Modular perforating gun system for oil and gas well, perforating gun and perforating tool string

Abstract

The invention discloses a modularized perforating gun system for an oil and gas well, a perforating gun and a perforating tool string, and relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development. The modularized perforating gun system for the oil and gas well comprises a shell, an electrical assembly, a plug-in detonator and a detonating assembly, the electrical assembly comprises a circuit mother board, a detonating switch, a detonator socket and a detonating control box contact elastic piece, the circuit mother board, the detonating switch and the detonator socket are all arranged in the shell, the detonating switch is electrically connected with the circuit mother board, and the detonating switch is electrically connected with the detonating control box contact elastic piece. The detonator socket is arranged on the circuit mother board and electrically connected with the circuit mother board, and the detonating control box contact elastic pieces are arranged at the two ends of the shell and electrically connected with the detonating switch; the pluggable detonator is matched with the detonator socket, and the pluggable detonator is used for penetrating through the side wall of the shell and is in pluggable connection with the detonator socket; the detonating assembly is arranged on the shell and can excite the plug-in detonator. The perforating gun comprises the modularized perforating gun system for the oil and gas well. The perforating tool string comprises a plurality of groups of perforating guns.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas field development technology, and in particular to a modular perforation gun system for oil and gas wells, a perforation gun, and a perforation tool string. Background Technology

[0002] Perforation completion is a common casing completion method, now widely used in oil and gas wells. According to reports, perforation completion uses an electronic fire switch to control an electronic detonator. The detonator cord ignites, detonating a shaped charge perforating projectile. Upon detonation, the shockwave from the high explosive compresses the metal lining covering the projectile into a high-temperature, high-pressure jet. This jet can penetrate the perforating gun, casing, cement annulus, and part of the reservoir, opening a passage to the reservoir and wellbore, thus enabling further oil and gas extraction.

[0003] Shaped explosive perforating charges (ROCs) are high explosives (RDX or HMX) and require a specialized detonation device. This device includes a detonator, a detonator cord, and a detonation control module. Currently, horizontal well development primarily utilizes layered fracturing-bridge perforation (PNP) cluster perforation. Before perforation operations, the perforation tool string needs to be assembled on-site. Taking cable perforation as an example, the overall perforation tool string consists of (from top to bottom): wireline, cable head assembly, magnetic positioning chain (CCL), perforation gamma ray, weight bar, adapter, perforation gun, tandem sub, perforation gun, setting tool, and bridge plug. The number of perforation guns will vary depending on the perforation operation design.

[0004] However, current perforation tool strings mainly have the following technical problems during field assembly: (a) Detonators and initiation devices, as well as perforation guns, are all connected by wiring, which makes the disassembly and assembly process cumbersome and reduces the efficiency of tool string assembly. (ii) During on-site construction, faults such as incorrect connection and loose connection are caused by wiring. The high rate of human error prolongs the operation time and increases the construction cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a modular perforating gun system, a perforating gun, and a perforating tool string for oil and gas wells. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells adopts a modular, wiring-free design, which facilitates on-site installation, speeds up the assembly efficiency of the perforating gun and perforating tool string, reduces the probability of human error in wiring operations, shortens construction time, and reduces construction costs, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: On one hand, the present invention provides a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells, including a housing, electrical components, a pluggable detonator, and a detonation assembly. The electrical components include a circuit board, a detonation switch, a detonator socket, and a detonation control box contact spring. The circuit board, the detonation switch, and the detonator socket are all disposed within the housing. The detonation switch is electrically connected to the circuit board. The detonator socket is disposed on the circuit board and electrically connected to it. The detonation control box contact spring is disposed at both ends of the housing and electrically connected to the detonation switch. The pluggable detonator is matched with the detonator socket and is used to penetrate the side wall of the housing and is pluggably connected to the detonator socket. The detonation assembly is disposed on the housing and is capable of activating the pluggable detonator.

[0007] In some embodiments, the pluggable detonator includes at least one of a wire contact detonator, an electrode-type detonator (Type 1), and an electrode-type detonator (Type 2), wherein: The detonator with wire contact is provided with a pair of wire contacts at its power receiving end; the matching detonator socket is provided with a socket adapted to the wire contacts. The electrode-type detonator has a double-sided electrode at its power receiving end, and each side of the electrode includes two electrode units arranged separately; the matching detonator socket is provided with a slot that is compatible with the electrode insertion of the electrode-type detonator. The electrode-type detonator II has a double-sided electrode at its power receiving end, and each side of the electrode is an integral electrode unit; the matching detonator socket is provided with a slot that is compatible with the electrode insertion of the electrode-type detonator II. In use, one of the line contact detonator, the first electrode detonator, and the second electrode detonator is mounted on the housing, and the electrical components are equipped with a matching detonator socket.

[0008] In some embodiments, the detonator socket is soldered to the circuit motherboard, and the circuit motherboard is electrically connected to the detonation switch via a set of flexible terminals.

[0009] In some embodiments, the detonation assembly includes a safety bump and a safety plate connected to the safety bump, and the circuit board has a conductive area for electrical contact with the safety plate; wherein: The safety bump extends through the side wall of the housing, with one end located inside the housing and abutting against it via an elastic element, and the other end located outside the housing. The safety plate is located inside the housing and slides against the conductive area. The safety bump, supported by the elastic element, is held at the farthest end of the housing, allowing the safety plate to contact the conductive area, thus short-circuiting the activation circuit of the pluggable detonator and placing it in an explosion-proof state. Under external force, the safety bump can compress the elastic element, causing the safety plate to slide away from the conductive area, switching the pluggable detonator to the activation state.

[0010] In some embodiments, the outer casing is a cylindrical casing, comprising a cylindrical shell body, a first cover plate, and a second cover plate. The electrical components are disposed within the cylindrical shell body. A supporting partition is disposed at the top of the cylindrical shell body to divide the top space within the cylindrical shell body along the length of the cylindrical shell body into a detonator compartment and a safety compartment. The detonator socket and the pluggable detonator are located in the detonator compartment, while the safety bump, the conductive area, and the safety plate are located in the safety compartment. The safety bump abuts against the supporting partition plate via the elastic element. The detonation control box contact springs are exposed at the front and rear ends of the cylindrical shell body. The first cover plate is detachably installed at the top opening of the detonator compartment to position and clamp the pluggable detonator. The second cover plate is detachably installed at the top opening of the safety compartment to position the safety bump.

[0011] In some embodiments, symmetrical protruding mounting blocks are provided on both sides of the cylindrical shell, which can position and mount the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells inside the perforating gun.

[0012] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells in oil and gas extraction engineering.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides a perforating gun, including a gun housing, a cartridge assembly disposed within the gun housing, and the aforementioned modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells. Both ends of the gun housing are provided with internal threads for threaded connections. The cartridge assembly includes a cartridge holder, a lower cartridge holder connector, an upper cartridge holder connector, and a detonating cord. The cartridge holder is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the gun housing. The cartridge holder is used to assemble perforating projectiles. Both ends of the cartridge holder are respectively provided with an upper hollow hole and a lower hollow hole. The lower cartridge holder connector is located within the gun housing. At the first end of the shell, the lower connector of the cartridge case includes a lower connector body and a spring. A bearing ring or a retaining ring is externally fitted onto the lower connector body. The spring is inserted into the end of the lower connector body facing the cartridge case. A detonation module mounting cavity is provided at the end of the lower connector body away from the cartridge case. The two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity have locking holes adapted to the mounting block. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells is inserted into the detonation module mounting cavity and connected to the cartridge case via the mounting block. The lower connector body of the magazine is positioned by a locking mechanism; an upper latch adapted to the upper hollow hole is provided at one end of the lower connector body facing the magazine, and the lower connector body is locked and positioned with one end of the magazine via the upper latch; the upper connector of the magazine is located at the second end of the gun case, and the upper connector of the magazine includes an upper connector body and a spring, the spring being inserted into one end of the upper connector body facing the magazine, and the lower connector body having a locking mechanism adapted to the upper hollow hole. The lower clip of the socket is adapted to the hole, and the upper connector body of the socket is locked and positioned to the other end of the socket via the lower clip; the detonating cord is disposed at the end of the lower connector body of the socket facing the socket and extends toward the upper connector of the socket; in the activation state, the plug-in detonator in the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells is located on one side of the detonating cord to side detonate the detonating cord; the upper connector of the socket, the lower connector of the socket, and the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells are electrically connected in sequence.

