Flame-retardant light bamboo-joint-imitating composite scaffold system

Abstract

A flame-retardant light bamboo-joint-imitating composite scaffold system is characterized in that the outer surface of a vertical rod is integrally coated with an intumescent flame-retardant coating layer with the thickness of 0.3 mm to 2.0 mm, the coating layer is made of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin containing halogen-free flame retardants, point-shaped, tooth-shaped or corrugated anti-skid textures are pressed on the outer surface of the coating layer, a connecting hoop is of a two-piece structure, and the outer surface of the connecting hoop is of a hollow structure. The inner wall of the hoop is provided with a protruding inner tooth structure meshed with the annular positioning groove, and a flexible high-friction gasket with the friction coefficient not lower than 0.6 is attached to the inner wall of the hoop. And an eccentric cam type quick locking mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the connecting hoop. The flame-retardant resin matrix and the continuous fiber reinforced material are adopted, the hollow vertical rods, the cross rods and the inclined struts are integrally formed through the pultrusion process, the transportation and high-altitude carrying burden is reduced, the weight is reduced while the compression resistance and bending rigidity are guaranteed, the materials are saved through the hollow cavities inside, it is guaranteed that the vertical rods are axially aligned and are not subjected to eccentric compression when spliced, and the service life of the vertical rods is prolonged. And the overall vertical stability is effectively maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of construction equipment, specifically a flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system. Background Technology

[0002] In the current construction industry, traditional scaffolding still primarily uses Q235 carbon structural steel or galvanized steel pipes as its main materials. Although metal scaffolding boasts high strength and mature erection standards, its inherent defects still present the following technical challenges under the trends of modern green construction and intelligent construction:

[0003] First, the weight of a single upright (Φ48×3.5mm) of a standard steel pipe scaffolding is usually more than 4kg / m, and the entire system is extremely heavy. In the construction of high-rise or super high-rise buildings, a large number of steel pipes need to be transported vertically to the work surface by hand, which is not only labor-intensive and inefficient, but also prone to safety accidents due to instability or slippage. Existing lightweight attempts (such as aluminum alloy scaffolding) have reduced some weight, but they are expensive, lack rigidity, are easy to deform, and do not have flame-retardant and insulation properties, making it difficult to promote on a large scale.

[0004] Secondly, the mainstream coupler-type steel pipe scaffolding currently uses right-angle couplers and swivel couplers, which require wrenches for tightening. This results in low installation efficiency, weak torsional resistance, and a tendency for joint rotation under wind loads or asymmetrical construction loads, leading to overall scaffold instability. Furthermore, metal couplers are prone to corrosion in humid environments, and the clamping force decreases after thread wear, leading to "false tightening" over long-term use, posing a significant safety hazard. Although some quick-assembly scaffolding incorporates pins or spring clips, these still cannot simultaneously guarantee anti-slip, torsional, and vibration stability. Moreover, most of these are metal-to-metal contacts, making them highly conductive and unsuitable for areas near power facilities or explosion-proof zones. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system to at least partially solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0007] This invention proposes a flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system, comprising hollow composite uprights, horizontal bars, connecting clamps, scaffold boards, and enclosure layers formed by pultrusion of a flame-retardant resin matrix and continuous fiber reinforcement.

[0008] The upright is provided with a ring of reinforcing ribs every 250mm to 450mm along the axial direction. The outer diameter of the ring of reinforcing ribs is 3mm to 10mm larger than the outer diameter of the upright body. Each ring of reinforcing ribs has at least one ring positioning groove with a depth of 1mm to 3mm and a width of 2mm to 5mm on its outer surface.

[0009] The outer surface of the pole is entirely covered with an intumescent flame-retardant coating layer with a thickness of 0.3mm to 2.0mm. The coating layer is composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin containing halogen-free flame retardant, and has dotted, toothed or corrugated anti-slip textures pressed on its surface.

[0010] The connecting clamp is a two-piece structure connected by a hinge. Its inner wall has a raised internal tooth structure that meshes with the annular positioning groove. The height of the internal tooth is 0.8mm to 2.5mm. The inner wall of the clamp is attached with a flexible high-friction pad with a friction coefficient of not less than 0.6. The outer side of the connecting clamp is provided with an eccentric cam-type quick locking mechanism, which includes a cam handle with an eccentricity of 2mm to 6mm.

