Tower type crushing equipment

Abstract

The invention provides tower type crushing equipment, and relates to the technical field of crushing, the tower type crushing equipment comprises a rack main body, the rack main body is provided with a central main shaft and a plurality of supporting main shafts arranged around the central main shaft in the circumferential direction, and all crushing units are sequentially arranged on the central main shaft in a sleeving mode from the bottom to the top of the rack main body in the axial direction of the central main shaft; each crushing unit is provided with a first crushing part and a second crushing part which are matched for crushing materials; the discharging assemblies are arranged on the outer walls of the crushing units, and feeding ports of the discharging assemblies correspond to discharging ports of the crushing units on the layers where the discharging assemblies are located. The hydraulic driving unit comprises a first driving structure and a second driving structure, the first driving structure is used for driving all the first crushing parts to axially move along the central main shaft, and the second driving structure is used for driving the corresponding second crushing parts to rotate around the central main shaft; the problems of transfer loss and cumbersome debugging caused by series connection of multiple devices are avoided, and the crushing yield and the production efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to the field of crushing technology, and specifically to a tower crushing device. Background Technology

[0002] Crushing equipment is widely used in various fields such as open-pit mining, construction solid waste resource utilization, and infrastructure aggregate production, and is a key piece of equipment for material processing and resource recycling. Most existing crushing equipment adopts a welded frame structure and a fixed-gap crushing chamber design, coupled with a motor and vibrator for rigid drive. However, this crushing method is prone to uneven stress when crushing hard rock, leading to rapid liner wear, high unit energy consumption, and the need for matching crushers to different material specifications, often requiring multiple machines to be used in series, resulting in material transfer losses and long installation and commissioning cycles. Furthermore, the single-gaps design of the equipment chamber cannot accommodate materials of different particle sizes and hardness, easily leading to discharge blockage and unstable product gradation. Therefore, we propose a tower crushing equipment to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desirable to provide a tower crushing equipment that improves yield and production efficiency.

[0004] This application provides a tower crushing device, comprising: The frame body has a central main shaft and multiple supporting main shafts arranged circumferentially around the central main shaft. The central main shaft is located at the center of the frame body. The multi-layer crushing unit consists of all the crushing units sequentially mounted on the central main shaft from the bottom to the top of the frame body along the central main shaft axial direction; adjacent crushing units are interconnected, and each crushing unit has a first crushing part and a second crushing part that can move relative to each other, which are used to crush materials in cooperation; A discharge assembly is disposed on the outer wall of the crushing unit. The discharge assembly has multiple feed inlets, which are corresponding to the discharge outlets of the crushing units in the same layer. The feed inlets are used to transfer the material output from the discharge outlets of the corresponding crushing units to a material collection device. A hydraulic drive unit includes a first drive structure and a second drive structure. The first drive structure is mounted on the frame body. The drive shaft of the first drive structure is connected to all the first crushing parts and is used to drive all the first crushing parts to move axially along the central main shaft. The number of the second drive structures is equal to the number of the crushing units and they are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The drive end of the second drive structure is connected to the second crushing part and is used to drive the corresponding second crushing part to rotate around the central main shaft. The material enters the multi-layer crushing unit through the top of the frame body. The hydraulic drive unit drives each crushing unit to move axially and rotate, thereby crushing the material in multiple stages until the material is crushed to the target size and discharged from the corresponding discharge component.

[0005] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the device further includes a feeding assembly disposed on the top of the frame body; the feeding assembly includes: The material distribution structure is located at the material inlet at the top of the main frame body, and the material inlet is connected to the crushing unit; The main shaft upper cover is installed at the top of the central main shaft. The top surface of the main shaft upper cover has an umbrella-shaped structure, which is used to guide the material into the crushing unit near the top of the main frame body.

[0006] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the material distribution structure includes: The feed hopper is located at the material inlet at the top of the main frame body and is used to receive external materials to be crushed. The material distribution cone is located below the feed hopper and at the center of the material inlet. The outer periphery of the material distribution cone is conical and is used to disperse the material to be crushed falling from the feed hopper into the crushing unit near the top of the main frame.

[0007] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the material discharge assembly includes: Multiple first discharge chutes and multiple second discharge chutes are provided. The multiple first discharge chutes are arranged circumferentially along the crushing unit. The inlet of the first discharge chute is connected to the outlet of the adjacent crushing unit. The second discharge chute is provided at least on one side of the first discharge chute, and the outlet of the first discharge chute is connected to the inlet of the second discharge chute. The outlet of the second discharge chute is connected to a material collection device. A discharge gate is movably disposed between the feed inlet of the first discharge chute and the discharge outlet of the adjacent crushing unit, and between the discharge outlet of the first discharge chute and the feed inlet of the second discharge chute. The discharge gate is used to change the opening degree of the corresponding discharge outlet.

[0008] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the crushing unit includes: The rotor body is mounted on the central main shaft and is connected to the drive end of the corresponding second drive structure. A crushing and wear-resistant cavity is provided, which is sleeved outside the rotor body and connected to the drive end of the first drive structure. The rotor body forms the second crushing section on the side near the crushing and wear-resistant cavity. The inner wall of the crushing and wear-resistant cavity is provided with a plurality of crushing teeth along its circumference, and all the crushing teeth form the first crushing section.

