses on the mixing ratio of SCO reaction gas and evaporative cooled air. The bypass unit 8, which is a pressure differential sensor, dynamically adjusts the ratio of the bypass reaction gas flow rate to the main airflow treated by the SCO reaction, thereby changing the temperature of the reaction gas entering the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4. Inside the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4, the cabin return air enters through the return air vent 4-3 and is cooled by the cooling coil of the evaporator 4-1 before mixing with the high-temperature reaction gas. The adjustment of the mixing ratio directly determines the supply air temperature and relative humidity parameters at the mixed air outlet 4-5. The system acquires status data in real time through the sensing device at the return air vent 4-3 and feeds it back to the control unit, forming a closed-loop regulation of the gas delivery unit 2 and the bypass unit, ultimately achieving precise control of the cabin environment temperature and relative humidity. During this process, the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit 8 not only undertakes the function of flow regulation, but its built-in differential pressure sensor continuously monitors the pressure difference in the airflow channels before and after the SCO microreactor 3-3. By calculating the flow rate, it senses the degree of fouling in the catalyst bed. When the differential pressure exceeds the preset threshold, it triggers an alarm to prompt the operator to replace or regenerate the catalyst, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the system.

[0037] The system's safety interlock protection mechanism uses hydrogen sensor 1-1 as the trigger source. When the hydrogen concentration in the compartment is detected to be higher than the lower explosive limit, or when the temperature in the top area is too high due to smoke accumulation, hydrogen sensor 1-1 immediately outputs a fault signal to activate emergency ventilation device 10, and simultaneously cuts off the power supply to other non-essential operating equipment in the compartment to prevent secondary accidents. The number of air changes in the emergency ventilation strictly follows relevant specifications to ensure that the concentration of hazardous gases is rapidly reduced and high-temperature flue gas is discharged in emergency situations. The entire system ensures reaction temperature and cooling capacity through a refrigeration compression closed loop, removes hydrogen through a hazardous gas concentration removal loop, and forms an organic whole through thermal coupling of the dual-channel microreactor 3 and airflow mixing with the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4 at both ends. The intelligent adjustment of the sensing pressure difference and bypass unit 8 and the multi-parameter monitoring of hydrogen sensor 1-1 constitute a complete feedback control network, ultimately forming a closed-loop environmental control system for hazardous area compartments of offshore engineering platforms, encompassing the entire process from hazardous gas enrichment monitoring, multi-stage catalytic oxidation treatment, waste heat recovery and utilization, intelligent temperature and humidity control to emergency safety interlocks.

[0038] Example 3: Based on Example 1, this embodiment further provides a method for controlling the environment of hazardous area compartments on an offshore platform. This method involves configuring two sets of hazardous area compartment environment control devices on the offshore platform, one for use and one for backup, in high-risk hydrogen areas such as the power battery room. Both sets of devices can independently provide signals for compartment malfunction, explosion, or fire, serving as redundant backups for each other, and jointly providing reliable safety trigger signals for accident ventilation judgment and equipment power-off commands.

[0039] The core of this method lies in the continuous monitoring and active capture of the hydrogen-containing mixture accumulating at the top of the compartment using the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1. Given the low density of hydrogen and its tendency to accumulate at the top of confined spaces, the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1 is preferentially positioned at the highest point of the compartment or above the equipment body where the risk of hydrogen accumulation is greatest. A dual-parameter monitoring system is established by using a hydrogen sensor 1-1 to sense the hydrogen concentration and air temperature in the top area in real time. When the hydrogen concentration in the top area is detected to be at the lower explosive limit, the hydrogen sensor 1-1 immediately sends a signal to activate the gas delivery unit 2, actively capturing the hydrogen-rich gas flow at the top and introducing it into the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1. The gas flow first passes through the physical barrier of the fireproof grille 1-2, and then undergoes preliminary room-temperature catalytic oxidation on the surface of the passive hydrogen recombiner (PAR) configured on the catalytic oxidation plate 1-3. Oxygen in the air is used to convert some of the hydrogen into water vapor, achieving pre-elimination treatment without external energy and effectively reducing the load on subsequent processing.

[0040] After preliminary treatment, the hydrogen-containing gas enters the SCO microreactor 3-3 channel of the dual-channel microreactor 3 under the pressure provided by the gas delivery unit 2. Simultaneously, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the refrigeration compressor 5 flows through the parallel refrigerant circulation channel 3-1, continuously transferring the heat required for the reaction to the SCO microreactor 3-3 via the high-efficiency heat exchange packing 3-2. This maintains the modified Pt / Al2O3 catalyst bed inside at the optimal reaction temperature window, providing sufficient reaction motive force for the selective catalytic oxidation process. Under the action of the catalyst, hydrogen reacts completely with oxygen to generate a high-temperature reaction gas. This reaction gas enters the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4 through the reaction gas inlet 4-4, where it is thoroughly mixed with the return air from the chamber in the mixing chamber. The return air has previously flowed through the cooling coil of the evaporator 4-1, utilizing the heat absorption of refrigerant evaporation for cooling. The mixing ratio of the high-temperature reaction gas and the low-temperature return air directly determines the air state parameters at the mixed air outlet 4-5.