[0011] The scaffolding board is made of flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced plastic, and its two sides are integrally formed with L-shaped or hook-shaped claws. The opening size of the claws matches the outward convex contour of the annular reinforcing rib.

[0012] The enclosure layer is a flame-retardant polyethylene or polypropylene film or mesh of B1 grade or higher flame retardant grade, which is fixed to the annular positioning groove of the upright by C-shaped or clip-on hangers. The hangers are provided with elastic tongues and buckle protrusions that cooperate with the positioning groove.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer diameter of the upright is 30mm to 60mm, the wall thickness is 3mm to 5mm, the interior is a hollow cavity, and the end of the upright is provided with an embedded plug sleeve with a length of 50mm to 100mm. The inner diameter of the plug sleeve forms an interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameter of the adjacent upright, and an annular limiting step is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the annular reinforcing rib is provided with a local reinforcing layer made of continuous fibers inside, the reinforcing layer is wound around the annular reinforcing rib for no less than 3 turns, and the fiber volume content is not less than 50%; the annular reinforcing rib is connected to the pole body through a gentle slope transition section, the slope of the transition section being 1:5 to 1:15.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the main material of the connecting clamp is chopped glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene, or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin injection molded part, and its tensile strength is not less than 80MPa; the cam handle of the eccentric cam type quick locking mechanism is provided with a self-locking angle between the cam handle and the clamp ear plate, and the self-locking angle ranges from 75° to 85°.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the surface of the scaffold board is provided with a two-way anti-slip structure, including a transverse anti-slip protrusion array arranged along the walking direction and a longitudinal drainage groove perpendicular to the walking direction, wherein the anti-slip protrusions are 1mm to 3mm high and spaced 10mm to 30mm apart, the drainage grooves are 1mm to 3mm deep and 5mm to 15mm wide; and reinforcing ribs are provided below the bearing surface of the scaffold board, with rib heights of 8mm to 20mm and spacings of 100mm to 200mm.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, a multi-directional node component is further included. The node component is a block structure integrally injection molded or molded, and has three or more cylindrical insertion holes in three directions. The inner diameter of each insertion hole is tolerant to the outer diameter of the upright, and the included angle between the center lines of the insertion holes is 90°, 120° or 180°. The multi-directional node component is fixed to the same annular reinforcing rib position by two symmetrically arranged connecting clamps, and the inner teeth of the clamps are respectively embedded in two annular positioning grooves on the annular reinforcing rib.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the intumescent flame-retardant coating expands when heated to above 200°C, with an expansion ratio of not less than 3 times, and the thickness of the carbonized layer formed after expansion is not less than 1.5 mm. The coating contains a halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system composed of melamine polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and ammonium polyphosphate, and the total amount of the added system accounts for 15% to 35% of the mass of the coating.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, the enclosure layer hanger is a U-shaped clamp made of metal or composite material, one end of which is provided with a hook that cooperates with the annular positioning groove of the upright, and the other end is provided with an elastic clamp for clamping the edge of the enclosure film, and the inner side of the clamp is provided with anti-slip teeth; the root of the hook of the hanger is provided with a limiting boss to prevent axial dislodgement, and the height of the boss is 0.5mm to 1.5mm.

[0020] In one embodiment of the invention, the crossbar and diagonal brace are also made of the same flame-retardant composite material as the upright, and their cross-section is circular, square or polygonal, and their ends are provided with flat sections or grooves that match the inner wall of the connecting clamp, so as to provide anti-torsional restraint when the clamp is locked.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of this invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention uses a flame-retardant resin matrix and continuous fiber reinforcement materials (such as E-glass fiber or basalt fiber) to integrally form hollow uprights, crossbars, and diagonal braces through a pultrusion process. The density is only 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of that of steel, reducing the burden of transportation and high-altitude handling. The outer diameter of the upright is controlled within a reasonable range of 30-60mm and the wall thickness is 3-5mm, achieving weight reduction while ensuring compressive and bending stiffness. Its internal hollow cavity not only saves materials but also provides a structural basis for end plug-in. The embedded plug-in sleeve (50-100mm long) integrated at the end of the upright, together with the annular limiting step, ensures axial alignment and no eccentric pressure when splicing multiple uprights, effectively maintaining overall vertical stability.

