Welding device and welding method

Abstract

The invention provides a welding device and a welding method.The welding device comprises an electromagnetic assembly and an electrode assembly, the electromagnetic assembly comprises a first electromagnetic element and a second electromagnetic element, and the electrode assembly comprises two electrode components which are opposite in the first direction and spaced apart; the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are annular, the first electromagnetic element is arranged on the electrode component in a sleeving manner, and the second electromagnetic element is arranged outside the first electromagnetic element in a sleeving manner; when the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are electrified at the same time, a first magnetic field is generated, and magnetic lines of the first magnetic field form a closed loop and pass through the interval between the two electrode components; in the first direction, the end, away from the interval of the two electrode components, of the electromagnetic assembly is an N pole, and the end, close to the interval of the two electrode components, of the electromagnetic assembly is an S pole. In the embodiment of the invention, through the first magnetic field generated when the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are electrified at the same time, welding spatter can be restrained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of welding technology, and in particular to a welding apparatus and welding method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, resistance spot welding is a commonly used technique for connecting body-in-white components.

[0003] Resistance spot welding technology has advantages such as stable connection, fast cycle time and low cost. However, molten metal spatter is a common but dangerous phenomenon during the welding process. This not only reduces the welding quality, but may also pose a serious threat to the safety of operators.

[0004] Suppressing welding spatter is a problem that urgently needs to be solved during resistance spot welding. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present application aims to provide a welding apparatus and welding method to suppress welding spatter.

[0006] According to a first aspect of this application, a welding apparatus is provided, including an electromagnetic assembly and an electrode assembly, the electromagnetic assembly including a first electromagnetic element and a second electromagnetic element, and the electrode assembly including two electrode members that are opposite to and spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are ring-shaped. The first electromagnetic element is sleeved on the electrode component, and the second electromagnetic element is sleeved outside the first electromagnetic element. When the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are energized simultaneously, a first magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field form a closed loop and pass through the gap between the two electrode components. Along the first direction, the end of the electromagnetic component away from the gap between the two electrode components is the N pole, and the end of the electromagnetic component close to the gap between the two electrode components is the S pole.

[0007] Optionally, along the first direction, the distance between the center point of the first electromagnetic element and the center point of the second electromagnetic element is greater than 0, and the overlap height between the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element is greater than 0.

[0008] Optionally, the first electromagnetic element is connected to a first energized structure. When the first electromagnetic element is energized alone, it generates a second magnetic field, which is different from the first magnetic field. The second electromagnetic element is connected to a second energized structure. When the second electromagnetic element is energized alone, it generates a third magnetic field. The third magnetic field is different from the second magnetic field and also different from the first magnetic field.

[0009] Optionally, the two electrode components include a first electrode component, the first electrode component including a first electrode rod and a first welding electrode connected to the first electrode rod, and the first electromagnetic element is sleeved on the first electrode rod; The first electromagnetic element has a first end face close to the first welding electrode, and the first welding electrode has a second end face away from the first electrode rod. Along the first direction, the distance between the first end face and the second end face is 5mm-10mm.

[0010] Optionally, the two electrode components further include a second electrode component, which includes a second electrode rod and a second welding electrode connected to the second electrode rod, wherein the first welding electrode is a negative electrode and the second welding electrode is a positive electrode.

[0011] Optionally, the first electromagnetic element includes a first coil and a first heat insulation core, wherein the first heat insulation core is annular and the first coil is wound around the first heat insulation core; The second electromagnetic element includes a second coil and a second heat insulation core. The second heat insulation core is annular, and the second coil is wound around the second heat insulation core.

[0012] According to a second aspect of this application, a welding method is also provided, applied to a welding apparatus, the welding apparatus including an electromagnetic component and an electrode assembly, the electromagnetic component including a first electromagnetic element and a second electromagnetic element, and the electrode assembly including two electrode members that are opposite to and spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are ring-shaped. The first electromagnetic element is sleeved on the electrode component, and the second electromagnetic element is sleeved outside the first electromagnetic element. When the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are energized simultaneously, a first magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field form a closed loop. The end of the first magnetic field away from the gap between the two electrode components is the N pole, and the end of the first magnetic field close to the gap between the two electrode components is the S pole. The welding method includes: When the welding duration reaches the set time, the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are simultaneously energized until the welding is completed, wherein the set time is greater than 0.

