Pesticide residue detection device for traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal material pesticide residue detection device, and relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicinal material residue detection, the traditional Chinese medicinal material pesticide residue detection device comprises an outer shell and an annular operation table mounted in the outer shell, and a conical grinding bin, a reagent storage tank and a spectrum detection instrument are sequentially arranged right above the annular operation table in the clockwise direction; three assembling grooves are formed in the annular operation table, a sample test tube is sleeved with each assembling groove, a gear assembly is installed at the bottom of the annular operation table, and the annular operation table is driven by the gear assembly to rotate intermittently; the three sample test tubes are sequentially switched to the positions under the conical grinding bin, the reagent storage tank and the spectrum detection instrument, continuous operation of traditional Chinese medicinal material residual liquid sampling, reaction reagent filling and spectrum detection is sequentially completed, multiple samples with gradually-increased concentrations are obtained through grinding pressure gradient regulation and control, the reagent filling amount is adjusted, and the detection accuracy is improved. The detection accuracy is comprehensively improved along with dynamic matching of sample concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine residue detection technology, specifically to a device for detecting pesticide residues in traditional Chinese medicine. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs are an important component of my country's traditional medicine, and their quality and safety directly affect the effectiveness and safety of clinical medication. However, in the cultivation of medicinal herbs, the use of pesticides is difficult to completely avoid in order to control pests and diseases and increase yield. If pesticide residues exceed national standards, it will not only affect the quality of medicinal herbs but may also enter the human body through the food chain, posing a potential threat to human health. Therefore, rapid, accurate, and efficient detection of pesticide residues in medicinal herbs is a crucial link in ensuring the quality and safety of medicinal herbs, regulating the market order of medicinal herbs, and promoting the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine. Among them, the enzyme inhibition rate colorimetric method is a commonly used rapid detection method for pesticide residues. Its principle is to add acetylcholinesterase reagent and chromogenic substrate, followed by optical detection. When the sample contains organophosphorus or carbamate pesticides, these pesticides will inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in a slower color reaction or a weaker color change. By comparing the change in absorbance of the sample after the reaction with the standard curve, the inhibition rate of pesticide residues can be calculated, thereby determining whether there are excessive pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials. This method has the advantages of simple operation, fast detection speed, and low cost. The traditional enzyme inhibition rate colorimetric detection process usually includes multiple steps such as sample pretreatment, mixing and reaction of enzyme reagent with sample, color development, and spectrophotometric measurement. When multiple sets of data need to be extracted, different samples need to be transferred to each operation area in sequence. This not only makes the operation process cumbersome and time-consuming, but also may result in residual liquid loss or contamination during sample transfer, further reducing detection efficiency and reliability. To address the aforementioned issues, this invention proposes a pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal herbs that integrates multiple operational steps such as sample processing, reagent dispensing, mixing reaction, and spectral detection for continuous operation. This device enables automated continuous detection, effectively reducing manual intervention and improving detection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention addresses the problem of overly simplistic solutions in existing technologies by providing a significantly different solution. Specifically, the present invention aims to provide a pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials, thereby solving the problems of cumbersome operation and long time consumption when detecting multiple samples as mentioned in the background.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials, comprising an outer shell and an annular operating platform installed inside the outer shell. A conical grinding chamber, a reagent storage tank, and a spectrometer are sequentially arranged clockwise above the annular operating platform. Three assembly slots are provided on the annular operating platform, and a sample tube is fitted into each assembly slot. A gear assembly is installed at the bottom of the annular operating platform, which drives the annular operating platform to rotate intermittently, thereby sequentially switching the three sample tubes to positions directly below the conical grinding chamber, the reagent storage tank, and the spectrometer, thus completing the continuous operation of sampling of pesticide residues from Chinese medicinal materials, adding reaction reagents, and performing spectroscopic detection.

