Steady-state load modeling method and system for hydrogen production electrolytic cell

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of steady-state load modeling of a hydrogen production electrolytic bath, and provides a steady-state load modeling method and system of the hydrogen production electrolytic bath, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the operation characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolytic bath, and constructing an active power model of the electrolytic bath and a reactive power model of the electrolytic bath; establishing a universal dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system and an auxiliary part power consumption model in the electrolytic hydrogen production process; and integrating the active and reactive power model of the electrolytic cell, the converter constraint, the dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system and the power consumption model of the auxiliary component to form a steady-state load model of the hydrogen production electrolytic cell. According to the method, the voltage efficiency is introduced, the polarization curve of the electrolytic cell is obtained, and the universal hydrogen storage model is constructed, so that the method can adapt to various technical routes of electrolytic hydrogen production and hydrogen storage, and has universality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production electrolyzer steady-state load modeling, and particularly relates to a hydrogen production electrolyzer steady-state load modeling method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for clean energy around the world, the use of traditional fossil fuels such as coal and oil is restricted, which promotes the process of energy transformation. Hydrogen energy, as a new type of energy, has the advantages of clean zero carbon, long-term storage, flexible and efficient, multi-energy conversion, and rich application scenarios, and has great development potential. Producing hydrogen through clean electricity is an important way for the hydrogen energy industry to deeply decarbonize and promote renewable energy consumption and storage. It is estimated that by 2060, the scale of hydrogen energy utilization in China will be close to 86 million tons, of which green hydrogen will account for more than 90%, and the energy consumption for hydrogen production will account for nearly 20% of the total energy consumption of society. Green hydrogen production will become one of the most important loads of the power system, so mastering the load characteristics of electrolytic hydrogen production is of great significance for the optimal planning and stable operation of the power system.

[0003] Currently, there is a lack of related research on the power load modeling of hydrogen production electrolyzers. The research on electrolyzer models mainly focuses on the chemical reaction characteristics and energy conversion efficiency, and rarely considers the influence of the reactive power and other electrical characteristics of the combination of the electrolyzer and the power electronic converter on the power grid. In addition, each model is only applicable to a single type of electrolyzer, and the applicability and generalizability in different engineering applications are also limited.

[0004] Currently, there is no specific and standard scheme for the load modeling method of hydrogen production electrolyzers. Researchers generally construct a chemical reaction mechanism model of the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen, solve the constructed model by iteratively updating the intermediate variables and process variables, and analyze the dynamic response characteristics of the key operating parameters to adapt to the needs of power system analysis.

[0005] Current research on electrolytic hydrogen production models is mainly based on the chemical reaction mechanism, and the formed model is mainly used to describe the chemical reaction characteristics and energy conversion efficiency under different working conditions, and is only applicable to this technical route, without universality and generalizability. Current research on electrolytic hydrogen production models almost does not consider the reactive power regulation capability of the electrolyzer, nor does it model the power transmission capability of the power electronic converter, and the coupling depth of the constructed model with the power grid is insufficient, with poor adaptability in the power system. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a hydrogen production electrolyzer steady-state load modeling method and system to solve the problem of poor adaptability of existing modeling schemes in the power system.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a hydrogen production electrolyzer steady-state load modeling method, comprising: Obtaining hydrogen production electrolyzer operating characteristic parameters, constructing an active power model of the electrolyzer, and a reactive power model of the electrolyzer; Establishing a universal dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system and an auxiliary component power consumption model of the electrolytic hydrogen production process; Integrating the active and reactive power models of the electrolyzer itself, the converter constraints, the hydrogen storage system dynamic model, and the auxiliary component power consumption model to form a hydrogen production electrolyzer steady-state load model.

[0008] Further, the obtaining hydrogen production electrolyzer operating characteristic parameters, constructing an active power model of the electrolyzer, comprises: Based on the relationship between the single cell voltage and current described by the electrolyzer polarization curve and the Faraday electrolysis law, the quantitative correlation between the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer and the direct current power consumed by the electrolyzer is established; according to the grid-connected mode of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, the power transmission relationship between the grid side and the electrolyzer side is determined, and the grid interaction power is associated with the internal electrochemical reaction parameters of the electrolyzer; an equivalent ZIP load model of the active power absorbed by the electrolyzer from the grid is established, and at the same time, according to the allowable current density range and dynamic response characteristics of the electrolyzer, the active power is subjected to upper and lower limit constraints, start-stop time constraints and power ramping rate constraints.

