Lumbar cistern drainage puncture device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a lumbar cistern drainage puncture device and method, and relates to the technical field of medical instruments, and the lumbar cistern drainage puncture device comprises a lumbar puncture needle, an inner guide needle, an outer guide needle and a lumbar cistern needle sheath; the lumbar puncture needle comprises a needle sheath and a detachable needle core; the inner guide needle is a solid hard guide needle, and the outer diameter of the inner guide needle is equal to the outer diameter of a needle core of the lumbar puncture needle; the outer guide pin is a tubular hard guide pin, and the inner diameter of the outer guide pin is equal to the outer diameter of the inner guide pin; and the inner diameter of the lumbar cisterna needle sheath is equal to the outer diameter of the outer guide needle. Repeated puncture caused by instrument size mismatching or channel deviation is avoided, so that disposable puncture catheterization is achieved fundamentally, and operation difficulty and patient trauma are reduced remarkably.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of medical devices, in particular to a lumbar cistern drainage puncture device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lumbar cistern catheterization external drainage is a common treatment method in neurosurgery, mainly used for treating subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial infection, hydrocephalus and other diseases. The core operation is to place a drainage tube into the lumbar cistern through lumbar puncture to continuously drain inflammatory or bloody cerebrospinal fluid, thereby reducing the stimulation to the nervous system and assisting in the treatment or prevention of complications.

[0003] There are mainly two ways of lumbar cistern catheterization commonly used in clinical practice at present: Direct lumbar cistern puncture needle placement method: a relatively thick lumbar cistern puncture needle is used for direct puncture, and after successful puncture, the needle core is withdrawn, and then a drainage tube is placed through the needle cavity. This method has low single puncture success rate due to the relatively thick puncture needle, especially in elderly patients or in cases of narrow intervertebral space and increased bone mass, and often requires repeated puncture, which can easily cause soft tissue damage, hematoma formation, and even puncture failure.

[0004] Lumbar puncture needle guided replacement of thick needle method: a relatively thin lumbar puncture needle is used for puncture, and after confirming entry into the subarachnoid space, a relatively thick lumbar cistern puncture needle is replaced along the original puncture channel. Although this method reduces the difficulty of initial puncture to some extent, the patient's body position may move slightly or the puncture channel may shift during the replacement of the thick needle, and multiple adjustments or re-punctures are still required, which still has the problems of large trauma, complicated operation, and low one-time success rate.

[0005] Therefore, the existing technology has the problems of low one-time puncture success rate and high risk of tissue damage and infection caused by repeated puncture in the operation of lumbar cistern puncture and catheterization, which is more prominent for patients with narrow intervertebral space or increased bone mass. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a lumbar cistern drainage puncture device and method to solve the problems existing in the prior art and improve the success rate of puncture and catheterization and reduce the risk of tissue damage and infection.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions: The present application provides a lumbar cistern drainage puncture device, comprising a lumbar puncture needle, an inner guide needle, an outer guide needle and a lumbar cistern needle sheath; the lumbar puncture needle comprises a needle sheath and a detachable needle core; the inner guide needle is a solid hard guide needle, and its outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the needle core of the lumbar puncture needle; the outer guide needle is a tubular hard guide needle, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the inner guide needle; the inner diameter of the lumbar cistern needle sheath is equal to the outer diameter of the outer guide needle.

[0008] Preferably, the length of the inner guide needle is greater than the length of the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, and the length of the outer guide needle is greater than the length of the cisterna magna needle sheath.

[0009] Preferably, the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle is a hollow structure, and the inner cavity thereof is in communication with the needle sheath handle, which is used to observe the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid after the needle core is pulled out after successful puncture.

[0010] Preferably, the surfaces of the inner guide needle and the outer guide needle are provided with scale marks.

[0011] Preferably, the distal end of the inner guide needle is a sharp puncture part, and the proximal end is a circular blunt structure.

[0012] Preferably, the materials of the inner guide needle, the outer guide needle and the cisterna magna needle sheath are medical stainless steel or hard medical polymer.

[0013] Preferably, the device further comprises a drainage tube for final placement, and the outer diameter of the drainage tube is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the cisterna magna needle sheath.

[0014] Preferably, the handle of the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle and the handle of the cisterna magna needle sheath are provided with an anti-skid structure.

