Design method of wind power plant booster station building roof photovoltaic integrated drainage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind power plant booster station building roof photovoltaic integrated drainage system design method which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting first parameter information of a building roof, and establishing a first three-dimensional geometric model of the building roof through three-dimensional design software; s2, setting second parameter information of the photovoltaic module, and establishing a second three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module through three-dimensional design software; s3, performing simulation arrangement on the second three-dimensional geometric model on the first three-dimensional geometric model, and determining the position of each photovoltaic module, the first inclination angle and the spacing between the photovoltaic modules; s4, designing a drainage gap between two adjacent photovoltaic modules, and determining the width of the drainage gap; s5, establishing a drainage channel model, and determining the layout, the second inclination angle and the section shape of the drainage channel and the connection mode of the drainage channel and the drainage gap; and S6, setting simulation parameter conditions, and simulating and calculating the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above step by using computational fluid dynamics software.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy building technology, and in particular to a design method for an integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building. Background Technology

[0002] With the booming development of renewable energy, wind farms, as one of the important sources of clean energy, are continuously expanding in scale. As a key component of wind farms, substations are responsible for boosting the voltage of the electricity generated by wind turbines before transmitting it to the power grid. In the construction of wind farm substations, the rational utilization of roof space and the effectiveness of the drainage system are crucial.

[0003] Traditional wind farm booster station buildings typically design and install the photovoltaic system and drainage system separately. For the drainage system, most adopt conventional gravity drainage methods, guiding rainwater into drainage pipes by creating a slope on the building roof. However, this traditional drainage system has many shortcomings.

[0004] Firstly, from the perspective of building rooftop space utilization, the independent drainage system occupies a certain amount of rooftop area, thus reducing the space available for installing photovoltaic modules. In today's increasingly scarce land resources, especially in locations like wind farm substations where space utilization efficiency is crucial, this undoubtedly represents a waste of resources. Furthermore, because the drainage system and the photovoltaic system are independent, the installation of photovoltaic modules may require adjustments or relocation of the drainage facilities, increasing construction difficulty and costs.

[0005] Secondly, traditional drainage systems have limited drainage capacity. During extreme rainfall events, such as torrential rain or continuous heavy downpours, drainage pipes are prone to blockages or even stagnation, leading to water accumulation on rooftops. Prolonged water accumulation on building roofs not only increases the load on the roof structure and affects its lifespan, but can also damage the photovoltaic modules installed on the roof. For example, water may seep into the photovoltaic modules, causing electrical faults, reducing their power generation efficiency, and in severe cases, even rendering the modules unusable, resulting in significant economic losses for the wind farm.

[0006] Furthermore, separate drainage and photovoltaic systems are more expensive to construct and maintain. During construction, separate investments are required for the design, material procurement, and installation of both systems, increasing overall construction costs. In later maintenance, different professionals are needed to maintain each system, resulting in higher costs. Additionally, because the two systems are relatively independent, interference may occur during maintenance, further complicating the process.

[0007] In summary, traditional wind farm substation roof drainage systems suffer from problems such as unreasonable use of roof space, insufficient drainage capacity, and high construction and maintenance costs, urgently requiring a new design approach to address these issues. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The main objective of this application is to provide a design method for an integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm substation, in order to solve the problems of unreasonable roof space utilization, insufficient drainage capacity, and high construction and maintenance costs in the existing wind farm substation roof drainage system.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: A design method for an integrated drainage system for a rooftop photovoltaic system in a wind farm substation includes the following steps: S1. Collect the first parameter information of the building roof and establish the first three-dimensional geometric model of the building roof using three-dimensional design software; S2. Set the second parameter information of the photovoltaic module, and establish the second three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module using the three-dimensional design software; S3. Simulate the arrangement of the second three-dimensional geometric model on the first three-dimensional geometric model to determine the position of each photovoltaic module, the first tilt angle, and the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. S4. Design a drainage gap between two adjacent photovoltaic modules and determine the width of the drainage gap; S5. Establish a drainage channel model and determine the layout, second inclination angle, cross-sectional shape, and connection method with the drainage gap of the drainage channel; S6. Set the simulation parameters and conditions, and use computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps.

[0010] As a further improvement to this application, in step S1: Collect first parameter information of the building roof, including the length, width, slope of the building roof, and structural features that affect rainwater flow, including protrusions, depressions, or foundations for installing photovoltaic equipment; During modeling, for irregularly shaped building roofs, they are divided into multiple regular geometric shapes for modeling to ensure the accuracy of the first three-dimensional geometric model.

[0011] As a further improvement to this application, in step S2, the second parameter information of the photovoltaic module is set, including the following steps: S21. Based on the measured length, width, and thickness of the photovoltaic module, set the size parameters of the photovoltaic module; S22. Set the reflectivity of the photovoltaic module according to its material and surface coating; S23. Based on the surface treatment process of the photovoltaic module, set the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the photovoltaic module.

[0012] As a further improvement to this application, in step S3, determining the first tilt angle of the photovoltaic module includes the following steps: S311. Based on the latitude and longitude of the geographical location and meteorological data output by the wind farm booster station, the first tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module are initially set; S312. Using solar radiation analysis software, input the local solar radiation, sunshine duration, and solar altitude angle to simulate the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different first tilt angles and azimuth angles, and determine the optimal first tilt angle of the photovoltaic module.

