Rotational flow classification equipment with built-in pre-swirl flow guide and anti-swirl structure

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of grading equipment, and discloses a rotational flow grading device with a built-in pre-swirling flow guide and anti-swirling structure, which mainly comprises a swirler and a pre-swirling flow guide device. The cyclone is composed of a cyclone pipe and an overflow pipe, the cyclone pipe is provided with a tangential feed port, a bottom discharge port and an internal cyclone cavity, and the overflow pipe is used for discharging small particles. The pre-swirling flow guider is located in the swirling flow cavity and comprises a rotatable rotary ring and a plurality of blade unit sets distributed in the circumferential direction, and each blade unit set comprises a flow guide blade, an angle adjusting swing rod, a rotary connecting rod and a rotary base. The lifting sliding block is driven by the lifting type adjusting mechanism to move along the guide rail, the swing rod and the connecting rod are driven to adjust the dip angle of the blade, control over the pulp pre-swirling flow field and the swirling strength is achieved, and the classification efficiency in swirling flow classification is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of classification equipment technology, and in particular to a vortex classification device with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure. Background Technology

[0002] A cyclone classifier is a highly efficient device that utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly separate, classify, or concentrate particles in a fluid based on their size, density, or shape. Its core component is a hollow conical or cylindrical-conical cavity. During operation, the fluid mixture is injected tangentially at high speed under pressure, forming a strong rotating vortex. Under the combined action of centrifugal force, centripetal buoyancy, and fluid drag, coarse or large particles are thrown against the wall and spiral downwards, exiting through the underflow outlet, while fine or small particles concentrate in the central area and spiral upwards, exiting through the overflow outlet, thus achieving continuous separation.

[0003] In the current fields of solid waste resource utilization and mineral fine processing, cyclone classifiers are widely used as a key separation device, but their traditional structures have significant limitations. Conventional equipment often uses fixed feed guide vanes, which prevents the feed flow field from being adjusted according to material characteristics and operating conditions. This not only creates unnecessary feed turbulence and impact losses, resulting in low energy utilization, but also easily generates unstable air vortex nuclei inside the cyclone, leading to reduced classification efficiency. Furthermore, the oscillation of the air vortex nuclei disturbs the internal swirling flow, causing coarse particles that should enter the underflow to be entrained into the overflow. Traditional anti-vortex structure designs are relatively simple and cannot effectively suppress unstable air vortex nuclei, resulting in reduced classification efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guide and anti-vortex structure, which improves the classification efficiency in swirl classification.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structures includes:

[0007] A hydrocyclone, comprising a hydrocyclone tube and an overflow tube; the hydrocyclone tube has a hydrocyclone cavity for swirling slurry, the inlet of the overflow tube is inserted into the hydrocyclone cavity, and the outlet of the overflow tube extends out of the hydrocyclone cavity, the overflow tube being used to allow small particles to be classified to flow out of the hydrocyclone cavity; the bottom of the hydrocyclone tube is provided with a discharge port for discharging large particles to be separated; the hydrocyclone tube is provided with a feed inlet, the feed inlet being connected to the hydrocyclone cavity and tangential to the cavity wall of the hydrocyclone cavity;

[0008] A pre-swirling guide includes a rotating ring, multiple blade unit groups, and a lifting adjustment mechanism. The rotating ring is disposed within the swirling chamber and supported by the swirling device, and is capable of rotating relative to the swirling device around its axis. The rotating ring is provided with multiple lifting guide rails, which are circumferentially spaced around the rotating ring and extend axially along it. Multiple blade unit groups are disposed on the outer wall of the rotating ring and are circumferentially spaced around it to follow its rotation. Each blade unit group includes an angle adjustment lever, a rotating connecting rod, a rotating base, and guide vanes. The sliding end of the angle adjusting lever is slidably engaged with the lifting guide rail via a lifting slider. The pivot end of the angle adjusting lever is pivotally connected to the swing end of the rotary connecting rod. The rotary end of the rotary connecting rod is mounted on the rotary seat to drive the rotary seat to rotate around the rotary axis of the rotary seat. The rotary seat is pivotally connected to the rotary ring to rotate relative to the rotary ring. The guide vane is mounted on the rotary seat to adjust the tilt angle of the guide vane relative to the feed inlet by following the swing of the rotary seat. The lifting adjustment mechanism has a lifting drive unit, and multiple lifting sliders are all connected to the lifting drive unit and supported by the output unit of the lifting adjustment mechanism.