[0015] The application also provides a method for puncture and tube placement using the cisterna magna drainage puncture device as described above, comprising the following steps: a) puncture using the lumbar puncture needle, and withdrawing the needle core after entering the subarachnoid space; b) inserting the inner guide needle into the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, and then removing the needle sheath; c) assembling the outer guide needle with the cisterna magna needle sheath, and then advancing to the subarachnoid space along the inner guide needle; d) removing the inner guide needle and the outer guide needle, and retaining the cisterna magna needle sheath; e) placing the drainage tube into the subarachnoid space through the cisterna magna needle sheath, and then withdrawing the cisterna magna needle sheath.

[0016] Preferably, the method further comprises step f) of placing one end of the drainage tube into the cisterna magna needle sheath.

[0017] The application has the following technical effects relative to the prior art: First, the initial puncture is performed with a lumbar puncture needle with a small outer diameter, which is less traumatic and easier to succeed. After successful puncture, the inner guide needle can be inserted smoothly without shaking due to the perfect match between the outer diameter of the inner guide needle and the inner diameter of the indwelling needle sheath, forming a first stable guide track. Then, the outer guide needle is pre-assembled with the lumbar cistern needle sheath, and is smoothly pushed along the outside of the inner guide needle to the target position, and then the inner guide needle and the outer guide needle are pulled out together. The whole process is completed in the same channel established, avoiding repeated puncture due to mismatch of instrument size or channel deviation, thereby fundamentally realizing one-time puncture and catheterization, and significantly reducing the operation difficulty and patient trauma. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described in the following are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without creative labor.

[0019] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a lumbar puncture needle sheath; Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a lumbar puncture needle core; Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of an inner guide needle; Figure 4 Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of an outer guide needle; Figure 5 Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a lumbar cistern needle sheath; Figure 6 Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a combination of a lumbar cistern needle sheath, an outer guide needle and an inner guide needle; In the drawings: 1-lumbar puncture needle sheath; 11-needle sheath tube of the lumbar puncture needle sheath; 12-needle sheath handle of the lumbar puncture needle sheath; 2-lumbar puncture needle core; 21-needle core tube; 22-needle core handle; 3-inner guide needle; 31-inner guide needle body; 32-inner guide needle puncture part; 4-outer guide needle; 41-outer guide needle body; 42-outer guide needle puncture part; 5-lumbar cistern needle sheath; 51-needle sheath handle of the lumbar cistern needle sheath; 52-needle sheath tube of the lumbar cistern needle sheath. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] The application aims to provide a lumbar cistern drainage puncture device and method to solve the problems in the prior art, improve the success rate of puncture catheterization, and reduce the risk of tissue damage and infection.

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned objectives, characteristics and advantages of the present application more apparent, specific embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 6 , describe the embodiments of the present application.

[0024] Embodiment one The present application provides a lumbar cistern drainage puncture device, which comprises a lumbar puncture needle, an inner guide needle 3, an outer guide needle 4, and a lumbar cistern needle sheath 5. The lumbar puncture needle comprises a needle sheath (i.e. the lumbar puncture needle needle sheath 1 in the figure) and a detachable needle core (i.e. the lumbar puncture needle needle core 2 in the figure). The inner guide needle 3 is a solid hard guide needle, and its outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the needle core of the lumbar puncture needle. The outer guide needle 4 is a tubular hard guide needle, and its inner diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the inner guide needle 3. The inner diameter of the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 is equal to the outer diameter of the outer guide needle 4.

[0025] This embodiment establishes a “track type” replacement system with a gradually expanding and high coaxiality by setting the precise size matching relationship between the inner guide needle 3, the outer guide needle 4, the lumbar puncture needle, and the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 (i.e. “inner guide needle 3 outer diameter = needle core outer diameter”, “outer guide needle 4 inner diameter = inner guide needle 3 outer diameter”, and “lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 inner diameter = outer guide needle 4 outer diameter”). The principle is as follows: first, the lumbar puncture needle with a smaller outer diameter is used for initial puncture, which is small in trauma and easy to succeed. After successful puncture, the inner guide needle 3 can be inserted without resistance and shaking due to the perfect matching between the outer diameter of the inner guide needle 3 and the inner diameter of the needle sheath (the space occupied by the original needle core), forming the first stable guide track. Then, the combination of the outer guide needle 4 and the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 can be closely fitted outside the inner guide needle 3 and smoothly advanced along the track, and then the inner guide needle 3 and the outer guide needle 4 can be pulled out together. This series of steps are carried out in the established exact channel, avoiding the repeated exploration and puncture caused by the mismatch of instruments or the deviation of the channel in the traditional method, thereby fundamentally achieving the core purpose of “one-time” puncture catheterization, and significantly reducing the operation difficulty and patient trauma.