[0014] In some embodiments, two sets of locking holes are sequentially provided on both sides of the detonation module mounting cavity along the insertion direction of the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells. The outer surface of the mounting block is a conical surface with its tip facing the insertion direction, and the mounting block is positioned by engaging with the card hole through its large end.

[0015] In some embodiments, the sidewall of the detonation module mounting cavity is further provided with a long groove extending along the disassembly and assembly direction of the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells, and the end of the long groove away from the lower connector body of the cartridge holder passes through the end of the detonation module mounting cavity.

[0016] In some embodiments, the perforating gun further includes an electrical connector threaded to the internal thread at a first end of the gun housing, the electrical connector being capable of pushing the safety lug to switch the plug-in detonator to the firing state.

[0017] In another aspect, the present invention proposes a perforation tool string, comprising multiple sets of the above-mentioned perforation guns, wherein the multiple sets of perforation guns are connected in series from end to end through the electrical connector.

[0018] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells proposed in this invention adopts a plug-in detonator and socket connection, eliminating the need for on-site wiring and reducing the error rate of manual wiring. On-site installation is simply a matter of inserting the factory-assembled modular perforating gun system into the lower connector of the perforating gun's cartridge holder. It is plug-and-play and convenient for on-site installation.

[0019] In some embodiments, within the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells: a wireless connection is achieved between the circuit board and the detonation switch via flexible terminals; the detonator socket and the circuit board are connected by welding, eliminating the need for wiring; the detonation control box is connected to the detonation switch via contact springs, eliminating the need for soldering and wiring, thus avoiding misconnections and loose connections; the pluggable detonator and detonator socket are pluggable, eliminating the need for traditional wiring connections.

[0020] During on-site construction, 50% of failures are caused by wiring issues. The wiring-free structure within the aforementioned modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells completely avoids these problems. Furthermore, the wiring-free design improves the assembly efficiency and operational efficiency of electrical components.

[0021] In some embodiments, two sets of locking holes are provided in the lower connector of the perforating gun along the insertion direction of the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells. On the one hand, when the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells is locked into the first locking hole of the lower connector of the perforating gun, the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells is fixed on the lower connector of the perforating gun, and there is a sufficient safety distance between the detonator in the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells and the detonating cord inserted into the lower connector of the perforating gun. On the other hand, the positioning function of the first locking hole for the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells can realize the integrated transportation of the detonator and the perforating gun, and at the same time ensure that the detonating cord will not be ignited by the activation of the detonator during transportation, thus meeting the current safety transportation standards for detonators.

[0022] In some embodiments, within the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells: the entire module is encapsulated in a shell with a certain degree of explosion-proof capability; a switchable short-circuit design is formed by a safety plate, safety bump, pluggable detonator, and detonator socket, which realizes the function of preventing premature detonation of the detonator due to static electricity. This explosion-proof design, in conjunction with the aforementioned safe explosion-proof distance based on the first locking hole, achieves the purpose of multi-level physical explosion-proof, ensuring that the control circuit inside the detonator will not be excited by accidentally applied current, thus preventing accidental detonation of the detonator, and enhancing the transportation and use safety of the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells.

[0023] In some embodiments, the circuit board of the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells has blank functional areas, and functions can be added later according to customer requirements.

[0024] In some embodiments, a wiring port for traditional wired detonators is reserved next to the detonator compartment, allowing for selection of detonator type as needed. By simply changing the type of detonator socket on the circuit board, compatibility with various detonator styles can be ensured. It is compatible with a wide range of detonator types on the market, including high-resistance detonators, magnetic detonators, and digital detonators, greatly improving product compatibility.

[0025] In some embodiments, the pluggable detonator and detonating cord are detonated from the side, eliminating the need for a detonation tube. This reduces costs while increasing the contact area between the detonator and detonating cord, thus improving the detonation success rate.

[0026] The perforating gun proposed in this invention includes the aforementioned modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells. No wiring is required between the perforating guns, changing the connection from a wired connection to a point-contact connection. This accelerates tool string assembly efficiency, reduces the probability of human error, increases on-site assembly speed, improves on-site operational efficiency, shortens overall operation time, and ultimately reduces production costs.

[0027] In some embodiments, the perforating gun can be automatically loaded, which is simple to operate and requires no manual intervention. During the automatic tightening of the electrical connector, the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells can be automatically pushed from the first locking hole to the second locking hole, so that the detonator in the detonation module and the detonating cord located in the lower connector of the cartridge can complete lateral contact, thus enabling side detonation. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells based on the detonator side view, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells based on the side view of the safety bump, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The left view.

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The right view.

[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The main view.

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0035] Figure 7 This is an internal top view of the detonator compartment of a detonator with mounting wire contacts disclosed in some embodiments.

[0036] Figure 8 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells with an installation line contact detonator, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a detonator socket adapted to a line-contact detonator, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wire contact detonator disclosed in some embodiments.

[0039] Figure 11 This is an internal top view of a detonator compartment for mounting an electrode-type detonator, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0040] Figure 12 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells with an electrode-type detonator, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a detonator socket adapted to an electrode-type detonator, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0042] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrode-type detonator disclosed in some embodiments.

[0043] Figure 15 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells with an electrode-type detonator II, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0044] Figure 16This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first cover plate disclosed in some embodiments.

[0045] Figure 17 This is an assembly diagram of a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells and a lower connector for a cartridge holder, as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0046] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower connector of the cartridge holder disclosed in some embodiments.

[0047] Figure 19 for Figure 18 Another perspective illustration.

[0048] Figure 20 This is an axial cross-sectional view of the lower connector of the cartridge holder disclosed in some embodiments.

[0049] Figure 21 This is a top view of the lower connector of the cartridge holder as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0050] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connector on the cartridge holder disclosed in some embodiments.

[0051] Figure 23 for Figure 22 The main view.

[0052] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cartridge holder disclosed in some embodiments.

[0053] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a perforating gun disclosed in some embodiments.

[0054] Figure 26 This is an axial cross-sectional view of a perforating gun disclosed in some embodiments.

[0055] Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the assembled structure of the cartridge assembly as disclosed in some embodiments.

[0056] Figure 28 for Figure 27 An explosion diagram.