[0009] Preferably, the lifting adjustment mechanism includes a lifting drive source, a lifting linkage, an anti-rotation lifting seat, and a rotary lifting seat. The lifting drive source is installed on the hydrocyclone. The lifting drive source, the lifting linkage, and the anti-rotation lifting seat are sequentially connected for transmission, so that the lifting linkage can drive the anti-rotation lifting seat to lift. One of the anti-rotation lifting seat and the rotary lifting seat has a rotary guide rail extending around the axis of the rotary ring. The rotary guide rail extends around the axis of the rotary ring and forms a ring structure. The other of the anti-rotation lifting seat and the rotary lifting seat has a rotary slider that slides with the rotary guide rail, and the rotary lifting seat is supported by the anti-rotation lifting seat. Multiple lifting sliders are connected to and supported by the rotary lifting seat.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the anti-rotation lifting seat is provided with the rotary guide rail, and the top of the rotary lifting seat is provided with the rotary slider. The rotary slider extends around the axis of the rotary ring and forms a ring structure.

[0011] Preferably, the swivel ring is sleeved around the overflow pipe and supported by the overflow pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the pre-swirl guide further includes a protective sleeve, which includes a base and a horizontal rotating outer cover. The base and the horizontal rotating outer cover form a receiving cavity. The bottom of the horizontal rotating outer cover is slidably engaged with the base so that the horizontal rotating outer cover can rotate relative to the base around the axis of the rotating ring. The horizontal rotating outer cover has multiple clearance pivot holes, which are spaced apart around the axis of the rotating ring. The base has clearance through holes that communicate with the receiving cavity. The overflow pipe passes through the receiving cavity and the clearance through holes. The guide vanes are located outside the receiving cavity, and the blade shafts of the guide vanes are rotatably inserted through the clearance pivot holes and connected to the rotating base.

[0013] Preferably, the vortex classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure includes an anti-vortex component, which includes a downward liquid delivery pipe and an anti-vortex jet plate. The downward liquid delivery pipe and the anti-vortex jet plate are connected sequentially along the delivery direction of the anti-vortex counteracting liquid. The anti-vortex jet plate is installed on the overflow pipe and supported by the overflow pipe. The anti-vortex jet plate extends circumferentially around the overflow pipe and has multiple anti-vortex liquid injection ports, which are distributed circumferentially around the anti-vortex jet plate at intervals.

[0014] Preferably, the anti-vortex jet nozzle is tilted downwards and faces the periphery of the anti-vortex jet disk.

[0015] Preferably, the downward infusion tube is installed inside the overflow tube.

[0016] Preferably, the anti-vortex assembly further includes an anti-vortex liquid tank and an anti-vortex pump, wherein the anti-vortex liquid tank, the anti-vortex pump, the downward delivery pipe, and the anti-vortex spray plate are connected in sequence along the flow direction of the anti-vortex liquid.

[0017] Preferably, the lifting adjustment mechanism is located outside the swirling chamber, and the lifting drive source includes a drive motor, a screw, a lifting plate, and a drive guide rail; the drive motor is connected to the screw via transmission; the lifting plate is threadedly connected to the screw and to the lifting connecting rod; the drive guide rail is located outside the swirling chamber and supported by the swirling device, and extends along the lifting direction of the anti-rotation lifting seat; the drive guide rail is slidably connected to the lifting plate, so that the lifting plate is driven by the screw to drive the lifting connecting rod to rise and fall.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. The pre-swirling guide, composed of a rotating ring, multiple blade units, and a lifting adjustment mechanism, applies a controllable pre-swirling guiding effect in both intensity and direction as the slurry tangentially enters the swirling chamber from the feed inlet. This optimizes the initial formation conditions of the mainstream field within the swirling chamber, making it more stable and symmetrical, and reducing turbulence and energy dissipation. Simultaneously, the lifting drive unit of the lifting adjustment mechanism uniformly controls the movement of all lifting sliders, allowing for synchronous and precise changes in the tilt angle of all guide blades. This means that operators can quickly adjust the pre-swirling intensity online based on specific ore properties, feed concentration, and particle size distribution, ensuring the equipment remains in optimal working condition and greatly enhancing its adaptability to different operating conditions.

[0020] 2. The angle-adjustable lever, through a sliding engagement between a lifting slider and a guide rail, drives the rotary seat to rotate via a rotating connecting rod, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the guide vanes mounted on it. This means that the lifting sliders of all vane unit groups are connected to the same lifting drive unit, ensuring that the adjustment actions of all guide vanes are absolutely synchronized. This design avoids flow field distortion or asymmetry caused by asynchronous actions of individual vanes, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the rotating flow field, thus guaranteeing the consistency and reliability of classification accuracy (separated particle size). Simultaneously, the adjustable guide vanes effectively disrupt potentially harmful air columns and vortex nuclei, enhancing the equipment's anti-vortex capability. A more stable, less cavitating flow field environment reduces the entrainment of fine particles and the accidental overflow of coarse particles, resulting in a clearer separation interface between coarse and fine particles, thereby directly improving classification efficiency and product purity.

[0021] 3. Based on the fact that the entire pre-swirl guide's rotating ring and multiple blade unit groups are integrated within the swirl chamber, the rotation design of the rotating ring is cleverly combined with the blade angle adjustment mechanism, resulting in a compact structure. The coordination between the moving parts of the angle adjustment mechanism 212 in the blade unit group (such as the lifting slider and the lifting guide rail) provides reliable motion guidance for the slurry to be classified, ensuring long-term operational stability and durability under high-speed rotating slurry scouring. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a swirl classifier with a built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The partial sectional perspective view shown;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the pre-swirl guide.