[0013] As a further improvement to this application, in step S3, determining the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules includes the following steps: S321. Calculate the layout density of the photovoltaic modules on the building roof, where the layout density is the ratio of the area covered by the photovoltaic modules to the total area of ​​the building roof; S322. Based on the layout density, set the row spacing and column spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules.

[0014] As a further improvement to this application, step S4, determining the width of the drainage gap, includes the following steps: S41. The width of the drainage gap at different locations is set according to the slope of the building roof, so that the width gradually increases from the high side to the low side of the building roof. S42. The width of the drainage gap is set according to the rainfall intensity in the area where the wind farm booster station is located, so that the drainage gap can quickly collect a large amount of rainwater and prevent rainwater from staying on the surface of the photovoltaic module for a long time.

[0015] As a further improvement to this application, step S5, determining the layout of the drainage channel, includes the following steps: S511. Determining the location of the drainage channel based on the geometry and slope of the building roof, including: For a rectangular single-slope building roof, drainage channels are provided around the four edges of the building roof, and the height of the drainage channels is lower than the plane of the building roof. For irregularly shaped multi-sloped building roofs, analyze the natural convergence path of rainwater and set the drainage channels on key confluence lines to ensure effective collection of rainwater from each area. S512. Determine the direction of the drainage channel based on the layout of the photovoltaic modules, including: If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in rows and columns, the drainage channel is set parallel to the row and column direction of the photovoltaic modules, so that the end of the drainage gap is aligned with the drainage channel; If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in an alternating pattern, the direction of the drainage channel is designed according to the staggered pattern of the drainage gaps between the photovoltaic modules to ensure the continuity of drainage.

[0016] As a further improvement to this application, step S5, determining the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel, includes the following steps: S521. Based on the drainage capacity of the drainage channel, the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel is initially determined; S522. Based on the preliminarily determined different cross-sectional shapes, calculate the cross-sectional area and hydraulic radius corresponding to the different cross-sectional shapes; S523. Calculate the drainage flow rate of each cross-sectional shape corresponding to the drainage channel based on the second inclination angle, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage and the hydraulic radius. S524. Match the calculated drainage flow rate of each cross-sectional shape with the designed rainwater flow rate of the building roof to determine the optimal cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel.

[0017] As a further improvement to this application, step S6, setting the simulation parameter conditions, includes the following steps: S611. Set boundary condition parameters, including: The edge of the building roof is set as the drainage boundary, and a free outflow boundary condition is set according to the actual drainage situation. The location where the drainage channel connects to the drainage gap between the photovoltaic module is set as the flow inlet boundary condition; The surface of the photovoltaic module is set to a no-slip boundary condition, so that when rainwater comes into contact with the surface of the photovoltaic module, the flow velocity at the surface is zero; S612. Set rainfall condition parameters, including: Based on the historical rainfall data obtained locally at the wind farm's booster station, the intensity of rainstorms under different return periods is extracted as the rainfall boundary condition; Based on the local rainfall characteristics and actual drainage needs of the wind farm's booster station, rainfall duration boundary conditions are set.

[0018] As a further improvement to this application, in step S6, computational fluid dynamics software is used to simulate and calculate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps, including the following steps: S621. The drainage system model is meshed, and the space of the drainage system model is discretized into many small mesh units; S622. Select a suitable turbulence model in the computational fluid dynamics software, and simulate the flow of rainwater on the drainage system model step by step according to the set simulation parameter conditions. S623. Based on the simulation results, analyze the flow pattern, flow rate and velocity of rainwater in the drainage system model, as well as the water accumulation. S624. Based on the analysis results, redesign the drainage system model.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: First, the design method of this application organically integrates photovoltaic modules and drainage systems. By optimizing the tilt angle, arrangement, and spacing of the photovoltaic modules, and by tightly integrating drainage gaps and channels between the modules, an integrated design of photovoltaic modules and drainage systems is achieved. This changes the traditional layout of independent photovoltaic and drainage systems on the rooftop of wind farm substations, allowing for more rational use of the space previously occupied by independently installed drainage systems. The design method of this invention indirectly reduces the need for additional land resources by efficiently utilizing building rooftop space. It avoids increased land acquisition costs and damage to the surrounding ecological environment caused by expanding the land area, achieving intensive use of land resources.

[0020] Secondly, the design method of the present invention significantly improves the water carrying capacity of the drainage channel by optimizing the layout, inclination angle, cross-sectional shape and connection method with the drainage gap, effectively copes with extreme rainfall weather, ensures that there is no water accumulation on the roof under severe conditions such as rainstorms, greatly reduces the risk of roof structure damage due to water accumulation, and extends the service life of building roof.