[0023] This invention employs a mechanical self-locking mechanism based on a "ring-shaped positioning groove." The connecting clamp uses its internal teeth to embed into the positioning groove, achieving axial limitation and circumferential self-centering. Combined with a high-friction pad on the inner wall (friction coefficient ≥0.6), it forms a dual anti-slip constraint of "mechanical engagement and high friction." The integrated eccentric cam-type quick-locking mechanism on its outer side, with a 2-6mm eccentricity and a 75°-85° self-locking angle, ensures it will not loosen even under high-frequency vibration. The flat sections or grooves at the ends of the crossbars and diagonal braces further form an anti-torsional fit with the inner wall of the clamp, upgrading the connection from a "hinged" to a "semi-rigid" connection, thus improving the spatial stability of the scaffold. The scaffold boards are directly hooked onto the upper edge of the ring-shaped reinforcing rib via L-shaped or hook-shaped claws on the edges, requiring no fasteners and providing immediate stability upon installation. The surface's two-way anti-slip structure (lateral protrusions + longitudinal drainage grooves) and the bottom reinforcing ribs (8-20mm high, 100-200mm spacing) work together to ensure walking safety and load-bearing rigidity.

[0024] All exposed surfaces of this invention are covered with an intumescent flame-retardant coating layer of 0.3-2.0 mm thickness. The layer provides an anti-slip texture at room temperature and expands rapidly by ≥3 times in a fire (≥200℃) to form a dense carbonized heat insulation layer with a thickness of ≥1.5 mm. It adopts a halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system composed of melamine polyphosphate / pentaerythritol / ammonium polyphosphate (addition amount 15%-35%), which does not release toxic halogen gases when burning, and has both high flame retardant and environmentally friendly safety characteristics.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view of the flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a front view of the flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a section at point I;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of a section at point II;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a system framework diagram of the flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system proposed in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0034] A flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system according to an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a flame-retardant lightweight bamboo-like composite scaffolding system, including hollow composite uprights, horizontal bars, connecting clamps, scaffold boards, and enclosure layers formed by pultrusion of a flame-retardant resin matrix and continuous fiber reinforcement.

[0036] The upright is provided with a ring of reinforcing ribs every 250mm to 450mm along the axial direction. The outer diameter of the ring of reinforcing ribs is 3mm to 10mm larger than the outer diameter of the upright body. Each ring of reinforcing ribs has at least one ring positioning groove with a depth of 1mm to 3mm and a width of 2mm to 5mm on its outer surface. The entire outer surface of the upright is covered with an intumescent flame-retardant coating layer with a thickness of 0.3mm to 2.0mm. The coating layer is made of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin containing halogen-free flame retardant and has dotted, toothed or corrugated anti-slip texture pressed on its surface.

[0037] The connecting clamp is a two-piece structure connected by a hinge. Its inner wall has a raised internal tooth structure that meshes with the annular positioning groove. The height of the internal teeth is 0.8mm to 2.5mm, and the inner wall of the clamp is attached with a flexible high-friction pad with a friction coefficient of not less than 0.6. The outer side of the connecting clamp is equipped with an eccentric cam-type quick-locking mechanism, which includes a cam handle with an eccentricity of 2mm to 6mm. The scaffold board is made of flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced plastic, and its two sides are integrally formed with L-shaped or hook-shaped claws. The opening size of the claws matches the outward protrusion of the annular reinforcing rib. The enclosure layer is a flame-retardant polyethylene or polypropylene film or mesh of B1 grade or higher flame retardant grade. It is fixed to the annular positioning groove of the upright by C-shaped or clip-on hangers. The hangers are equipped with elastic tongues and buckle protrusions that cooperate with the positioning groove.

[0038] In practical applications, the system uses hollow composite material poles as load-bearing components. Periodically arranged annular reinforcing ribs along the axial direction enhance local stiffness. The outer diameter of the annular reinforcing ribs is slightly larger than the pole body, forming a stepped protrusion structure. Annular positioning grooves on their surfaces provide axial positioning references for all transverse components (including crossbars, diagonal braces, scaffold boards, and enclosure layer hangers). When the connecting clamps are wrapped around and locked onto the pole, the protruding teeth on their inner walls automatically engage with the positioning grooves, achieving both circumferential self-centering and axial anti-dislodgement dual constraints, preventing component slippage due to construction vibrations or wind loads. Simultaneously, the positioning grooves also serve as snap-fit ​​interfaces for enclosure layer hangers, allowing safety nets or films to be quickly installed at designated heights without additional drilling or welding, maintaining the integrity of the main structure.