[0026] In some implementations, after the inner guide needle 3 is inserted into the human body and the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle is pulled out, the outer guide needle 4 can be fitted outside the inner guide needle 3 from one end of the inner guide needle 3, and then the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 can be fitted outside the outer guide needle 4 from one end of the outer guide needle 4. In this implementation, the inner guide needle 3 serves as a guide for the outer guide needle 4, and the outer guide needle 4 serves as a guide track for the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5.

[0027] In some embodiments, the length of the inner guide needle 3 is greater than the length of the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, and the length of the outer guide needle 4 is greater than the length of the needle sheath of the lumbar cistern needle. The setting of this length relationship brings significant improvement in operation safety and convenience. Specifically, when the length of the inner guide needle 3 is greater than the length of the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, the distal end (puncture end) of the inner guide needle 3 can always remain in the subarachnoid space during the process of pulling out the needle sheath from the inner guide needle 3, and the proximal end (hand holding end) is always exposed outside the body, ensuring that the doctor has control over both ends of the key guide track throughout the process, completely avoiding the risk of the guide track falling out or retracting into the tissue when the needle sheath is pulled out. Similarly, the length of the outer guide needle 4 is greater than the length of the needle sheath of the lumbar cistern, which ensures that the doctor can accurately push the needle sheath to the target depth by holding the handle of the outer guide needle 4 that protrudes beyond the tail end of the needle sheath, and the operation torque is better; and when the outer guide needle 4 is pulled out later, it is convenient to hold. These two length characteristics are key physical designs that ensure the smooth and reliable completion of the "track replacement" process.

[0028] The specific numerical value of the length relationship can be set according to the commonly used puncture depth in clinical practice, for example, the inner guide needle 3 protrudes 3-5 cm out of the needle sheath 3-5, and the outer guide needle 4 protrudes 2-4 cm out of the needle sheath of the lumbar cistern. In a specific design, a conspicuous marker ring can also be designed at the proximal end of the outer guide needle 4, which indicates that the needle sheath has reached the correct position when it is flush with the handle of the needle sheath of the lumbar cistern. At this time, the length of the outer guide needle 4 does not need to be absolutely greater than the length of the needle sheath, but the design of the marker ring is essentially still to achieve the same effect of "visual length control".

[0029] In some embodiments, the needle sheath of the lumbar puncture needle is a hollow structure, and the inner cavity thereof is in communication with the handle of the needle sheath, which is used to observe the flow of cerebrospinal fluid after the needle core is pulled out after successful puncture.

[0030] In this embodiment, after the puncture needle breaks through the dura mater and enters the subarachnoid space, the needle core is pulled out, and the cerebrospinal fluid can flow out through the needle sheath and the handle of the needle sheath, so as to facilitate the doctor to confirm whether the puncture is successful.

[0031] In some embodiments, the surface of the inner guide needle 3 and the outer guide needle 4 is provided with a scale mark.

[0032] In lumbar cistern puncture and catheterization, insufficient puncture depth may result in the drainage tube not entering the subarachnoid space, and excessive depth may damage the spinal cord or nerve roots, with extremely high risk. The device sets scales on the key guiding components (inner guide needle 3 and outer guide needle 4), so that the doctor can read the depth of the current instrument into the tissue in real time and intuitively during the operation. For example, when the inner guide needle 3 is placed, it can be known how much it has penetrated after replacing the original needle core; when the outer guide needle 4 and the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 are pushed along the inner guide needle 3, the depth of the expansion instrument entering can be accurately controlled through the scale of the outer guide needle 4, ensuring consistency with the initial puncture depth or fine-tuning. This precise depth control avoids the uncertainty of "blind pushing" by experience, significantly improving the safety of the operation and the accuracy of the catheterization, and is particularly beneficial to standardized operation and teaching promotion.