[0021] Finally, by integrating the photovoltaic modules and drainage system through the design method of this application, the redundant construction work of the photovoltaic modules and drainage system is eliminated, significantly reducing the material and labor costs that would otherwise be incurred for the separate installation of the photovoltaic system and drainage system. Furthermore, it facilitates simultaneous construction of the photovoltaic modules and drainage system, avoiding mutual interference and coordination costs between the construction of different systems. The integration of photovoltaic modules and drainage system through the design method of this application eliminates the need for maintenance personnel to frequently switch between two independent systems during inspections and maintenance, greatly improving work efficiency and reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the design steps of the integrated photovoltaic drainage system for the rooftop of a wind farm booster station as described in this application.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of setting the second parameter information of the photovoltaic modules in step S2 of the design method for the rooftop photovoltaic integrated drainage system of the wind farm booster station of this application.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the method steps for determining the first tilt angle of the photovoltaic module in step S3 of this application.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of determining the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules in step S3 of the design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building in this application.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps for determining the width of the drainage gap in step S4 of the design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building in this application.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps for determining the layout of drainage channels in step S5 of the design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station in this application.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of determining the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel in step S5 of the design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station in this application.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of setting simulation parameter conditions in step S6 of the design method for the rooftop photovoltaic integrated drainage system of the wind farm booster station in this application.

[0030] Figure 9 The flowchart illustrates the steps of step S6 in the design method of the photovoltaic integrated drainage system on the roof of the wind farm booster station of this application, which uses computational fluid dynamics software to simulate and calculate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0032] like Figure 1As shown, this application discloses a design method for an integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station, comprising the following steps: S1. Collect the first parameter information of the building roof and establish the first three-dimensional geometric model of the building roof using three-dimensional design software; S2. Set the second parameter information of the photovoltaic module and establish the second three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module using three-dimensional design software; S3. Simulate the arrangement of the second three-dimensional geometric model on the first three-dimensional geometric model to determine the position of each photovoltaic module, the first tilt angle, and the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. S4. Design a drainage gap between two adjacent photovoltaic modules and determine the width of the drainage gap; S5. Establish a drainage channel model and determine the layout, second inclination angle, cross-sectional shape, and connection method with the drainage gap of the drainage channel. S6. Set the simulation parameters and conditions, and use computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps.

[0033] This application's design method organically integrates photovoltaic modules and drainage systems through 3D modeling software, forming a unified drainage system model. Computational fluid dynamics software is then used to simulate the flow of this model. By optimizing the tilt angle, arrangement, and spacing of the photovoltaic modules, and by tightly integrating drainage gaps and channels between the modules, an integrated design of the photovoltaic modules and drainage system is achieved. This changes the traditional layout where rooftop photovoltaic and drainage systems in wind farm substations are independent, allowing for more efficient use of the space previously occupied by a separate drainage system.

[0034] By optimizing the layout, tilt angle, cross-sectional shape, and connection method with the drainage gap of the drainage channel, the water carrying capacity of the drainage channel is significantly improved, effectively coping with extreme rainfall weather, ensuring that there is no water accumulation on the roof under severe conditions such as rainstorms, greatly reducing the risk of roof structure damage due to water accumulation, and extending the service life of the building roof.

[0035] The following will elaborate on the above implementation steps through specific technical implementation methods: like Figure 1 As shown, in step S1 of this application: When collecting initial parameter information for the building roof, detailed roof drawings can be obtained from the design documents of the wind farm's booster station. These drawings include floor plans, sections, and detailed structural drawings of the roof. These drawings contain information on the roof's length, width, height, and slope, as well as the specific location and dimensions of any protruding structures, such as protrusions or recesses, equipment foundations, and vents, which may affect rainwater flow. Comprehensive and detailed roof drawing data facilitates accurate roof modeling, providing a reliable model foundation for subsequent steps such as photovoltaic module layout and drainage system optimization.

[0036] During modeling, professional 3D design software, such as SketchUp or 3ds Max, is used to create a 3D geometric model of the building roof. These software programs provide an intuitive 3D modeling environment, making it easier to create roof models with complex surfaces and spatial structures. For example, 3ds Max excels in handling complex polygon modeling and detailed texture representation, allowing for the creation of highly realistic roof models and providing a more accurate geometric basis for subsequent fluid simulations. For irregularly shaped building roofs, they are divided into multiple regular geometric shapes for modeling to ensure the accuracy of the initial 3D geometric model.

[0037] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, after completing the 3D geometric modeling of the building roof, the photovoltaic modules can then be 3D geometrically modeled. In step S2, the second parameter information of the photovoltaic modules is set, including the following steps: S21. Based on the measured length, width, and thickness of the photovoltaic module, set the dimensional parameters of the photovoltaic module. Commonly used photovoltaic modules are generally rectangular. Taking a rectangular photovoltaic module as an example, its length is usually between 1-2m, its width is about 0.5-1.2m, and its thickness is generally 3-5cm. By measuring the length, width, and thickness of the photovoltaic module, setting the dimensional parameters of the photovoltaic module has an important impact on simulating the flow of rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic module and its interaction with the building roof structure.

[0038] S22. Set the reflectivity of the photovoltaic (PV) module based on its material and surface coating. The optical properties of the PV module surface indirectly affect rainwater flow. The reflectivity of the PV module surface determines the degree of solar radiation reflection, which in turn affects the temperature distribution on the module surface. During modeling, setting an appropriate reflectivity based on the PV module's material and surface coating helps to accurately reflect the energy absorption and temperature changes on the PV module surface, as temperature differences can affect the evaporation rate and surface tension of rainwater, thus influencing rainwater flow. For common crystalline silicon PV modules, the reflectivity of their glass surface is generally between 5% and 10%. In computational fluid dynamics simulations, adjusting the reflectivity by setting optical property parameters helps to accurately simulate the energy absorption and temperature changes on the PV module surface.