[0039] The connecting clamp adopts a two-piece hinged structure, which is convenient for on-site manual opening and closing installation. The high-friction flexible pad (such as rubber-modified polyurethane or silicone-based composite material) attached to its inner wall is compressed during the clamp locking process, generating a uniformly distributed contact pressure and improving the static friction of the interface. Combined with the mechanical engagement of the internal teeth and the positioning groove, a dual shear resistance mechanism of "mechanical engagement and high friction" is formed, which effectively resists the horizontal thrust and torque transmitted from the end of the crossbar. The eccentric cam-type quick locking mechanism integrated on the outside of the clamp can efficiently convert the operating force into clamping force by a small rotation of the cam handle. Its eccentricity is set in the range of 2mm to 6mm, which ensures sufficient clamping stroke to adapt to manufacturing tolerances and avoids over-locking that could cause local crushing of the composite material. The scaffold planks are directly attached to the upper edge of the ring-shaped reinforcing rib via L-shaped or hook-shaped claws integrally formed on their edges. The opening size of the claws matches the outer contour of the reinforcing rib, ensuring no wobbling or gaps after attachment. Meanwhile, the scaffold planks themselves are integrally molded from flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced plastic, with internal reinforcing ribs and an array of anti-slip protrusions on the surface, which not only meets the requirements for load-bearing rigidity but also provides reliable walking safety.

[0040] Simultaneously, the system's outer surface is coated with an intumescent flame-retardant coating layer with a thickness of 0.3mm to 2.0mm. This layer is formed by co-extrusion or spraying curing of thermoplastic or thermosetting resins containing halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant systems (such as melamine polyphosphate / pentaerythritol / ammonium polyphosphate composite systems). At room temperature, this coating layer provides a basic anti-slip texture (dotted, serrated, or corrugated), enhancing worker grip safety. In the event of an ignition source, the coating layer rapidly expands and foams at temperatures above 200°C, forming a dense, porous carbonized layer that isolates oxygen and heat from penetrating inward, effectively delaying the pyrolysis of the internal composite materials and achieving a "passive fire protection" function.

[0041] The enclosure layer is made of polyethylene or polypropylene film / net with a flame retardant rating of B1 or higher. It is fixed to the annular positioning groove of the pole by special C-shaped or clip-on hangers. One end of the hanger is equipped with an elastic tongue and a buckle protrusion, which can be quickly inserted into the positioning groove and achieve self-locking by elastic deformation. The other end is clamped to the edge of the enclosure film by an elastic clamp with anti-slip teeth to prevent the film from slipping off.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, the outer diameter of the upright is 30mm to 60mm, the wall thickness is 3mm to 5mm, the interior is a hollow cavity, and the end of the upright is provided with an embedded plug-in sleeve with a length of 50mm to 100mm. The inner diameter of the plug-in sleeve forms an interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameter of the adjacent upright. An annular limiting step is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve. The annular reinforcing rib is provided with a local reinforcing layer made of continuous fiber. The reinforcing layer is wound around the annular reinforcing rib at least 3 times, and the fiber volume content is not less than 50%. The annular reinforcing rib is connected to the upright body through a gentle slope transition section with a slope of 1:5 to 1:15.

[0043] In specific applications, the embodiments of this invention employ a hollow cross-section with an outer diameter of 30mm to 60mm and a wall thickness of 3mm to 5mm. This ensures sufficient bending and compressive stiffness while minimizing weight, resulting in a density far lower than traditional steel pipes. This facilitates manual handling and high-altitude operations. The internal hollow cavity not only reduces material usage but also provides a structural basis for end-plug connections. Both ends of the upright are integrated with embedded plug sleeves, with sleeve lengths controlled between 50mm and 100mm. This ensures sufficient plug-in contact area to transmit axial loads while avoiding unnecessary weight or manufacturing difficulties due to excessive length. The inner diameter of the sleeve is matched according to the outer diameter tolerance of the adjacent uprights. It can be a slight interference fit to achieve a tight self-locking, or a small clearance fit to accommodate temperature deformation and on-site installation errors. Regardless of the fit method, the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with an annular limiting step. The step acts as an axial stop when the upper and lower uprights are joined, preventing the insertion from being too deep and causing structural misalignment or stress concentration. At the same time, it ensures the overall verticality and coaxiality of the multi-segment uprights after splicing, laying the foundation for the geometric stability of the entire scaffolding system.