[0013] Optionally, the set time is less than the first time, where the first time is the time interval between the start of welding and the start of welding spatter during the calibration welding process, and the difference between the first time and the set time is 10 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds.

[0014] Optionally, the welding method further includes energizing both the first and second electromagnetic elements simultaneously when the welding duration reaches a set time, until the welding is completed: After welding begins, the first electromagnetic element is energized alone until the welding duration reaches the set time.

[0015] Optionally, the welding method further includes energizing both the first and second electromagnetic elements simultaneously when the welding duration reaches a set time, until welding is completed: After welding is completed, the second electromagnetic element is energized separately until the second electromagnetic element has been energized separately for the set cooling time.

[0016] In this embodiment, the magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field generated by the simultaneous energization of the first and second electromagnetic elements form a closed loop and pass through the welding area located between the two electrode components. Under the action of the first magnetic field, the molten metal carrying the welding current in the welding area is subjected to a Lorentz force. This Lorentz force can constrain the flow of the molten metal and suppress violent fluctuations in the molten metal, thereby suppressing welding spatter and reducing the risk of spatter. In addition, the magnetic field lines passing through the welding area between the two electrode components pass through the central region of the electromagnetic assembly, where the magnetic field lines are denser and exhibit a stronger magnetic field strength, which can enhance the effect of suppressing welding spatter.

[0017] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the welding device provided in the embodiments of this application when the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are simultaneously energized; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the welding apparatus provided in this application embodiment when the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are simultaneously energized; Figure 3 This is a front view schematic diagram of the welding apparatus provided in this application when the first electromagnetic element is energized alone; Figure 4This is a front view schematic diagram of the welding apparatus provided in this application when the second electromagnetic element is energized alone; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first electromagnetic element in the welding apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the welding method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0019] Figure label: 10-First electromagnetic element, 11-First coil, 12-First heat insulation core, 20-Second electromagnetic element, 30-First electrode component, 31-First welding electrode, 32-First electrode rod, 40-Second electrode component, 41-Second welding electrode, 42-Second electrode rod; C1 - Magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field, C2 - Magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field, C3 - Magnetic field lines of the third magnetic field, E - Solder joint area, A - First direction, B - Direction of welding current of electrode assembly. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the various embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, those skilled in the art will understand that many technical details have been presented in the various embodiments of this application to enable readers to better understand this application. However, even without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments, the technical solutions claimed in this application can be implemented. The division of the various embodiments below is for the convenience of description and should not constitute any limitation on the specific implementation of this application. The various embodiments can be combined with and referenced by each other without contradiction.

[0021] Resistance spot welding technology has advantages such as stable connection, rapid cycle time, and low cost. However, molten metal spatter is a common but dangerous phenomenon during the welding process, which not only reduces the welding quality but may also pose a serious threat to the safety of operators. Suppressing welding spatter during resistance spot welding is a problem that urgently needs to be solved. To address these issues, embodiments of this application provide a welding apparatus and welding method, which are described in detail below.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 4This application provides a welding apparatus, including an electromagnetic component and an electrode component. The electromagnetic component includes a first electromagnetic element 10 and a second electromagnetic element 20. The electrode component includes two electrode members that are opposite to each other and spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are annular. The first electromagnetic element 10 is sleeved on the electrode member, and the second electromagnetic element 20 is sleeved outside the first electromagnetic element 10. When the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are energized simultaneously, a first magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines C1 of the first magnetic field form a closed loop and pass through the gap between the two electrode members. Along the first direction, the end of the electromagnetic component away from the gap between the two electrode members is the N pole (north pole), and the end of the electromagnetic component close to the gap between the two electrode members is the S pole (south pole).

[0023] The welding device is a resistance spot welding device, specifically used for spot welding two workpieces, which are sheet metal parts. The welding device is specifically a welding torch. The first direction is the height direction of the electrode component, which can be referenced... Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The direction indicated by arrow A. The first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 generate a magnetic field when energized, and the magnetic field disappears when the power is turned off. The first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 can be electromagnetic coils with or without a core.