[0009] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the rotor body includes: The main body is sleeved on the central main shaft, and the outer wall of the main body is provided with a plurality of rotor breaker hammers arranged circumferentially thereon, the rotor breaker hammers being the second crushing part; A rotor wear-resistant component, wherein the rotor wear-resistant component is arranged in a ring at the lower end of the main body.

[0010] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, a protective sleeve is provided between the rotor body and the corresponding second drive structure.

[0011] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the main body of the rack includes: A base, with an upper cover on top of the base, the base being connected to the upper cover via the supporting main shaft; the upper cover has a material inlet.

[0012] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the device further includes: A hydraulic integrated supply unit is provided, which is connected to the first drive structure and the second drive structure via hydraulic pipelines. The control unit is communicatively connected to the hydraulic supply unit and the discharge gate, and is used to control the operation of the hydraulic drive unit and the opening degree of the discharge gate.

[0013] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of this application, the crushable particle size of the material in all the crushing units decreases progressively from the top to the bottom of the frame body.

[0014] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: This application provides a tower crushing device, comprising: a frame body, on which a central main shaft and multiple supporting main shafts arranged circumferentially around the central main shaft are mounted; a multi-layer crushing unit, wherein all crushing units are sequentially mounted on the central main shaft from bottom to top along the central main shaft axially; adjacent crushing units are interconnected, and each crushing unit has a relatively movable first crushing part and a second crushing part, which are used to cooperate in crushing materials; and a discharge assembly, disposed on the outer wall of the crushing unit, having multiple feed inlets, each feed inlet corresponding to the discharge outlet of the crushing unit in its layer, the feed inlets being used to transfer the material output from the discharge outlet of the corresponding crushing unit to the discharge outlet. Material collection device; hydraulic drive unit, the hydraulic drive unit includes a first drive structure and a second drive structure. The first drive structure is mounted on the main frame body, and its drive shaft is connected to all the first crushing parts, used to drive all the first crushing parts to move axially along the central main shaft. The number of second drive structures is equal to the number of crushing units and they are connected one-to-one. The drive end of the second drive structure is connected to the second crushing part, and the second drive structure is used to drive the corresponding second crushing part to rotate around the central main shaft. The material enters the multi-layer crushing unit through the top of the main frame body. The hydraulic drive unit drives each crushing unit to move axially and rotate, thereby crushing the material in multiple stages until the material is crushed to the target size and discharged from the corresponding discharge component.

[0015] This application designs a multi-stage collaborative crushing system with hydraulic drive. A stable support structure is formed by the central main shaft of the frame and surrounding supporting main shafts. Multiple crushing units are sequentially arranged and interconnected along the central main shaft. Combined with a dual-drive design of the hydraulic drive unit, the first drive structure moves all first crushing sections along the central main shaft, while the second drive structure drives each second crushing section to rotate around the central main shaft. Material enters from the top of the frame and undergoes multi-stage progressive crushing through the combined axial and rotational movements of each crushing unit. The material is then discharged to the target size through discharge components corresponding to the discharge ports of the crushing units. This design abandons the rigid drive and single-cavity structure of traditional crushing equipment, utilizing multi-stage crushing units to achieve progressive material refinement. It avoids the transfer losses and cumbersome debugging problems caused by multiple units connected in series. Simultaneously, the flexible controllability of the hydraulic drive can adapt to materials of different particle sizes and hardness, effectively reducing liner wear and unit energy consumption. It solves the pain points of discharge blockage and unstable product gradation, improving the yield and production efficiency of the crushing operation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a tower crusher.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a front view of a tower crusher.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a tower crusher.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the crushing unit.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the crushing unit and the distribution cone located at the top of the main frame.

[0022] Figure 6 A structural diagram of the control unit and the hydraulic supply unit.

[0023] Labels in the diagram: 1. Main frame; 2. Central spindle; 3. Crushing unit; 4. Support spindle; 5. First drive structure; 6. Second drive structure; 7. Upper cover of spindle; 8. Feed hopper; 9. Distributor cone; 10. First discharge chute; 11. Second discharge chute; 12. Discharge gate; 13. Rotor body; 14. Crushing wear-resistant cavity; 15. Rotor wear-resistant parts; 16. Base; 17. Top cover; 18. Hydraulic supply integrated unit; 19. Control unit; 20. Body protective sleeve; 21. Rotor breaker hammer. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a tower crushing device, comprising: The frame body 1 has a central spindle 2 and multiple supporting spindles 4 arranged circumferentially around the central spindle 2. The central spindle 2 is located at the center of the frame body 1. Multi-layer crushing unit 3, all crushing units 3 are sequentially sleeved on the central main shaft 2 from the bottom to the top of the frame body 1 along the central main shaft 2 axial direction; adjacent crushing units 3 are interconnected, and each crushing unit 3 has a first crushing part and a second crushing part that can move relative to each other, which are used to crush materials in cooperation; The discharge assembly is located on the outer wall of the crushing unit 3. The discharge assembly has multiple feed inlets, each feed inlet corresponding to the discharge outlet of the crushing unit 3 in its layer. The feed inlets are used to transfer the material output from the discharge outlet of the corresponding crushing unit 3 to the material collection device. The hydraulic drive unit includes a first drive structure 5 and a second drive structure 6. The first drive structure 5 is mounted on the frame body 1. The drive shaft of the first drive structure 5 is connected to all the first crushing parts and is used to drive all the first crushing parts to move axially along the central main shaft 2. The number of second drive structures 6 is equal to the number of crushing units 3 and the two are connected in a one-to-one correspondence. The drive end of the second drive structure 6 is connected to the second crushing part and is used to drive the corresponding second crushing part to rotate around the central main shaft 2. The material enters the multi-layer crushing unit 3 from the top of the frame body 1. The hydraulic drive unit drives each crushing unit 3 to move axially and rotate, thereby crushing the material in multiple stages until the material is crushed to the target size and discharged from the corresponding discharge component.