[0009] Further, it specifically comprises: First, the correlation between the hydrogen production amount of the electrolyzer and the electric power is constructed; The single cell voltage of the electrolyzer for electrolytic hydrogen production reaction is represented by the following formula:

[0010] Among them, represents the single cell voltage of the electrolyzer; represents the reversible voltage of the electrolysis reaction; represents the activation overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; represents the ohmic overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; represents the concentration difference overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; and the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer is calculated as:

[0011]

[0012] Among them, represents the thermoneutral voltage of the electrolysis reaction; represents the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer; n represents the total number of series single cells of the electrolyzer; I represents the current intensity passing through the electrolyzer; represents the terminal voltage of the electrolyzer; According to Faraday's first law, the hydrogen production of the electrolytic cell and the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell have the following relationship:

[0013] wherein, represents the molar production of hydrogen in the electrolytic cell per unit time; represents the Faraday efficiency; F represents the Faraday constant; The direct current efficiency of the electrolytic cell is:

[0014] Accordingly, the mass production of hydrogen in the electrolytic cell per unit time and the consumed direct current power are respectively:

[0015]

[0016] wherein, represents the mass production of hydrogen in the electrolytic cell per unit time; represents the molar mass of hydrogen; represents the direct current power consumed by the electrolytic cell; Secondly, the association between the electrolytic cell and the power system is constructed;

[0017] wherein, c ( I ) represents the duty cycle d ( I ) in the large-scale centralized electrolytic hydrogen production scenario, and represents the modulation factor m ( I ) in the distributed electrolytic hydrogen production scenario; represents the rated value of the grid-side terminal voltage; the coefficient k is 1 in the distributed electrolytic hydrogen production scenario, and is calculated by the following formula in the large-scale centralized electrolytic hydrogen production scenario:

[0018] wherein, and represent the rated values of the power electronic converter and the electrolytic cell current intensity respectively; The equivalent ZIP model of the hydrogen production electrolytic cell active power is represented as:

[0019] wherein, represents the active power of the electrolytic cell, represents the rated voltage of the electrolytic cell, a 0,a 1. a 2 represents the active constant power coefficient, active constant current coefficient, and active constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively.

[0020] Constraints on the active power model of a hydrogen electrolyzer: The active power of the electrolytic cell is subject to the following constraints:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023] in, and These represent the minimum active power and rated active power required for the electrolytic cell to maintain normal operation, respectively. and These represent the upward and downward ramp rates of the electrolytic cell, respectively. Indicates the scheduling period; and These represent the response times for activating and deactivating the electrolytic cell, respectively.

[0024] Furthermore, the reactive power model of the electrolytic cell includes: For loads based on power electronic converters, reactive power output is managed through power factor (PF) control, as shown in the following equation:

[0025] The equivalent ZIP model of the reactive power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as:

[0026] in, This indicates the reactive power of the electrolytic cell. b 0、 b 1. b 2 represents the reactive constant power coefficient, reactive constant current coefficient, and reactive constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively; Reactive power is obtained through the droop equation:

[0027] in, and These represent the droop values ​​under overvoltage and undervoltage conditions, respectively, obtained from the voltage-reactive power droop characteristic curve.

[0028] Furthermore, based on the constructed active and reactive power models, a constraint is imposed on the total apparent power transmission capacity of the grid-connected power electronic converter. The constraint conditions are as follows:

[0029] in, Power transfer limitations for power electronic converters.

[0030] Furthermore, the establishment of a generalized dynamic model for the hydrogen storage system includes: The total hydrogen production from the electrolyzer is distributed to different storage systems:

[0031] in, This represents the portion of the total hydrogen production allocated to storage system s; S is the set of available hydrogen storage systems within the electrolysis hydrogen production system; the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in storage system s during time period t depends on its hydrogen storage state SOCH, defined as follows:

[0032] in, This represents the maximum storage capacity of the storage system s at time t; The actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t is calculated using the following formula:

[0033] in, This represents the actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t-1; This represents the hydrogen production input into the storage system s at time t; Let represent the amount of hydrogen consumed by the storage system at time t; if the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the above formula becomes:

[0034] in, Indicates the time step.