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The diagram shows the connection between the anti-rotation lifting seat and the rotary lifting seat.

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion at point A shown in the image;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the anti-vortex component.

[0028] Figure 7 for Figure 5 The sectional view shown;

[0029] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A magnified view of point B shown.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Hydrocyclone; 101. Hydrocyclone tube; 111. Hydrocyclone chamber; 121. Discharge port; 131. Feed inlet; 102. Overflow pipe; 2. Pre-swirling guide; 201. Rotary ring; 211. Lifting guide rail; 202. Blade unit group; 212. Angle adjustment lever; 222. Lifting slider; 232. Rotary connecting rod; 242. Rotary seat; 252. Guide vane; 203. Lifting adjustment mechanism; 213. Lifting drive source; 2131. Drive 2132. Motor; 2133. Screw; 2134. Lifting plate; 2135. Drive guide rail; 226. Lifting connecting rod; 237. Anti-rotation lifting seat; 248. Rotary lifting seat; 259. Rotary guide rail; 260. Rotary slider; 201. Protective sleeve; 212. Base; 223. Horizontal rotary cover; 301. Anti-vortex assembly; 302. Downward infusion pipe; 313. Anti-vortex jet plate; 304. Anti-vortex jet nozzle; 305. Anti-vortex tank; 306. Anti-vortex pump. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0032] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] See Figures 1-7 The specific implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] See Figures 1-3 A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure, comprising:

[0036] The hydrocyclone 1 includes a hydrocyclone tube 101 and an overflow pipe 102. The hydrocyclone tube 101 has a hydrocyclone chamber 111 for swirling the slurry. The inlet of the overflow pipe 102 is inserted into the hydrocyclone chamber 111, and the outlet of the overflow pipe 102 extends out of the hydrocyclone chamber 111. The overflow pipe 102 is used to allow small particles to be classified to flow out of the hydrocyclone chamber 111. The bottom of the hydrocyclone tube 101 is provided with a discharge port 121 for discharging large particles to be separated. The hydrocyclone tube 101 is provided with a feed inlet 131, which is connected to the hydrocyclone chamber 111 and is tangential to the chamber wall of the hydrocyclone chamber 111. The hydrocyclone tube 101 has a hydrocyclone chamber 111 inside, which provides space for the slurry to be swirled and separated. The design of its tangential feed inlet 131 allows the slurry to enter along the tangential direction of the chamber wall, thereby forming a strong and stable swirling field inside the chamber. The overflow pipe 102 has its inlet extending into the cyclone chamber 111 and its outlet extending outside the chamber, used to draw out the small particles after classification; the discharge port 121 at the bottom of the cyclone pipe 101 is used to discharge coarse particles. Tangential feeding can efficiently form a rotating flow field, enhancing the centrifugal classification effect, while the overflow pipe 102 has an appropriate insertion depth, which can accurately separate fine particles; the underflow port smoothly discharges coarse particles.

[0037] The pre-swirl guide 2 includes a rotating ring 201, multiple blade unit groups 202, and a lifting adjustment mechanism 203. The rotating ring 201 is located inside the swirling chamber 111 and supported by the swirler 1, and the rotating ring 201 can rotate relative to the swirler 1 around the axis of the rotating ring 201. The rotating ring 201 is provided with multiple lifting guide rails 211, which are distributed circumferentially around the rotating ring 201 at intervals and extend axially along the rotating ring 201. Multiple blade unit groups 202 are all located on the outer wall of the rotating ring 201 and are distributed circumferentially around the rotating ring 201 at intervals to follow the rotation of the rotating ring 201. The blade unit group 202 includes an angle adjustment lever 212, a rotating connecting rod 232, a rotating seat 242, and guide blades 252. The sliding end of the angle adjusting lever 212 is slidably engaged with the lifting guide rail 211 via the lifting slider 222. The pivot end of the angle adjusting lever 212 is pivotally connected to the swing end of the rotary connecting rod 232. The rotary end of the rotary connecting rod 232 is mounted on the rotary seat 242 to drive the rotary seat 242 to rotate around the rotation axis of the rotary seat 242. The rotary seat 242 is pivotally connected to the rotary ring 201 so that it can rotate relative to the rotary ring 201. The guide vane 252 is mounted on the rotary seat 242 to adjust the tilt angle of the guide vane 252 relative to the feed inlet 131 by swinging with the rotary seat 242. The lifting adjustment mechanism 203 has a lifting drive unit, and multiple lifting sliders 222 are all connected to the lifting drive unit and supported by the output unit of the lifting adjustment mechanism 203. The pre-swirl guide 2 consists of a rotary ring 201, multiple blade unit groups 202 and lifting adjustment mechanism 203. The swirl ring 201 is rotatably mounted within the swirl chamber 111, and axially extending lifting guide rails 211 are evenly distributed around its circumference. Each blade unit group 202 includes an angle adjusting lever 212, a swirl connecting rod 232, a swirl seat 242, and guide vanes 252. The angle adjusting lever 212 slides with the guide rails via a lifting slider 222 and drives the swirl seat 242 to rotate via the swirl connecting rod 232, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the guide vanes 252 mounted thereon. The lifting adjustment mechanism 203 controls the lifting movement of all lifting sliders 222 through its lifting drive unit. The beneficial effects of this structure are: through the unified drive of the lifting adjustment mechanism 203, the tilt angle of all guide vanes 252 can be adjusted synchronously and precisely, thereby optimizing the pre-swirl intensity and flow field stability of the slurry; the rotational coordination of the swirl ring 201 and the blade unit group 202 further enhances the flexibility and adaptability of flow field adjustment, effectively enhancing the classification accuracy and efficiency.