[0039] In addition to setting the reflectivity of photovoltaic (PV) modules, their absorptivity and transmittance can also be set simultaneously. Absorptivity determines the proportion of solar radiation energy absorbed by the module and converted into heat energy, while transmittance represents the proportion of radiation energy that passes through the PV module. For crystalline silicon PV modules, the absorptivity is typically around 80%-90%, with a relatively low transmittance, meaning most of the radiation energy is absorbed and used for power generation. During modeling, setting these optical parameters appropriately accurately simulates the energy conversion process of PV modules under illumination, further providing a foundation for computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the heat exchange and flow characteristics between rainwater and the PV module surface.

[0040] S23. Based on the surface treatment process of the photovoltaic module, set the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the photovoltaic module. The surface roughness of the photovoltaic module directly affects the friction between rainwater and the photovoltaic module surface, thus affecting the flow speed and path of the rainwater. Different types of photovoltaic modules have different surface roughnesses. For example, the surface of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules treated with chemical etching is relatively smooth, and its equivalent sand grain roughness can be set to 0.1-0.3 mm; while some modules with special textured coatings may have slightly higher roughness. In computational fluid dynamics software simulation, this characteristic is reflected by setting a wall roughness model, such as the Nikuradse rough wall model or the equivalent sand grain roughness model. The corresponding roughness parameters are input according to actual measurement or empirical data to accurately simulate the flow resistance of rainwater on the photovoltaic module surface.

[0041] Hydrophilicity refers to the affinity of a photovoltaic module surface for water, measured by the contact angle. A surface with good hydrophilicity allows rainwater to spread more effectively, forming a continuous water film, which is beneficial for drainage. Common photovoltaic module surfaces undergo special treatment to acquire a certain degree of hydrophilicity, with contact angles with water typically between 60° and 90°. In modeling, the influence of hydrophilicity on rainwater flow is simulated by setting surface tension and contact angle parameters. In computational fluid dynamics software simulations, the flow patterns and spreading characteristics of rainwater on different hydrophilic surfaces can be accurately simulated using a VOF model combined with contact angle boundary conditions.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S3, after completing the 3D geometric modeling of the photovoltaic modules, the second 3D geometric model is simulated and arranged on the first 3D geometric model. Common arrangement methods include row-column arrangement and staggered arrangement. For row-column arrangement, the photovoltaic modules are accurately arranged in the 3D design software according to the designed row and column spacing. The row and column spacing takes into account the light shading problem between photovoltaic modules to ensure power generation efficiency while also taking into account drainage requirements. During the modeling process, to ensure that the photovoltaic modules are arranged neatly and in parallel rows and columns, an array tool can be used to quickly copy the photovoltaic modules and arrange them according to the set row and column spacing to form a row-column layout photovoltaic module array model.

[0043] For staggered arrangements, the stagger distance and angle between photovoltaic (PV) modules need to be precisely calculated and set. Staggered arrangements can improve the land use efficiency and uniformity of sunlight reception for PV modules, but they also complicate drainage paths. During modeling, the staggering pattern of the PV modules is first determined, such as a stagger distance of half the width of adjacent PV modules and a stagger angle of 30°. Then, through coordinate transformation and copying operations, the PV modules are accurately arranged in 3D design software to form a staggered arrangement model.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, in step S3, determining the first tilt angle of the photovoltaic module includes the following steps: S311. Based on the latitude and longitude and meteorological data output from the wind farm's booster station, initially set the first tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic modules. Generally, to obtain maximum solar radiation, the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules is related to the local latitude, roughly ranging from 15° to 35°, but the specific values ​​need to be determined based on detailed simulations and actual site conditions. The azimuth angle in the Northern Hemisphere is usually due south, but may be slightly adjusted due to site limitations or other factors.

[0045] S312. Using solar radiation analysis software, such as PVsyst, input the local solar radiation, sunshine duration, and solar altitude angle to simulate the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules under different first tilt angles and azimuth angles, and determine the optimal first tilt angle for photovoltaic modules.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, in step S3, the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules is determined, including the following steps: S321. Calculate the layout density of photovoltaic modules on the building roof. The layout density is the ratio of the area covered by the photovoltaic modules to the total area of ​​the building roof. The layout density affects the runoff and drainage path of rainwater on the building roof. A higher layout density means that more rainwater needs to be discharged through limited drainage gaps and channels, which may increase the possibility of rainwater accumulating between photovoltaic modules, requiring a more reasonable design of drainage gaps and channels.

[0047] S322. Based on the layout density, set the row spacing and column spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. During modeling, set a reasonable layout density according to the actual layout plan to determine the number and distribution of photovoltaic modules, thereby accurately setting the row spacing and column spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. The row spacing and column spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules can be adjusted by simulating the drainage effect under different layout densities.