[0005] Preferably, a main rotating shaft is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the annular operating table, and the two ends of the main rotating shaft are rotatably connected to the outer casing through bearings; The gear assembly includes a driven gear fixedly sleeved with the main shaft, and a driving gear meshing with the driven gear. The output shaft of the first motor is fixedly inserted into the middle of the driving gear. The driving gear is an incomplete gear.

[0006] Preferably, the conical grinding chamber includes a conical grinding wheel fitted inside the conical grinding chamber and a drive shaft inserted above the conical grinding wheel. One end of the drive shaft extends to the middle of the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel through a damping spring buffer. The other end of the drive shaft is fixedly installed with the output shaft of a second motor. A pipe is inserted into the bottom of the conical grinding chamber, and a solenoid valve is installed at the end of the pipe.

[0007] Preferably, a stirring rod is rotatably connected inside the sample tube, the bottom of the stirring rod extends through to the outer wall of the sample tube, and a small gear is fixedly sleeved on the bottom of the stirring rod. An external liquid level sensor is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sample tube.

[0008] Preferably, two protrusions are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the sample tube, an inlet is provided in the middle of the upper end face of the sample tube, and an arc-shaped toothed rack is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the outer shell. The arc-shaped toothed rack is installed between the reagent storage tank and the spectrometer.

[0009] Preferably, an annular pressure rod is fixedly connected to the top of the main rotating shaft. The annular pressure rod is spiral-shaped, and the edge of the annular pressure rod is attached to the upper surface of the conical grinding wheel.

[0010] Preferably, a sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reagent storage tank, and the reagent storage tank and the sealing sleeve are interconnected. A movable plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sealing sleeve. A drain pipe passes through the bottom of the sealing sleeve. The lower end of the drain pipe is a conical surface, and the upper end of the drain pipe passes through the movable plate and extends to the top of the sealing sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve is divided into an upper chamber and a lower chamber by a movable plate, and the side curved surface of the drain pipe is provided with a plurality of drain grooves.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting rod passes through the middle of the drain pipe, a return spring is sleeved on the upper half of the limiting rod, the top of the limiting rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reagent storage tank through a crossbar, and sealing plugs are fixedly connected to the middle and bottom of the limiting rod. Two vertical rods are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable plate, the top of the vertical rod passes through a sealing sleeve and a crossbar, and is fixedly connected by a connecting rod. The piston rod of a small cylinder is threadedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting rod.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention provides a pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials that can integrate multiple operation steps such as sample processing, reagent dispensing, mixing reaction and spectral detection for continuous operation. The device uses a ring-shaped operating table with gear assembly to rotate intermittently and precisely control the three sample tubes to switch sequentially to the conical grinding chamber, reagent storage tank and under the spectral detection instrument to complete each stage of operation. The whole process does not require manual transfer of samples, reducing sample loss and pesticide degradation risk, and improving detection efficiency and repeatability. This invention introduces a grinding intensity gradient control mechanism in the sampling process, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-intensity grinding. By gradually pressing down the conical grinding wheel with the rotation of the main shaft using a spiral ring pressure rod, the grinding gap is dynamically adjusted from large to small. This allows for the application of initial, medium, and high-pressure triple grinding intensities in different batches. This structure enables the free, shallowly bound, and deeply bound pesticides in Chinese medicinal materials to be released in stages and at different levels, obtaining three groups of residual liquid samples with progressively increasing concentrations. This multi-dimensional sampling method improves the integrity of pesticide extraction and provides crucial multi-dimensional data support for the accuracy of detection results. Furthermore, to address the differences in sample concentration obtained at different grinding stages, this invention designs a reagent storage and quantitative discharge system based on a movable plate adjustment. This system achieves dynamic matching between reagent dispensing volume and sample concentration. A small cylinder drives a connecting rod to move the movable plate up and down within a sealed sleeve, flexibly adjusting the volume of the lower chamber. This controls the total amount of reagent accumulated each time the liquid is discharged, ensuring that the reagent dispensing volume increases accordingly with increasing sample concentration. This ensures that the concentration ratio of reagent to residual sample liquid in the reaction system is always within the optimal reaction range, avoiding the problem of incomplete reaction due to excessively high concentration affecting the color development effect. In addition, an automatic stirring function is implemented during sample transfer. A small gear is installed at the bottom of the sample tube. As it rotates with the ring operating table and passes through the area between the reagent storage tank and the spectrometer, the small gear gradually meshes with the arc-shaped rack fixed on the outer shell and rolls forward. This process drives the stirring rod to rotate synchronously inside the tube, continuously stirring and mixing the added residual liquid and reaction reagents. The stirring operation is completed by making full use of the device's own movement trajectory, avoiding detection errors caused by uneven mixing of reagents and samples. This ensures that the sample tube is fully mixed before it moves to the bottom of the spectrometer, providing a uniform and stable reaction system for subsequent spectroscopic detection. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the conical grinding chamber, reagent storage tank, and spectroscopic detection instrument of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical grinding chamber and the conical grinding wheel after disassembly.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the conical grinding wheel of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped rack structure after cross-section of the outer shell of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the arc-shaped rack of the present invention is connected with the pinion of the sample test tube.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the reagent storage tank of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after the drain pipe and the limiting rod are separated.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a comparison diagram of the drain pipe of the present invention in the low position and the high position.