[0044] At the same time, the annular reinforcing ribs distributed periodically along the axial direction of the upright are systematically strengthened as the core stress nodes. Each annular reinforcing rib is embedded with a local reinforcement layer formed by continuous fibers (such as E-glass fiber or basalt fiber) wrapped circumferentially for no less than 3 turns. The fiber volume content is no less than 50%, thereby forming a high-strength, high-modulus "fiber hoop" in the local area, which improves the ability of the annular reinforcing rib to resist transverse shear, local crushing and clamping reaction force of the connecting clamp.

[0045] Furthermore, the annular reinforcing ribs are smoothly connected to the upright body via a gentle slope transition section. The slope of this transition section is strictly controlled within the range of 1:5 to 1:15, effectively mitigating stress concentration caused by abrupt changes in cross-section. This allows axial pressure, bending moment, and local loads applied by the connectors to be evenly distributed along the slope to the upright body, preventing crack initiation points at the root of the reinforcing ribs. Under long-term alternating loads (such as wind vibration and personnel movement), the gentle slope structure enhances fatigue life, ensuring the structural durability of the scaffolding under complex working conditions.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the main material of the connecting clamp is chopped glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene, or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin injection molded part, with a tensile strength of not less than 80MPa; the cam handle of the eccentric cam-type quick locking mechanism is provided with a self-locking angle between the cam handle and the clamp ear plate, the self-locking angle range being 75° to 85°; the surface of the scaffold board is provided with a two-way anti-slip structure, including a transverse anti-slip protrusion array arranged along the walking direction and a longitudinal drainage groove perpendicular to the walking direction, wherein the height of the anti-slip protrusion is 1mm to 3mm, the spacing is 10mm to 30mm, the depth of the drainage groove is 1mm to 3mm, and the width is 5mm to 15mm; a reinforcing rib is provided below the bearing surface of the scaffold board, the rib height is 8mm to 20mm, and the spacing is 100mm to 200mm.

[0047] In specific applications, the connecting clamps of this invention are injection molded from high-performance thermoplastic or thermosetting composite materials such as chopped glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene, or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin. The main structure has a tensile strength of not less than 80 MPa, which is sufficient to withstand the impact loads, wind vibration, and dynamic reaction forces caused by people stepping on it, which are common on construction sites. The material selection not only gives the clamps sufficient rigidity and toughness to avoid brittle fracture or permanent deformation under repeated opening and closing or high clamping force, but also gives them excellent weather resistance and chemical corrosion resistance, making them suitable for harsh environments such as humid, salt spray, or industrial pollution.

[0048] The eccentric cam-type quick-locking mechanism integrated on the outside of the clamp enables its "hand-operated, one-press lock" function. After the construction worker wraps the clamp around the pole and initially closes it, they only need to turn the cam handle to the predetermined position. The manual torque is then efficiently converted into radial clamping force through the cam profile. The relative angle between the cam handle and the clamp ear plate is controlled within the range of 75° to 85°. Within this angle range, the contact normal direction of the cam forms a negative feedback relationship with the direction of the force, so that any external force attempting to loosen it (such as vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, or lateral shear) will instead cause the cam to further tighten, thus achieving mechanical self-locking.

[0049] Meanwhile, the scaffolding boards, as platforms directly supporting workers and materials, feature a two-way anti-slip structure on their upper surface: a transverse array of anti-slip bumps (1-3mm high, 10-30mm spacing) arranged along the walking direction effectively engages with the shoe sole pattern, preventing forward and backward slippage; while longitudinal drainage grooves (1-3mm deep, 5-15mm wide) perpendicular to the walking direction quickly drain accumulated water during rain or washing operations, preventing the formation of a water film that causes slippage. The two textures are arranged orthogonally, forming a grid-like anti-slip and drainage composite surface, ensuring reliable frictional resistance regardless of the direction of movement.