[0048] Combination Figure 1 As shown, in step S4, drainage gaps are designed between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. The main function of the drainage gaps is to collect and guide rainwater between adjacent photovoltaic modules. After rainwater falls on the surface of the photovoltaic modules, it flows along the tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules to the edges of the modules. The drainage gaps are responsible for collecting this rainwater and initially guiding it to the drainage channels. The drainage channels then collect and transport the rainwater from multiple drainage gaps and discharge it from the building roof. They are the main water conveyance channels of the drainage system, ensuring that a large amount of rainwater can leave the roof efficiently and quickly, avoiding water accumulation.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, in step S4, determining the width of the drainage gap includes the following steps: S41. The width of the drainage gaps at different locations should be determined according to the roof slope, gradually increasing from the higher side to the lower side of the roof. The roof slope determines the natural flow direction of rainwater. For single-slope roofs, drainage gaps should be concentrated between the photovoltaic modules on the lower side of the roof to ensure rainwater flows smoothly downwards. Furthermore, the width of the drainage gaps should gradually increase from the higher side to the lower side of the roof slope. For example, with a roof slope of 10°, the drainage gaps near the lower edge of the photovoltaic modules can gradually widen to 150-200mm to handle larger volumes of rainwater.

[0050] For gable or multi-sloped roofs, drainage gaps should be distributed along the slope direction to guide rainwater to the bottom of each slope. At slope transitions, the drainage gap design needs to be more precise to ensure rainwater can smoothly turn and flow into the drainage channel, preventing water accumulation. For example, specially shaped guide gaps can be installed at transitions to allow for a smooth transition of rainwater.

[0051] S42. The width of the drainage gaps should be set according to the rainfall intensity in the area where the wind farm's booster station is located, so that the drainage gaps can quickly collect a large amount of rainwater and prevent rainwater from staying on the surface of the photovoltaic modules for a long time. In areas with high rainfall intensity, such as areas with an average annual rainfall of more than 200 mm, the drainage gap design should not only be more densely distributed, but the width may also need to be appropriately increased to ensure that a large amount of rainwater can be collected quickly in a short time and to prevent rainwater from staying on the surface of the photovoltaic modules for a long time.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, step S5, determining the layout of the drainage channels, includes the following steps: S511. Determine the location of drainage channels based on the geometry and slope of the building roof, including: For rectangular, single-slope roofs, drainage channels are installed around the four edges of the roof, with the channels lower than the roof plane to maximize the collection and drainage of rainwater by gravity. These channels effectively collect rainwater flowing from all directions. For more regularly shaped rectangular roofs, arranging drainage channels along the four sides allows for better adaptation to the natural flow of rainwater. The drainage channels at the edges should be lower than the roof plane and have a certain slope, typically with a second inclination angle of 2%-5%, to ensure rainwater flows smoothly into the channels by gravity.

[0053] For irregularly shaped multi-sloped roofs, analyze the natural rainwater convergence path and place drainage channels on key runoff lines to ensure effective collection of rainwater from each area. For example, at the ridge line and slope transition points of a double-sloped roof, rationally plan the branches of the drainage channels to guide rainwater to flow orderly towards the drainage outlet.

[0054] S512. Based on the layout of the photovoltaic modules, determine the direction of the drainage channels, including: If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in rows and columns, the drainage channels are set parallel to the row and column direction of the photovoltaic modules, so that the ends of the drainage gaps are aligned with the drainage channels, reducing the resistance caused by the water flow turning.

[0055] If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in an alternating pattern, the direction of the drainage channel is designed according to the staggered pattern of the drainage gaps between the photovoltaic modules. The drainage channel can be at a certain angle or in a curved shape to ensure the continuity of drainage.

[0056] like Figure 7 In step S5, determining the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel includes the following steps: S521. Based on the drainage capacity of the drainage channel, the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel is initially determined. Common cross-sectional shapes for drainage channels include trapezoidal, semi-circular, and rectangular. Trapezoidal cross-sections have good drainage capacity and structural stability, suitable for drainage needs with large flow rates; their slope coefficient m is generally between 1 and 1.5. Semi-circular cross-sections have lower flow resistance and relatively higher flow velocity, often used in applications requiring high drainage efficiency. Rectangular cross-sections are simple to construct, but their drainage capacity is relatively weak.

[0057] S522. Based on the preliminarily determined cross-sectional shapes, calculate the cross-sectional area and hydraulic radius corresponding to different cross-sectional shapes. Take trapezoidal and semi-circular cross-section drainage channels as examples: For a drainage channel with a trapezoidal cross-section, firstly, it can be determined using formula (1): Calculate its cross-sectional area, where, in formula (1), A t denoted as , b is the base width of the trapezoidal section, m is the slope coefficient, and h is the water depth. The value of h is determined by hydraulic calculation based on the design flow rate and the design parameters of the drainage channel, and is generally between 0.1 and 0.3 m.

[0058] Then, using formula (2): Calculate its hydraulic radius, where, in formula (2), R t Let A be the hydraulic radius. t denoted as , where b is the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage, m is the slope coefficient, and h is the water depth.

[0059] For a drainage channel with a semi-circular cross-section, firstly, according to formula (3): Calculate its cross-sectional area, where, in formula (3), A b Let r be the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage, and r be the radius of the semi-circular cross-section.

[0060] Then, using formula (4): Calculate its hydraulic radius, where, in formula (4), R b denoted as , where r is the hydraulic radius and r is the radius of the semicircular cross-section.

[0061] S523. Calculate the drainage flow rate of each cross-sectional shape's corresponding drainage channel based on the second inclination angle, the cross-sectional area, and the hydraulic radius. Again, taking trapezoidal and semi-circular cross-section drainage channels as examples: For a drainage channel with a trapezoidal cross-section, firstly, according to formula (5): Calculate the water flow velocity, where, in formula (5), v t R is the water flow velocity. t Where is the hydraulic radius, n is the surface roughness coefficient of the inner wall of the drainage channel, which is generally taken as 0.01-0.013 for FRP materials, and P is the second inclination angle of the drainage channel.