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sample test tube of the present invention.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Annular operating table; 3. Conical grinding chamber; 301. Conical grinding wheel; 302. Drive shaft; 303. Damping spring buffer; 304. Second motor; 4. Reagent storage tank; 401. Sealing sleeve; 402. Movable plate; 403. Drain pipe; 404. Sealing plug; 405. Upper chamber; 406. Lower chamber; 407. Limiting rod; 408. Return spring; 409. Vertical rod; 4010. Small cylinder; 5. Spectrometer; 6. Sample tube; 601. Stirring rod; 602. Pinion; 603. External liquid level sensor; 604. Protrusion; 605. Liquid inlet; 7. Main rotating shaft; 8. Driven gear; 9. Driving gear; 10. First motor; 11. Arc rack; 12. Annular pressure rod. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 10 This invention provides a technical solution: a pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials, including an outer shell 1 and an annular operating platform 2 installed inside the outer shell 1. A conical grinding chamber 3, a reagent storage tank 4, and a spectrometer 5 are arranged sequentially in a clockwise direction on the top of the annular operating platform 2. The annular operating platform 2 has three assembly slots, and a sample tube 6 is fitted into each assembly slot. A gear assembly is installed at the bottom of the annular operating platform 2. The gear assembly drives the annular operating platform 2 to rotate intermittently, so that the three sample tubes 6 are sequentially switched to the position directly below the conical grinding chamber 3, the reagent storage tank 4, and the spectrometer 5, thereby completing the continuous operation of sampling of Chinese medicinal material residue, adding reaction reagents, and spectrometer detection in sequence.

[0027] The gear assembly sequentially transports three samples to the conical grinding chamber 3, reagent storage tank 4, and below the spectrometer 5. Corresponding to different workflows, the device integrates grinding, extraction, reagent addition, and detection into one unit, eliminating the need for manual sample transfer and reducing the risk of pesticide degradation and sample loss.