[0033] The depth identification is not limited to printed or engraved scale lines. For example, different colored rings can be distinguished, with a different color every centimeter; or a number of equidistant concave or convex marks are provided on the outer guide needle 4 to perceive the depth by touch; or a sliding limiter with a depth scale is connected to the proximal end of the guide needle. These alternative ways can all achieve the function of depth prompting or limiting.

[0034] In some embodiments, the distal end of the inner guide needle 3 is a sharp puncture part, and the proximal end is a round blunt structure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the distal end of the inner guide needle 3 is designed as a sharp puncture part, so that when it is stretched out of the lumbar puncture needle sheath and continues to be slightly pushed forward to maintain the channel, if it encounters slight resistance (such as residual soft tissue), its sharp tip can pass more smoothly, ensuring that the front end of the guide track is always in an effective position. The proximal end (hand-held end) is designed as a round blunt structure, which has multiple benefits: first, it prevents accidental puncture injury to the operator or patient during the operation, improving safety; second, the round blunt end facilitates alignment with the inner hole of the subsequent outer guide needle 4, easy to be sleeved, improving the smoothness of operation; third, the blunt end is also convenient for the operator to hold and apply force. This "sharp front and blunt back" design optimizes human-machine interaction and safety protection.

[0036] The distal sharp part can be a standard bevel needle tip, or other geometric shapes that facilitate puncture, such as a triangular pyramid. The proximal blunt structure can be spherical, hemispherical, or a smooth cylindrical boss. The key is to achieve the function of "front end facilitating extension for guidance, and back end being safe and convenient for operation".

[0037] In some embodiments, the inner guide needle 3, outer guide needle 4, and lumbar cistern needle sheath 5 are made of medical-grade stainless steel or rigid medical polymers. Medical-grade stainless steel (such as 304 or 316L) has extremely high rigidity (high elastic modulus) and strength, ensuring that the slender inner and outer guide needles 4 do not bend or deform when passing through tissue, thereby accurately transmitting the pushing force and maintaining the preset trajectory direction, which is crucial for puncture accuracy. Secondly, both medical-grade stainless steel and specific rigid medical polymers (such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and medical-grade polycarbonate (PC)) have good biocompatibility, meeting safety standards for long-term or short-term implantation and not causing excessive tissue reactions. Finally, medical-grade stainless steel shows clear images under X-rays, facilitating real-time monitoring of the puncture and catheter placement process under fluoroscopy; while some polymers, such as PEEK, are magnetically resonant, providing convenience for surgery under different image guidance. The choice of materials ensures the core function (rigid guidance) and safety foundation of the device.

[0038] Of course, the choice of materials can vary depending on specific needs. For example, to achieve better MRI compatibility, all materials can be non-metallic hard polymers or composites. To reduce weight or cost, some components (such as the needle sheath handle) can be made of different hard plastics. In addition, radiopaque materials (such as barium sulfate) can be incorporated into the polymer guide needle, combining the advantages of both polymers and radiopaque materials.

[0039] In some embodiments, the device further includes a drainage tube for final insertion, the outer diameter of which is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the lumbar fossa needle sheath 5.

[0040] The ultimate goal of the lumbar cistern drainage puncture device is to safely insert the drainage tube into the subarachnoid space. This embodiment specifies a matching relationship (less than or equal to) between the outer diameter of the drainage tube and the inner diameter of the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5. This ensures that, after all preceding precise track guidance steps are completed, the drainage tube can pass unimpeded through the established, size-matched channel in the final step. This avoids damage caused by an excessively thick drainage tube preventing insertion or forcibly inserting it, and also avoids the drainage tube being too thin and causing it to wobble within the needle sheath, affecting placement accuracy.

[0041] In some embodiments, the handle of the lumbar puncture needle sheath and the handle of the lumbar sac needle sheath 5 are provided with anti-slip structures.

[0042] This embodiment incorporates anti-slip structures (such as knurling, grooves, raised dots, coatings or coverings with a high coefficient of friction) to significantly increase friction between the hand and the instrument, ensuring a stable grip. This allows for more direct force transmission and precise control during critical actions such as "removing the needle sheath" and "pushing the needle sheath," reducing operational risks caused by hand slippage and improving the controllability of the entire surgical procedure.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, the lumbar puncture needle sheath 1 includes a needle sheath tube 11 and a needle sheath handle 12.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the lumbar puncture needle core 2 includes a core tube 21 and a core handle 22.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the inner guide needle 3 includes an inner guide needle body 31 and an inner guide needle puncture section 32.