[0050] In terms of structural load-bearing capacity, the bottom of the scaffold plank is equipped with regularly distributed reinforcing ribs, with a rib height of 8-20mm and a spacing of 100-200mm, forming a typical I-beam or T-beam section effect. The reinforcing ribs not only significantly improve the bending stiffness of the plank and suppress the deflection deformation in the middle, but also effectively distribute local concentrated loads (such as toolboxes and small equipment) to the entire plank surface, avoiding cracking caused by stress concentration. Since the entire scaffold plank is molded from flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced plastic, it is consistent with the connecting clamps and uprights in terms of material system and has a matching coefficient of thermal expansion, avoiding loosening of connections or interface peeling caused by temperature differences.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, it also includes a multi-directional node component, which is a block structure integrally injection molded or molded, and has three or more cylindrical insertion holes in three directions. The inner diameter of each insertion hole is tolerant to the outer diameter of the upright, and the included angle between the center lines of the insertion holes is 90°, 120° or 180°. The multi-directional node component is fixed to the same annular reinforcing rib position by two symmetrically arranged connecting clamps. The inner teeth of the clamps are respectively embedded in two annular positioning grooves on the annular reinforcing rib. The intumescent flame-retardant coating layer expands when heated to above 200°C, with an expansion ratio of not less than 3 times. The thickness of the carbonized layer formed after expansion is not less than 1.5 mm. The coating layer contains a halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system composed of melamine polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and ammonium polyphosphate, and the total amount of the added system accounts for 15% to 35% of the mass of the coating layer.

[0052] In specific applications, the multi-directional node component of this invention is manufactured into a block-shaped solid structure using integral injection molding or compression molding. It has three or more pre-set cylindrical insertion holes in four or more directions. The centerlines of each insertion hole are arranged at commonly used engineering angles of 90°, 120°, or 180°, thus enabling simultaneous insertion of uprights or crossbars from horizontal, oblique, or even vertical directions. The inner diameter of each insertion hole maintains a tolerance fit with the outer diameter of the upright, ensuring no significant shaking after insertion and achieving direct force transmission. The system can flexibly construct complex geometric configurations such as triangular trusses, space frames, and cantilever platforms to meet the needs of irregular building facades or special construction conditions.

[0053] To securely anchor the multi-directional node components to the uprights, the system employs two symmetrically arranged connecting clamps that hold them at the same annular reinforcing rib. Each clamp is embedded in a pre-set annular positioning groove on the reinforcing rib. Mechanical engagement between the internal teeth and the groove walls creates circumferential self-centering and axial positioning. A uniform clamping force is then applied via an eccentric cam mechanism, preventing the node components from rotating or slipping under multi-directional loads. Since the position and spacing of the positioning grooves are controlled during the upright manufacturing stage, the installation height and angle of the node components can be reproduced regardless of the on-site assembly, ensuring the geometric consistency and structural reliability of the overall structure.

[0054] Meanwhile, the intumescent flame-retardant coating covering the pole and the entire system acts as a basic protective layer at room temperature, providing anti-slip texture and environmental weather resistance. Once exposed to a fire source, when the local temperature rises above 200°C, the halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system within the coating is activated. Using melamine polyphosphate as an acid source, pentaerythritol as a carbon source, and ammonium polyphosphate as a gas source, it undergoes a series of synergistic reactions of dehydration, esterification, and foaming, rapidly expanding in volume by at least three times to form a dense, porous, low-thermal-conductivity carbonized foam layer with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm. This carbonized layer acts like a "heat shield," effectively isolating the flame's heat from penetrating inward and slowing the thermal decomposition of the internal resin matrix. This maintains the critical load-bearing capacity of the pole, joints, and connecting structures in the early stages of a fire, buying valuable time for personnel evacuation and fire intervention.

[0055] During system operation, the mechanical function of the multi-directional node components and the fireproof function of the expansion coating are seamlessly integrated through the same physical carrier, namely the composite material pole with ring-shaped reinforcing ribs. The installation of the node components depends on the interface provided by the positioning groove, and the interface is located in the area continuously covered by the coating. When the coating expands at high temperature, its deformation is constrained by the geometric contour of the ring-shaped reinforcing ribs, which helps to form a more uniform and stronger carbonized layer. Since the node components, clamps, and poles are all made of inherently flame-retardant composite material systems, there are no weak points such as flammable metal grease, rubber gaskets, or plastic sleeves in the entire connection area, and the fireproof performance has system-level consistency.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, the enclosure layer hanger is a U-shaped clamp made of metal or composite material. One end of the hanger has a hook that mates with the annular positioning groove of the upright, and the other end has an elastic clamp for holding the edge of the enclosure membrane. The inner side of the clamp has anti-slip teeth. The root of the hook of the hanger has a limiting boss to prevent axial disengagement. The boss has a height of 0.5mm to 1.5mm. The crossbar and diagonal brace are also made of the same flame-retardant composite material as the upright. Their cross-section is circular, square or polygonal, and their ends have flat sections or grooves that match the inner wall of the connecting clamp to provide anti-torsional restraint when the clamp is locked.