[0024] The cross-section of the electrode component perpendicular to the first direction can be circular; correspondingly, both the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are annular. The first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are coaxially arranged, with the first electromagnetic element 10 located in the inner layer and the second electromagnetic element 20 located in the outer layer. When the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are energized simultaneously, the first electromagnetic element 10 generates a magnetic field, and the second electromagnetic element 20 generates a magnetic field; the first magnetic field is a composite magnetic field of both.

[0025] Preferably, there is one electromagnetic assembly, that is, one first electromagnetic element 10 and one second electromagnetic element 20. The first electromagnetic element 10 is mounted on one of the electrode components, and the second electromagnetic element 20 is mounted outside the first electromagnetic element 10. During welding, the direction of the welding current in the electrode assembly is from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, as detailed in the following reference. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The direction indicated by arrow B in the middle. For example, Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 An electromagnetic component is installed on the negative electrode component, that is, on the upper electrode component, and the welding current of the electrode component is in the direction from bottom to top.

[0026] In other examples, the number of electromagnetic components can be two, that is, there are two first electromagnetic elements 10 and two second electromagnetic elements 20. One first electromagnetic element 10 is mounted on one of the electrode components, and one second electromagnetic element 20 is mounted outside the first electromagnetic element 10. The other first electromagnetic element 10 is mounted on another electrode component, and the other second electromagnetic element 20 is mounted outside the first electromagnetic element 10.

[0027] The two electrode components include a first electrode component 30 and a second electrode component 40. The first electrode component 30 includes a first electrode rod 32 and a first welding electrode 31 connected to the first electrode rod 32. The second electrode component 40 includes a second electrode rod 42 and a second welding electrode 41 connected to the second electrode rod 42.

[0028] The interval between the two electrode components is also the interval between the first welding electrode 31 and the second welding electrode 41.

[0029] When the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are energized simultaneously, the current directions of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are the same. When the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are energized simultaneously, the current of the first electromagnetic element 10 can be greater than the current of the second electromagnetic element 20.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 When the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are simultaneously energized, outside the electromagnetic assembly, the magnetic field lines C1 of the first magnetic field emerge from the N pole and point towards the S pole; inside the electromagnetic assembly, the direction of the magnetic field lines points from the S pole to the N pole, thus forming a closed loop. (Refer to...) Figure 2 At the interval between the two electrode components, the lower end of the magnetic field lines points from the outside in, that is, towards the solder joint area E. The magnetic field lines passing through the solder joint area between the two electrode components pass through the central region of the electromagnetic component, where the magnetic field lines are denser, exhibiting a strong magnetic field strength.

[0031] In this embodiment, the magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field generated by the simultaneous energization of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 form a closed loop and pass through the welding area located between the two electrode components. Under the action of the first magnetic field, the molten metal carrying the welding current in the welding area is subjected to a Lorentz force. This Lorentz force can constrain the flow of the molten metal and suppress violent fluctuations in the molten metal, thereby suppressing welding spatter and reducing the risk of spatter. In addition, the magnetic field lines passing through the welding area between the two electrode components pass through the central region of the electromagnetic assembly, where the magnetic field lines are denser and exhibit a stronger magnetic field strength, which can enhance the effect of suppressing welding spatter.

[0032] In some embodiments, along the first direction, the distance between the center point of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the center point of the second electromagnetic element 20 is greater than 0, and the overlap height between the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 is greater than 0.

[0033] The overlap height of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20, that is, the height of the overlapping part of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20, can also be understood as the height of the part of the first electromagnetic element 10 located within the second electromagnetic element 20.

[0034] By adjusting the relative positions of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 along the first direction, the spatial distribution characteristics of the generated first magnetic field can be adjusted, such as its shape, position of action, and angle of action. The optimal spatial distribution characteristics of the first magnetic field are such that the lower end of the magnetic field lines C1 of the first magnetic field is located exactly at the welding surface. The welding surface is also the contact surface at the welding point of the two workpieces.

[0035] In this embodiment, along the first direction, the positions of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are staggered, and the end faces of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are not on the same plane, which enables the lower end of the magnetic field line C1 of the first magnetic field to be located near the welding surface, thereby enhancing the effect of suppressing welding spatter.