[0062] Then, using formula (6): Calculate the drainage capacity, where, in formula (6), Q t v represents the drainage volume of the drainage channel. t Let A be the water flow velocity. t This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage.

[0063] For a drainage channel with a semi-circular cross-section, firstly, according to formula (7): Calculate the water flow velocity, where, in formula (7), v p R is the water flow velocity. p Where is the hydraulic radius, n is the surface roughness coefficient of the inner wall of the drainage channel, which is generally taken as 0.01-0.013 for FRP materials, and P is the second inclination angle of the drainage channel.

[0064] Then, using formula (8): Calculate the drainage capacity, where, in formula (8), Q p v represents the drainage volume of the drainage channel. p Let A be the water flow velocity. p This refers to the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage.

[0065] S524. Match the calculated drainage flow rate of each cross-sectional shape with the design rainwater flow rate of the building roof to determine the optimal cross-sectional shape for the drainage channel. Calculate the drainage volume Q of the drainage channel. t Or Q p A detailed comparison was made with the design rainwater flow rate Q. If Q t Or Q p A value greater than Q indicates that the drainage channel design theoretically meets the drainage requirements, thus determining the optimal cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel. However, a certain safety factor still needs to be considered, typically between 1.1 and 1.3. If Q... t Or Q pIf the value is less than Q, the drainage channels need to be optimized and adjusted. This may include increasing the size of the drainage channels, such as increasing the pipe diameter, deepening the trapezoidal cross-section, or widening the bottom; or increasing the number of drainage channels, recalculating the drainage capacity, and verifying it until the design requirements are met. During the verification process, the impact of potential blockages and wear on the drainage capacity during long-term use should also be considered, and a certain margin should be reserved appropriately.

[0066] Combination Figure 1 As shown, through the implementation of steps S1 to S5, the photovoltaic module and the drainage system are organically integrated to form an integrated drainage system model through three-dimensional design software. Step S6 is to use computational fluid dynamics software to simulate and calculate the flow characteristics of rainwater on the drainage system model, as a basis for verifying and optimizing the drainage system model.

[0067] like Figure 8 As shown, in step S6, the simulation parameter conditions are set, including: S611. Set boundary condition parameters, including: The edge of the building roof is designated as the drainage boundary, and a free outflow boundary condition is set according to the actual drainage situation. This ensures that rainwater can flow freely from the roof edge without additional resistance. In the computational fluid dynamics software, the pressure of the drainage boundary at the roof edge is set to atmospheric pressure to ensure smooth rainwater drainage. Simultaneously, considering the potential impact of wind on rainwater flow, corresponding wind speed and direction boundary conditions are set on the windward and leeward sides of the roof. For example, with a local average wind speed of 5-10 m / s and wind direction determined based on the prevailing wind direction at the location of the wind farm's booster station, wind boundary conditions are set to simulate drainage under the combined effects of wind and rain.

[0068] The location where the drainage channel connects to the drainage gap between the photovoltaic modules is set as the flow inlet boundary condition. Referring to the calculation method for the drainage capacity of the drainage channel in steps S521-S523 above, the drainage volume of the drainage gap is calculated, and this drainage volume is set as the flow inlet boundary condition of the drainage channel. The outlet of the drainage channel is connected to the drainage endpoint and can be set as a pressure outlet boundary condition or a free outflow boundary condition, depending on the actual situation. If the outlet of the drainage channel is connected to the municipal drainage system, the outlet pressure needs to be set according to the pressure conditions of the municipal drainage network; if it is directly discharged into a rainwater collection tank, it can be set as a free outflow boundary condition to ensure that the water in the drainage channel can be discharged smoothly.

[0069] The surface of the photovoltaic (PV) module is set to a no-slip boundary condition, ensuring that the flow velocity of rainwater at the PV module surface is zero when it comes into contact with the module. This simulates the actual flow of rainwater on the PV module surface. Simultaneously, considering the surface characteristics of the PV module, such as hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, parameters such as surface tension and contact angle are set to influence the spread and flow direction of rainwater on the module surface. Furthermore, the optical characteristics of the PV module, such as reflectivity, absorptivity, and transmittance, are also considered. This helps to accurately simulate the energy absorption and temperature changes on the PV module surface, as well as the energy conversion process under illumination, thus facilitating the accurate simulation of heat exchange and flow characteristics between rainwater and the PV module surface using computational fluid dynamics software.

[0070] S612. Set rainfall condition parameters, including: Based on historical rainfall data acquired locally at the wind farm's booster station, rainfall intensities with different return periods are extracted as rainfall boundary conditions. For example, for rainfall intensities with a 5-year return period, statistical analysis yields an hourly rainfall rate of 50-80 mm / h. In the simulation, rainfall intensity is input as a rainfall boundary condition into computational fluid dynamics software to set the amount of rainwater falling on the building roof per unit time. To simulate extreme rainfall scenarios, the return period can be appropriately increased, such as using rainfall intensity data with a 10-year or 20-year return period.