[0035] Furthermore, the power consumption model for auxiliary components in the electrolytic hydrogen production process includes: The hydrogen compressor model is shown in the following equation:

[0036] in, Indicates the mechanical efficiency of the compressor; Indicates volumetric efficiency; Indicates isentropic efficiency; The minimum adiabatic work is expressed by the following formula:

[0037] in, k Represents the isentropic index. RRepresents the gas constant. Indicates the gas inlet temperature. β Indicates the compression ratio; The water pump model is shown in the following formula:

[0038] in, The water consumption of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The power consumption of the pump is expressed as follows:

[0039] in, Indicates the specific gravity of water; H Indicates the pump's head; This indicates the pump's efficiency.

[0040] Secondly, the present invention provides a steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer, comprising: The power model construction module is used to obtain the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer, and to construct the active power model and reactive power model of the electrolyzer. The auxiliary model building module is used to establish a generalized dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system and a power consumption model of auxiliary components in the electrolysis hydrogen production process. The integration module is used to integrate the active and reactive power models of the electrolyzer itself, the converter constraints, the dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system, and the power consumption model of auxiliary components to form a steady-state load model of the hydrogen production electrolyzer.

[0041] Furthermore, the acquisition of operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer and the construction of an active power model for the electrolyzer include: Based on the voltage-current relationship of a single cell described by the electrolyzer polarization curve and Faraday's law of electrolysis, a quantitative correlation is established between the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer and its consumed DC power. According to the grid connection mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production system, the power transmission relationship between the grid side and the electrolyzer side is determined, and the grid interaction power is correlated with the electrochemical reaction parameters inside the electrolyzer. An equivalent ZIP load model of the active power absorbed by the electrolyzer from the grid is established. At the same time, based on the allowable current density range and dynamic response characteristics of the electrolyzer, upper and lower operating limits, start-up and shutdown time constraints, and power ramp-up rate constraints are applied to the active power.

[0042] Furthermore, specifically including: First, the relationship between hydrogen production and electrical power of the electrolyzer is established; The voltage of a single cell in an electrolyzer for hydrogen production is expressed by the following formula:

[0043] in, This indicates the voltage of a single cell in the electrolytic cell; The voltage representing the reversible reaction of an electrolysis reaction; This represents the activation overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; This represents the ohmic overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; Represent the concentration overvoltage of the electrolytic reaction; calculate the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer:

[0044]

[0045] in, This represents the thermal neutral voltage of the electrolysis reaction; Indicates the voltage efficiency of the electrolytic cell; n Indicates the total number of individual cells connected in series in the electrolytic cell; I This indicates the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell; Indicates the terminal voltage of the electrolytic cell; According to Faraday's first law, the hydrogen production of an electrolyzer is related to the current intensity passing through the electrolyzer as follows:

[0046] in, This indicates the molar yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates Faraday efficiency; F Denotes Faraday's constant; The DC efficiency of the electrolytic cell is:

[0047] Therefore, the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time and the DC power consumed by the electrolyzer are respectively:

[0048]

[0049] in, This indicates the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates the molar mass of hydrogen gas; This indicates the DC power consumed by the electrolytic cell; Secondly, the connection between the electrolytic cell and the power system is established;

[0050] in, c ( I In large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, this represents the duty cycle. d ( I In a distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenario, the modulation factor is represented. m ( I ); Indicates the rated value of the voltage at the grid side; coefficient k In distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, the value is taken as 1. In large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, it is calculated using the following formula:

[0051] in, and These represent the rated current intensity of the power electronic converter and the electrolytic cell, respectively. The equivalent ZIP model of the active power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as:

[0052] in, This indicates the power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the rated voltage of the electrolytic cell. a 0、 a 1. a 2 represents the active constant power coefficient, active constant current coefficient, and active constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively.

[0053] Constraints on the active power model of a hydrogen electrolyzer: The active power of the electrolytic cell is subject to the following constraints:

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] in, and These represent the minimum active power and rated active power required for the electrolytic cell to maintain normal operation, respectively. and These represent the upward and downward ramp rates of the electrolytic cell, respectively. Indicates the scheduling period; and These represent the response times for activating and deactivating the electrolytic cell, respectively.

[0057] Furthermore, the reactive power model of the electrolytic cell includes: For loads based on power electronic converters, reactive power output is managed through power factor (PF) control, as shown in the following equation:

[0058] The equivalent ZIP model of the reactive power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as:

[0059] in, This indicates the reactive power of the electrolytic cell. b 0、 b 1. b 2 represents the reactive constant power coefficient, reactive constant current coefficient, and reactive constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively; Reactive power is obtained through the droop equation:

[0060] in, and These represent the droop values ​​under overvoltage and undervoltage conditions, respectively, obtained from the voltage-reactive power droop characteristic curve.

