Miniature ultrahigh pressure pump

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high-pressure pumps, and discloses a miniature ultrahigh-pressure pump which comprises a mounting part, the mounting part comprises a mounting column, two symmetrically-arranged high-pressure cylinders are horizontally arranged on the inner side of the mounting part, the ends, away from the mounting part, of the two high-pressure cylinders are jointly sleeved with a pressing block, and the pressing block is located on the inner side of the mounting column; according to the high-pressure cylinder assembly, the structural integration degree is high, positioning is accurate, and operation is stable and reliable, the integrated layout that the oppositely-arranged double high-pressure cylinders share the pressing block is adopted, accurate centering and fixing are carried out through the positioning columns penetrating through the high-pressure cylinders, the water inlet connector and the water outlet connector, and the high-pressure cylinders are fixed through the positioning columns; the coaxiality of the core fluid component and the rigidity of the whole structure are greatly improved; by means of the design, internal pressure and vibration under the ultrahigh pressure working condition are effectively resisted, stability and reliability of long-term operation of the pump are guaranteed, and the risk of leakage or failure caused by dislocation or looseness of parts is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-pressure pump technology, and specifically relates to a miniature ultra-high-pressure pump. Background Technology

[0002] High-pressure pumps, as key power components capable of significantly increasing fluid pressure, are widely used in industrial cleaning, medical devices, analytical instruments, hydraulic systems, and precision machining. With the development of modern equipment towards miniaturization, integration, and high reliability, higher requirements are being placed on the size, weight, output stability, and service life of high-pressure pumps. In particular, the demand for miniature ultra-high-pressure pumps is becoming increasingly urgent in portable devices, aerospace, and high-end scientific instruments.

[0003] Currently, the main technical challenges facing miniature high-pressure pumps are insufficient rigidity and vibration control. Traditional miniature high-pressure pumps often employ a single-cylinder or asymmetrical layout, which, under high-frequency and high-pressure conditions, are prone to significant vibration and noise due to internal pressure pulsation and piston reciprocating motion, affecting system stability and the normal operation of adjacent precision components. Furthermore, due to their dispersed structure and numerous connection points, they are susceptible to micro-deformation and component misalignment under ultra-high pressure, leading to sealing failure and increased leakage risk. Single-cylinder pumps inevitably experience periodic fluctuations in flow and pressure during operation, especially when outputting ultra-high pressure, the pulsation is more pronounced, making it difficult to meet the requirements of applications with high pressure stability (such as precision spraying, constant pressure liquid supply, medical injection, etc.).

[0004] Meanwhile, the assembly and maintenance of existing high-pressure pumps are complex, often relying on bolt tightening, multi-stage sealing and precision alignment processes. The assembly process is cumbersome, requires high skills from operators, and daily maintenance and component replacement are inconvenient, affecting the maintainability and service life of the equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a miniature ultra-high pressure pump.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a miniature ultra-high pressure pump, including a mounting component, the mounting component including a mounting column, and two symmetrically arranged high-pressure cylinders horizontally arranged on the inner side of the mounting component. The two high-pressure cylinders are fitted with a pressure block at the end opposite to the mounting component. The pressure block is located inside the mounting column, and the inner side of the pressure block has a stepped hole for fitting and installing with the high-pressure cylinder. One end of each of the two high-pressure cylinders is respectively fitted with a water inlet connector and a water outlet connector. The water inlet connector and the water outlet connector are arranged longitudinally and are respectively connected to the two high-pressure cylinders.

[0007] Preferably, a positioning post is embedded in the inner side of the pressure block, and the positioning post passes through the high-pressure cylinder, the water inlet connector, and the water outlet connector.

[0008] Preferably, the inner wall of the water inlet connector near the high-pressure cylinder is fitted with a symmetrically arranged water inlet check valve, and the inner wall of the water outlet connector near the high-pressure cylinder is fitted with a symmetrically arranged water outlet check valve.

[0009] Preferably, both high-pressure cylinders have chambers formed on their inner sides, and both chambers are connected to the inlet and outlet water connectors.

[0010] Preferably, pistons are slidably connected to the inner sides of both chambers, and a through connecting rod is snapped onto the end of the piston away from the pressure block, the connecting rod extending to the outer side of the high-pressure cylinder away from the pressure block.

[0011] Preferably, a pressure cap is fitted onto the end of the mounting post away from the connecting rod, and a fitting cavity is formed on the inner side of the end of the pressure cap away from the mounting post, the fitting cavity being used in conjunction with the pressure block.