[0038] The working principle of the swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guide and anti-vortex structure of the present invention is as follows: The slurry is first injected tangentially at high speed into the swirl tube 101 through the feed port 131, which is tangential to the wall of the swirl chamber 111, forming a strong rotating flow field. Under the action of centrifugal force, coarse particles are thrown against the chamber wall and gradually move downwards, and are finally discharged through the discharge port 121 at the bottom; while fine particles move upwards with the inner vortex. At this time, in the pre-swirl guide 2, multiple guide vanes 252 installed on the rotating ring 201 will drive the entire rotating ring 201 to rotate freely around the axis of the overflow pipe 102 under the impact of the slurry. When the flow field needs to be adjusted, the lifting drive unit (such as the drive motor 2131) of the lifting adjustment mechanism 203 is activated, driving its output unit (such as the lifting plate 2133) to move, thereby pushing the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 to perform pure lifting motion through the lifting linkage 223; the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 cooperates with the rotary slider 263 at the top of the rotary lifting seat 243 through the rotary guide rail 253 at its bottom to transmit the lifting motion to the rotary lifting seat 243; the rotary lifting seat 243 then supports all the lifting mechanisms connected to it. The slider 222 moves precisely axially along the lifting guide rail 211 on the rotating ring 201. The movement of each slider 222 drives the angle adjustment lever 212 hinged to it to swing. The angle adjustment lever 212, in turn, pulls the rotating seat 242 through the rotating connecting rod 232, forcing the rotating seat 242 to rotate around its pivot. Finally, the angle of the guide vane 252 fixed on the rotating seat 242 changes accordingly, thereby applying an adjustable pre-swirl guiding effect at the beginning of the slurry entry, optimizing the swirl field morphology. After pre-swirl, the slurry is classified in the swirl chamber 111. The fine particles are finally carried into the inlet of the overflow pipe 102 by the inner vortex and discharged from its outlet for collection.

[0039] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects:

[0040] 1. The pre-swirl guide 2, composed of a rotating ring 201, multiple blade unit groups 202, and a lifting adjustment mechanism 203, applies a pre-swirl guiding effect with controllable intensity and direction as the slurry tangentially enters the swirl chamber 111 from the feed inlet 131 via its guide blades 252. This optimizes the initial formation conditions of the main flow field within the swirl chamber 111, making it more stable and symmetrical, and reducing turbulence and energy dissipation. Simultaneously, the lifting drive unit of the lifting adjustment mechanism 203 uniformly controls the movement of all lifting sliders 222, allowing for synchronous and precise changes in the tilt angle of all guide blades 252. This means that operators can quickly adjust the pre-swirl intensity online according to specific ore properties, feed concentration, and particle size distribution, ensuring the equipment remains in optimal working condition and greatly enhancing its adaptability to different operating conditions.

[0041] 2. The angle adjustment lever 212 slides along the guide rail via the lifting slider 222 and drives the rotary seat 242 to rotate via the rotary connecting rod 232, thereby adjusting the tilt angle of the guide vanes 252 mounted on them. This means that the lifting sliders 222 of all vane unit groups 202 are connected to the same lifting drive unit, ensuring that the adjustment actions of all guide vanes 252 are absolutely synchronized. This design avoids flow field distortion or asymmetry caused by asynchronous actions of individual vanes, ensuring the uniformity and stability of the rotating flow field, thus guaranteeing the consistency and reliability of classification accuracy (separated particle size). Simultaneously, the adjustable guide vanes 252 effectively disrupt potentially harmful air columns and vortex nuclei, enhancing the equipment's anti-vortex capability. A more stable, less cavitating flow field environment reduces the entrainment of fine particles and the accidental overflow of coarse particles, making the separation interface between coarse and fine particles clearer, thereby directly improving classification efficiency and product purity.