[0057] In the diagram, the reference numerals are: 100 - Modular perforation gun system for oil and gas wells; 200 - Perforation gun; 300 - Electrical connector; 400 - Cartridge assembly; 500 - Perforation cartridge; 1-Outer shell; 2-Circuit motherboard; 3-Conductive area; 4-Detonation switch; 5-Detonator socket; 6-Socket; 7-Electrode slot; 8-Detonation control box contact spring; 9-Plug-in detonator; 10-Wire contact detonator; 11-Wired contact; 12-Electrode type detonator one; 13-Electrode unit; 14-Flexible terminal block; 15-Safety lug; 16-Safety plate; 17-Flexible element; 18-Columnar shell; 19-Mounting clip; 20-Supporting partition; 21-Detonator compartment; 22-Safety compartment; 23-First cover plate; 231-Hook post; 24-Second cover plate; 25-Internal thread; 26-Detonator holder; 2 7-Upper hollow hole; 28-Lower hollow hole; 29-Lower connector of the ammunition rack; 291-Lower connector body of the ammunition rack; 292-Spring insert; 293-Bearing ring; 294-Detonation module mounting cavity; 295-First locking hole; 296-Second locking hole; 297-Upper buckle; 298-Long slot; 30-Upper connector of the ammunition rack; 301-Upper connector body of the ammunition rack; 302-Lower buckle; 31-Detonating cord; 32-Gun casing; 33-Through wire; 34-Through wire fixing clip; 35-Lower cover plate; 36-Detonator grounding connection post; 37-Detonator support frame; 38-Elastic socket connector; 39-Electrode type detonator II. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] One of the objectives of this invention is to provide a modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells and its application. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells adopts a modular, wiring-free design, which facilitates on-site installation, speeds up the assembly efficiency of the perforating gun and perforating tool string, reduces the probability of human wiring operation errors, shortens construction operation time, and reduces construction costs, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0060] Another object of the present invention is to provide a perforating gun comprising the above-described modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells.

[0061] Another object of the present invention is to provide a perforation tool string comprising the above-described perforation gun.

[0062] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0063] Example 1 like Figures 1-6As shown, this embodiment proposes a modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells that can be assembled into a perforating gun. It includes a housing 1, electrical components, a pluggable detonator 9, and an initiation assembly. The electrical components include a circuit board 2, an initiation switch 4, a detonator socket 5, and a contact spring 8 for an initiation control box. The circuit board 2, initiation switch 4, and detonator socket 5 are all housed within the housing 1. The initiation switch 4 is electrically connected to the circuit board 2. The detonator socket 5 is located on the circuit board 2 and electrically connected to it. The contact spring 8 for the initiation control box is located at both ends of the housing 1 and electrically connected to the initiation switch 4. The contact spring 8 for the initiation control box is exposed at both ends of the housing 1 to allow direct contact with the corresponding electrical components during use. The pluggable detonator 9 is matched with the detonator socket 5 and is used to penetrate the side wall of the housing 1, allowing for pluggable connection to the detonator socket 5. The initiation assembly is located on the housing 1 and can activate the pluggable detonator 9 by connecting to an activation circuit. It should be noted that the pluggable detonator 9 adopts a pluggable installation form to eliminate wiring and facilitate on-site disassembly, replacement and maintenance of the detonator. Therefore, the outer casing 1 is set to be detachable so that the detonator can be disassembled and installed on-site by opening part of the outer casing 1.

[0064] In some feasible implementations, the pluggable detonator 9 includes, but is not limited to, two forms: a wire-contact detonator 10 and an electrode-type detonator. For example... Figures 7-10 As shown, the wire-contact detonator 10 has a pair of wired contacts 11 at its electrical connection end. The matching detonator socket 5 has sockets 6 adapted for insertion of the wired contacts 11. The wired contacts 11 are straight rod type contacts, maintaining a straight rod state in their natural state. Therefore, under appropriate external force, the wired contacts 11 can be inserted into the sockets 6, thus achieving electrical connection between the wire-contact detonator 10 and the detonator socket 5. Correspondingly, when it is necessary to disassemble, replace, or maintain the detonator, the wire-contact detonator 10 can be directly pulled out and separated from the sockets 6. The pair of wired contacts 11 and the pair of sockets 6 can be inserted one-to-one, without being limited by specific positive and negative insertion directions, which improves the efficiency of on-site detonator assembly. The design of the detonator socket 5 is compatible with traditional wired detonators, improving the compatibility of the entire detonation module and allowing for the use of various detonators.

[0065] In some embodiments, the electrode detonator includes two types: electrode detonator 12 and electrode detonator 39. Taking electrode detonator 12 as an example, as... Figures 11-14As shown, the electrode-type detonator 12 has two electrodes on each side, with each electrode comprising two separately arranged electrode units 13. A matching detonator socket 5 has an electrode slot 7. The electrode slot 7 is a known technology; the electrode-type detonator 12's contact end is vertically inserted into the electrode slot 7, with its two electrodes contacting the electrodes on either side of the slot 7. When disassembling, replacing, or maintaining the detonator, the electrode-type detonator 12 can be directly pulled out and separated from the electrode slot 7. The design of two separately arranged electrode units 13 on each side of the electrode-type detonator 12's contact end eliminates the restriction of specific positive and negative insertion directions. Electrical connection is completed simply by inserting the electrode-type detonator 12's contact end into the electrode slot 7, reducing operational difficulty and improving the efficiency of on-site detonator assembly.

[0066] The electrode-type detonator 12 has a 4-electrode unit at the power terminal, which has its own polarity rectification. This eliminates the need to add a polarity rectification device to the internal module of the detonator, simplifying the structure and optimizing and saving costs.

[0067] In practical use, one of the wire contact detonator 10 and the electrode detonator 12 is installed on the housing 1, while a matching detonator socket 5 is configured in the electrical components. By configuring pluggable detonators with different structural forms, such as the wire contact detonator 10 and the electrode detonator 12, the needs of different users and scenarios can be met, realizing the multi-specification design of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells, and increasing the flexibility and adaptability of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells.

[0068] In some feasible implementations, the detonator socket 5 is preferably soldered to the circuit board 2, and the circuit board 2 is electrically connected to the detonating switch 4 through a set of flexible terminals 14. The circuit board 2, the detonating switch 4, and the flexible terminals 14 are electrical components known in the art, and their functions and roles will not be described in detail here. The circuit board 2 and the detonating switch 4 are detachably connected. After replacing different types of pluggable detonators, the detonator socket 5 and the circuit board 2 can be removed together, and the circuit board 2 with a detonator socket 5 that matches the detonator terminals can be replaced. Then, the circuit board 2 and the detonating switch 4 can be electrically connected through the flexible terminals 14.

[0069] The outer casing 1 is also equipped with a detonator grounding connection post 36 that is electrically connected to the circuit motherboard 2. The detonator grounding connection post 36 is a conventional design and will not be described in detail.

[0070] In some feasible implementations, the detonation assembly preferably employs an explosion-proof design to improve the safety of use and transportation of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells. Specifically, such as Figure 2 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 8As shown, the detonation assembly includes a safety bump 15 and a safety plate 16 connected to the safety bump 15. Correspondingly, the circuit board 2 is provided with a conductive area 3 for electrical contact with the safety plate 16. The safety bump 15 moves through the side wall of the housing 1, one end of the safety bump 15 is located inside the housing 1 and abuts against the housing 1 through an elastic member 17, while the other end of the safety bump 15 is located outside the housing 1. The safety plate 16 is located inside the housing 1 and slides with the conductive area 3. In the initial state, the safety bump 15, supported by the elastic element 17, is held at the farthest end of the outer casing 1. At this time, the safety bump 15 is furthest from the detonator socket 5, allowing the safety piece 16 to contact the conductive area 3. The activation circuit of the pluggable detonator 9 is in a short-circuit state, and the pluggable detonator 9 is in an explosion-proof state. When it is necessary to activate the pluggable detonator 9, the safety bump 15 can move towards the detonator socket 5 under external force, compressing the elastic element 17, causing the safety piece 16 to slide away from the conductive area 3. At this time, the short-circuit state of the activation circuit of the pluggable detonator 9 disappears, and the pluggable detonator 9 switches to the activation state. Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 13 As shown, conductive areas 3 are located at the ends of the circuit motherboard 2, and two conductive areas 3 are arranged side by side. Each conductive area 3 is rectangular. Correspondingly, the bottom end of the fuse 16 is provided with two electrodes that contact and cooperate with the two conductive areas 3 respectively. It should be noted that the surface of the conductive area 3 is not lower than the surface of the circuit motherboard 2 to ensure that the fuse 16 can slide smoothly away from the conductive area 3.