[0012] Preferably, the outer surface of the mounting post is provided with through grooves at equal intervals around the circumference, and the outer surface of the mounting post opposite to the pressure cap is provided with a groove cavity, the groove cavity and the through grooves being interconnected.

[0013] Preferably, the inner side of the end of the pressure cap away from the sleeve cavity is fitted with a mating part at equal intervals, and the number of mating parts matches the number of through slots. Both the through slots and the groove cavity are used in conjunction with the mating parts.

[0014] Preferably, the outer surface of the mounting column is embedded with snap-fit ​​connectors distributed at equal intervals around the circumference. A disc is snap-fitted onto one end of the snap-fit ​​connector located on the inner side of the mounting column, and an elastic element is snap-fitted onto the side of the disc facing away from the snap-fit ​​connector together with the inner wall of the mounting column.

[0015] Preferably, the inner wall of the pressure cap has an inner cavity located on the surface of the snap-fit ​​connector, and the inner side of the cavity is provided with snap-fit ​​grooves at equal intervals around the circumference, which are used in conjunction with the snap-fit ​​connector.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention features high structural integration, precise positioning, and stable and reliable operation: By adopting an integrated layout with a shared pressure block for opposing double high-pressure cylinders, and using positioning columns that penetrate the high-pressure cylinders, inlet connector, and outlet connector for precise centering and fixation, the coaxiality of the core fluid components and the overall structural rigidity are greatly improved. This design effectively resists internal pressure and vibration under ultra-high pressure conditions, ensuring the stability and reliability of the pump's long-term operation and reducing the risk of leakage or failure due to component misalignment or loosening. 2. This invention features highly efficient fluid control and stable, continuous output pressure. It employs longitudinally arranged inlet and outlet connectors, with symmetrically arranged inlet and outlet check valve assemblies respectively snapped into the inner wall near the high-pressure cylinder end. This valve system is precisely connected to the chambers of the two high-pressure cylinders, working in conjunction with pistons driven by connecting rods to perform alternating reciprocating motion, strictly achieving a unidirectional circulation of fluid intake-compression-discharge. The phase-interleaved operating mode of the two opposing cylinders significantly reduces the inherent flow and pressure pulsations of a single-cylinder pump, thereby generating and outputting extremely stable and continuous ultra-high-pressure fluid. 3. This invention boasts excellent dynamic performance and compact space utilization. Two high-pressure cylinders are symmetrically arranged horizontally, with their internal pistons alternately driven by external force via connecting rods. This opposed design allows the inertial forces generated by the two pistons to largely cancel each other out, effectively reducing vibration and noise levels during pump operation. Simultaneously, this layout highly integrates the core high-pressure generating mechanism within the mounting column, achieving the design goal of efficient high-pressure output within a miniaturized volume, balancing performance and space utilization. 4. This invention features a modular design, facilitating assembly and maintenance. It employs a rapid locking and sealing system comprised of mounting posts, glands, mating parts, snap-fit ​​connectors, and elastic elements. Axial accommodation is achieved through the sleeve cavity on the gland, and radial initial positioning and anti-dislodgement are realized through the rotational engagement of the through groove, recessed cavity, and mating part. Further, the pre-tightened snap-fit ​​connector of the elastic element, in conjunction with the snap-fit ​​groove on the inner wall of the gland, forms a secure final lock. This design allows for quick and reliable assembly and disassembly of the entire pump without complex tools, greatly simplifying daily maintenance, component inspection and replacement, and improving product maintainability and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the high-pressure cylinder, pressure block, water inlet connector, and water outlet connector of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a frontal sectional view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top sectional view of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the water inlet check valve of the present invention in its water inlet working state; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the one-way valve for water outlet of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the water inlet connector of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the water outlet connector of the present invention; Figure 9This is an exploded view of the gland and mounting post used in conjunction with the present invention; Figure 10 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the card connector of the present invention.

[0018] Figure label: 1. Mounting component; 101. Mounting column; 2. High-pressure cylinder; 201. Chamber; 3. Pressing blocks; 4. Water inlet connector; 401. Water outlet connector; 5. Inlet check valve; 501. Outlet check valve; 6. Positioning post; 7. Piston; 701. Connecting rod; 8. Pressure cap; 801. Sleeve cavity; 9. Through groove; 901. Groove cavity; 902. Connecting part; 10. Snap-fit ​​connector; 1001. Disc; 11. Elastic components; 12. Inner cavity; 1201. Snap-fit ​​groove. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved objectives, and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this invention and not all embodiments. Other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described herein without creative effort are all within the protection scope of this invention.