[0028] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, a main rotating shaft 7 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the annular operating table 2, and the two ends of the main rotating shaft 7 are rotatably connected to the outer casing 1 through bearings. The gear assembly includes a driven gear 8 fixedly sleeved with the main rotating shaft 7, and a driving gear 9 meshing with the driven gear 8. The output shaft of the first motor 10 is fixedly inserted into the middle of the driving gear 9. The driving gear 9 is an incomplete gear. It should be noted that the first motor 10 drives the drive gear 9 to rotate at a constant speed, and the drive gear 9 drives the driven gear 8 and the main shaft 7 to rotate, thereby driving the ring-shaped operating table 2 to rotate. Among them, the driving gear 9 is an incomplete gear. Each time the toothed side of the driving gear 9 meshes with the driven gear 8, it drives the driven gear 8 to rotate a certain angle. When the toothless side of the driving gear 9 is opposite the driven gear 8, the driven gear 8 and the annular operating table 2 are in a stationary state. Since the annular operating table 2 has three assembly slots, which are spaced apart, the included angle between the first and second assembly slots is 90°, and the included angle between the second and third assembly slots is 90°. By setting the ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear 8 to the number of teeth of the toothed part of the driving gear 9, the driven gear 8 drives the annular operating table 2 to rotate 90° for every one revolution of the driving gear 9. This enables the sample tube 6 to switch precisely and intermittently under the conical grinding chamber 3, the reagent storage tank 4, and the spectrometer 5, ensuring that the working time of each station is sufficient and stable, and avoiding the problem of insufficient sample processing due to continuous rotation.

[0029] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 10 As shown, the conical grinding chamber 3 includes a conical grinding wheel 301 fitted inside the conical grinding chamber 3, and a drive shaft 302 inserted above the conical grinding wheel 301. One end of the drive shaft 302 extends to the middle of the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel 301 and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel 301 through a damping spring buffer 303. The other end of the drive shaft 302 is fixedly installed with the output shaft of the second motor 304. A pipe is inserted into the bottom of the conical grinding chamber 3, and a solenoid valve is installed at the end of the pipe. A stirring rod 601 is rotatably connected inside the sample tube 6. The bottom of the stirring rod 601 extends through to the outer wall of the sample tube 6, and a small gear 602 is fixedly sleeved on the bottom of the stirring rod 601. An external liquid level sensor 603 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sample tube 6. Two protrusions 604 are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the sample tube 6. An inlet 605 is opened in the middle of the upper end face of the sample tube 6. An arc-shaped toothed rack 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the outer shell 1. The arc-shaped toothed rack 11 is installed between the reagent storage tank 4 and the spectrometer 5. It should be noted that an opening is provided on the front of the outer shell 1, and an arc-shaped door panel is slidably connected to the opening. By opening the door panel, the assembly and removal of the sample tube 6 can begin. The position of the sample tube 6 is fixed by the protrusions 604 on both sides of the sample tube 6 to prevent the sample tube 6 from shaking during the rotation of the circular operating table 2. After the first sample tube 6 is assembled, the ring-shaped operating table 2 rotates 90° clockwise under the drive of the gear assembly, causing the first sample tube 6 to rotate to the bottom of the conical grinding chamber 3. At this time, the first assembly slot is rotated to the opening on the front of the outer shell 1, and the second sample tube 6 can be installed in the second assembly slot. In this way, the assembly and processing of three sample tubes 6 can be realized, which greatly improves the continuity of sample loading. Among