[0027] The frame body 1 serves as the basic mounting frame for the entire equipment. The top of the frame body 1 has a material inlet for receiving and crushing materials. The frame body 1 is equipped with a central main shaft 2 and multiple supporting main shafts 4. The central main shaft 2 is located at the center of the frame body 1 and serves as the installation reference and moving base for the crushing unit 3. The supporting main shafts 4 are evenly distributed circumferentially around the central main shaft 2. The supporting main shafts 4 can be used to install the discharge assembly and also restrict the radial position of the crushing unit 3, thereby enhancing the overall rigidity of the frame body 1, preventing deformation due to vibration during operation, and providing guidance for the axial movement of the crushing unit 3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the number of supporting main shafts 4 is, for example, 8, with two shafts forming a group. A first drive structure 5 is installed between each group to guide the axial movement of the crushing unit 3.

[0028] Crushing units 3 are stacked sequentially from the bottom to the top of the frame body 1 along the central main shaft 2, forming a multi-layer crushing channel. Adjacent crushing units 3 are interconnected, ensuring that material flows sequentially through each layer for crushing from top to bottom. Furthermore, each layer of crushing unit 3 includes a first crushing section and a second crushing section that can move relative to each other. These two sections apply squeezing, impact, or shearing forces to the material through relative movement, thus achieving material crushing. Figure 3 As shown, the number of crushing units 3 is, for example, 4 layers. The number of crushing units 3 can be set according to actual crushing requirements.

[0029] The core requirement of material crushing is to gradually refine large-diameter raw materials into target specifications (such as from ore of tens of centimeters to aggregate of a few millimeters). If single-stage crushing directly processes large-diameter materials, it is easy to cause insufficient crushing force, excessive energy consumption, and severe equipment wear. If single-stage crushing processes small-diameter materials, it cannot adapt to the initial state of the raw materials. Therefore, in this equipment, the crushable particle size of all crushing units 3 decreases progressively from the top to the bottom of the main frame 1. The crushing unit 3 located at the top of the main frame 1 mainly targets large-diameter raw materials (such as blocky ore from mining or large pieces of concrete from construction waste) entering the equipment, undertaking the primary crushing function, and has the largest crushable particle size. The crushing unit 3 located in the middle of the main frame 1 mainly receives medium-diameter materials after the primary crushing at the top, undertaking the intermediate crushing function, and its crushable particle size is between that of the top and bottom crushing units 3. The crushing unit 3 located at the bottom of the main frame 1 mainly receives small-diameter materials after the intermediate crushing at the middle, undertaking the final crushing function, and has the smallest crushable particle size, ultimately outputting a finished product that meets the target specifications. Taking a four-layer crushing unit 3 as an example, the first layer of falling materials is controlled to have a particle size below 35mm, the second layer of falling materials is controlled to have a particle size below 20mm, the third layer of falling materials is controlled to have a particle size below 10mm, and the fourth layer of falling materials is controlled to have a particle size below 5mm.

[0030] Traditional equipment requires multiple individual crushers (coarse crusher, medium crusher, and fine crusher) connected in series to achieve graded crushing, resulting in significant material transfer losses, complex installation and commissioning, and a large footprint. This equipment, however, integrates coarse, medium, and fine crushing into a single unit through an integrated multi-layer gradient crushing unit, significantly simplifying the process. Furthermore, if large-diameter materials directly enter the small-gap crushing unit 3, it will cause equipment overload, soaring energy consumption, and easily lead to breakage of the breaker hammer / crushing teeth. The gradient setting allows each crushing unit 3 to process only materials of a suitable particle size, distributing crushing force as needed, significantly reducing unit energy consumption, and avoiding excessive wear. Additionally, if all crushing units 3 are designed for the same particle size, problems such as incomplete crushing of large particles or over-crushing of small particles, generating dust, may occur. The decreasing particle size design ensures that each crushing stage only completes the current stage's refinement task, resulting in a more uniform particle size distribution and more stable gradation of the final product, meeting the stringent requirements of engineering materials (such as concrete aggregates and road paving materials).

[0031] The discharge assembly is installed on the outer wall of the crushing unit 3 to promptly discharge materials that have reached the target size, preventing blockages. The target size refers to the particle size data set before each crushing unit 3 begins crushing. The feed inlet of the discharge assembly corresponds to the discharge outlet of the crushing unit 3 in its corresponding layer. It's important to note that because the crushing unit 3 located at the bottom of the frame body 1 processes materials of the smallest possible size, this layer of crushing unit 3 does not need to be connected to the discharge assembly. The crushed material in this layer can fall directly to the material collection device. This design allows for rapid material collection, maximizes the discharge assembly's capacity to receive materials from other layers, and enhances the overall integration of the equipment.