[0020] Specific embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Example

[0021] refer to Figures 1-10 A miniature ultra-high pressure pump includes a mounting component 1, which includes a mounting column 101. Two symmetrically arranged high-pressure cylinders 2 are horizontally arranged on the inner side of the mounting component 1. The two high-pressure cylinders 2 are fitted with a pressure block 3 at the end opposite to the mounting component 1. The pressure block 3 is located inside the mounting column 101, and the inner side of the pressure block 3 has a stepped hole for fitting and installing with the high-pressure cylinder 2. One end of each of the two high-pressure cylinders 2 is respectively fitted with an inlet connector 4 and an outlet connector 401. The inlet connector 4 and the outlet connector 401 are arranged longitudinally and are connected to the two high-pressure cylinders 2 respectively.

[0022] Specifically, this invention features highly efficient fluid control and stable, continuous output pressure. It employs a longitudinally arranged inlet connector 4 and outlet connector 401, with symmetrically arranged inlet check valves 5 and outlet check valves 501 respectively snapped into the inner wall near one end of the high-pressure cylinder 2. This valve system is precisely connected to the chambers 201 of the two high-pressure cylinders 2, and works in conjunction with the piston 7 driven by the connecting rod 701 to perform alternating reciprocating motion, strictly achieving a unidirectional cycle of fluid intake-compression-discharge. The dual-cylinder, phase-interleaved operating mode significantly reduces the inherent flow and pressure pulsations of a single-cylinder pump, thereby generating and outputting an extremely stable and continuous ultra-high-pressure fluid.

[0023] A positioning post 6 is embedded in the inner side of the pressure block 3, and the positioning post 6 passes through the high pressure cylinder 2, the water inlet connector 4 and the water outlet connector 401. A water inlet check valve 5 arranged symmetrically is installed on the inner wall of the water inlet connector 4 near the high pressure cylinder 2. A water outlet check valve 501 arranged symmetrically is installed on the inner wall of the water outlet connector 401 near the high pressure cylinder 2.

[0024] Specifically, by embedding a positioning column 6 inside the pressure block 3, which passes through the high-pressure cylinder 2, the water inlet connector 4, and the water outlet connector 401, precise axial and circumferential positioning is provided for these core fluid components, ensuring the coaxiality between the components and thus enhancing the stability and reliability of the overall structure. By snapping in the inner walls of the inlet connector 4 and the outlet connector 401 near the high-pressure cylinder 2, a complete check valve group is formed. This design ensures that the fluid flows strictly in the unidirectional direction of inlet-pressurization-outlet in the pump chamber, which is the key to forming ultra-high pressure. At the same time, the snap-fit ​​installation facilitates the replacement and maintenance of the valve body.

[0025] Both high-pressure cylinders 2 have chambers 201 formed on their inner sides, and both chambers 201 are connected to the water inlet connector 4 and the water outlet connector 401. Both chambers 201 are slidably connected to pistons 7, and the end of piston 7 away from pressure block 3 is clamped with a through connecting rod 701, which extends to the outer side of high-pressure cylinder 2 away from pressure block 3.

[0026] Specifically, by forming chambers 201 inside the two high-pressure cylinders 2 and connecting chambers 201 to the inlet connector 4 and the outlet connector 401, the flow channel relationship shared by the two cylinders is clarified. A sliding piston 7 is installed in each chamber 201. The piston 7 is driven by a through connecting rod 701, which defines the core actuator for generating pressure. This structure allows external driving force to be transmitted through the connecting rod 701, pushing the piston 7 to reciprocate in the chamber 201, thereby periodically changing the volume of the chamber 201, realizing the suction and compression of fluid, and is the core action unit for generating ultra-high pressure.

[0027] A pressure cap 8 is fitted onto the end of the mounting post 101 away from the connecting rod 701. A fitting cavity 801 is formed on the inner side of the end of the pressure cap 8 facing away from the mounting post 101. The fitting cavity 801 is used in conjunction with the pressure block 3. The outer surface of the mounting post 101 has circumferentially spaced through grooves 9, and a recessed cavity 901 is formed on the outer surface of the mounting post 101 facing away from the pressure cap 8. The recessed cavity 901 communicates with the through grooves 9. A mating piece 902 is equally spaced and snap-fitted onto the inner side of the end of the pressure cap 8 away from the fitting cavity 801. The number of mating pieces 902 matches the number of through grooves 9. All slots 901 are used in conjunction with docking parts 902. The outer surface of the mounting post 101 is embedded with snap-fit ​​connectors 10 distributed at equal intervals around the circumference. One end of the snap-fit ​​connector 10 located inside the mounting post 101 is snap-fitted with a disc 1001. The side of the disc 1001 facing away from the snap-fit ​​connector 10 is snap-fitted with the inner wall of the mounting post 101 and is fitted with an elastic element 11. The inner wall of the pressure cap 8 has an inner cavity 12 located on the surface of the snap-fit ​​connector 10. The inner side of the cavity is embedded with snap-fit ​​grooves 1201 distributed at equal intervals around the circumference. The snap-fit ​​grooves 1201 are used in conjunction with the snap-fit ​​connector 10.