[0036] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The first electromagnetic element 10 is connected to a first energized structure. When the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized alone, it generates a second magnetic field. The magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field are referenced to... Figure 3 The line shown in C2 indicates that the second magnetic field is different from the first magnetic field; the second electromagnetic element 20 is connected to a second energized structure, and when the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized alone, it generates a third magnetic field, the magnetic field lines of which are referenced. Figure 4 The line shown in C3 indicates that the third magnetic field is different from the second magnetic field and also different from the first magnetic field.

[0037] The first energizing structure includes a first power source and a first power wire, with the first power source supplying current to the first electromagnetic element 10 through the first power wire. The second energizing structure includes a second power source and a second power wire, with the second power source supplying current to the second electromagnetic element 20 through the second power wire. The first and second energizing structures are two independent energizing structures, thereby enabling the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 to be supplied with current independently.

[0038] The first electromagnetic element 10 is connected to a first external current interface, which is electrically connected to a first power line. The second electromagnetic element 20 is connected to a second external current interface, which is electrically connected to a second power line. The strength of the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 is proportional to the current flowing through them. By controlling the magnitude of the current flowing through the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20, the strength of the magnetic field can be controlled.

[0039] When the first energizing structure is working and the second energizing structure is not working, the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized independently. When the second energizing structure is working and the first energizing structure is not working, the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized independently.

[0040] The stage when the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized alone corresponds to the pre-control stage, also known as the welding pre-pressure stage. When the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized alone, the vertically concentrated and uniformly distributed magnetic lines of force of the second magnetic field act on the welding current, forcing the welding current to be more evenly distributed in the welding area, which can reduce spatter caused by local overheating. At the same time, the vertical magnetic lines of force of the second magnetic field can suppress the tiny arc discharge at the moment of contact between the electrode and the workpiece, thereby reducing initial spatter. When the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized alone, under the action of the third magnetic field, the cooling of the molten metal can be accelerated, the solidification of the weld nugget can be accelerated, and the probability of later spatter can be reduced.

[0041] In some embodiments, the two electrode components include a first electrode component 30, which includes a first electrode rod 32 and a first welding electrode 31 connected to the first electrode rod 32. A first electromagnetic element 10 is sleeved on the first electrode rod 32. The first electromagnetic element 10 has a first end face close to the first welding electrode 31, and the first welding electrode 31 has a second end face away from the first electrode rod 32. Along a first direction, the distance between the first end face and the second end face is 5mm-10mm.

[0042] The first end face is the lower end face of the first electromagnetic element 10, and the second end face is the lower end face of the first welding electrode 31. The first welding electrode 31 also has a third end face near the first electrode rod 32, and the first end face is preferably located above the third end face. A groove may be formed on the first electrode rod 32, and the first electromagnetic element 10 can be fitted into the groove of the first electrode rod 32. In other embodiments, the groove may not be formed on the first electrode rod 32.

[0043] In this embodiment, the distance between the first end face and the second end face is 5mm-10mm, which can avoid interference with the welding operation caused by the electromagnetic components being installed too close, and avoid insufficient magnetic field strength in the welding area caused by the installation distance being too far, resulting in insufficient Lorentz force on the molten metal.

[0044] The specific distance between the first and second end faces can be designed according to the structure of the welding device and the actual requirements for spatter suppression. Once the specific distance between the first and second end faces is designed, the magnitude of the current flowing through the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 can be designed accordingly to output the required magnetic field strength. After the magnitude of the current flowing through the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 is designed, the relative positions of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 along the first direction can be adjusted to adjust the spatial distribution characteristics of the generated first magnetic field.

[0045] In some embodiments, the two electrode components further include a second electrode component 40, which includes a second electrode rod 42 and a second welding electrode 41 connected to the second electrode rod 42. The first welding electrode 31 is a negative electrode, and the second welding electrode 41 is a positive electrode. The direction of the welding current in the electrode assembly is from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, as detailed in the following reference. Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The direction indicated by arrow B in the middle.

[0046] In this embodiment, the direction of the welding current in the electrode assembly is the same as the direction of the magnetic field lines inside the second magnetic field generated when the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized alone; both are from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. Figure 3 In the B direction, it is possible to force the welding current to be distributed more evenly in the welding area during the pre-control stage, and suppress the tiny arc discharge at the moment of contact between the electrode and the workpiece.