[0071] Based on the local rainfall characteristics and actual drainage needs of the wind farm's booster station, rainfall duration boundary conditions are set. Rainfall duration refers to the duration of rainfall and has a significant impact on the simulation testing of the drainage system. The rainfall duration can be set according to local rainfall characteristics and actual drainage needs. Generally, short-duration rainstorms, such as 1-3 hour rainstorms, require a high instantaneous drainage capacity from the drainage system, while long-duration rainstorms, such as 6-12 hour rainstorms, test the continuous drainage capacity of the drainage system. In the simulation, according to the specific research objectives and actual conditions, the response and drainage effect of the drainage system under different rainfall duration conditions are observed by reasonably setting the rainfall duration.

[0072] Furthermore, rainfall distribution can also be used as a parameter to set rainfall conditions. Assuming uniform rainfall distribution on building rooftops is a common simplification that applies to most cases. In computational fluid dynamics software, rainfall boundary conditions are set to ensure that rainwater falls uniformly on the surface of the roof model. For complex terrains or unique building layouts, non-uniform rainfall distribution models can be introduced, simulating the unevenness of rainfall by setting rainfall intensity coefficients for different areas.

[0073] Combination Figure 1As shown, in step S6, when simulating the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps, professional computational fluid dynamics software, such as ANSYS Fluent or COMSOL Multiphysics, is used for simulation calculation. These software programs have powerful fluid simulation capabilities and can accurately simulate the flow process of rainwater on surfaces with complex geometries.

[0074] like Figure 9 As shown, in step S6, computational fluid dynamics software is used to simulate and calculate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps, including the following steps: S621. Mesh the drainage system model, discretizing the model space into many small grid cells. For critical areas such as building roofs, photovoltaic modules, drainage gaps, and drainage channels, use a denser mesh to improve simulation accuracy and accurately capture the flow details of rainwater in these areas. For areas far from critical areas, the mesh density can be appropriately reduced to decrease computational load and improve computational efficiency.

[0075] S622. In the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, select a suitable turbulence model and, based on the set simulation parameters, gradually simulate the flow of rainwater on the drainage system model. Set the solver parameters in the CFD software and select a suitable turbulence model, such as the k-ε model or the k-ω model, to accurately simulate the turbulent flow characteristics of rainwater. Set the time step and number of iterations to ensure stable convergence of the simulation process and obtain accurate results. Start the simulation; the CFD software will gradually calculate the flow of rainwater on the roof based on the parameters and boundary conditions set in steps S611 and S612.

[0076] S623. Based on the simulation results, analyze the flow pattern, flow rate and velocity of rainwater in the drainage system model, as well as the water accumulation.

[0077] When analyzing water flow patterns, examine the flow path of rainwater on the surface of the photovoltaic modules to check for any localized water accumulation or areas with poor flow. Observe the process of rainwater flowing from the gaps between the photovoltaic modules into the drainage channels to determine whether the drainage gaps can effectively guide rainwater into the drainage channels, and whether there are any blockages or splashes at the connection between the drainage gaps and the drainage channels.

[0078] When analyzing flow rate and velocity, rainwater flow rate and velocity data are extracted from the simulation results to analyze the water flow conditions at different locations. The drainage flow rate is compared under different photovoltaic module spacing and drainage gap settings to determine the optimal parameter combination that meets drainage requirements. The velocity distribution within the drainage channel is observed to ensure that the velocity is within a reasonable range, effectively draining water without causing excessive erosion of the drainage channel.

[0079] When analyzing water accumulation, the focus is on whether there are water accumulation areas on the building roof and how the water depth changes over time. If the simulation results show water accumulation, the causes are analyzed. For example, analysis may reveal that the water accumulation is caused by insufficient drainage gaps, blocked drainage channels, or an unreasonable roof slope. The process can then return to steps S1 to S5, adjust the model parameters, and re-perform the simulation until the water accumulation is eliminated or the water depth is reduced to an acceptable range.

[0080] S624. Based on the analysis results, redesign and optimize the drainage system model. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, return to steps S1 to S5 to optimize and adjust the layout of the photovoltaic modules, the width and shape of the drainage gaps, and the design of the drainage channels. For example, if water accumulation is found in a certain area, the width of the drainage gaps near that area can be appropriately increased, or the arrangement of the photovoltaic modules can be adjusted to improve the water flow path. If the flow velocity in the drainage channel is too high, it may be necessary to adjust the cross-sectional shape of the channel or the second tilt angle to reduce the flow velocity and reduce erosion of the drainage channel.

[0081] Furthermore, a new drainage system model can be built for the optimized design, and the above simulation calculations and result analysis process can be repeated to verify the effectiveness of the optimization measures. Through multiple iterative optimizations, it can be ensured that the photovoltaic module layout and drainage system design can meet drainage requirements under various rainfall conditions, achieving efficient and stable drainage performance.

[0082] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0083] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated units described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional units. The above are merely embodiments of this application and do not limit the patent scope of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of this application, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this application.