[0032] The hydraulic drive unit includes a first drive structure 5 and a second drive structure 6 that operate in tandem. The first drive structure 5 is mounted on the frame body 1, and its drive shaft is connected to the first crushing part of all crushing units 3, driving all the first crushing parts to move axially (i.e., up and down) along the central main shaft 2. The number of second drive structures 6 corresponds one-to-one with the crushing units 3, and the drive end of each second drive structure 6 is connected to the second crushing part of a crushing unit 3, driving the corresponding second crushing part to rotate (i.e., circumferentially) around the central main shaft 2.

[0033] The first drive structure 5 controls all first crushing parts to move synchronously axially, and the second drive structure 6 controls each second crushing part to rotate independently. This drive combination enables the two crushing parts in each crushing unit 3 to form a composite motion of axial approach and distance and circumferential relative rotation, which greatly improves crushing efficiency and crushing effect.

[0034] Specifically, the material enters the equipment through the material inlet at the top of the frame body 1 and flows directly into the uppermost crushing unit 3. The first drive structure 5 drives all the first crushing parts to move axially along the central main shaft 2. At the same time, the second drive structure 6 drives the corresponding second crushing parts to rotate around the central main shaft 2. Large-diameter materials first enter the top crushing unit 3 and are coarsely crushed by the axial compression and circumferential rotation impact of the first and second crushing parts. The material after primary crushing enters the lower crushing unit 3 for intermediate crushing through the connecting channel of the adjacent crushing unit 3. This process continues until the material flows through the bottommost crushing unit 3 to complete the final crushing. When the material is crushed to the target size, it is discharged from the outlet of the corresponding crushing unit 3 and enters the inlet of the discharge assembly. Finally, it is discharged to the material collection device through the discharge assembly, which can simultaneously obtain crushed materials of various required sizes.

[0035] This application designs a multi-stage collaborative crushing system with hydraulic drive. A stable support structure is formed by the central main shaft 2 of the frame body 1 and the surrounding supporting main shafts 4. Multi-stage crushing units 3 are sequentially arranged and interconnected along the central main shaft 2. Combined with a dual-drive design of the hydraulic drive unit, the first drive structure 5 drives all first crushing sections to move axially along the central main shaft 2, while the second drive structure 6 drives each second crushing section to rotate around the central main shaft. Material enters from the top of the frame body 1 and undergoes multi-stage progressive crushing through the combined axial and rotational movements of each crushing unit 3. The material is then discharged to the target size through a discharge assembly corresponding to the discharge port of each crushing unit 3. This design abandons the rigid drive and single-cavity structure of traditional crushing equipment, utilizing multi-stage crushing units 3 to achieve progressive material refinement. It avoids the transfer losses and cumbersome debugging problems caused by multiple units connected in series. Simultaneously, the flexible controllability of the hydraulic drive can adapt to materials of different particle sizes and hardness, effectively reducing liner wear and unit energy consumption. It solves the pain points of discharge blockage and unstable product gradation, improving the yield and production efficiency of the crushing operation.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, this equipment also includes a feeding assembly disposed at the top of the main frame 1; the feeding assembly includes: The material distribution structure is located at the material inlet at the top of the main frame 1, and the material inlet is connected to the crushing unit 3. The main shaft upper cover 7 is installed at the top of the central main shaft 2. The top surface of the main shaft upper cover 7 has an umbrella-shaped structure, which is used to guide the material into the crushing unit 3 near the top of the frame body 1.

[0037] The material distribution structure is located at the material inlet at the top of the frame body 1, and the material inlet is directly connected to the top crushing unit 3. The material distribution structure is used to receive external raw materials and distribute them evenly into the top crushing unit 3 to avoid local accumulation.

[0038] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the material distribution structure includes: Feed hopper 8 is located at the material inlet at the top of the main frame 1 and is used to receive external materials to be crushed. The material distribution cone 9 is located below the feed hopper 8 and at the center of the material inlet. The outer periphery of the material distribution cone 9 is cone-shaped and is used to disperse the material to be crushed falling from the feed hopper 8 into the crushing unit 3 near the top of the frame body 1.

[0039] It should be noted that the feed hopper 8 is installed at the material inlet at the top of the frame body 1 and is directly connected to the crushing unit 3 at the top. As the interface component for external materials to enter the equipment, the feed hopper 8 can be designed as a funnel-shaped structure with a large upper opening and a small lower opening. It is suitable for material feeding by different conveying methods (conveyor belt, loader, etc.) and avoids material spillage. The distribution cone 9 is set directly below the feed hopper 8 and is located exactly at the center of the material inlet, corresponding to the lower opening of the feed hopper 8. This ensures that the material falling from the feed hopper 8 can fall onto the distribution cone 9. The outer periphery of the distribution cone 9 is a standard conical structure (similar to an inverted cone). The cone surface is smooth and has a certain inclination angle. Depending on the material flowability and particle size, the inclination angle is designed to be within the range of 30°~60°. Through the guiding and dispersing properties of the cone surface, the material will spread outwards along the tangent direction of the cone surface after impacting the cone surface, rather than falling vertically. This avoids the material concentrating on impacting a local area of ​​the top crushing unit, while ensuring that the material can cover the entire feed section of the crushing unit and make full use of the crushing space.