[0028] Specifically, together they form a highly efficient, reliable and easy-to-assemble modular packaging and locking system. By setting up a pressure cover 8, the inner sleeve cavity 801 cooperates with the pressure block 3 to achieve initial accommodation and axial positioning of the pump core module. The through groove 9 and recessed cavity 901 on the mounting post 101 engage with the mating part 902 on the pressure cap 8, providing initial radial positioning and preventing detachment. Furthermore, the engagement of the snap-fit ​​connector 10 pushed by the elastic element 11 inside the mounting post 101 with the snap-fit ​​groove 1201 on the inner wall of the pressure cap 8 forms a quick-locking mechanism with elastic pre-tightening force. The advantage of this system is that it enables quick and stable assembly and disassembly of the pressure block 3, mounting column 101 and pressure cap 8 without the need for complicated tools, which greatly facilitates the assembly, maintenance and inspection and replacement of internal components.

[0029] Working principle of the invention: The core pump module that generates high pressure is decoupled and designed in a coordinated manner with the gland 8, which facilitates rapid assembly, sealing, and maintenance. The entire pump operation is a precise process combining mechanical motion and fluid control, which can be systematically described into two main aspects: hydraulic generation and guidance, and module encapsulation and locking.

[0030] Firstly, in terms of high-pressure generation and fluid control, the pump employs a opposed dual-cylinder arrangement. Two high-pressure cylinders 2 are horizontally symmetrically positioned inside the mounting component 1 and integrated and positioned via a common pressure block 3. Each high-pressure cylinder 2 contains a precision chamber 201, within which is fitted a piston 7 that can slide precisely along the cylinder wall. The piston 7 is connected to an external drive mechanism via a connecting rod 701 that passes through one end of the cylinder body.

[0031] When the external drive source is working, it drives the two connecting rods 701 to perform alternating reciprocating linear motion, thereby driving the two pistons 7 to alternately cycle through intake, compression, and discharge in their respective chambers 201. This dual-cylinder opposed design not only balances some of the reciprocating inertial force and reduces vibration, but more importantly, it can achieve near-continuous flow output, effectively suppressing the inherent flow and pressure pulsations of a single-cylinder pump, laying the foundation for obtaining stable ultra-high pressure.

[0032] Fluid path control is achieved through a carefully arranged valve system. Inlet connector 4 and outlet connector 401 are arranged longitudinally and communicate with the chambers 201 of the two high-pressure cylinders 2, respectively. At key locations on each connector, an inlet check valve 5 and an outlet check valve 501 are respectively snap-fitted together. Their operating logic is as follows: When a piston 7 moves away from the pressure block 3 under the action of connecting rod 701, the volume of its chamber 201 increases and the internal pressure decreases. At this time, the inlet check valve 5 connected to the chamber 201 opens under the action of pressure difference, while the outlet check valve 501 closes, and low-pressure fluid is drawn into the chamber 201 from the inlet, completing the suction stroke. Immediately afterwards, when the piston 7 moves towards the pressure block 3 under the drive of connecting rod 701, the volume of the chamber 201 decreases and the internal pressure rises sharply. At this time, the inlet check valve 5 closes under high pressure to prevent fluid backflow; while the outlet check valve 501 is opened when the pressure in the chamber 201 exceeds the outlet back pressure, and the high-pressure fluid is forcibly squeezed out and flows into the outlet pipeline through the outlet connector 401, completing the discharge stroke. Because the movements of the two pistons 7 are staggered, when one cylinder is at the end of the intake phase, the other cylinder may be in the middle of the discharge phase, thus ensuring that there is always high-pressure fluid output at the outlet, achieving efficient and continuous pressure build-up. The positioning post 6 running through the high-pressure cylinder 2 and the connector ensures precise alignment of all fluid channels, reducing pressure loss and potential leakage points caused by abrupt changes in flow path, which is crucial for maintaining ultra-high pressure.

[0033] Secondly, in terms of modular packaging and quick locking, this pump demonstrates excellent maintainability design. The core components, such as the high-pressure cylinder 2, piston 7, and check valve, are pre-assembled into a compact "pump core module." This module achieves radial positioning through the stepped hole on the pressure block 3 and initial axial accommodation through the sleeve cavity 801 inside the pressure cover 8. When the sleeve cavity 801 is in a transverse state, the pressure cover 8 is fitted onto the surface of the mounting post 101. Then, by rotating the pressure cover 8 to make the sleeve cavity 801 longitudinal, the positioning between the pressure cover 8 and the mounting post 101 can be achieved.