[0057] In specific applications, the crossbars and diagonal braces of this invention are integrally formed using the same flame-retardant resin-based continuous fiber composite material as the uprights through a pultrusion process, ensuring high consistency in material properties, coefficient of thermal expansion, corrosion resistance, and flame retardancy rating throughout the system. Their cross-sections can be circular, square, or polygonal to accommodate different stiffness and connection requirements. The ends of the components are machined with specific geometric features such as flat sections or circumferential grooves. When the crossbar or diagonal brace is inserted into the connecting clamp and locked, the high-friction pads and protruding internal teeth on the inner wall of the clamp not only provide axial limiting and radial clamping force but also form a fitting constraint with the flat sections or grooves at the ends. This fitting structure effectively prevents the crossbar from rotating around its axis under wind loads, personnel leaning against it, or equipment vibration, transforming the original "hinged" state into a "semi-rigid" connection with a certain torsional stiffness, thus improving the overall spatial stability and lateral displacement resistance of the frame. Since the torsional constraint relies entirely on geometric matching rather than bolt drilling or welding, it avoids stress concentration damage to the composite material and simplifies the on-site assembly process.

[0058] Meanwhile, the enclosure layer hanger exists in the form of a U-shaped clamp. One end of the hook embeds into the annular positioning groove on the reinforcing rib of the upright, while the other end firmly clamps the edge of the enclosure membrane (such as B1-grade flame-retardant polyethylene mesh or film) through an elastic clamp. Anti-slip teeth on the inner side of the clamp bite into the membrane surface during clamping, preventing it from slipping off under wind pressure or its own weight. Furthermore, a limiting boss with a height of 0.5mm to 1.5mm is provided at the base of the hook. After the hanger is inserted into the positioning groove, the boss abuts against the side wall of the reinforcing rib, forming a mechanical stop to prevent the hanger from accidentally slipping off along the upright's axial direction. This allows the enclosure system to be quickly installed or removed at any height with a positioning groove, without the need for drilling, tying wires, or using special tools, improving construction efficiency and ensuring the enclosure layer remains taut at all times, effectively preventing falling objects and people from heights.

[0059] During system operation, the connection of crossbars / diagonal braces and the installation of the enclosure layer share the same annular reinforcing rib area, but they do not interfere with each other through spatial misalignment and functional zoning: the connecting clamps usually apply clamping force around the central area of ​​the reinforcing rib, while the enclosure hangers are snapped onto the sidewall of the positioning groove on the outer edge of the reinforcing rib. Both have clear installation boundaries in the radial and axial directions. Utilizing the potential of the annular reinforcing rib as a multi-functional integrated platform, it simultaneously undertakes three major functions: structural force transmission, connection positioning, and safety protection. In addition, since the crossbars, diagonal braces, and uprights use the same material system, their flat end sections or grooves can be directly integrally formed during pultrusion molding without secondary machining, ensuring production efficiency and dimensional consistency. And whether the hangers are made of metal or composite materials, the dimensions of their hooks and limiting bosses match the depth and width tolerances of the positioning groove, ensuring reliable engagement under various temperature and humidity environments.

[0060] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0061] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint-like composite material scaffolding system, characterized in that, Including hollow composite material uprights, crossbars, connecting clamps, scaffold boards and enclosure layers formed by pultrusion of flame-retardant resin matrix and continuous fiber reinforced material; The upright is provided with a ring of reinforcing ribs every 250mm to 450mm along the axial direction. The outer diameter of the ring of reinforcing ribs is 3mm to 10mm larger than the outer diameter of the upright body. Each ring of reinforcing ribs has at least one ring positioning groove with a depth of 1mm to 3mm and a width of 2mm to 5mm on its outer surface. The outer surface of the pole is entirely covered with an intumescent flame-retardant coating layer with a thickness of 0.3mm to 2.0mm. The coating layer is composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting resin containing halogen-free flame retardant, and has dotted, toothed or corrugated anti-slip textures pressed on its surface. The connecting clamp is a two-piece structure connected by a hinge. Its inner wall has a raised internal tooth structure that meshes with the annular positioning groove. The height of the internal tooth is 0.8mm to 2.5mm. The inner wall of the clamp is attached with a flexible high-friction pad with a friction coefficient of not less than 0.