[0061] Furthermore, based on the constructed active and reactive power models, a constraint is imposed on the total apparent power transmission capacity of the grid-connected power electronic converter. The constraint conditions are as follows:

[0062] in, Power transfer limitations for power electronic converters.

[0063] Furthermore, the establishment of a generalized dynamic model for the hydrogen storage system includes: The total hydrogen production from the electrolyzer is distributed to different storage systems:

[0064] in, This represents the portion of the total hydrogen production allocated to storage system s; S is the set of available hydrogen storage systems within the electrolysis hydrogen production system; the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in storage system s during time period t depends on its hydrogen storage state SOCH, defined as follows:

[0065] in, This represents the maximum storage capacity of the storage system s at time t; The actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t is calculated using the following formula:

[0066] in, This represents the actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t-1; This represents the hydrogen production input into the storage system s at time t; Let represent the amount of hydrogen consumed by the storage system at time t; if the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the above formula becomes:

[0067] in, Indicates the time step.

[0068] Furthermore, the power consumption model for auxiliary components in the electrolytic hydrogen production process includes: The hydrogen compressor model is shown in the following equation:

[0069] in, Indicates the mechanical efficiency of the compressor; Indicates volumetric efficiency; Indicates isentropic efficiency; The minimum adiabatic work is expressed by the following formula:

[0070] in, k Represents the isentropic index. R Represents the gas constant. Indicates the gas inlet temperature. β Indicates the compression ratio; The water pump model is shown in the following formula:

[0071] in, The water consumption of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The power consumption of the pump is expressed as follows:

[0072] in, Indicates the specific gravity of water; H Indicates the pump's head; This indicates the pump's efficiency.

[0073] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer.

[0074] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer.

[0075] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects: This invention, by considering the conversion characteristics of hydrogen production and power consumption in electrolyzers, as well as the physical characteristics and power transmission capabilities of power electronic converters, constructs active power models, reactive power models, and models of hydrogen storage systems and other auxiliary components for hydrogen production electrolyzers. It clarifies constraints such as the minimum stable power consumption, rated power, ramp-up capability, and start-up / shutdown time of the electrolyzer, the power transmission limitations of the power electronic converter, and the hydrogen storage state of the hydrogen storage system, ultimately forming a power load model for the electrolytic hydrogen production system. This invention, by introducing voltage efficiency and obtaining the electrolyzer polarization curve, and constructing a universal hydrogen storage model, can adapt to various electrolytic hydrogen production and storage technologies, possessing universality and versatility. Secondly, this invention incorporates the reactive power regulation capability of the electrolyzer and the power transmission capability of the power electronic converter into the modeling process, making the constructed model more suitable for power system analysis and research. Thirdly, this invention comprehensively considers multiple factors such as the minimum stable power consumption, ramp-up capability, and response time of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, making the constructed model more suitable for practical application scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0076] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the electrolytic hydrogen production system architecture under grid-connected conditions according to the present invention.

[0077] Figure 2 This is a topology diagram of the 22-node power system of the present invention.

[0078] Figure 3 The voltage amplitude of bus 10 under different power factors according to the present invention.

[0079] Figure 4 The utilization rate of line 18-10 under different power factors according to the present invention.

[0080] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0081] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Explanation of relevant terms: 1. Hydrogen electrolyzer: A device that uses electricity to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen, converting electrical energy into chemical energy.

[0082] 2. Power load model: A mathematical model that characterizes the dynamic characteristics of load power as a function of voltage, frequency and time.

[0083] 3. Steady-state load model: A mathematical model that reflects the changes in power (active and reactive) of electrical load as voltage and frequency change.

[0084] 4. Active power: refers to the amount of alternating current energy actually generated or consumed per unit time.

[0085] 5. Reactive power: refers to the power that is exchanged between reactive components and the power source in an AC circuit without consuming energy.

[0086] Example 1, please refer to Figure 5 This invention provides a method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer, comprising: Obtain the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer, and construct the active power model and reactive power model of the electrolyzer. Establish a generalized dynamic model for hydrogen storage systems and a power consumption model for auxiliary components in the electrolysis hydrogen production process; The active and reactive power models of the electrolyzer itself, the converter constraints, the dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system, and the power consumption model of auxiliary components are integrated to form a steady-state load model of the hydrogen production electrolyzer.