[0071] In some feasible implementations, the outer casing 1 is preferably a cylindrical casing, including but not limited to cylindrical, prismatic (e.g., quadrangular prism) shapes, to facilitate the plug-and-play assembly and disassembly of the detonation module, making it convenient and quick. Figures 1-7 As shown, the outer casing 1 includes a cylindrical shell 18, a first cover plate 23, and a second cover plate 24. The cylindrical shell 18 is prismatic and hollow inside, used to house the aforementioned electrical components. A supporting partition 20 is also provided at the top inside the cylindrical shell 18 to divide the top space inside the cylindrical shell 18 into a detonator compartment 21 and a safety compartment 22 along the length of the cylindrical shell 18. The supporting partition 20 is preferably integrally formed with the cylindrical shell 18, which simplifies the processing steps of the outer casing 1. Figures 6-8As shown, the detonator socket 5 and the pluggable detonator 9 are located in the detonator compartment 21, the circuit board 2 and the detonation switch 4 are located in the bottom space inside the cylindrical shell 18, and the safety bump 15, the conductive area 3 and the safety plate 16 are located in the safety compartment 22. The safety bump 15 abuts against the support partition 20 through the elastic element 17. Here, the elastic element 17 is preferably an explosion-proof spring, and its two ends are respectively connected to the safety bump 15 and the support partition 20. The connection method includes, but is not limited to, hanging, embedding, and bonding. The front and rear ends (i.e., the two ends in the length direction) of the cylindrical shell 18 expose the detonation control box contact spring 8 respectively; the first cover plate 23 is detachably installed at the top opening of the detonator compartment 21. While closing the detonator compartment 21, it can also position and clamp the pluggable detonator 9. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, arc-shaped holes are respectively opened on the front end face of the cylindrical shell 18 and the first cover plate 23. When the first cover plate 23 is installed, the arc-shaped holes of the two are joined to form a complete ring, which can be inserted and clipped into the ring. Correspondingly, the second cover plate 24 is detachably installed at the top opening of the safety chamber 22. While closing the safety chamber 22, it can also position the safety protrusion 15, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, a U-shaped groove is provided on the rear end face of the cylindrical shell 18, and the safety protrusion 15 is slidably fitted into the U-shaped groove. A protrusion is provided at the tail end of the second cover plate 24, which precisely blocks the top opening of the U-shaped groove, thus forming a closed hole with the U-shaped groove for the safety protrusion 15 to pass through. Figure 2 As shown, the protruding end of the safety bump 15 adopts a square design, which allows it to move only in a straight line under the constraint of the U-shaped groove wall, without being able to twist, thereby improving the excitation accuracy and reliability of the detonator.

[0072] In some feasible implementations, the first cover plate 23 and the detonator compartment 21 can be fastened together by snap-fit ​​for easy disassembly and assembly; correspondingly, the second cover plate 24 and the safety compartment 22 can be fastened together by snap-fit ​​for easy disassembly and assembly.

[0073] In some feasible implementations, to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the components within the housing 1, the cylindrical housing 18 preferably adopts a modular assembly design, that is, the cylindrical housing 18 includes modularly assembled side walls and a lower cover plate 35. The lower cover plate 35 is preferably fastened to the side wall of the cylindrical housing 18 by snap-fit, which facilitates assembly and disassembly.

[0074] Some feasible implementation methods, such as Figures 1-6 As shown, symmetrically arranged protruding mounting blocks 19 are provided on both sides of the cylindrical shell 18. The mounting blocks 19 can position and lock the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells into the perforating gun. The mounting blocks 19 are integrally formed with the cylindrical shell 18, and a connecting arm is provided between the mounting blocks 19 and the cylindrical shell 18. This connecting arm can be cut from the side wall of the cylindrical shell 18, and its main function is to provide elastic deformation capability for the mounting blocks 19.

[0075] Unlike traditional on-site assembly, the aforementioned modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells adopts a modular, wiring-free design. The outer shell 1, pluggable detonator 9, electrical components, and detonation components can be assembled in the tooling and directly assembled with the perforating gun on the construction site. This simplifies the assembly process of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells and facilitates the on-site installation of the modular perforating gun system 100 in the perforating gun. It can speed up the assembly efficiency of the perforating gun and perforation tool string, reduce the probability of human wiring operation errors, shorten the construction operation time, and reduce construction costs.

[0076] The modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is assembled as follows: The upper end of the safety plate 16 is inserted into the pre-set slot at the lower end of the safety protrusion 15. One end of the elastic element 17 rests inside the safety chamber 22, and the other end rests into the safety protrusion 15. At this time, the safety protrusion 15 is always kept on the outermost side due to the elastic force of the elastic element 17. After installation, the second cover plate 24 is placed on top. Next, proceed to the lower end of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells. The circuit motherboard 2 and the detonator socket 5 are connected by welding (achieving both structural connection and electrical connection between the two). At the same time, different types of pluggable detonators 9 can be selected according to different user requirements; simply welding the circuit motherboard 2 and the matching detonator socket 5 is sufficient. After welding the detonator socket 5, place the circuit board 2 into the detonator compartment 21. Then, insert two flexible terminals 14 into the pre-drilled holes at one end of the circuit board 2. Insert the two pre-drilled holes of the detonator switch 4 into the flexible terminals 14 to complete the electrical connection between the circuit board 2 and the detonator switch 4. After completing the electrical connection between the circuit board 2 and the detonator switch 4, snap the two detonation control box contact springs 8 into the slots built into both ends of the outer casing 1. Then, close the upper and lower cover plates 35. After completion, insert the selected pluggable detonator 9 into the detonator socket 5 and close the first cover plate 23. At this point, the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is assembled.

[0077] The modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is mainly used in oil and gas extraction projects and is assembled with the perforating gun 200 to detonate the detonating cord 31 in the perforating gun 200. For example... Figures 25-28As shown, the perforating gun 200 also includes a gun housing 32 and a magazine assembly 400 disposed within the gun housing 32. Both ends of the gun housing 32 are provided with internal threads 25 for threaded connections (i.e., subsequent electrical connectors 300). The magazine assembly 400 includes a magazine 26, a lower magazine connector 29, an upper magazine connector 30, and a detonating cord 31. The magazine 26 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the gun housing 32. The magazine 26 is used to assemble perforating ammunition 500. Both ends of the magazine 26 are respectively provided with an upper hollow hole 27 and a lower hollow hole 28. The lower magazine connector 29 is located at the first end of the gun housing 32. The lower magazine connector 29 includes a lower magazine connector body 291 and a spring 292. The lower magazine connector body 291 is located at the first end of the gun housing 32. A bearing ring 293 is fitted into the lower connector body 291 of the magazine, and a spring 292 is inserted into the end of the lower connector body 291 facing the magazine 26. A detonation module mounting cavity 294 is provided at the end of the lower connector body 291 away from the magazine 26. The two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity 294 have locking holes adapted to the mounting block 19. A modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is inserted into the detonation module mounting cavity 294 and positioned by the mounting block 19 engaging with the locking holes. An upper latch 297 adapted to the upper hollow hole 27 is provided at the end of the lower connector body 291 facing the magazine 26. Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, the lower connector body 291 of the magazine is locked and positioned with one end of the magazine 26 via an upper latch 297; the upper connector 30 of the magazine is located at the second end of the gun case 32, and includes an upper connector body 301 and a spring 292. The spring 292 is inserted into one end of the upper connector body 301 facing the magazine 26, and a lower latch 302 adapted to the lower hollow hole 28 is provided at one end of the upper connector body 301 facing the magazine 26. The upper connector body 301 is locked and positioned with the other end of the magazine 26 via the lower latch 302; the detonating cord 31 is disposed on the lower connector body 291 of the magazine. The detonating cord 31 is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the magazine 26 and extends toward the upper connector 30 of the magazine. It is adapted to the arrangement route of the perforating bullets 500 inside the magazine 26. In the activation state, the plug-in detonator 9 in the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells (i.e., the end facing the upper connector 30 of the magazine) is located on one side of the end of the detonating cord 31 (i.e., the end facing the lower connector 29 of the magazine) to make side contact with the detonating cord 31 and side detonate the detonating cord 31. The upper connector 30, the lower connector 29 of the magazine and the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells are electrically connected in sequence.