[0042] 3. The entire pre-swirl guide 2, including the rotating ring 201 and multiple blade unit groups 202, is integrated within the swirl chamber 111. The rotation design of the rotating ring 201 is cleverly combined with the blade angle adjustment mechanism, resulting in a compact structure. The coordination between the moving parts of the angle adjustment mechanism 212 in the blade unit group 202 (such as the lifting slider 222 and the lifting guide rail 211) provides reliable motion guidance for the slurry to be classified, ensuring long-term operational stability and durability under high-speed rotating slurry scouring.

[0043] Preferably, see Figure 3The lifting adjustment mechanism 203 includes a lifting drive source 213, a lifting connecting rod 223, an anti-rotation lifting seat 233, and a rotary lifting seat 243. The lifting drive source 213 is installed on the hydrocyclone 1. The lifting drive source 213, the lifting connecting rod 223, and the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 are sequentially connected in a transmission manner so that the lifting connecting rod 223 can drive the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 to lift. One of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 and the rotary lifting seat 243 is provided with a rotary guide rail 253 extending around the axis of the rotary ring 201. The rotary guide rail 253 extends around the axis of the rotary ring 201 and forms a ring structure. The other of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 and the rotary lifting seat 243 is provided with a rotary slider 263 that slides with the rotary guide rail 253, and the rotary lifting seat 243 is supported by the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 (there are two designs: the rotary guide rail 253 is set on the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 and the rotary slider 263 is set on the rotary lifting seat 243, or the rotary guide rail 253 is set on the rotary lifting seat 243 and the rotary slider 263 is set on the anti-rotation lifting seat 233, and the two can be freely selected according to the situation); multiple lifting sliders 222 are all connected to the rotary lifting seat 243 and supported by the rotary lifting seat 243. The pure lifting motion of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 is transformed into a combined lifting and rotating motion of the rotary lifting seat 243 under support through the cooperation of the rotary guide rail 253 and the rotary slider 263. This ensures that all the lifting sliders 222 installed on the rotary lifting seat 243 can lift and lower synchronously, while also rotating freely with the rotary ring 201. This achieves complete decoupling between the blade angle adjustment and the rotational motion of the rotary ring 201, ensuring the stability and synchronicity of the adjustment process.

[0044] Preferably, see Figure 4 The bottom of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 is provided with a rotary guide rail 253, and the top of the rotary lifting seat 243 is provided with a rotary slider 263. The rotary slider 263 extends around the axis of the rotary ring 201 and forms a ring structure. This preferred embodiment specifically defines the installation positions of the rotary guide rail 253 and the rotary slider 263: the bottom of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 is provided with a ring-shaped rotary guide rail 253, and the top of the rotary lifting seat 243 is provided with a matching ring-shaped rotary slider 263. The two cooperate with each other. The beneficial effect of this structure is that the cooperation between the ring-shaped rotary guide rail 253 and the rotary slider 263 provides the rotary lifting seat 243 with a stable rotary support surface with a large load-bearing area, ensuring that it can still rotate flexibly and smoothly around the axis of the rotary ring 201 when bearing the weight of all components such as the lifting slider 222, the angle adjustment lever 212, and the impact load of the slurry. This ring-shaped contact structure, with the upper support and the lower guide, effectively avoids mechanism jamming and improves the operational reliability and lifespan of the lifting adjustment mechanism 203 under heavy load and high-speed rotation conditions.

[0045] Preferably, the swivel ring 201 is sleeved around the overflow pipe 102 and supported by the overflow pipe 102. This preferred embodiment defines the installation relationship between the swivel ring 201 and the overflow pipe 102: the swivel ring 201 is directly sleeved around the overflow pipe 102 and uses it as a rotational support. The beneficial effects of this structure are: using the overflow pipe 102 as the supporting shaft of the swivel ring 201 eliminates the need for additional support structures, making the overall layout more compact; the overflow pipe 102 provides a stable and centered rotation center for the swivel ring 201, ensuring that the swivel ring 201 and all the blade unit groups 202 mounted on it can rotate smoothly and concentrically around the axis of the overflow pipe 102, thereby ensuring the axial consistency between the pre-swirling guide field and the main separation flow field of the cyclone separator 1, optimizing the symmetry and stability of the flow field, and ultimately improving the classification accuracy.