[0047] In some embodiments, refer to Figure 5 The first electromagnetic element 10 includes a first coil 11 and a first heat-insulating core 12. The first heat-insulating core 12 is annular, and the first coil 11 is wound around the first heat-insulating core 12. The second electromagnetic element 20 includes a second coil and a second heat-insulating core. The second heat-insulating core is annular, and the second coil is wound around the second heat-insulating core. The first heat-insulating core 12 and the second heat-insulating core are made of heat-insulating material, such as ceramic insulating material. Since the electromagnetic assembly is installed in a heat-generating area, the use of heat-insulating cores can provide heat insulation, thereby improving the service life of the electromagnetic assembly.

[0048] Welding of workpieces using the aforementioned welding equipment can reduce welding spatter by 50%-70%, and reduce problems such as weld porosity and cracks by 40%-60%; it can also reduce the contamination and adhesion of welding spatter to the electrodes, thereby reducing electrode wear and production costs; it can reduce the need for spatter rework by 50%, improving production efficiency; and it can improve the surface quality of the vehicle body.

[0049] This application also provides a welding method applied to a welding apparatus, which includes an electromagnetic component and an electrode assembly. The electromagnetic component includes a first electromagnetic element 10 and a second electromagnetic element 20. The electrode assembly includes two electrode members that are opposite to each other and spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are annular. The first electromagnetic element 10 is sleeved on the electrode member, and the second electromagnetic element 20 is sleeved outside the first electromagnetic element 10. When the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are energized simultaneously, a first magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines C1 of the first magnetic field form a closed loop and pass through the gap between the two electrode members. Along the first direction, the end of the electromagnetic component away from the gap between the two electrode members is an N pole, and the end of the electromagnetic component close to the gap between the two electrode members is an S pole.

[0050] Reference Figure 6 The diagram shows a flowchart of a welding method provided in an embodiment of this application. The welding method includes: S2, when the welding duration reaches a set time, energizing the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element simultaneously until the welding is completed.

[0051] The set time is greater than 0. The welding duration is the time that welding has lasted from the start to the present. Before the welding duration reaches the set time, there is basically no welding spatter or only slight welding spatter, with the slight welding spatter being of a very small degree.

[0052] Welding spatter is about to occur or begins to occur when the welding duration reaches the set time. Here, welding spatter refers to welding spatter that reaches the set spatter level. Whether the welding spatter reaches the set spatter level can be analyzed using welding videos or images. Preferably, welding spatter is about to occur when the welding duration reaches the set time.

[0053] The stage in which the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are simultaneously energized corresponds to the welding suppression stage. The strength of the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic element 10 and the strength of the magnetic field generated by the second electromagnetic element 20 during the welding suppression stage can be preset, and a current of corresponding magnitude is supplied to the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 according to the preset magnetic field strength.

[0054] In this embodiment, the magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field generated by the simultaneous energization of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20, forming a closed loop, pass through the welding area located between the two electrode components. Under the action of the magnetic field lines C1 of the first magnetic field, the molten metal carrying the welding current in the welding area is subjected to a Lorentz force. This Lorentz force has a gathering effect on the molten metal in the welding area, thereby suppressing welding spatter. Furthermore, the magnetic field lines passing through the welding area between the two electrode components pass through the central region of the electromagnetic assembly, where the magnetic field lines are denser, exhibiting a stronger magnetic field strength, which can enhance the effect of suppressing welding spatter.

[0055] In some embodiments, along a first direction, the distance between the center point of the first electromagnetic element 10 and the center point of the second electromagnetic element 20 is greater than 0, and the overlap height between the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 is greater than 0. The two electrode components include a first electrode component 30 and a second electrode component 40. The first electrode component 30 includes a first electrode rod 32 and a first welding electrode 31 connected to the first electrode rod 32. The second electrode component 40 includes a second electrode rod 42 and a second welding electrode 41 connected to the second electrode rod 42. The first welding electrode 31 is a negative electrode, and the second welding electrode 41 is a positive electrode.

[0056] The first electromagnetic element 10 is sleeved on the first electrode rod 32; the first electromagnetic element 10 has a first end face close to the first welding electrode 31, and the first welding electrode 31 has a second end face away from the first electrode rod 32. Along the first direction, the distance between the first end face and the second end face is 5mm-10mm. The first electromagnetic element 10 includes a first coil and a first heat insulation core. The first heat insulation core is annular, and the first coil is wound around the first heat insulation core. The second electromagnetic element 20 includes a second coil and a second heat insulation core. The second heat insulation core is annular, and the second coil is wound around the second heat insulation core.