[0078] In some feasible implementations, the springs 292 in the lower connector 29 and the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder are preferably locked flag-type springs. The flag-type spring is a structural component known in the art, and its specific structure and functional principle will not be described in detail here.

[0079] like Figure 20As shown, the end of the insert spring 292 is connected to a spring. The spring is conical in shape and has better elastic deformation capability and lower cost than the spring sheet.

[0080] In some feasible implementations, the bearing ring 293 of the lower connector 29 of the magazine can be replaced by a retaining ring that snaps into the lower connector body 291 of the magazine. For example... Figure 18 , Figure 19 and Figure 21 As shown, two upper latches 297 are symmetrically arranged on the lower connector body 291 of the magazine. After the latch end of the lower connector body 291 of the magazine is aligned and inserted into the magazine 26, the two upper latches 297 automatically pop into the two upper hollow holes 27 respectively, and engage with the magazine 26 to achieve the installation of the lower connector body 291 of the magazine and the magazine 26.

[0081] In some feasible implementations, two lower latches 302 are symmetrically arranged on the connector body 301 of the cartridge holder, such as... Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, after the snap-on end of the connector body 301 on the magazine is aligned and inserted into the magazine 26, the two lower snap-on ends 302 automatically pop into the two lower hollow holes 28 respectively, and engage with the magazine 26 for positioning, so as to realize the installation of the connector body 301 on the magazine and the magazine 26.

[0082] In some feasible implementations, after connecting the upper and lower end assemblies and the carrier 26, a through-wire 33 is used to electrically connect the upper and lower end assemblies. Specifically, multiple through-wire fixing clips 34 are spaced apart along the winding path of the through-wire 33 on the outer periphery of the carrier 26. The upper end of the through-wire 33 (its actual position during construction) is secured to the uppermost through-wire fixing clip and then inserted into the spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring) in the lower connector 29 of the carrier. At this point, the upper end of the through-wire 33 is connected. Then, the through-wire 33 is wound around the carrier 26 until the lower end of the through-wire 33 (its actual position during construction) reaches the lower end of the carrier 26. Finally, the lower end of the through-wire 33 is secured to the lowermost through-wire fixing clip and then inserted into the spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring) in the upper connector 30 of the carrier. The through-wire 33 wound around the outside of the carrier 26 is secured and fixed by the through-wire fixing clips 34 along the winding path. After completing the above steps, the installation of the through-line 33 is complete.

[0083] Next, the upper end (i.e., the distal end) of the detonating cord 31 is inserted into one end of the lower connector body 291 of the ammunition rack. Then, the perforating projectile 500 and the detonating cord 31 are installed sequentially on the ammunition rack 26. After this is completed, the assembly of the ammunition rack assembly 400 is finished. The installation method of the detonating cord 31, the penetrating wire 33, and the perforating projectile 500 on the ammunition rack 26 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0084] The assembled cartridge rack assembly 400 with the perforating ammunition 500 is placed into the gun housing 32 of the perforating gun 200. The electrical connector 300 is screwed into the internal thread 25 at the first end of the gun housing 32. A modular perforating gun 200 assembly is completed. Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown.

[0085] Some feasible implementation methods, such as Figures 17-20 As shown, the two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity 294 are provided with two sets of locking holes along the insertion direction of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells. These are a first locking hole 295 and a second locking hole 296. The outer surface of the mounting block 19 is a conical surface with its tip facing the insertion direction. The mounting block 19 is positioned by engaging with the first locking hole 295 and the second locking hole 296 at its larger end. The conical tip of the mounting block 19 is mainly used to guide the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells during insertion. Even if the mounting block 19 is engaged in the locking hole, it can be disengaged from the locking hole by external force, ensuring the reliability of the installation of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells within the detonation module mounting cavity 294.

[0086] The modular perforating gun 200 can be installed on-site manually or using an automated loading system. During installation, the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is directly pushed into the detonation module mounting cavity 294. During this process, the mounting block 19 first engages with the first locking hole 295. At this point, the end of the pluggable detonator 9 (facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) is 11mm away from the end of the detonating cord 31 (facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder), meeting the safety explosion-proof distance requirement. Simultaneously, the safety protrusion 15 of the modular perforating gun system 100, influenced by the elastic force of the elastic element 17, remains in the outermost position relative to the outer shell 1. At this time, the fuse piece 16 connected below the fuse protrusion 15 is in contact with the conductive area 3 and is located at the outermost end of the conductive area 3. The pluggable detonator 9 is connected to the fuse piece 16 and the circuit motherboard 2 through the detonator socket 5, forming an electrical short circuit. This keeps the excitation circuit of the pluggable detonator 9 in a short-circuit state, preventing accidental detonation of the pluggable detonator 9. Combined with the aforementioned safe explosion-proof distance based on the first card hole 295, it achieves the purpose of multi-level physical explosion-proof, enhancing the transportation and use safety of the detonation module.

[0087] The modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is then pushed forward into the detonation module mounting cavity 294. The end of the pluggable detonator 9 (facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) gradually approaches the end of the detonating cord 31 (facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder), and the distance between them decreases. After the mounting blocks 19 on both sides of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells are engaged in the two second locking holes 296, the end of the pluggable detonator 9 (facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) reaches the side of the end of the detonating cord 31 (facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder), and the two make lateral contact, achieving the purpose of side detonation. At this point, the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is fully assembled on site.

[0088] Considering that the perforating gun 200 is used in series in multiple sections, the electrical connector 300 is often assembled in the internal thread 25 of the second end of the perforating gun 200. Therefore, after the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is assembled on-site, the electrical connector 300 of the next perforating gun 200 can be directly screwed into the internal thread 25 in the direction of the lower connector of the cartridge holder of this perforating gun 200. During the process of screwing the electrical connector 300 into the internal thread 25, the pre-set stepped surface inside the connector will contact the safety protrusion 15. Then, the electrical connector 300 continues to screw in, and the electrical connector 300 will use its own stepped surface to push the safety protrusion 15, squeezing the safety protrusion 15 into the outer shell 1, so that the elastic element 17 is compressed. At the same time, the safety piece 16 below the safety protrusion 15 will also move inward with the safety protrusion 15. When the safety protrusion 15 moves to the innermost position, the safety piece 16 below separates from the conductive area 3 on the circuit motherboard 2. At this time, the previously formed short circuit will no longer exist, the excitation circuit of the plug-in detonator 9 is connected, and the plug-in detonator 9 is in the excitation state. The explosion-proof system of the aforementioned detonation component fails, and the excitation mode is activated.