[0046] Preferably, see Figure 2 , Figure 5 The pre-swirl guide 2 also includes a protective sleeve 204, which includes a base 214 and a horizontal rotating outer cover 224. The base 214 and the horizontal rotating outer cover 224 form a receiving cavity. The bottom of the horizontal rotating outer cover 224 is slidably engaged with the base 214 so that the horizontal rotating outer cover 224 can rotate relative to the base 214 around the axis of the rotating ring 201. The horizontal rotating outer cover 224 has multiple clearance pivot holes, which are distributed at intervals around the axis of the rotating ring 201. The base 214 has clearance through holes that connect to the receiving cavity. The overflow pipe 102 passes through the receiving cavity and the clearance through holes. The guide vane 252 is located outside the receiving cavity, and the blade shaft of the guide vane 252 is rotatably inserted through the clearance pivot holes and connected to the rotating seat 242. This preferred embodiment adds a protective sleeve 204 to the pre-swirl guide 2, which forms a receiving cavity with the base 214 and the horizontal rotating outer cover 224. The horizontal rotating outer cover 224 can rotate relative to the base 214 around its axis. The horizontal rotating outer cover 224 has circumferentially distributed clearance pivot holes, and the base 214 has clearance through holes. The overflow pipe 102 passes through the receiving cavity and the clearance through holes. The guide vane 252 is located outside the receiving cavity, and its blade shaft passes through the clearance pivot holes and connects to the rotating seat 242. The beneficial effect of this structure is that the receiving cavity formed by the protective sleeve 204 completely isolates the precision transmission components such as the rotating ring 201, the lifting adjustment mechanism 203, the angle adjustment lever 212, the rotating connecting rod 232, and the rotating seat 242 from the slurry flow, effectively preventing wear and blockage. The horizontal rotating outer cover 224 can rotate synchronously with the rotating ring 201, and provides rotational support and sealing for the blade shaft of the guide vane 252 through the avoidance pivot hole, ensuring the reliable operation of the blade adjustment mechanism in a clean environment and significantly improving the durability and maintenance cycle of the equipment under harsh slurry conditions.

[0047] Preferably, see Figures 6-8A vortex classifier with a built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure includes an anti-vortex component 3. The anti-vortex component 3 includes a downward delivery pipe 301 and an anti-vortex spray plate 302. The downward delivery pipe 301 and the anti-vortex spray plate 302 are connected sequentially along the delivery direction of the anti-vortex counteracting fluid. The anti-vortex spray plate 302 is installed on and supported by an overflow pipe 102. The anti-vortex spray plate 302 extends circumferentially around the overflow pipe 102 and has multiple anti-vortex liquid injection ports 312, which are distributed circumferentially around the anti-vortex spray plate 302 at intervals. In this preferred embodiment, the anti-vortex component 3 is added, which is composed of the downward delivery pipe 301 and the anti-vortex spray plate 302 connected sequentially. The anti-vortex spray plate 302 is installed and supported on the outer periphery of the overflow pipe 102, forming a ring structure, with multiple anti-vortex liquid injection ports 312 spaced circumferentially on it. The beneficial effects of this structure are as follows: the anti-vortex counteracting fluid is delivered to the annular anti-vortex spray plate 302 via the downward delivery pipe 301, and then ejected downwards through multiple circumferentially distributed anti-vortex injection nozzles 312, forming a uniform and stable liquid curtain barrier near the inlet of the overflow pipe 102. This liquid curtain effectively disrupts and inhibits the formation of air columns and harmful vortex nuclei, significantly reduces the interference of vortices on the classification flow field, stabilizes the negative pressure area at the inlet of the overflow pipe 102, thereby reducing the entrainment of fine particles and the accidental overflow of coarse particles, and significantly improving the final classification efficiency and product accuracy.

[0048] Preferably, the anti-vortex jet nozzle 312 is tilted downwards and faces the periphery of the anti-vortex jet disk 302. This preferred embodiment specifically defines the jet direction of the anti-vortex jet nozzle 312, tilting it downwards and facing the periphery of the anti-vortex jet disk 302. The beneficial effect of this structure is that the downward tilt allows the ejected anti-vortex counteracting fluid to act more directly and deeply on the core vortex region below the inlet of the overflow pipe 102 in the vortex cavity 111. By guiding the liquid flow to the periphery of the anti-vortex jet disk 302, a conical liquid curtain barrier with a wider coverage and stronger kinetic energy can be formed in the annular area between the outer wall of the overflow pipe 102 and the inner wall of the vortex cavity 111. This not only more effectively impacts and destroys the formed air column and harmful vortex core, but also further stabilizes the flow field in this region, reduces the turbulent entrainment of fine particles at the inlet of the overflow pipe 102, thereby significantly improving the classification accuracy and separation efficiency.

[0049] Preferably, the downward delivery pipe 301 is installed inside the overflow pipe 102. This preferred embodiment installs the downward delivery pipe 301 inside the overflow pipe 102. The beneficial effects of this structure are: by internalizing the downward delivery pipe 301, the unused space inside the overflow pipe 102 is fully utilized, making the overall structure of the equipment more compact and avoiding interference that may be caused by external pipeline layout. At the same time, this layout shortens the delivery path of the anti-vortex counteracting fluid, reduces pipeline friction loss, and helps maintain injection pressure. In addition, the internal downward delivery pipe 301 is protected by the wall of the overflow pipe 102, which can effectively prevent direct scouring of the slurry flow and external mechanical collisions, improving the reliability and service life of the anti-vortex component 3 under harsh working conditions.