them, the conical grinding chamber 3 is the first step in processing Chinese medicinal material samples. When it is necessary to grind the Chinese medicinal material samples, the operator can add the Chinese medicinal material samples to be tested into the conical grinding chamber 3 from the top of the conical grinding chamber 3, and inject a certain amount of buffer solution at the same time. The total dose of the buffer solution must ensure that it can extract samples at least three times. The second motor 304 is started, and its output shaft drives the drive shaft 302 to rotate. The drive shaft 302 is inserted into the conical grinding wheel 301. A protrusion is provided on one side of the drive shaft 302, and the protrusion is completely embedded in the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel 301. The rotation of the drive shaft 302 drives the conical grinding wheel 301 to rotate synchronously. Several grinding balls are set on the outer wall of the conical grinding wheel 301. The Chinese herbal medicine sample is squeezed and ground in the gap between the conical grinding wheel 301 and the inner wall of the conical grinding chamber 3. The plant tissue inside the herbal medicine is fully broken. After the sample is soaked in the buffer solution, the free and shallowly bound pesticides are released into the buffer solution. After grinding is completed, the solenoid valve on the bottom pipe of the conical grinding chamber 3 is opened, and the residual liquid of the ground Chinese medicinal materials flows into the inlet 605 of the sample tube 6 located directly below the conical grinding chamber 3 through the pipe. The external liquid level sensor 603 on the outer wall of the sample tube 6 monitors the liquid level in the tube in real time. When the liquid level reaches the preset sampling amount, the external liquid level sensor 603 sends a signal to the main controller to control the solenoid valve to close and stop the discharge, so as to achieve accurate sampling. When this control structure is assembled inside the spectrometer 5, it can be controlled by the touch screen on the top of the spectrometer 5. Individual components such as the solenoid valve, the external liquid level sensor 603, the main controller, the spectrometer integration, and the touch screen control, as well as simple combinations thereof, are all existing technologies and have been widely used in industrial automation, laboratory equipment, medical instruments and other fields. In addition, a filter screen is provided at the junction of the upper end face of the pipe and the conical grinding chamber 3. The sample residue passes through the filter screen to prevent medicinal particles from entering the sample test tube 6 and to ensure the purity of the residual liquid. After the first sample tube 6 is sampled, the toothed side of the driving gear 9 meshes with the driven gear 8 again, transferring the first sample tube 6 to the next station for operation. At this time, the bottom of the conical grinding chamber 3 begins to receive the second sample tube 6, and the second batch of residual liquid samples is sampled, realizing continuous sampling of multiple sets of samples. Furthermore, for example Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, an arc-shaped rack 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the outer casing 1. The arc-shaped rack 11 is installed between the reagent storage tank 4 and the spectrometer 5. After the sample tube 6 is filled with chemical reagents through the reagent storage tank 4, as the annular operating table 2 continues to rotate and transfer, the small gear 602 at the bottom of the sample tube 6 will gradually mesh with the arc-shaped rack 11. When the small gear 602 rolls along the arc-shaped rack 11, it will drive the stirring rod 601 to rotate synchronously inside the sample tube 6, thereby fully mixing the sample residue and the reaction reagents, accelerating the reaction process, making full use of the device's own movement trajectory to complete the stirring operation, avoiding detection errors caused by uneven mixing of reagents and samples, and ensuring that the sample tube 6 is fully mixed before it moves to the bottom of the spectrometer 5, providing a uniform and stable reaction system for subsequent spectrometer detection.