[0057] In some embodiments, the set time is less than the first time, where the first time is the time interval between the start of welding and the start of welding spatter during the calibration welding process, and the difference between the first time and the set time is 10 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds.

[0058] Specifically, welding spatter is about to occur when the set time is less than the first time, meaning the welding duration reaches the set time. Here, welding spatter refers to welding spatter that reaches the set spatter level. Whether the welding spatter reaches the set spatter level can be analyzed using welding videos or images. The preferred difference between the first time and the set time is 10 milliseconds.

[0059] The first time is pre-calibrated, and the purpose of calibrating the welding process is to calibrate the welding process at the first time. The calibration method can be as follows: Before the actual welding, weld the same workpiece under the same conditions; this welding process is the calibration welding process. During the calibration welding process, the welding controller records the start time of welding. Then, a vision camera monitors the welding process in real time and captures welding video. The welding controller can compare the captured welding video with pre-stored reference images of welding spatter reaching a set spatter level. If the similarity between the current image in the welding video and the reference image reaches a set threshold, the current time is recorded as the start time of the welding spatter. The time interval between the start time of the welding spatter and the start time of the welding process is the first time.

[0060] In this embodiment, when welding spatter is about to occur, that is, before welding spatter occurs, the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are simultaneously energized to pre-establish the first magnetic field, so as to ensure that the first magnetic field has been formed and exists stably when welding spatter begins to occur, thereby enabling timely suppression of welding spatter and avoiding the inability to suppress welding spatter in time due to energizing only when welding spatter begins to occur.

[0061] In some embodiments, when the welding duration reaches a set time, the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are simultaneously energized until the welding is completed. The welding method further includes: S1, after the welding starts, the first electromagnetic element is energized alone until the welding duration reaches the set time.

[0062] The first electromagnetic element 10 is connected to a first energized structure. When the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized alone, it generates a second magnetic field. The magnetic field lines of the second magnetic field are referenced to... Figure 3 The line shown in C2 indicates that the second magnetic field is different from the first magnetic field; the second electromagnetic element 20 is connected to a second energized structure, and when the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized alone, it generates a third magnetic field, the magnetic field lines of which are referenced. Figure 4 The line shown in C3 indicates that the third magnetic field is different from the second magnetic field and also different from the first magnetic field.

[0063] When the first energizing structure is working and the second energizing structure is not working, the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized independently. The stage where the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized independently corresponds to the pre-control stage, also known as the welding pre-pressure stage. The strength of the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic element 10 during the pre-control stage can be preset, and a current of corresponding magnitude is supplied to the first electromagnetic element 10 according to the preset magnetic field strength. During the pre-control stage, the strength of the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic element 10 can be equal to the strength of the magnetic field generated by the first electromagnetic element 10 during the welding suppression stage.

[0064] The preferred difference between the first time and the set time is 10 milliseconds. Let the first time be T2, and the welding duration at completion be T1. Then, the pre-control stage corresponds to a welding duration of 0 - (T2 - 10), and the welding inhibition stage corresponds to a welding duration of (T2 - 10) - T1. The units for T2 and T1 can be milliseconds.

[0065] When the first electromagnetic element 10 is energized alone, the vertically concentrated and uniformly distributed magnetic lines of force of the second magnetic field act on the welding current, forcing the welding current to be distributed more evenly in the welding area, which can reduce spatter caused by local overheating. At the same time, the vertical magnetic lines of force of the second magnetic field can suppress the tiny arc discharge at the moment of contact between the electrode and the workpiece, thereby reducing initial spatter.

[0066] In some embodiments, when the welding duration reaches a set time, the first electromagnetic element 10 and the second electromagnetic element 20 are simultaneously energized until the welding is completed. The welding method further includes: S3, after the welding is completed, the second electromagnetic element is energized alone until the time when the second electromagnetic element is energized alone reaches a set cooling time.