[0050] Preferably, the anti-vortex assembly 3 further includes an anti-vortex liquid tank 303 and an anti-vortex pump 304, wherein the anti-vortex liquid tank 303, the anti-vortex pump 304, the downward delivery pipe 301, and the anti-vortex spray plate 302 are connected sequentially along the flow direction of the anti-vortex liquid. This preferred embodiment improves the liquid supply system of the anti-vortex assembly 3, which is composed of the anti-vortex liquid tank 303, the anti-vortex pump 304, the downward delivery pipe 301, and the anti-vortex spray plate 302 connected sequentially along the liquid flow direction. The beneficial effects of this structure are: the anti-vortex liquid tank 303 provides a stable and sufficient source of anti-vortex liquid for the system; the anti-vortex pump 304 provides controllable and continuous power for the liquid delivery, ensuring that the anti-vortex liquid can be delivered to the anti-vortex spray plate 302 with sufficient pressure and flow rate via the downward delivery pipe 301, and finally form a stable, uniform, and efficient liquid curtain through the anti-vortex liquid injection port 312 on it. This independent fluid supply system enables precise control of the pressure and flow rate of the anti-fluid, thereby actively and efficiently suppressing air columns and harmful vortex cores according to actual working conditions, significantly enhancing the reliability and adaptability of the equipment's anti-vortex capability.

[0051] Preferably, see Figure 1 , Figure 2The lifting adjustment mechanism 203 is located outside the swirling chamber 111. The lifting drive source 213 includes a drive motor 2131, a screw 2132, a lifting plate 2133, and a drive guide rail 2134. The drive motor 2131 is connected to the screw 2132 in a transmission connection. The lifting plate 2133 is threadedly connected to the screw 2132 and is connected to the lifting connecting rod 223. The drive guide rail 2134 is located outside the swirling chamber 111 and is supported by the swirler 1. It extends along the lifting direction of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233. The drive guide rail 2134 is slidably connected to the lifting plate 2133 so that the lifting plate 2133 is driven by the screw 2132 to drive the lifting connecting rod 223 to rise and fall. In this preferred embodiment, the lifting adjustment mechanism 203 is located outside the swirling chamber 111, and its lifting drive source 213 specifically includes a drive motor 2131, a screw 2132, a lifting plate 2133, and a drive guide rail 2134. The drive motor 2131 drives the screw 2132 to rotate, causing the threaded lifting plate 2133 to rise and fall linearly along the drive guide rail 2134. This, in turn, drives the anti-rotation lifting seat 233 to move via the lifting connecting rod 223. The beneficial effect of this structure is that by externalizing the precision transmission components such as the drive motor 2131, screw 2132, lifting plate 2133, and drive guide rail 2134, they are completely removed from the high-speed rotating and highly abrasive slurry within the vortex chamber 111. This fundamentally avoids wear, blockage, and corrosion, greatly improving the reliability and service life of the lifting adjustment mechanism 203. The drive guide rail 2134 provides a stable and reliable guide for the lifting plate 2133, ensuring the linear accuracy of the lifting action. This makes the lifting and lowering movements of the anti-rotation lifting seat 233, the rotary lifting seat 243, and all the lifting sliders 222 more stable and precise, ultimately achieving highly reliable and long-life precise adjustment of the angle of the guide vanes 252.

[0052] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure, characterized in that, include: A hydrocyclone (1) includes a hydrocyclone tube (101) and an overflow tube (102); the hydrocyclone tube (101) has a hydrocyclone cavity (111) for swirling slurry, the inlet of the overflow tube (102) is inserted into the hydrocyclone cavity (111), and the outlet of the overflow tube (102) extends out of the hydrocyclone cavity (111), the overflow tube (102) is used to allow small particles to be classified to flow out of the hydrocyclone cavity (111); the bottom of the hydrocyclone tube (101) is provided with a discharge port (121), the discharge port (121) is used to discharge large particles to be classified; the hydrocyclone tube (101) is provided with a feed inlet (131), the feed inlet (131) is connected to the hydrocyclone cavity (111), and the feed inlet (131) is tangent to the cavity wall of the hydrocyclone cavity (111); A pre-swirling guide (2) includes a rotating ring (201), multiple blade unit groups (202), and a lifting adjustment mechanism (203). The rotating ring (201) is located inside the swirling cavity (111) and is supported by the swirler (1). The rotating ring (201) can rotate relative to the swirler (1) around its axis. The rotating ring (201) is provided with multiple lifting guide rails (211). 11) The lifting guide rails (211) are distributed circumferentially around the rotating ring (201) and extend along the axial direction of the rotating ring (201); a plurality of blade unit groups (202) are disposed on the outer side wall of the rotating ring (201) and distributed circumferentially around the rotating ring (201) to follow the rotation of the rotating ring (201); the blade unit group (202) includes an angle adjusting lever (212), a rotating connecting rod (232), a rotating seat (242) and a flow guide. Blade (252); The sliding end of the angle adjusting lever (212) is slidably engaged with the lifting guide rail (211) via the lifting slider (222); the pivot end of the angle adjusting lever (212) is pivotally connected to the swing end of the rotary connecting rod (232); the rotary end of the rotary connecting rod (232) is mounted on the rotary seat (242) to drive the rotary seat (242) to rotate around the rotary axis of the rotary seat (242); the rotary seat (242) is pivotally connected to the rotary ring. (201), so as to be able to rotate relative to the rotary ring (201); the guide vane (252) is mounted on the rotary seat (242) to adjust the tilt angle of the guide vane (252) relative to the feed inlet (131) by following the swing of the rotary seat (242); the lifting adjustment mechanism (203) has a lifting drive unit, and the plurality of lifting sliders (222) are all connected to the lifting drive unit and supported by the output unit of the lifting adjustment mechanism (203).