[0034] Meanwhile, the outer circumference of the mounting post 101 is provided with a through groove 9 and a groove cavity 901 communicating with it, while the inner ring of the pressure cap 8 is correspondingly equipped with a mating part 902. During assembly, the pressure cap 8 is fitted onto the mounting post 101, and its mating part 902 first slides into the through groove 9. After reaching the predetermined depth, it is rotated at a certain angle of ninety degrees so that the mating part 902 is engaged into the groove cavity 901, achieving preliminary radial locking and preventing dislodgement.

[0035] To further provide a stable locking force and cope with the axial separation force generated by high pressure, multiple circumferentially distributed snap-fit ​​connectors 10 are embedded in the wall of the mounting column 101. Each snap-fit ​​connector 10 is connected to an elastic element 11 via a disc 1001 on its inner side. During the rotation of the gland 8 to its final position, the snap-fit ​​groove 1201 continuously engages and disengages with adjacent snap-fit ​​grooves 1201 under the action of the elastic element 11, until the gland 8 rotates to the required angle, forming a final lock. This design effectively compresses the entire pump core module, resisting minor deformation and vibration under high pressure. It also ensures that a certain radial frictional force is required for the rotation and unlocking of the gland 8, guaranteeing long-term reliability.

[0036] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0037] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump, characterized in that: The device includes an installation component (1), which includes an installation column (101). Two symmetrically arranged high-pressure cylinders (2) are horizontally arranged on the inner side of the installation component (1). The two high-pressure cylinders (2) are fitted with a pressure block (3) at one end away from the installation component (1). The pressure block (3) is located inside the installation column (101), and the inner side of the pressure block (3) has a stepped hole for fitting and installing with the high-pressure cylinders (2). One end of each of the two high-pressure cylinders (2) is respectively fitted with a water inlet connector (4) and a water outlet connector (401). The water inlet connector (4) and the water outlet connector (401) are arranged longitudinally and are connected to the two high-pressure cylinders (2) respectively.

2. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure block (3) is embedded with a positioning post (6), and the positioning post (6) passes through the high pressure cylinder (2), the water inlet connector (4) and the water outlet connector (401).

3. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 2, characterized in that: The water inlet connector (4) has a symmetrically arranged water inlet check valve (5) snapped onto the inner wall of the end near the high pressure cylinder (2), and the water outlet connector (401) has a symmetrically arranged water outlet check valve (501) snapped onto the inner wall of the end near the high pressure cylinder (2).

4. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both high-pressure cylinders (2) have chambers (201) formed on their inner sides, and both chambers (201) are connected to the water inlet connector (4) and the water outlet connector (401).

5. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both chambers (201) are slidably connected to pistons (7), and a through connecting rod (701) is snapped onto one end of the piston (7) away from the pressure block (3). The connecting rod (701) extends through to the outside of the high-pressure cylinder (2) away from the pressure block (3).

6. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the mounting post (101) away from the connecting rod (701) is fitted with a pressure cap (8), and the inner side of the end of the pressure cap (8) away from the mounting post (101) forms a fitting cavity (801), which is used in conjunction with the pressure block (3).

7. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer surface of the mounting post (101) is provided with through grooves (9) at equal intervals around the circumference, and the outer surface of the mounting post (101) away from the pressure cap (8) is provided with a groove cavity (901), and the groove cavity (901) is connected to the through groove (9).

8. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner side of the end of the pressure cap (8) away from the sleeve cavity (801) is fitted with a docking piece (902) at equal intervals, and the number of docking pieces (902) matches the number of through grooves (9). The through grooves (9) and the groove cavity (901) are used in conjunction with the docking pieces (902).

9. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer surface of the mounting post (101) is embedded with snap-fit ​​connectors (10) that are evenly spaced around the circumference. One end of the snap-fit ​​connector (10) located inside the mounting post (101) is snap-fitted with a disc (1001), and the side of the disc (1001) facing away from the snap-fit ​​connector (10) is snap-fitted with the inner wall of the mounting post (101) with an elastic element (11).

10. A miniature ultra-high pressure pump according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner wall of the pressure cap (8) has an inner cavity (12) located on the surface of the snap connector (10), and the inner side of the inner cavity is provided with snap grooves (1201) distributed at equal intervals around the circumference. The snap grooves (1201) are used in conjunction with the snap connector (10).

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