[0089] The beneficial effects of the aforementioned perforating gun 200 and the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells are as follows: (i) Modular design: On-site installation is completed simply by inserting the pre-assembled modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells into the lower connector of the cartridge holder. It is plug-and-play and convenient for on-site installation.

[0090] No wiring is required between the perforating guns 200 and 200. The connection method has been changed from wired connection to point contact connection, which reduces the error rate of manual operation, increases the speed of on-site assembly, and helps to improve on-site operation efficiency.

[0091] (ii) No wiring required: The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells within 100: The circuit board and the detonator switch are wirelessly connected through flexible terminals; the detonator socket and the circuit board are connected by welding, eliminating the need for wiring; the detonator control box is connected to the detonator switch by contact springs, eliminating the need for soldering and wiring, and avoiding misconnection or loose connection; the pluggable detonator and detonator socket can be plugged in and plugged in, eliminating the need for traditional wiring connections.

[0092] 50% of the failures during on-site construction are caused by wiring issues. The wiring-free structure within the aforementioned modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells can completely avoid these problems.

[0093] At the same time, the wiring-free design also improves the assembly efficiency and work efficiency between electrical components.

[0094] (III) Multiple safety designs: Modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells 100: The entire module is encapsulated in a shell with a certain degree of explosion protection; the first snap-fit ​​of the shell can keep the plug-in detonator and the detonating cord at a safe explosion-proof physical distance; the use of a safety plate, safety bump, plug-in detonator and detonator socket to form a switchable short-circuit design can prevent premature detonation of the detonator caused by static electricity.

[0095] (iv) Meets angle measurement requirements: The bearing ring on the upper and lower connectors of the cartridge (which can be replaced with a non-rotating fixed ring), together with the cartridge with a counterweight, can realize the function of self-directional perforation. The detonation switch installed in the modular perforation gun system 100 for oil and gas wells has a chip that can measure the angle and orientation. When fixed in the detonation module, it can meet the requirements for measuring the angle of the tool string.

[0096] (v) Meets the requirements for automated gun loading: The outer ends of the lower connector of the cartridge rack have two sets of locking holes. The mounting block of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells can be locked in the first locking hole to achieve safe transportation and positioning, thereby realizing the integrated transportation of the detonator and the perforating gun after assembly. During automated gun loading, no manual intervention is required. During the automatic tightening of the electrical connector 300, the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells can be automatically pushed from the first locking hole to the second locking hole, realizing the lateral contact between the detonator in the detonation module and the detonating cord located in the lower connector of the cartridge rack, thus meeting the conditions for side detonation.

[0097] (vi) Expandable functionality: The circuit board of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells has blank functional areas, and functions can be added later according to customer requirements.

[0098] (vii) Universality and compatibility expansion: A wiring port for traditional wired detonators is reserved next to the detonator compartment, allowing for selection of detonator types according to needs. By simply changing the type of detonator socket on the circuit board, compatibility with various types of detonators can be guaranteed. It is compatible with a variety of detonator types on the market, such as high-resistance detonators, magnetic detonators, and digital detonators, greatly improving the product's compatibility.

[0099] (viii) Improved detonation success rate: The plug-in detonator and detonating cord adopt side detonation, eliminating the need for a detonation tube. This reduces costs while increasing the contact area between the detonator and detonating cord, thus improving the detonation success rate.

[0100] (ix) The electrical connector 300 is equipped with a flexible socket connector 38 to ensure that the short section can be powered normally during vibration and movement.

[0101] Example 2 This embodiment proposes a modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells that can be assembled and used in a perforating gun. The difference between this system and Embodiment 1 is only that the electrode detonator used is electrode detonator two 39. This electrode detonator two 39 differs from electrode detonator one 12, such as... Figure 15 As shown, the electrode-type detonator 2 39 has double-sided electrodes at its power connection end, but either side of the electrode is an integral electrode unit; the matching detonator socket is provided with a slot that is compatible with the electrode insertion of the electrode-type detonator 2 39.

[0102] The connection method between electrode type detonator 239 and the corresponding detonator socket 5 can be referred to Figure 11 and Figure 12 The specifics will not be elaborated further.

[0103] The electrode-type detonator 239 uses a two-electrode arrangement at its connection point, which cannot distinguish polarity. A polarity rectifier needs to be added to the internal module of the detonator to achieve polarity conversion during forward or reverse insertion. In contrast, the electrode-type detonator 12 in Embodiment 1 uses a four-electrode unit arrangement with built-in polarity rectification, eliminating the need for an additional polarity rectifier on the internal module, thus optimizing both structure and cost.

[0104] In use, one of the line contact detonator 10, electrode type detonator 12 and electrode type detonator 2 39 is installed on the housing 1, and a matching detonator socket 5 is configured in the electrical components.

[0105] Example 3 This embodiment proposes a modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells, which differs from embodiments 1 and 2 in that: Figure 16As shown, in the hook post 231 at the front end of the first cover plate 23 for insertion and adaptation with the front opening of the columnar shell 18, the corners of the inner and / or outer curved surfaces are all designed with rounded corners, which can improve the smoothness and convenience of the first cover plate 23 disassembly and assembly process.

[0106] Example 4 like Figures 24-28 As shown, this embodiment proposes a modularly designed perforating gun 200, mainly used in oil and gas extraction engineering. It includes a gun housing 32, a cartridge assembly 400 housed within the gun housing 32, and any one of the modular perforating gun systems 100 for oil and gas wells from embodiments 1-3. Both ends of the gun housing 32 are provided with internal threads 25 for threaded connections (i.e., subsequent electrical connectors 300). The cartridge assembly 400 includes a cartridge 26, a lower cartridge connector 29, an upper cartridge connector 30, and a detonating cord 31. The cartridge 26 is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the gun housing 32. The cartridge 26 is used to assemble perforating projectiles 500. Both ends of the cartridge 26 are respectively provided with an upper hollow hole 27 and a lower hollow hole 28. The lower cartridge connector 29 is located at the first end of the gun housing 32. The lower cartridge connector 29 includes a lower cartridge connector body 291 and a spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring). The lower cartridge connector body 291 is located at the first end of the gun housing 32. A bearing ring 293 is fitted into the lower connector body 291 of the magazine, and a spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring) is inserted into the end of the lower connector body 291 facing the magazine 26. A detonation module mounting cavity 294 is provided at the end of the lower connector body 291 away from the magazine 26. The two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity 294 have locking holes adapted to the mounting block 19. A modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is inserted into the detonation module mounting cavity 294 and positioned by the mounting block 19 engaging with the locking holes. An upper latch 297 adapted to the upper hollow hole 27 is provided at the end of the lower connector body 291 facing the magazine 26. Figures 22-24As shown, the lower connector body 291 of the magazine is locked and positioned with one end of the magazine 26 via an upper latch 297; the upper connector 30 of the magazine is located at the second end of the gun case 32, and includes an upper connector body 301 and a spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring). The spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring) is inserted into the end of the lower connector body 301 facing the magazine 26, and a lower latch 302 adapted to the lower hollow hole 28 is provided at the end of the upper connector body 301 facing the magazine 26. The upper connector body 301 is locked and positioned with the other end of the magazine 26 via the lower latch 302; the detonating cord 31 is disposed on the magazine. The lower connector body 291 is positioned at one end facing the cartridge holder 26 and extends towards the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder. Generally, the detonating cord 31 is spirally wound around the outer periphery of the cartridge holder 26 to accommodate the arrangement route of the perforating projectiles 500 within the cartridge holder 26. In the activated state, the plug-in detonator 9 head end (i.e., the end facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) in the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is located on one side of the end of the detonating cord 31 (i.e., the end facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder) to make side contact with the detonating cord 31 and side-detonate the detonating cord 31. The upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder, the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder, and the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells are sequentially electrically connected.