[0040] The main shaft cover 7 is installed at the top of the central main shaft 2 and serves as an auxiliary guide during the feeding stage. Its top surface has an umbrella-shaped structure. When the material dispersed by the distribution cone or a small amount of material falling directly approaches the top of the central main shaft 2, it will be guided by the surface of the umbrella-shaped structure to flow towards the inlet of the crushing unit 3 around it. This ensures that the material can accurately enter the crushing unit 3 near the top of the frame and avoids the material getting stuck in the gap between the central main shaft 2 and the crushing unit 3. In addition, the umbrella-shaped structure can also prevent the material from directly impacting the top of the central main shaft 2, reducing the wear and impact load on the central main shaft 2, extending the service life of the central main shaft 2, and preventing the material from accumulating at the top of the central main shaft 2 and causing feeding blockage.

[0041] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 As shown, the discharge assembly includes: Multiple first discharge chutes 10 and multiple second discharge chutes 11 are provided. The multiple first discharge chutes 10 are arranged around the circumference of the crushing unit 3. The feed inlet of the first discharge chutes 10 is connected to the discharge outlet of the adjacent crushing unit 3. The second discharge chutes 11 are provided at least on one side of the first discharge chutes 10, and the discharge outlet of the first discharge chutes 10 is connected to the feed inlet of the second discharge chutes 11. The discharge outlet of the second discharge chutes 11 is connected to the material collection device. The discharge gate 12 is movably disposed between the feed inlet of the first discharge chute 10 and the discharge outlet of the adjacent crushing unit 3, and between the discharge outlet of the first discharge chute 10 and the feed inlet of the second discharge chute 11. The discharge gate 12 is used to change the opening degree of the corresponding discharge outlet.

[0042] It should be noted that the first discharge chute 10 is evenly arranged along the circumference of the crushing unit 3, and its number is adapted to the hierarchy and circumferential layout of the crushing unit 3. Except for the crushing unit located at the bottom of the frame body 1, which does not require the first discharge chute 10, all other crushing units 3 need to be equipped with the first discharge chute 10. For example, Figure 1 As shown, each crushing unit 3 is provided with four evenly arranged first discharge chutes 10. The inlet of the first discharge chutes 10 is directly connected to the outlet of the corresponding crushing unit 3, and the outlet of the first discharge chutes 10 is connected to the inlet of the second discharge chutes 11, forming a complete discharge channel.

[0043] And, as Figure 1 As shown, the longitudinal section of the lower half of the first discharge chute 10 is similar to an inverted V shape. When the crushing unit 3 squeezes the material into the corresponding first discharge chute 10, the material falls naturally along the lower half of the first discharge chute 10 by gravity and enters the second discharge chute 11. It will not be stored in the first discharge chute 10 for too long, thus avoiding the blockage caused by too much material stored in the first discharge chute 10 for a long time.

[0044] The second discharge chute 11 is located at least on one side of the first discharge chute 10, and can be designed to be symmetrically arranged on one or both sides depending on the equipment layout. Figure 1 As shown, each column of first discharge chute 10 has two symmetrically arranged second discharge chute 11 on both sides to receive the material discharged from the first discharge chute 10 and send the material to an external material collection device. The external material collection device here is, for example, a device with multiple silos capable of storing materials of different specifications.

[0045] The discharge gate 12 includes a first discharge gate and a second discharge gate. The first discharge gate is installed between the inlet of the first discharge chute 10 and the outlet of the crushing unit 3, and the second discharge gate is installed between the outlet of the first discharge chute 10 and the inlet of the second discharge chute 11. The first and second discharge gates can be, for example, rotary gates or sliding gates. By changing the opening degree of the discharge gate 12, the cross-sectional area through which the material can pass through the corresponding outlet is adjusted, thereby controlling the discharge flow rate. Here, the opening degree of the discharge gate 12 can be adjusted by hydraulic drive or electric drive.

[0046] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the crushing unit 3 includes: The rotor body 13 is mounted on the central main shaft 2 and is connected to the drive end of the corresponding second drive structure 6. The crushing and wear-resistant cavity 14 is sleeved outside the rotor body 13 and is connected to the drive shaft of the first drive structure 5. The rotor body 13 forms a second crushing section on the side near the crushing and wear-resistant cavity 14. The inner wall of the crushing and wear-resistant cavity 14 is provided with multiple crushing teeth along its circumference, and all the crushing teeth form the first crushing section.

[0047] It should be noted that the rotor body 13 is sleeved on the central main shaft 2, and the rotor body 13 is directly connected to the drive end of the corresponding second drive structure 6. The second drive structure 6 can drive the rotor body 13 to rotate around the central main shaft 2. The side of the rotor body 13 near the crushing and wear-resistant cavity 14 forms a second crushing section, which directly contacts the material and applies impact / shear force, and forms a crushing effect on the material through high-speed motion.