[0030] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, an annular pressure rod 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the main rotating shaft 7. The annular pressure rod 12 is spiral in shape, and the edge of the annular pressure rod 12 is attached to the upper surface of the conical grinding wheel 301. It should be noted that during the first batch of sampling, the highest point of the annular pressure bar 12 contacts the upper surface of the conical grinding wheel 301. When the second batch of sampling begins, the annular pressure bar 12 rotates synchronously. Since the annular pressure bar 12 has a spiral structure, its height gradually decreases with rotation. At this time, the pressure of the edge of the annular pressure bar 12 on the upper surface of the conical grinding wheel 301 gradually increases. The conical grinding wheel 301 moves downward along the axial direction of the drive shaft 302. The position of the drive shaft 302 remains unchanged. The conical grinding wheel 301 moves downward, and the damping spring buffer 303 is stretched. The damping spring buffer 303 mainly provides elastic potential energy for the subsequent reset of the conical grinding wheel 301. As the conical grinding wheel 301 gradually moves downward, the gap between it and the inner wall of the conical grinding chamber 3 gradually decreases. The squeezing force and friction of the grinding ball on the sample gradually increase, squeezing the deep tissues of the medicinal material and releasing more bound pesticides. Combined with the continuous wetting of the buffer solution, the extended contact time, and the progressively increasing pressure, the pesticides in the medicinal material are ensured to be fully extracted, ultimately yielding multiple batches of residual liquid samples with increasing concentration gradients. These samples are mainly divided into the following three types: First batch: initial pressure, extracting free and a small amount of shallowly bound pesticides; Second batch: medium pressure, increased grinding pressure, more complete cell wall rupture, extraction of most of the shallow bound state and some of the deep bound state pesticides; The third batch: under high pressure, the grinding gap is minimized, the intercellular matrix is ​​torn apart, and the deeply bound pesticides are fully released. The gradient change trend of the three sets of data directly reflects the distribution pattern of pesticides in different tissue layers of medicinal materials, avoiding the missed detection of deep residues. When comparing multiple sets of data, it breaks through the limitations of traditional single measurement and single concentration samples, and can more realistically reflect the actual situation of pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials from the perspective of pesticide occurrence and distribution, providing key multi-dimensional data support for the accuracy of the test results. In this embodiment, as Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a sealing sleeve 401 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the reagent storage tank 4, and the reagent storage tank 4 and the sealing sleeve 401 are interconnected. A movable plate 402 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the sealing sleeve 401. A drain pipe 403 passes through the bottom of the sealing sleeve 401. The lower end of the drain pipe 403 is a conical surface, and the upper end of the drain pipe 403 passes through the movable plate 402 and extends to the top of the sealing sleeve 401. The inner cavity of the sealing sleeve 401 is divided into an upper chamber 405 and a lower chamber 406 by a movable plate 402, and the side curved surface of the drain pipe 403 is provided with several drain grooves. A limiting rod 407 passes through the middle of the drain pipe 403. A return spring 408 is sleeved on the upper half of the limiting rod 407. The top of the limiting rod 407 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reagent storage tank 4 through a crossbar. Sealing plugs 404 are fixedly connected to the middle and bottom of the limiting rod 407. Two vertical rods 409 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable plate 402. The top of the vertical rod 409 passes through the sealing sleeve 401 and the crossbar and is fixedly connected by a connecting rod. The piston rod of a small cylinder 4010 is threadedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting rod. It should be noted that the reagent storage tank 4 stores quantitatively proportioned chemical reaction reagents, including but not limited to enzyme reagents and colorimetric reagents commonly used in pesticide residue detection. These reaction reagents are mixed in the storage tank according to preset ratios and concentrations to ensure that they can directly and accurately react with the Chinese herbal medicine residue liquid in the sample tube 6 during the dispensing process. Among them, the enzyme reagent adopts a low-temperature stable formula, which can maintain its activity for a long time in a storage environment of 2-8℃, avoiding the impact of reagent failure on the accuracy of the detection results. The colorimetric reagent is a highly sensitive azo compound, which, after undergoing a specific colorimetric reaction with pesticide residues, can produce a significant change in absorbance at a specific wavelength of the spectrometer 5, which is convenient for subsequent quantitative analysis. It should be noted that the drain pipe 403, which passes through the bottom of the sealing sleeve 401, has a conical lower end face. The reagent storage tank 4 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 1, and its height remains unchanged. The position of the internal crossbar remains unchanged. The height of the drain pipe 403 moves dynamically with the rotation of the annular operating table 2. Specifically, when the sample tube 6 is not in contact with the drain tube 403, the lower end face of the drain tube 403 is always in contact with the surface of the annular operating table 