[0084] The specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, but they are only examples, and this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications or substitutions to the invention are also within the scope of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes, modifications, and improvements made without departing from the spirit and principles of this application should be covered within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A design method for an integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm substation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect the first parameter information of the building roof and establish the first three-dimensional geometric model of the building roof using three-dimensional design software; S2. Set the second parameter information of the photovoltaic module, and establish the second three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module using the three-dimensional design software; S3. Simulate the arrangement of the second three-dimensional geometric model on the first three-dimensional geometric model to determine the position of each photovoltaic module, the first tilt angle, and the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules. S4. Design a drainage gap between two adjacent photovoltaic modules and determine the width of the drainage gap; S5. Establish a drainage channel model and determine the layout, second inclination angle, cross-sectional shape, and connection method with the drainage gap of the drainage channel; S6. Set the simulation parameters and conditions, and use computational fluid dynamics software to simulate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps.

2. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1: Collect first parameter information of the building roof, including the length, width, slope of the building roof, and structural features that affect rainwater flow, including protrusions, depressions, or foundations for installing photovoltaic equipment; During modeling, for irregularly shaped building roofs, they are divided into multiple regular geometric shapes for modeling to ensure the accuracy of the first three-dimensional geometric model.

3. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the second parameter information of the photovoltaic module is set, including the following steps: S21. Based on the measured length, width, and thickness of the photovoltaic module, set the size parameters of the photovoltaic module; S22. Set the reflectivity of the photovoltaic module according to its material and surface coating; S23. Based on the surface treatment process of the photovoltaic module, set the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of the photovoltaic module.

4. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, determining the first tilt angle of the photovoltaic module includes the following steps: S311. Based on the latitude and longitude of the geographical location and meteorological data output by the wind farm booster station, the first tilt angle and azimuth angle of the photovoltaic module are initially set; S312. Using solar radiation analysis software, input the local solar radiation, sunshine duration, and solar altitude angle to simulate the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module under different first tilt angles and azimuth angles, and determine the optimal first tilt angle of the photovoltaic module.

5. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules is determined, including the following steps: S321. Calculate the layout density of the photovoltaic modules on the building roof, where the layout density is the ratio of the area covered by the photovoltaic modules to the total area of ​​the building roof; S322. Based on the layout density, set the row spacing and column spacing between two adjacent photovoltaic modules.

6. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, determining the width of the drainage gap includes the following steps: S41. The width of the drainage gap at different locations is set according to the slope of the building roof, so that the width gradually increases from the high side to the low side of the building roof. S42. The width of the drainage gap is set according to the rainfall intensity in the area where the wind farm booster station is located, so that the drainage gap can quickly collect a large amount of rainwater and prevent rainwater from staying on the surface of the photovoltaic module for a long time.

7. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 involves determining the layout of the drainage channel, including the following steps: S511. Determining the location of the drainage channel based on the geometry and slope of the building roof, including: For a rectangular single-slope building roof, drainage channels are provided around the four edges of the building roof, and the height of the drainage channels is lower than the plane of the building roof. For irregularly shaped multi-sloped building roofs, analyze the natural convergence path of rainwater and set the drainage channels on key confluence lines to ensure effective collection of rainwater from each area. S512. Determine the direction of the drainage channel based on the layout of the photovoltaic modules, including: If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in rows and columns, the drainage channel is set parallel to the row and column direction of the photovoltaic modules, so that the end of the drainage gap is aligned with the drainage channel; If the photovoltaic modules are arranged in an alternating pattern, the direction of the drainage channel is designed according to the staggered pattern of the drainage gaps between the photovoltaic modules to ensure the continuity of drainage.

8. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 involves determining the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel, including the following steps: S521. Based on the drainage capacity of the drainage channel, the cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel is initially determined; S522. Based on the preliminarily determined different cross-sectional shapes, calculate the cross-sectional area and hydraulic radius corresponding to the different cross-sectional shapes; S523. Calculate the drainage flow rate of each cross-sectional shape corresponding to the drainage channel based on the second inclination angle, the cross-sectional area of ​​the water passage and the hydraulic radius. S524. Match the calculated drainage flow rate of each cross-sectional shape with the designed rainwater flow rate of the building roof to determine the optimal cross-sectional shape of the drainage channel.

9. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, the simulation parameter conditions are set, including the following steps: S611. Set boundary condition parameters, including: The edge of the building roof is set as the drainage boundary, and a free outflow boundary condition is set according to the actual drainage situation. The location where the drainage channel connects to the drainage gap between the photovoltaic module is set as the flow inlet boundary condition; The surface of the photovoltaic module is set to a no-slip boundary condition, so that when rainwater comes into contact with the surface of the photovoltaic module, the flow velocity at the surface is zero; S612. Set rainfall condition parameters, including: Based on the historical rainfall data obtained locally at the wind farm's booster station, the intensity of rainstorms under different return periods is extracted as the rainfall boundary condition; Based on the local rainfall characteristics and actual drainage needs of the wind farm's booster station, rainfall duration boundary conditions are set.

10. The design method for the integrated photovoltaic drainage system on the roof of a wind farm booster station building according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that, In step S6, computational fluid dynamics software is used to simulate and calculate the flow characteristics of rainwater in the drainage system model established in the above steps, including the following steps: S621. The drainage system model is meshed, and the space of the drainage system model is discretized into many small mesh units; S622. Select a suitable turbulence model in the computational fluid dynamics software, and simulate the flow of rainwater on the drainage system model step by step according to the set simulation parameter conditions. S623. Based on the simulation results, analyze the flow pattern, flow rate and velocity of rainwater in the drainage system model, as well as the water accumulation. S624. Based on the analysis results, redesign the drainage system model.

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