[0048] The wear-resistant crushing chamber 14 is fitted outside the rotor body 13, forming an annular crushing space between the wear-resistant crushing chamber 14 and the rotor body 13. The wear-resistant crushing chamber 14 is connected to the drive shaft of the first drive structure 5, which can drive the wear-resistant crushing chamber 14 to move axially along the central main shaft 2. Multiple crushing teeth are evenly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the wear-resistant crushing chamber 14. All the crushing teeth together constitute the first crushing section. Here, the crushing teeth can be made of wear-resistant material (such as high manganese steel or hard alloy), and they are distributed in a convex shape, forming an internal and external crushing mode with the rotor crusher 21 of the rotor body 13, crushing the material through a combination of squeezing, shearing, and impact forces.

[0049] The material, dispersed by the feeding assembly, enters the annular crushing space between the rotor body 13 and the crushing and wear-resistant chamber 14 through the feed inlet of crushing unit 3. The rotor crusher hammers 21 on the outer periphery of the rotor body 13 rotate at high speed, creating a strong impact on the material entering the crushing space, crushing large-diameter materials into smaller particles. At the same time, the crushing teeth on the inner wall of the crushing and wear-resistant chamber 14 move axially, forming a misaligned engagement, applying a compressive force to the material, and using the edges of the tooth structure to generate shearing force, further refining the material. Because the crushing unit 3 can crush particles at progressively smaller sizes from the top to the bottom of the frame body 1, the upper crushing unit 3 has a larger crushing gap, mainly using impact crushing (suitable for large-diameter raw materials); the lower crushing unit 3 has a smaller crushing gap, mainly using compression and shear crushing (suitable for small-diameter materials), ultimately achieving gradient crushing. The crushed material enters the discharge assembly through the discharge outlet of crushing unit 3. Material that does not reach the target particle size remains in the crushing space and continues to undergo multiple crushing processes until it meets the specifications and is discharged.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the rotor body 13 includes: The main body is fitted onto and connected to the central main shaft 2; the outer wall of the main body is provided with a plurality of rotor breaker hammers 21 arranged along its circumference, and the rotor breaker hammers 21 are the second crushing part; Rotor wear-resistant component 15 is arranged in a ring at the lower end of the main body.

[0051] The main body is mounted on the central spindle 2. The main body can be an integral forged or welded structure, made of materials such as high-strength alloy steel, possessing sufficient rigidity and impact resistance to provide a stable mounting reference for the rotor breaker hammers 21 and rotor wear-resistant parts 15, preventing vibration or damage caused by loosening of components during high-speed rotation. Multiple rotor breaker hammers 21 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the outer wall of the main body. These rotor breaker hammers 21 can be made of wear-resistant hard alloy or high-manganese steel, arranged in a uniform array to ensure an all-around, no-dead-angle impact on the material within the crushing space during rotation, crushing large-diameter materials. Figure 4 As shown, the number of rotor breaker hammers 21 is, for example, 12, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0052] The rotor wear-resistant component 15 has a ring structure, which is located at the lower end of the main body and connected to the main body, such as by bolts or welding. The rotor wear-resistant component 15 is correspondingly set at the bottom area of ​​the crushing wear-resistant chamber 14. When the material is crushed in the crushing space, some fine particles or incompletely crushed materials will concentrate at the bottom of the crushing unit, which can easily cause continuous friction and impact on the lower end of the main body. The rotor wear-resistant component 15 is made of highly wear-resistant materials, such as ceramic composite liners or Cr12MoV alloy, which can prevent the material from directly contacting the main body, avoid wear and deformation of the main body, and extend the overall service life of the rotor main body 13. In addition, the upper end face of the rotor wear-resistant component 15 can be designed as an inclined structure to guide the crushed material to flow to the discharge port of the crushing unit 3, avoid the accumulation of material at the lower end of the main body, reduce secondary wear, and ensure smooth discharge.

[0053] In addition, such as Figure 3 As shown, a protective sleeve 20 is provided between the rotor body 13 and the corresponding second drive structure 6. The material of the protective sleeve 20 is, for example, high-strength wear-resistant alloy steel or carbon steel with wear-resistant lining, which takes into account both rigidity and protection. The protective sleeve 20 can play a buffering role, absorb some of the vibration energy during breakage, reduce the impact on the connection parts, and ensure connection stability.

[0054] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the main frame 1 includes: The base 16 has an upper cover 17 on top of it. The base 16 is connected to the upper cover 17 via a supporting main shaft 4. The upper cover 17 has a material inlet.

[0055] The base 16 can be directly connected to the ground or equipment installation foundation (such as a concrete base) (through anchor bolts, embedded plates, etc.). The base 16 is used to support all the components of the equipment. The base 16 has mounting holes for connecting to the lower end of the support spindle 4 and the central spindle 1. Furthermore, the bottom of the base 16 can be equipped with vibration damping pads or reinforcing ribs to reduce the transmission of vibration to the ground during equipment operation and improve overall stability.

[0056] The upper cover 17 and the base 16 are respectively set and connected by the supporting main shaft 4. The upper cover 17 has a material inlet, which is connected to the crushing unit 3. It is the channel interface for external materials to enter the equipment, and its size matches the feed hopper 8 to ensure that the materials can smoothly enter the crushing unit 3.

[0057] Here, the base 16 and the top cover 17 can be integrally welded or forged from high-strength carbon steel such as Q345B and Q460.