[0067] When the second energizing structure is active and the first energizing structure is inactive, the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized independently. This independent energization of the second electromagnetic element 20 corresponds to the cooling phase. The strength of the magnetic field generated by the second electromagnetic element 20 during the cooling phase can be preset, and a current of corresponding magnitude is supplied to the second electromagnetic element 20 based on the preset magnetic field strength. The strength of the magnetic field generated by the second electromagnetic element 20 during the cooling phase can be equal to the strength of the magnetic field generated by the second electromagnetic element 20 during the welding suppression phase.

[0068] The cooling time can be set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose specific limitations. The workpiece cooling ends when the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized alone for the set cooling time. When the second electromagnetic element 20 is energized alone, under the influence of the third magnetic field, it can accelerate the cooling of the molten metal, speed up the solidification of the molten core, and reduce the probability of subsequent splashing.

[0069] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0070] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0071] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A welding apparatus, characterized in that, It includes an electromagnetic component and an electrode component. The electromagnetic component includes a first electromagnetic element and a second electromagnetic element. The electrode component includes two electrode members that are opposite to each other and spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are ring-shaped. The first electromagnetic element is sleeved on the electrode component, and the second electromagnetic element is sleeved outside the first electromagnetic element. When the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are energized simultaneously, a first magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field form a closed loop and pass through the interval between the two electrode components. Along the first direction, the end of the electromagnetic component away from the gap between the two electrode members is the N pole, and the end of the electromagnetic component close to the gap between the two electrode members is the S pole.

2. The welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the distance between the center point of the first electromagnetic element and the center point of the second electromagnetic element is greater than 0, and the overlap height between the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element is greater than 0.

3. The welding apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electromagnetic element is connected to a first energized structure. When the first electromagnetic element is energized alone, it generates a second magnetic field, which is different from the first magnetic field. The second electromagnetic element is connected to a second energized structure. When the second electromagnetic element is energized alone, it generates a third magnetic field. The third magnetic field is different from the second magnetic field and also different from the first magnetic field.

4. The welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The two electrode components include a first electrode component, the first electrode component including a first electrode rod and a first welding electrode connected to the first electrode rod, and the first electromagnetic element is sleeved on the first electrode rod; The first electromagnetic element has a first end face close to the first welding electrode, and the first welding electrode has a second end face away from the first electrode rod. Along the first direction, the distance between the first end face and the second end face is 5mm-10mm.

5. The welding apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two electrode components further include a second electrode component, which includes a second electrode rod and a second welding electrode connected to the second electrode rod. The first welding electrode is a negative electrode, and the second welding electrode is a positive electrode.

6. The welding apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first electromagnetic element includes a first coil and a first heat insulation core, wherein the first heat insulation core is annular and the first coil is wound around the first heat insulation core; The second electromagnetic element includes a second coil and a second heat insulation core. The second heat insulation core is annular, and the second coil is wound around the second heat insulation core.

7. A welding method, characterized in that, The invention is applied to a welding apparatus, which includes an electromagnetic assembly and an electrode assembly. The electromagnetic assembly includes a first electromagnetic element and a second electromagnetic element, and the electrode assembly includes two electrode components that are opposite to each other and spaced apart along a first direction. Both the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are ring-shaped. The first electromagnetic element is sleeved on the electrode component, and the second electromagnetic element is sleeved outside the first electromagnetic element. When the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are energized simultaneously, a first magnetic field is generated. The magnetic field lines of the first magnetic field form a closed loop. The end of the first magnetic field away from the gap between the two electrode components is the N pole, and the end of the first magnetic field close to the gap between the two electrode components is the S pole. The welding method includes: When the welding duration reaches the set time, the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are simultaneously energized until the welding is completed, wherein the set time is greater than 0.

8. The welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The set time is less than the first time, where the first time is the time interval between the start of welding and the start of welding spatter during the calibration welding process, and the difference between the first time and the set time is 10 milliseconds to 50 milliseconds.

9. The welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The welding method further includes energizing both the first and second electromagnetic components simultaneously when the welding duration reaches a set time, until the welding is completed. After welding begins, the first electromagnetic element is energized alone until the welding duration reaches the set time.

10. The welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the welding duration reaches a set time, the first electromagnetic element and the second electromagnetic element are simultaneously energized until the welding is completed. The welding method further includes: After welding is completed, the second electromagnetic element is energized separately until the second electromagnetic element has been energized separately for the set cooling time.

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