Self-adaptive variational mode noise reduction method and system based on bit plane decomposition

By adaptively determining VMD parameters through bit-plane decomposition, the problem of capturing transient features in determining the number of decomposition modes and penalty factor in the VMD method is solved, achieving efficient real-time signal denoising, which is suitable for mechanical fault diagnosis, medical signal processing and human behavior recognition.

CN121789708APending Publication Date: 2026-04-03GUANGZHOU PUXIAN BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202511301754.5
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Applications(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-09-12
Publication Date
2026-04-03

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing VMD methods rely on frequency domain decomposition results when determining the number of decomposition modes and penalty factors, ignoring transient features. This results in high computational complexity, slow real-time noise reduction, and an inability to effectively capture non-stationary features such as impact signals and step changes. Furthermore, hardware implementation incurs significant computational overhead.

Method used

The bit-plane decomposition method is used to convert the signal into a binary representation. The number of decomposed modes and the penalty factor are adaptively determined through autocorrelation test and energy entropy calculation. Combined with VMD decomposition, the mode function with the highest energy is selected for reconstruction to achieve signal noise reduction.

Benefits of technology

It breaks through the limitations of traditional frequency domain analysis, accurately captures non-stationary features, improves real-time processing performance, and reduces computational complexity and resource consumption. It is suitable for mechanical fault diagnosis, medical signal processing, and human behavior recognition.

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Abstract

The invention discloses an adaptive variational mode noise reduction method and system based on bit plane decomposition, and belongs to the field of signal processing. According to the technology, binary conversion is carried out on a time domain signal through an innovative bit plane decomposition method, the signal is decomposed into time domain components under different bit resolutions, and the optimal decomposition parameter of VMD is adaptively determined based on component characteristics. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out bit plane decomposition on a noisy signal to obtain time domain components of different bits; calculating an autocorrelation test value of each component, and distinguishing a signal component and a noise component; dynamically calculating the modal number and penalty factor of the VMD according to the number of signal components and the energy entropy; and finally, performing VMD decomposition and reconstructing a noise reduction signal. Transient features are reserved through bit plane decomposition, and the feature retention rate is remarkably improved; vMD parameters are directly calculated, iterative optimization is avoided, and the processing speed is greatly increased; hardware resource occupation is greatly reduced, and power consumption is greatly reduced; and in a strong noise environment, the accuracy is greatly improved.
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