[0041] For temperature and relative humidity control within the chamber, the system further makes a comprehensive judgment based on the air temperature and relative humidity monitoring data at the return air inlet 4-3 and the mixing air outlet 4-5 of the evaporative cooling air supply unit 4. By dynamically adjusting the ratio between the bypass reaction gas flow rate and the main reaction gas flow rate treated by the SCO microreactor 3-3 through the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit 8, the system adjusts the temperature or humidity of the reaction gas entering the mixing chamber, ultimately achieving precise control of the cooling air temperature and relative humidity at the mixing air outlet 4-5. This method organically couples the hydrogen removal process with the chamber equipment cooling and heat dissipation process, fully utilizing the waste heat discharged from the refrigeration compressor 5 as the heat source for the SCO reaction, avoiding energy waste and achieving optimal system energy efficiency.

[0042] To ensure a uniform hydrogen concentration distribution at the top of the compartment and avoid blind spots caused by excessively high local concentrations, this method adds multiple sets of turbulence fans 9 to the top area of ​​the compartment to continuously turbulently mix the air at the top, ensuring thorough mixing of hydrogen and air. This improves the sampling representativeness and hydrogen capture efficiency of the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit 1, while reducing the risk of explosion due to gas stratification. In addition, when the hydrogen sensor 1-1 detects that the hydrogen concentration has reached or exceeded the lower explosive limit, the hydrogen sensor 1-1 immediately transmits an activation signal to the emergency ventilation device 10, simultaneously sending a power-off command to the compartment power supply system to cut off the power supply to all non-essential equipment, preventing electrical sparks from igniting the explosive gas mixture. It also immediately sends a fault alarm message to maintenance personnel, prompting on-site emergency investigation of the hydrogen leak source and the implementation of emergency measures. Similarly, when the hydrogen sensor 1-1 detects that the air temperature is much higher than the normal operating temperature of the equipment, it indicates that a fire may occur in the cabin or the equipment is overheating abnormally. The hydrogen sensor 1-1 will also trigger the emergency ventilation device 10 to start and cut off power to non-essential equipment. At the same time, it will prompt the operation and maintenance personnel to check for fire or overheating faults, forming a complete safety interlock protection mechanism based on the dual criteria of gas concentration and temperature, ensuring that the power battery room is in a controllable and safe state under both normal operation and abnormal conditions.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An environmental control device for hazardous area compartments of an offshore platform, characterized in that, The system includes an explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit (1), a gas delivery unit (2), a dual-channel microreactor (3), an evaporative cooling air supply unit (4), a differential pressure sensing and bypass unit (8), and a refrigeration compression closed loop consisting of a refrigeration compressor (5), a condenser (6), and a throttle valve (7). The dual-channel microreactor (3) has a first-channel refrigerant circulation channel (3-1) and a second-channel SCO microreactor (3-3) arranged in parallel. The two channels are filled with a high-efficiency heat exchange filler (3-2). The hazardous gas concentration removal loop is connected in series with the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit (1), a gas delivery unit (2), a dual-channel microreactor (3), an evaporative cooling air supply unit (4), a differential pressure sensing and bypass unit (8), and a refrigeration compression closed loop consisting of a refrigeration compressor (5), a condenser (6), and a throttle valve (7). The explosion monitoring inlet unit (1), the gas delivery unit (2), the SCO microreactor (3-3) and the evaporative cooling air supply unit (4) have a reaction gas inlet (4-4). The refrigeration compression closed loop and the hazardous gas concentration removal loop form a coupling interface for heat exchange and airflow mixing at the dual-channel microreactor (3) and the evaporative cooling air supply unit (4). The differential pressure sensing and bypass unit (8) is connected in parallel to the front and rear airflow channels of the SCO microreactor (3-3) to monitor the catalyst bed clogging status and adjust the bypass flow rate.

2. The hazardous area compartment environment control device for an offshore platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit (1) is equipped with a hydrogen sensor (1-1), a fireproof grille (1-2), and a catalytic oxidation plate (1-3) in sequence. The hydrogen sensor (1-1) includes a hydrogen sensor and a temperature sensor and has a signal output function. The fireproof grille (1-2) is made of fireproof brass wire mesh. The catalytic oxidation plate (1-3) uses a passive hydrogen recombination device to pre-eliminate low-concentration hydrogen at room temperature.