[0046] like Figure 4 As shown, the external guide needle 4 includes an external guide needle body 41 and an external guide needle puncture section 42.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the Yaodachi needle sheath 5 includes a needle sheath handle 51 and a needle sheath tube 52.

[0048] Example 2 The present invention also provides a method for puncture and catheter placement using the lumbar cistern drainage puncture device described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps: a) Use a lumbar puncture needle to puncture, enter the subarachnoid space and then withdraw the needle core; b) Insert the inner guide needle 3 into the sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, and then remove the sheath; c) After assembling the outer guide needle 4 with the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5, advance it along the inner guide needle 3 into the subarachnoid space; d) Remove the inner guide needle 3 and the outer guide needle 4, leaving the lumbar fossa needle sheath 5 intact; e) Insert the drainage tube into the subarachnoid space through the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5, and then withdraw the lumbar cistern needle sheath 5.

[0049] This method systematically integrates all the advantages of the device and defines an optimized operating procedure. Its effectiveness is derived through the logical connections between the steps: Step a) Utilizing the advantages of easy needle penetration and immediate confirmation, an accurate entry point is established with minimal trauma. Step b) A seamless connection is made to the access channel via a size-matched inner guide needle 3, forming the first stable "track" to prevent channel shrinkage or loss. Step c) Using the second "track" (outer guide needle 4), the working channel (lumbar cistern needle sheath 5) is precisely guided to the target position, the entire process proceeding along the predetermined track without exploratory damage. Step d) The guide track is removed, leaving a clean working channel. Step e) Finally, the cannulation is completed. This method is interconnected, with each step building upon the precise results of the previous step and minimizing interference, thus transforming "successful puncture on the first attempt" from a possibility into a repeatable, highly standardized, and inevitable result, especially suitable for cases with difficult anatomy.

[0050] In some embodiments, the method further includes step f, inserting one end of the drainage tube into the lumbar sac needle sheath 5.

[0051] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A lumbar cistern drainage puncture device, characterized in that, Includes lumbar puncture needle, internal guide needle, external guide needle, and lumbar cistern needle sheath; The lumbar puncture needle includes a needle sheath and a detachable needle core; The inner guide needle is a solid hard guide needle, and its outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter of the needle core of the lumbar puncture needle. The outer guide needle is a tubular rigid guide needle, the inner diameter of which is equal to the outer diameter of the inner guide needle; The inner diameter of the lumbar sac needle sheath is equal to the outer diameter of the outer guide needle.

2. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the inner guide needle is greater than the length of the sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, and the length of the outer guide needle is greater than the length of the sheath of the lumbar puncture needle.

3. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lumbar puncture needle sheath has a hollow structure, and its inner cavity is connected to the needle sheath handle. After successful puncture, the needle core can be removed to observe the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid.

4. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer guide pins are marked with scale markings.

5. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distal end of the inner guide needle is a sharp puncture point, and the proximal end is a round, blunt structure.

6. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner guide needle, outer guide needle, and lumbar sac needle sheath are made of medical-grade stainless steel or hard medical polymer.

7. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device also includes a drainage tube for final insertion, the outer diameter of which is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the lumbar fossa needle sheath.

8. The lumbar cistern drainage puncture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The handle of the lumbar puncture needle sheath and the handle of the lumbar sac needle sheath are provided with an anti-slip structure.

9. A method for puncture and catheter placement using the lumbar cistern drainage puncture device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a) Use a lumbar puncture needle to puncture, enter the subarachnoid space and then withdraw the needle core; b) Insert the internal guide needle into the sheath of the lumbar puncture needle, and then remove the sheath; c) After assembling the external guide needle with the lumbar cistern needle sheath, advance it along the internal guide needle into the subarachnoid space; d) Remove the inner and outer guide needles, leaving the lumbar fossa needle sheath intact; e) Insert the drainage tube into the subarachnoid space through the lumbar cistern needle sheath, and then withdraw the lumbar cistern needle sheath.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes step f, which involves inserting one end of the drainage tube into the lumbar fossa needle sheath.

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