[0058] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 As shown, this device also includes: A hydraulic integrated unit 18 is supplied, and the hydraulic integrated unit 18 is connected to the first drive structure 5 and the second drive structure 6 through hydraulic pipelines. Control unit 19 is communicatively connected to hydraulic supply unit 18 and discharge gate 12, and is used to control the operation of hydraulic drive unit and the opening degree of discharge gate 12.

[0059] It should be noted that the hydraulic integration unit 18 is, for example, a hydraulic integration station for equipment. The hydraulic integration station integrates core hydraulic components such as hydraulic pumps, oil tanks, relief valves, directional valves, and filters to realize the storage, pressurization, filtration, and precise distribution of hydraulic oil.

[0060] The hydraulic integrated unit 18 is connected to the first drive structure 5 and the second drive structure 6 through sealed hydraulic pipelines, forming a closed hydraulic power transmission circuit. A hydraulic pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, providing high-pressure hydraulic oil to the first and second drive structures. The hydraulic cylinders or motors inside the first and second drive structures actuate, thereby driving the axial and rotary motion of the crushing unit 3. The hydraulic oil pressure is adjusted by components such as relief valves and pressure reducing valves, allowing for adjustment of the output force of the first and second drive structures according to crushing requirements (e.g., high torque for coarse crushing, high frequency for fine crushing), avoiding overload or insufficient power. The hydraulic integrated unit 18 has a built-in filter to filter impurities in the hydraulic oil, preventing blockage of hydraulic pipelines or wear on drive components. It also features oil temperature control and oil level monitoring functions to ensure stable operation of the hydraulic system.

[0061] The control unit 19, for example, is a central control cabinet, which consists of a PLC controller, a touch screen, a sensor interface, a communication module, etc. The control unit 19 is communicatively connected to the hydraulic supply integration unit 18 and the discharge gate 12. Specifically, the control unit 19 is used to send instructions to the hydraulic supply integration unit 18 to regulate the pressure, flow rate, and flow direction of the hydraulic oil, thereby controlling the axial movement speed of the first drive structure 5 and the rotational speed of the second drive structure 6. The control unit 19 is also used to control the opening of the discharge gate 12, and to precisely control the discharge flow rate according to the target material particle size and crushing efficiency, blocking large particles that are not completely crushed. The control unit 19 is also used to collect data such as hydraulic system pressure, crushing unit position, and material particle size in real time by connecting to sensors on the equipment (such as pressure sensors, position sensors, and particle size detection sensors). If an abnormality occurs (such as excessive pressure or discharge blockage), it can automatically issue an alarm signal and adjust the operating parameters, or even shut down for protection.

[0062] The specific working process of this tower crusher is as follows: Before the equipment is started, the operator presets the crushing parameters through the control unit 19, including the target material particle size and processing efficiency. The control unit 19 automatically matches the operating mode according to the parameters, adjusts the hydraulic pressure and flow through the hydraulic supply integrated unit 18, and adjusts the initial opening of the discharge gate 12 at the same time to ensure that the discharge and crushing rhythm are matched. The first drive structure 5 and the second drive structure 6 receive the power preparation signal from the hydraulic supply integrated unit 18 and are in the standby state.

[0063] When external materials to be crushed (such as mine ore and construction solid waste) are fed into the feed hopper 8 through conveying equipment (conveyor belt, loader, etc.), the feed hopper 8 guides the materials to fall down to the distribution cone 9 at the center position below. The cone-shaped distribution cone 9 disperses the concentrated material flow into multiple circumferentially uniform material flows. Some materials close to the central main shaft 2 are guided by the umbrella-shaped top surface of the baffle 7 on the main shaft to avoid getting stuck in the gap between the main shaft and the crushing unit. Finally, all materials are evenly fed into the top crushing unit 3, which is connected to the material inlet.

[0064] After the material enters the multi-layer crushing unit 3, it is crushed step by step according to the particle size gradient. The hydraulic supply unit 18 supplies hydraulic oil to the first drive structure 5, driving the first crushing part of all crushing units 3 to move axially along the central main shaft 2. At the same time, the hydraulic supply unit 18 distributes independent hydraulic power to each second drive structure 6, driving the second crushing part of the corresponding crushing unit 3 to rotate around the central main shaft 2. The top crushing unit 3 crushes the large-particle raw material into medium-particle material. The medium-particle material falls into the middle-layer crushing unit 3 through the connecting channel between adjacent crushing units 3 for further refinement. Finally, the material enters the bottom crushing unit 3 and is crushed into finished products that meet the target specifications. The finished products that meet the target specifications are discharged from the outlet of each crushing unit 3, flow through the first discharge chute 10, enter the second discharge chute 11, and finally flow into the external material collection device (silo, conveyor belt, etc.) to complete the collection of finished products.

[0065] Furthermore, during equipment operation, the control unit 19 collects data such as hydraulic pressure, material particle size, and material level in the crushing unit 3 in real time through sensors. If the material particle size is detected to be excessive, it immediately instructs the first drive structure 5 to reduce the crushing gap and the second drive structure 6 to increase the rotation speed, while simultaneously reducing the opening of the discharge gate 12. If the material level is detected to be too high or the discharge is blocked, the opening of the discharge gate 12 is increased and the feeding speed is slowed down. If a fault such as abnormal hydraulic pressure occurs, an alarm signal is automatically issued and parameters are adjusted. If necessary, the machine is shut down for protection to ensure stable and efficient operation of the equipment.