2. At this time, the drain tube 403 is in a high position, the return spring 408 is compressed, and the sealing plug 404 at the bottom of the limiting rod 407 blocks the opening of the lower end face of the drain tube 403, forming a bottom seal. At the same time, the sealing plug 404 in the middle disengages from the top of the drain tube 403, the top opening of the drain tube 403 opens, and the side curved surface of the drain tube 403... The entire drain tank is located in the lower chamber 406 of the sealing sleeve 401. The reaction reagent in the reagent storage tank 4 can gradually permeate into the drain pipe 403 through the top opening of the drain pipe 403. When the drain tank is opened for liquid inlet operation, the reagent in the drain pipe 403 will gradually permeate into the lower chamber 406 from the drain tank, but cannot be discharged. It is in the reagent accumulation stage. The total amount of accumulated reagent is the total volume of the drain pipe 403 and the total volume of the lower chamber 406, which prepares for subsequent discharge. Similarly, when the annular operating platform 2 rotates the sample tube 6 to directly below the reagent storage tank 4, the top inlet 605 of the sample tube 6 corresponds precisely to the conical lower end face of the drain pipe 403. At this time, the top inlet 605 of the sample tube 6 allows the drain pipe 403 to move downwards, releasing the elastic potential energy stored in the return spring 408, squeezing the drain pipe 403 downwards. The drain pipe 403 gradually begins to move to a lower position, and the conical lower end face of the drain pipe 403 gradually embeds into the inlet of the sample tube 6. Inside port 605, during the downward movement of drain pipe 403, the sealing plug 404 at the bottom of the limiting rod 407 is misaligned with the opening on the lower end face of drain pipe 403, opening the lower end face opening. At the same time, the sealing plug 404 in the middle re-blocks the top opening of drain pipe 403, cutting off the connection between reagent storage tank 4 and drain pipe 403. The drain tank starts the draining operation, and the reagent in lower chamber 406 enters drain pipe 403 through drain tank and is simultaneously discharged into sample tube 6 along with the reagent in drain pipe 403. The drain tank is always located in the lower chamber 406, ensuring that the reagents in the lower chamber 406 can continuously flow with the drain pipe 403 through the drain tank, whether in the draining or storage stage. In addition, the upper end face of the sample tube 6 is designed as a gradually concave slope. When docking with the drain tube 403, the drain tube 403 moves down gradually along the slope of the upper end face of the sample tube 6. The release process of the reset spring 408 is gradual and will not be released suddenly, which further ensures the stability of the docking process between the drain tube 403 and the liquid inlet 605 of the sample tube 6. In addition, two vertical rods 409 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable plate 402. The top of the vertical rods 409 passes through the sealing sleeve 401 and the horizontal rod, and is fixedly connected by a connecting rod. The piston rod of the small cylinder 4010 is threadedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting rod. The filling volume parameters can be set by the touch screen above the spectral detection instrument 5. After the main controller receives the command, it drives the piston rod of the small cylinder 4010 to extend and retract. The piston rod drives the connecting rod and the vertical rod 409 to move, thereby adjusting the initial position of the movable plate 402 in the sealing sleeve 401. The change in the position of the movable plate 402 directly adjusts the volume of the lower chamber 406. For example, when the injection volume needs to be increased, the piston rod of the small cylinder 4010 retracts, causing the connecting rod and vertical rod 409 to move upward. The movable plate 402 moves upward accordingly, increasing the space of the lower chamber 406 and increasing the total amount of reagent accumulated, thereby achieving precise control of the single injection dosage. Conversely, when the injection volume needs to be reduced, the piston rod extends, the movable plate 402 moves downward, the volume of the lower chamber 406 shrinks, and the amount of reagent accumulated decreases accordingly. During multiple sampling processes, the movable plate 402 is controlled to move upward gradually. During batch sampling, the total concentration of Chinese medicinal materials in different batches increases in a gradient. When adding reagent to test tubes 6 of different batches of samples, the volume of the lower chamber 406 is gradually increased, so that the reagent injection volume increases accordingly with the increase of sample concentration. This ensures that the concentration ratio of reagent to sample residue in the reaction system is always in the optimal reaction range, avoiding the problem of incomplete reaction due to excessive concentration affecting the color development effect. The first batch of samples consists of free pesticides extracted under initial pressure, with a low concentration. At this time, the movable plate 402 is at its lowest position, and the lower chamber 406 has the smallest volume. The second batch of samples consists of shallowly bound pesticides extracted under medium pressure, with a slightly higher concentration. The movable plate 402 moves upward a certain distance towards the upper chamber 405, increasing the overall volume of the lower chamber 406, and the dosage of reagent added increases accordingly. The third batch of samples consists of deeply bound pesticides extracted under high pressure, with the highest concentration. The movable plate 402 continues to move upward, and the volume of the lower chamber 406 reaches its maximum, allowing the maximum dosage of reagent to be added, thus achieving dynamic matching between the reagent dosage and the sample concentration.