[0087] This invention constructs active and reactive power models for hydrogen production electrolyzers based on the conversion characteristics of hydrogen production and power consumption in electrolyzers, as well as the physical characteristics and power transmission capabilities of power electronic converters. Simultaneously, it constructs models for the hydrogen storage system and other auxiliary components, clarifying constraints such as the minimum stable power consumption, rated power, ramp-up capability, start-up and shutdown time of the electrolyzer, power transmission limitations of the power electronic converter, and the hydrogen storage state of the hydrogen storage system. This forms a power load model for the electrolytic hydrogen production system. This model is adaptable to various hydrogen production and storage technologies, enables power system flow analysis, and provides guidance for stable grid operation and optimized dispatching.

[0088] Example 2: This invention provides a method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer, comprising: This invention, by considering the conversion characteristics of hydrogen production and power consumption in an electrolyzer, as well as the physical characteristics and power transmission capabilities of a power electronic converter, constructs active power models, reactive power models, and models of a hydrogen storage system and other auxiliary components for a hydrogen production electrolyzer. It clarifies the minimum stable power consumption, rated power, ramp-up capability, start-up and shutdown time of the electrolyzer, the power transmission limitations of the power electronic converter, and the hydrogen storage status of the hydrogen storage system, ultimately forming a power load model for the electrolytic hydrogen production system.

[0089] The specific modeling method is as follows. The architecture of the electrolytic hydrogen production system under grid-connected conditions is as follows: Figure 1As shown, the system includes modules such as a power electronic converter, an electrolyzer, a pump, a compressor, a hydrogen storage tank, and a hydrogen load. The AC power from the grid is converted to DC power by the power electronic converter and then input into the electrolyzer to drive the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction. Water required for the reaction is supplied to the electrolyzer by a pump driven by AC power from the grid. The water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen in the electrolyzer, with the hydrogen product being compressed by a compressor driven by AC power from the grid and then stored in the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen load to meet the user's hydrogen demand. This invention ignores auxiliary systems such as gas separation units, cooling units, and water desalination devices required for electrolytic hydrogen production.

[0090] The core of this invention lies in constructing a steady-state load model for a hydrogen production electrolyzer. The steady-state load model of the electrolyzer includes an active power model and a reactive power model.

[0091] I. Active power model of an electrolytic cell: 1. First, establish the relationship between hydrogen production and electrical power of the electrolyzer.

[0092] The voltage of a single cell in an electrolyzer for hydrogen production can be expressed by the following formula:

[0093] in, This indicates the voltage of a single cell in the electrolytic cell; The voltage representing the reversible reaction of an electrolysis reaction; This represents the activation overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; This represents the ohmic overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; This represents the concentration overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction. The polarization curves describing the voltage of a single cell in the electrolyzer can be provided by the electrolyzer equipment manufacturer. Furthermore, the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer can be calculated.

[0094]

[0095] in, This represents the thermal neutral voltage of the electrolysis reaction, which is 1.48V under standard conditions (25℃, 101.325kPa). It represents the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer, used to assess the deviation between actual and ideal operating conditions; n Indicates the total number of individual cells connected in series in the electrolytic cell; I This indicates the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell; This indicates the terminal voltage of the electrolytic cell.

[0096] According to Faraday's first law, the hydrogen production of an electrolyzer is related to the current intensity passing through the electrolyzer as follows:

[0097] in, This indicates the molar yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates Faraday efficiency; F This represents the Faraday constant.

[0098] The DC efficiency of the electrolyzer (the ratio of output hydrogen energy to input electrolyzer energy) is:

[0099] Therefore, the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time and the DC power consumed by the electrolyzer are respectively:

[0100]

[0101] in, This indicates the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates the molar mass of hydrogen gas; This indicates the DC power consumed by the electrolyzer. This establishes a correlation between hydrogen production and the electrolyzer's power consumption.

[0102] 2. Next, establish the connection between the electrolytic cell and the power system.

[0103] Current methods for producing hydrogen by electrolysis include centralized and distributed approaches. Large-scale centralized hydrogen electrolysis systems are typically connected to the power grid via back-to-back converters, which consist of an AC / DC conversion stage and a DC / DC conversion stage. The AC / DC converter maintains a stable DC-side voltage close to its rated value. Subsequently, through duty cycle d ( I )( d ∈[0,1]) Adjusting the converter voltage on the electrolytic cell side in the DC / DC converter stage To make it at 0~ Within the range.