[0066] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A tower crushing device, characterized in that, include: The frame body (1) is provided with a central main shaft (2) and multiple supporting main shafts (4) arranged circumferentially around the central main shaft (2). The central main shaft (2) is located at the center of the frame body (1). Multi-layer crushing unit (3), all the crushing units (3) are sequentially sleeved on the central main shaft (2) from the bottom to the top of the frame body (1) along the central main shaft (2); adjacent crushing units (3) are interconnected, and each crushing unit (3) has a first crushing part and a second crushing part that can move relative to each other, which are used to crush materials in cooperation; The discharge assembly is disposed on the outer wall of the crushing unit (3). The discharge assembly has multiple feed ports, each feed port is disposed corresponding to the discharge port of the crushing unit (3) in its layer. The feed port is used to transfer the material output from the discharge port of the corresponding crushing unit (3) to the material collection device. The hydraulic drive unit includes a first drive structure (5) and a second drive structure (6). The first drive structure (5) is disposed on the frame body (1). The drive shaft of the first drive structure (5) is connected to all the first crushing parts and is used to drive all the first crushing parts to move axially along the central main shaft (2). The number of the second drive structures (6) is equal to the number of the crushing units (3) and they are connected one-to-one. The drive end of the second drive structure (6) is connected to the second crushing part. The second drive structure (6) is used to drive the corresponding second crushing part to rotate around the central main shaft (2). The material enters the multi-layer crushing unit (3) through the top of the frame body (1). The hydraulic drive unit drives each crushing unit (3) to move axially and rotate, thereby crushing the material in multiple stages until the material is crushed to the target size and discharged from the corresponding discharge component.

2. The tower crushing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equipment also includes a feeding assembly disposed on the top of the frame body (1); the feeding assembly includes: The material distribution structure is located at the material inlet at the top of the frame body (1), and the material inlet is connected to the crushing unit (3); Main shaft upper cover (7) is installed at the top of the central main shaft (2). The top surface of the main shaft upper cover (7) is an umbrella-shaped structure, which is used to guide the material into the crushing unit (3) near the top of the frame body (1).

3. The tower crushing equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material distribution structure includes: Feed hopper (8), the feed hopper (8) is located at the material inlet at the top of the frame body (1) and is used to receive external materials to be crushed; The material distribution cone (9) is located below the feed hopper (8) and at the center of the material inlet. The outer periphery of the material distribution cone (9) is cone-shaped and is used to disperse the material to be crushed falling from the feed hopper (8) into the crushing unit (3) near the top of the frame body (1).

4. A tower crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge assembly includes: Multiple first discharge chutes (10) and multiple second discharge chutes (11) are provided. The multiple first discharge chutes (10) are arranged circumferentially along the crushing unit (3). The feed inlet of the first discharge chutes (10) is connected to the discharge outlet of the adjacent crushing unit (3). The second discharge chutes (11) are provided at least on one side of the first discharge chutes (10), and the discharge outlet of the first discharge chutes (10) is connected to the feed inlet of the second discharge chutes (11). The discharge outlet of the second discharge chutes (11) is connected to the material collection device. The discharge gate (12) is movably disposed between the feed inlet of the first discharge chute (10) and the discharge outlet of the adjacent crushing unit (3), and between the discharge outlet of the first discharge chute (10) and the feed inlet of the second discharge chute (11). The discharge gate (12) is used to change the opening degree of the corresponding discharge outlet.

5. A tower crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing unit (3) includes: The rotor body (13) is mounted on the central spindle (2) and is connected to the drive end of the corresponding second drive structure (6). The crushing and wear-resistant cavity (14) is sleeved outside the rotor body (13) and is connected to the drive end of the first drive structure (5). The rotor body (13) forms the second crushing section on the side near the crushing and wear-resistant cavity (14). The inner wall of the crushing and wear-resistant cavity (14) is provided with a plurality of crushing teeth along its circumference, and all the crushing teeth form the first crushing section.

6. A tower crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotor body (13) includes: The main body is sleeved on the central main shaft (2). The outer wall of the main body is provided with a plurality of rotor breaker hammers (21) arranged along its circumference. The rotor breaker hammers (21) are the second crushing part. Rotor wear-resistant component (15), which is arranged around the lower end of the main body.

7. A tower crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A protective sleeve (20) is provided between the rotor body (13) and the corresponding second drive structure (6).

8. A tower crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the rack (1) includes: The base (16) is provided with a top cover (17) on top of the base (16). The base (16) is connected to the top cover (17) through the supporting main shaft (4). The material inlet is provided on the top cover (17).

9. A tower crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The device also includes: A hydraulic integrated supply unit (18) is provided, which is connected to the first drive structure (5) and the second drive structure (6) via hydraulic pipelines. Control unit (19), which is communicatively connected to the supply hydraulic integrated unit (18) and the discharge gate (12), is used to control the operation of the hydraulic drive unit and the opening degree of the discharge gate (12).

10. A tower crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, All the crushing units (3) have a progressively decreasing material crushable particle size from the top to the bottom of the frame body (1).

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