[0107] In some feasible implementations, the bearing ring 293 of the lower connector 29 of the magazine can be replaced by a retaining ring that snaps into the lower connector body 291 of the magazine. For example... Figure 18 , Figure 19 and Figure 21 As shown, two upper latches 297 are symmetrically arranged on the lower connector body 291 of the magazine. After the latch end of the lower connector body 291 of the magazine is aligned and inserted into the magazine 26, the two upper latches 297 automatically pop into the two upper hollow holes 27 respectively, and engage with the magazine 26 to achieve the installation of the lower connector body 291 of the magazine and the magazine 26.

[0108] In some feasible implementations, two lower latches 302 are symmetrically arranged on the connector body 301 of the cartridge holder, such as... Figure 22 , Figure 23 , Figure 26 and Figure 27 As shown, after the snap-on end of the connector body 301 on the magazine is aligned and inserted into the magazine 26, the two lower snap-on ends 302 automatically pop into the two lower hollow holes 28 respectively, and engage with the magazine 26 for positioning, so as to realize the installation of the connector body 301 on the magazine and the magazine 26.

[0109] In some feasible implementations, after connecting the upper and lower end assemblies and the carrier 26, a through-wire 33 is used to electrically connect the upper and lower end assemblies. Specifically, multiple through-wire fixing clips 34 are spaced apart along the winding path of the through-wire 33 on the outer periphery of the carrier 26. The upper end of the through-wire 33 (its actual position during construction) is secured to the uppermost through-wire fixing clip and then inserted into the spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring) in the lower connector 29 of the carrier. At this point, the upper end of the through-wire 33 is connected. Then, the through-wire 33 is wound around the carrier 26 until the lower end of the through-wire 33 (its actual position during construction) reaches the lower end of the carrier 26. Finally, the lower end of the through-wire 33 is secured to the lowermost through-wire fixing clip and then inserted into the spring 292 (with a locking flag type spring) in the upper connector 30 of the carrier. The through-wire 33 wound around the outside of the carrier 26 is secured and fixed by the through-wire fixing clips 34 along the winding path. After completing the above steps, the installation of the through-line 33 is complete.

[0110] Next, the upper end (i.e., the distal end) of the detonating cord 31 is inserted into one end of the lower connector body 291 of the ammunition rack. Then, the perforating projectile 500 and the detonating cord 31 are installed sequentially on the ammunition rack 26. After this is completed, the assembly of the ammunition rack assembly 400 is finished. The installation method of the detonating cord 31, the penetrating wire 33, and the perforating projectile 500 on the ammunition rack 26 is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0111] The assembled cartridge rack assembly 400 with the perforating ammunition 500 is placed into the gun housing 32 of the perforating gun 200. The electrical connector 300 is screwed into the internal thread 25 of the gun housing 32. A modular perforating gun 200 assembly is completed. Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown.

[0112] Some feasible implementation methods, such as Figures 17-20 As shown, the two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity 294 are provided with two sets of locking holes along the insertion direction of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells. These are a first locking hole 295 and a second locking hole 296. The outer surface of the mounting block 19 is a conical surface with its tip facing the insertion direction. The mounting block 19 is positioned by engaging with the first locking hole 295 and the second locking hole 296 at its larger end. The conical tip of the mounting block 19 is mainly used to guide the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells during insertion. Even if the mounting block 19 is engaged in the locking hole, it can be disengaged from the locking hole by external force, ensuring the reliability of the installation of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells within the detonation module mounting cavity 294.

[0113] The modular perforating gun 200 can be installed on-site manually or using an automated loading system. During installation, the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is directly pushed into the detonation module mounting cavity 294. During this process, the mounting block 19 first engages with the first locking hole 295. At this point, the end of the pluggable detonator 9 (facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) is 11mm away from the end of the detonating cord 31 (facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder), meeting the safety explosion-proof distance requirement. Simultaneously, the safety protrusion 15 of the modular perforating gun system 100, influenced by the elastic force of the elastic element 17, remains in the outermost position relative to the outer shell 1. At this time, the fuse piece 16 connected below the fuse protrusion 15 is in contact with the conductive area 3 and is located at the outermost end of the conductive area 3. The pluggable detonator 9 is connected to the fuse piece 16 and the circuit motherboard 2 through the detonator socket 5, forming an electrical short circuit. This keeps the excitation circuit of the pluggable detonator 9 in a short-circuit state, preventing accidental detonation of the pluggable detonator 9 and achieving the purpose of physical explosion isolation.

[0114] The modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is then pushed forward into the detonation module mounting cavity 294. The end of the pluggable detonator 9 (facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) gradually approaches the end of the detonating cord 31 (facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder), and the distance between them decreases. After the mounting blocks 19 on both sides of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells are engaged in the two second locking holes 296, the end of the pluggable detonator 9 (facing the upper connector 30 of the cartridge holder) reaches the side of the end of the detonating cord 31 (facing the lower connector 29 of the cartridge holder), and the two make lateral contact, achieving the purpose of side detonation. At this point, the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is fully assembled on site.

[0115] In some feasible embodiments, the perforating gun 200 also includes an electrical connector 300, which is threaded to the internal thread 25 at the first end of the gun housing 32. The electrical connector 300 is capable of pushing the safety protrusion 15 during the screwing into the internal thread 25 to switch the plug-in detonator 9 to the firing state.

[0116] Considering that the perforating gun 200 is used in series in multiple sections, the electrical connector 300 is often assembled in the internal thread 25 of the second end of the perforating gun 200. Therefore, after the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is assembled on-site, the electrical connector 300 of the next perforating gun 200 can be directly screwed into the internal thread 25 in the direction of the lower connector of the cartridge holder of this perforating gun 200. During the process of screwing the electrical connector 300 into the internal thread 25, the pre-set stepped surface inside the connector will contact the safety protrusion 15. Then, the electrical connector 300 continues to screw in, and the electrical connector 300 will use its own stepped surface to push the safety protrusion 15, squeezing the safety protrusion 15 into the outer shell 1, so that the elastic element 17 is compressed. At the same time, the safety piece 16 below the safety protrusion 15 will also move inward with the safety protrusion 15. When the safety protrusion 15 moves to the innermost position, the safety piece 16 below separates from the conductive area 3 on the circuit motherboard 2. At this time, the previously formed short circuit will no longer exist, the excitation circuit of the plug-in detonator 9 is connected, and the plug-in detonator 9 is in the excitation state. The explosion-proof system of the aforementioned detonation component fails, and the excitation mode is activated.

[0117] The aforementioned perforating gun 200 is a single-use, modular, quick-connect perforating gun system. The bearing ring and retaining ring on the lower connector of the cartridge holder in the perforating gun 200 are replaceable, allowing for free switching between a fixed-area gun module and a directional gun module. This makes the perforating gun 200 compatible with both fixed-area perforation and directional perforation operations, solving the problem that modular designs cannot be applied to directional guns.