2. The swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting adjustment mechanism (203) includes a lifting drive source (213), a lifting connecting rod (223), an anti-rotation lifting seat (233), and a rotary lifting seat (243). The lifting drive source (213) is installed on the cyclone separator (1). The lifting drive source (213), the lifting connecting rod (223), and the anti-rotation lifting seat (233) are sequentially connected in a transmission manner so that the lifting connecting rod (223) can drive the anti-rotation lifting seat (233) to lift. One of the anti-rotation lifting seat (233) and the rotary lifting seat (243) has a surrounding opening. A rotary guide rail (253) extends along the axis of the rotary ring (201), the rotary guide rail (253) extends around the axis of the rotary ring (201) and forms a ring structure; the other of the anti-rotation lifting seat (233) and the rotary lifting seat (243) is provided with a rotary slider (263) that slides with the rotary guide rail (253), and the rotary lifting seat (243) is supported by the anti-rotation lifting seat (233); a plurality of lifting sliders (222) are connected to the rotary lifting seat (243) and are supported by the rotary lifting seat (243).

3. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the anti-rotation lifting seat (233) is provided with the rotary guide rail (253), and the top of the rotary lifting seat (243) is provided with the rotary slider (263). The rotary slider (263) extends around the axis of the rotary ring (201) and forms a ring structure.

4. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating ring (201) is sleeved around the overflow pipe (102) and supported by the overflow pipe (102).

5. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pre-swirl guide (2) further includes a protective sleeve (204), which includes a base (214) and a horizontal rotating outer cover (224). The base (214) and the horizontal rotating outer cover (224) form a receiving cavity. The bottom of the horizontal rotating outer cover (224) is slidably engaged with the base (214) so ​​that the horizontal rotating outer cover (224) can rotate relative to the base (214) around the axis of the rotating ring (201). The cover (224) has multiple clearance pivot holes, which are distributed at intervals around the axis of the rotating ring (201); the base (214) has clearance through holes, which connect to the accommodating cavity; the overflow pipe (102) passes through the accommodating cavity and the clearance through holes; the guide vane (252) is located outside the accommodating cavity, and the blade shaft of the guide vane (252) is rotatably passed through the clearance pivot holes and connected to the rotating seat (242).

6. A swirl classifier with a built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The vortex classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure includes an anti-vortex component (3). The anti-vortex component (3) includes a downward liquid delivery pipe (301) and an anti-vortex jet plate (302). The downward liquid delivery pipe (301) and the anti-vortex jet plate (302) are connected in sequence along the conveying direction of the anti-vortex counteracting liquid. The anti-vortex jet plate (302) is installed on the overflow pipe (102) and supported by the overflow pipe (102). The anti-vortex jet plate (302) extends circumferentially around the overflow pipe (102). The anti-vortex jet plate (302) has multiple anti-vortex liquid injection ports (312). The multiple anti-vortex liquid injection ports (312) are distributed circumferentially around the anti-vortex jet plate (302).

7. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anti-vortex jet nozzle (312) is tilted downwards and faces the periphery of the anti-vortex jet disk (302).

8. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The downward infusion tube (301) is installed inside the overflow tube (102).

9. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anti-vortex assembly (3) also includes an anti-vortex liquid tank (303) and an anti-vortex pump (304), wherein the anti-vortex liquid tank (303), the anti-vortex pump (304), the downward delivery pipe (301), and the anti-vortex spray plate (302) are connected in sequence along the flow direction of the anti-vortex liquid.

10. A swirl classifier with built-in pre-swirl guiding and anti-vortex structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The lifting adjustment mechanism (203) is located outside the swirling cavity (111). The lifting drive source (213) includes a drive motor (2131), a screw (2132), a lifting plate (2133), and a drive guide rail (2134). The drive motor (2131) is connected to the screw (2132) in a transmission connection. The lifting plate (2133) is threadedly connected to the screw (2132) and connected to the lifting connecting rod (223). The drive guide rail (2134) is located outside the swirling cavity (111) and supported by the swirler (1). It extends along the lifting direction of the anti-rotation lifting seat (233). The drive guide rail (2134) is slidably connected to the lifting plate (2133) so that the lifting plate (2133) is driven by the screw (2132) to drive the lifting connecting rod (223) to rise and fall.

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