[0031] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials, comprising an outer shell (1) and an annular operating platform (2) installed inside the outer shell (1), wherein a conical grinding chamber (3), a reagent storage tank (4), and a spectrometer (5) are arranged sequentially in a clockwise direction directly above the annular operating platform (2), characterized in that: The circular operating table (2) has three assembly slots, and each assembly slot is fitted with a sample tube (6). The bottom of the circular operating table (2) is equipped with a gear assembly. The gear assembly drives the circular operating table (2) to rotate intermittently, so that the three sample tubes (6) are switched to the position directly below the conical grinding chamber (3), the reagent storage tank (4) and the spectrometer (5) in sequence, so as to complete the continuous operation of sampling of Chinese medicinal material residue, adding reaction reagents and spectrometer detection in sequence.

2. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main rotating shaft (7) is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the annular operating table (2), and the two ends of the main rotating shaft (7) are rotatably connected to the outer shell (1) through bearings. The gear assembly includes a driven gear (8) fixedly sleeved with the main shaft (7) and a driving gear (9) meshing with the driven gear (8). The output shaft of the first motor (10) is fixedly inserted into the middle of the driving gear (9). The driving gear (9) is an incomplete gear.

3. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical grinding chamber (3) includes a conical grinding wheel (301) fitted inside the conical grinding chamber (3) and a drive shaft (302) inserted above the conical grinding wheel (301). One end of the drive shaft (302) extends to the middle of the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel (301) and is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical grinding wheel (301) through a damping spring buffer (303). The other end of the drive shaft (302) is fixedly installed with the output shaft of a second motor (304). A pipe is inserted into the bottom of the conical grinding chamber (3), and a solenoid valve is installed at the end of the pipe.

4. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample tube (6) is rotatably connected to a stirring rod (601). The bottom of the stirring rod (601) extends through to the outer wall of the sample tube (6), and a small gear (602) is fixedly sleeved on the bottom of the stirring rod (601). An external liquid level sensor (603) is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sample tube (6).

5. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two protrusions (604) are fixedly connected to the top two sides of the sample tube (6). An inlet (605) is opened in the middle of the upper end face of the sample tube (6). An arc-shaped toothed rack (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the outer shell (1). The arc-shaped toothed rack (11) is installed between the reagent storage tank (4) and the spectrometer (5).

6. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 2, characterized in that: The top of the main rotating shaft (7) is fixedly connected to an annular pressure rod (12), which is spiral in shape, and the edge of the annular pressure rod (12) is attached to the upper surface of the conical grinding wheel (301).

7. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the reagent storage tank (4) is fixedly connected to a sealing sleeve (401), and the reagent storage tank (4) and the sealing sleeve (401) are interconnected. The inner wall of the sealing sleeve (401) is slidably connected to a movable plate (402). The bottom of the sealing sleeve (401) is penetrated by a drain pipe (403). The lower end of the drain pipe (403) is a conical surface, and the upper end of the drain pipe (403) penetrates the movable plate (402) and extends to the top of the sealing sleeve (401).

8. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the sealing sleeve (401) is divided into an upper chamber (405) and a lower chamber (406) by a movable plate (402), and the side curved surface of the drain pipe (403) is provided with a number of drain grooves.

9. The pesticide residue detection device for Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 8, characterized in that: A limiting rod (407) passes through the middle of the drain pipe (403). A return spring (408) is sleeved on the upper half of the limiting rod (407). The top of the limiting rod (407) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reagent storage tank (4) through a crossbar. Sealing plugs (404) are fixedly connected to the middle and bottom of the limiting rod (407). Two vertical rods (409) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable plate (402). The top of the vertical rod (409) passes through the sealing sleeve (401) and the crossbar, and is fixedly connected by a connecting rod. The piston rod of a small cylinder (4010) is threadedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting rod.

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