[0118] In addition, the perforating gun 200 possesses all the technical advantages described in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0119] Example 5 This embodiment proposes a modularly designed perforating gun 200, such as... Figures 17-20 As shown, based on Embodiment 4, a long groove 298 extending along the disassembly and assembly direction of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells is further provided on the side wall of the detonation module mounting cavity 294, and the end of the long groove 298 away from the lower connector body 291 of the cartridge holder passes through the end of the detonation module mounting cavity 294. The opening of the long groove 298 divides the detonation module mounting cavity 294 into multiple segments along the circumference. This design can ensure the coverage and installation reliability of the detonation module mounting cavity 294 for the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells, and can also provide the detonation module mounting cavity 294 with circumferential expansion and contraction elasticity during the disassembly and assembly of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells, thereby improving the convenience of disassembly and assembly of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells on the detonation module mounting cavity 294.

[0120] As a preferred option, such as Figure 19 As shown, elongated slots 298 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the detonation module mounting cavity 294.

[0121] In some feasible implementations, it is preferable that two long slots 298 are formed on each side wall of the detonation module mounting cavity 294, and the two long slots 298 are distributed on the upper and lower sides of the first locking hole 295. For example Figure 19 As shown, four long slots 298 are opened on the detonation module mounting cavity 294, dividing the tail end of the detonation module mounting cavity 294 into four circumferential segments. This can improve the ease of disassembly and assembly and the disassembly and assembly speed while ensuring the clamping strength of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells.

[0122] Example 6 This embodiment proposes a modularly designed perforating gun 200, which differs from embodiments 4 and 5 in that: Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown, the second perforation hole 296 is designed to be longer in the axial direction of the detonation module mounting cavity 294, which improves the adaptability and compatibility of the modular perforating gun system 100 for oil and gas wells.

[0123] Example 7 This embodiment proposes a perforation tool string, including multiple sets (segments) of perforation guns 200 disclosed in embodiments 4, 5 or 6, with the multiple sets (segments) of perforation guns 200 connected in series from end to end via electrical connectors 300.

[0124] The assembly of the perforation tool string also uses setting tools and bridge plugs, which are standard designs in this field and will not be described in detail here.

[0125] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and to facilitate understanding. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and objectives of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0126] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells, characterized in that, include: shell; The electrical components include a circuit board, a detonating switch, a detonator socket, and a detonation control box contact spring. The circuit board, the detonating switch, and the detonator socket are all disposed within the housing. The detonating switch is electrically connected to the circuit board. The detonator socket is disposed on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board. The detonation control box contact spring is disposed at both ends of the housing and electrically connected to the detonating switch. A pluggable detonator is provided to be matched with the detonator socket. The pluggable detonator is used to penetrate the side wall of the housing and is pluggably connected to the detonator socket. An initiation assembly, disposed on the housing, is capable of activating the pluggable detonator.

2. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pluggable detonator includes at least one of a wire contact detonator, an electrode-type detonator (Type 1), and an electrode-type detonator (Type 2), wherein: The detonator with wire contact is provided with a pair of wire contacts at its power receiving end; the matching detonator socket is provided with a socket adapted to the wire contacts. The electrode-type detonator has a double-sided electrode at its power receiving end, and each side of the electrode includes two electrode units arranged separately; the matching detonator socket is provided with a slot that is compatible with the electrode insertion of the electrode-type detonator. The electrode-type detonator II has a double-sided electrode at its power receiving end, and each side of the electrode is an integral electrode unit; the matching detonator socket is provided with a slot that is compatible with the electrode insertion of the electrode-type detonator II. In use, one of the line contact detonator, the first electrode detonator, and the second electrode detonator is mounted on the housing, and the electrical components are equipped with a matching detonator socket.

3. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonator socket is welded to the circuit motherboard, and the circuit motherboard is electrically connected to the detonation switch through a set of flexible terminals.

4. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The detonation assembly includes a safety bump and a safety plate connected to the safety bump, and the circuit board has a conductive area for electrical contact with the safety plate; wherein: The safety bump extends through the side wall of the housing, with one end of the safety bump located inside the housing and abutting against the housing via an elastic element, and the other end of the safety bump located outside the housing. The safety plate is located inside the housing, and the safety plate is slidably engaged with the conductive area; The safety bump, supported by the elastic element, is held at the farthest end of the housing, so that the safety piece contacts the conductive area, the activation circuit of the plug-in detonator is in a short-circuit state, and the plug-in detonator is in an explosion-proof state; the safety bump, under the action of an external force, compresses the elastic element, so that the safety piece slides away from the conductive area, and the plug-in detonator switches to the activation state.

5. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer shell is a cylindrical shell, comprising: The cylindrical shell houses the electrical components. A supporting partition is provided at the top of the cylindrical shell to divide the top space along the length of the cylindrical shell into a detonator compartment and a safety compartment. The detonator socket and the pluggable detonator are located in the detonator compartment, and the safety bump, the conductive area, and the safety plate are located in the safety compartment. The safety bump abuts against the supporting partition through the elastic element. The detonation control box contact springs are exposed at the front and rear ends of the cylindrical shell. The first cover plate is detachably installed at the top opening of the detonator compartment to position and clamp the plug-in detonator. The second cover plate is detachably installed at the top opening of the safety compartment to position the safety bump.

6. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells according to claim 5, characterized in that, The cylindrical shell has symmetrically protruding mounting blocks on both sides, which can position and lock the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells inside the perforating gun.

7. A perforating gun, characterized in that, The system includes a gun housing, a cartridge assembly disposed within the gun housing, and the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells as described in claim 6, wherein both ends of the gun housing are provided with internal threads for threaded connection joints, and the cartridge assembly includes: The magazine is arranged parallel to the axial direction of the gun case. The magazine is used to assemble the perforated cartridge. The magazine has a hollow upper hole and a hollow lower hole at its two ends. The lower connector of the magazine is located at the first end of the gun case. The lower connector includes a lower connector body and a spring. A bearing ring or a fixing ring is externally fitted onto the lower connector body. The spring is inserted into the end of the lower connector body facing the magazine. A detonation module mounting cavity is provided at the end of the lower connector body away from the magazine. The two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity are provided with locking holes adapted to the mounting block. The modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells is inserted into the detonation module mounting cavity and positioned by locking the mounting block with the locking holes. An upper buckle adapted to the upper hollow hole is provided at the end of the lower connector body facing the magazine. The lower connector body is positioned by locking the upper buckle with one end of the magazine. The upper connector of the magazine is located at the second end of the gun case. The upper connector of the magazine includes an upper connector body and a spring. The spring is inserted into one end of the upper connector body facing the magazine. A lower latch adapted to the lower hollow hole is provided at one end of the upper connector body facing the magazine. The upper connector body of the magazine is locked and positioned with the other end of the magazine through the lower latch. A detonating cord is disposed at one end of the lower connector body of the cartridge frame facing the cartridge frame and extends to the upper connector of the cartridge frame; in the activation state, the plug-in detonator in the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells is located on one side of the detonating cord to side detonate the detonating cord. The upper connector of the launcher, the lower connector of the launcher, and the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells are electrically connected in sequence.

8. The perforating gun according to claim 7, characterized in that, The two side walls of the detonation module mounting cavity are provided with two sets of the locking holes in sequence along the insertion direction of the modular perforating gun system for oil and gas wells. The outer surface of the mounting block is a conical surface with its tip facing the insertion direction, and the mounting block is positioned by engaging with the card hole through its large end.

9. The perforating gun according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, It also includes an electrical connector that is threaded to the internal thread at the first end of the gun housing. The electrical connector is capable of pushing the safety lug to switch the plug-in detonator to the firing state.

10. A perforation tool string, characterized in that, It includes multiple sets of perforating guns as described in claim 9, wherein the multiple sets of perforating guns are connected in series from end to end through the electrical connector.

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