6. The outer side of the connecting clamp is provided with an eccentric cam-type quick locking mechanism, which includes a cam handle with an eccentricity of 2mm to 6mm. The scaffolding board is made of flame-retardant glass fiber reinforced plastic, and its two sides are integrally formed with L-shaped or hook-shaped claws. The opening size of the claws matches the outward convex contour of the annular reinforcing rib. The enclosure layer is a flame-retardant polyethylene or polypropylene film or mesh of B1 grade or higher flame retardant grade, which is fixed to the annular positioning groove of the upright by C-shaped or clip-on hangers. The hangers are provided with elastic tongues and buckle protrusions that cooperate with the positioning groove.

2. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the upright is 30mm to 60mm, the wall thickness is 3mm to 5mm, the interior is a hollow cavity, and the end of the upright is provided with an embedded plug-in sleeve with a length of 50mm to 100mm. The inner diameter of the plug-in sleeve forms an interference fit or clearance fit with the outer diameter of the adjacent upright, and an annular limiting step is provided on the inner wall of the sleeve.

3. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular reinforcing rib has a local reinforcing layer made of continuous fibers inside. The reinforcing layer is wound around the annular reinforcing rib at least 3 times, and the fiber volume content is not less than 50%. The annular reinforcing rib is connected to the pole body through a gentle slope transition section with a slope of 1:5 to 1:

15.

4. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main material of the connecting clamp is chopped glass fiber reinforced nylon 66, basalt fiber reinforced polypropylene, or carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin injection molded parts, with a tensile strength of not less than 80MPa; the eccentric cam type quick locking mechanism has a self-locking angle between the cam handle and the clamp ear plate, with a self-locking angle range of 75° to 85°.

5. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the scaffold board is provided with a two-way anti-slip structure, including an array of transverse anti-slip protrusions arranged along the walking direction and a longitudinal drainage groove perpendicular to the walking direction. The anti-slip protrusions are 1mm to 3mm high and spaced 10mm to 30mm apart, and the drainage grooves are 1mm to 3mm deep and 5mm to 15mm wide. The bearing surface of the scaffold board is provided with reinforcing ribs, which are 8mm to 20mm high and spaced 100mm to 200mm apart.

6. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-directional node component, which is a block structure integrally injection molded or molded, with three or more cylindrical insertion holes in three directions. The inner diameter of each insertion hole is tolerant to the outer diameter of the upright, and the included angle between the center lines of the insertion holes is 90°, 120° or 180°. The multi-directional node component is fixed to the same annular reinforcing rib position by two symmetrically arranged connecting clamps, and the inner teeth of the clamps are respectively embedded in two annular positioning grooves on the annular reinforcing rib.

7. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intumescent flame-retardant coating expands when heated to above 200°C, with an expansion ratio of not less than 3 times. The thickness of the carbonized layer formed after expansion is not less than 1.5 mm. The coating contains a halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system composed of melamine polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and ammonium polyphosphate, with the total amount added accounting for 15% to 35% of the coating mass.

8. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-like composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The enclosure layer hanger is a U-shaped clamp made of metal or composite material. One end of the hanger is provided with a hook that cooperates with the annular positioning groove of the upright, and the other end is provided with an elastic clamp for clamping the edge of the enclosure membrane. The inner side of the clamp is provided with anti-slip teeth. The root of the hook of the hanger is provided with a limiting boss to prevent axial dislodgement. The height of the boss is 0.5mm to 1.5mm.

9. The flame-retardant, lightweight, bamboo-joint composite material scaffolding system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crossbars and diagonal braces are also made of the same flame-retardant composite material as the uprights through pultrusion molding. Their cross-sections are circular, square, or polygonal, and their ends are provided with flat sections or grooves that match the inner wall of the connecting clamps, which are used to provide anti-torsional constraints when the clamps are locked.

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