3. The hazardous area compartment environment control device for an offshore platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas delivery unit (2) generates air pressure configured to overcome the circulation resistance of the SCO process and the loop removal, and actively adjusts the gas flow rate according to the system control command.

4. The hazardous area compartment environment control device for an offshore platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The SCO microreactor (3-3) is loaded with a modified Pt / Al2O3 selective catalytic oxidation catalyst. The high-efficiency heat exchange packing material (3-2) has a detachable structure and is sandwiched between the refrigerant circulation channel (3-1) and the SCO microreactor (3-3) to achieve efficient heat transfer and catalyst replacement and regeneration.

5. The hazardous area compartment environment control device for an offshore platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporative cooling air supply unit (4) integrates an evaporator (4-1), an air supply device (4-2), a return air outlet (4-3), a reaction gas inlet (4-4), and a mixed air outlet (4-5). The return air outlet (4-3) and the mixed air outlet (4-5) are both made of fireproof brass wire mesh. The reaction gas inlet (4-4) receives the high-temperature reaction gas discharged from the SCO microreactor (3-3) and mixes it with the return air of the chamber cooled by the evaporator (4-1) before being sent out by the air supply device (4-2).

6. The hazardous area compartment environment control device for an offshore platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The differential pressure sensing and bypass unit (8) has a built-in differential pressure sensor and calculation module. It calculates the gas flow rate and senses the catalyst bed blockage by monitoring the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the SCO microreactor (3-3) in real time. It also adjusts the opening of the built-in bypass valve according to the air supply status parameters at the mixing outlet (4-5) to dynamically optimize the bypass reaction gas flow rate.

7. An environmental control system for hazardous area compartments of an offshore platform, characterized in that, The hazardous area compartment environment control device of the offshore platform according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is provided. The explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit (1) is arranged in a high-level area rich in hydrogen or near the equipment body. The hydrogen sensing device (1-1) serves as the system logic control hub. It controls the start and stop of the gas delivery unit (2), the start of the turbulence fan (9) in the compartment and the emergency opening of the emergency ventilation system by sensing the hydrogen concentration and air temperature in real time. It also triggers the safety interlock when the concentration or temperature exceeds the limit.

8. The hazardous area compartment environmental control system for an offshore platform according to claim 7, characterized in that, The differential pressure sensing and bypass unit (8) dynamically adjusts the mixing ratio of the bypass reaction gas flow rate and the main reaction gas flow rate treated by the SCO microreactor (3-3) based on the air temperature and relative humidity monitoring data at the return air vent (4-3) and the mixing air outlet (4-5), thereby achieving closed-loop precise control of the cabin environment temperature and relative humidity.

9. A method for controlling the environment of hazardous area compartments on an offshore platform, characterized in that, Two sets of hazardous area compartment environmental control devices of the offshore platform described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are configured in the high-risk hydrogen area, one for use and one for backup. The two sets of devices are redundant backups of each other and independently provide compartment failure explosion or fire signals, and together serve as a safe trigger source for accident ventilation judgment and equipment power-off command. Multiple sets of the aforementioned turbulence fans (9) are added to the top area of ​​the compartment to continuously turbulent and mix the top air to improve the sampling representativeness and hydrogen capture efficiency of the explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit (1). Includes the following steps: The explosion-proof monitoring inlet unit (1) located on the top of the cabin continuously monitors and actively captures hydrogen-containing gas mixtures, and uses a passive hydrogen recombination device to pre-eliminate low-concentration hydrogen at room temperature. The gas delivery unit (2) pressurizes and delivers the pre-treated gas to the SCO microreactor (3-3) channel of the dual-channel microreactor (3). At the same time, the high-temperature refrigerant discharged by the refrigeration compressor (5) flows through the parallel refrigerant circulation channel (3-1) and supplies reaction heat through the high-efficiency heat exchange filler (3-2). Hydrogen is selectively catalytically oxidized under the action of a catalyst to generate a high-temperature reaction gas. This reaction gas enters the evaporation cooling air supply unit (4) and mixes with the return air of the chamber cooled by the evaporator (4-1). Based on the air condition monitoring data at the return air inlet (4-3) and the mixing air outlet (4-5), the bypass flow rate is dynamically adjusted by the differential pressure sensing and bypass unit (8) to adjust the mixing ratio, thereby achieving precise control of the cooling air temperature and relative humidity at the mixing air outlet (4-5).

10. A method for controlling the environment of hazardous area compartments on an offshore platform according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the hydrogen sensor (1-1) detects that the hydrogen concentration reaches or exceeds the lower explosion limit, or detects that the air temperature is much higher than the normal operating temperature of the equipment, it immediately triggers the emergency ventilation device (10) to start and sends a power-off command to the cabin power supply system, and simultaneously sends a fault alarm information to the maintenance personnel, forming a complete safety interlock protection mechanism based on the dual criteria of gas concentration and temperature.

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