[0104] Distributed electrolysis hydrogen production systems typically employ a single-stage AC / DC converter, using d-axis current. I d Controlling active power. This involves controlling the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell. I AC / DC converters adjust the modulation factor m ( I This changes the output voltage applied to both sections of the electrolytic cell. Therefore, by adjusting the supply voltage applied to both ends of the electrolyzer based on its polarization curve, the current intensity passing through the electrolyzer can be controlled. I This controls the DC power input to the electrolytic cell, thereby enabling the control of the DC power. Control.

[0105]

[0106] in, c ( I In large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, this represents the duty cycle. d ( I In a distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenario, the modulation factor is represented. m ( I ); Indicates the rated value of the voltage at the grid side; coefficient k In distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, the value is taken as 1. In large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, it can be calculated using the following formula:

[0107] in, and These represent the rated current intensity of the power electronic converter and the electrolytic cell, respectively.

[0108] 3. The equivalent ZIP model of the active power of the hydrogen electrolyzer can be expressed as:

[0109] in, This indicates the power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the rated voltage of the electrolytic cell. a 0、 a 1. a 2 represents the active constant power coefficient, active constant current coefficient, and active constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively.

[0110] 4. Constraints on the active power model of the hydrogen electrolyzer: Active power of the electrolytic cell Limited by its technical characteristics—due to the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell I The upper limit is determined by its maximum current density. i max and the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the electrolytic cell A The decision, therefore, is based on the active power of the electrolytic cell. There is an upper limit Meanwhile, to prevent the risk of explosion caused by product gas doping at low current densities, the active power of the electrolytic cell must not be lower than a specific value. To ensure operational safety, the active power of the electrolytic cell is subject to the following constraints:

[0111] Furthermore, in the multi-time period analysis, the active power variation of the electrolyzer was also analyzed. It is also limited by start-stop time and climbing ability, therefore the following constraints must be met:

[0112]

[0113] in, and These represent the minimum active power and rated active power required for the electrolytic cell to maintain normal operation, respectively. and These represent the upward and downward ramp rates of the electrolytic cell, respectively. Indicates the scheduling period; and These represent the response times for activating and deactivating the electrolytic cell, respectively.

[0114] II. Reactive power model of electrolytic cell: As a load based on power electronic converters, hydrogen electrolyzers can also provide reactive power support. Their reactive power output is managed through power factor (PF) control, as shown in the following equation:

[0115] Accordingly, the equivalent ZIP model of the reactive power of the hydrogen electrolyzer can be expressed as:

[0116] in, This indicates the reactive power of the electrolytic cell. b 0、 b 1. b 2 represents the reactive constant power coefficient, reactive constant current coefficient, and reactive constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively.

[0117] Currently, the value of electrolyzers is mainly reflected in hydrogen production and sales to industrial users; therefore, the power factor is typically controlled to be close to 1. However, for weak power grids prone to voltage control issues, the reactive power regulation capability of electrolyzers can be used to provide voltage management services. In this case, the reactive power can be obtained through the droop equation:

[0118] in, and These represent the droop values ​​under overvoltage and undervoltage conditions, respectively, and can be obtained from the voltage-reactive power droop characteristic curve.

[0119] III. Power Transfer Limitations of Power Electronic Converters: Based on the active and reactive power models of hydrogen electrolyzers, the power transfer limitations of power electronic converters. The following conditions must be met:

[0120] IV. Hydrogen storage system model and its constraints: For hydrogen storage systems, to achieve hydrogen storage availability assessment independent of storage system type, this invention employs a mole-number-based modeling method. Considering that multiple hydrogen storage systems may be deployed within the same electrolysis hydrogen production system, the total hydrogen production from the electrolyzer can be allocated to different storage systems:

[0121] in, This represents the portion of the total hydrogen production allocated to storage system s; S is the set of available hydrogen storage systems within the electrolysis hydrogen production system. During the time interval t, the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in storage system s depends on its hydrogen storage state SOCH, defined as follows:

[0122] in, This represents the maximum storage capacity of the storage system s at time t; The actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t can be calculated using the following formula:

[0123] in, This represents the actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t-1; This represents the hydrogen production input into the storage system s at time t; This represents the amount of hydrogen consumed by the storage system at time t. If the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the above formula can be further expressed as:

[0124] in, This indicates the time step. If hydrogen is input into the natural gas network for storage, the corresponding formula corresponds to the natural gas flow calculation model, which requires ensuring that the node pressure, pipeline gas flow rate, and gas mixture quality parameters are within safe ranges.

[0125] V. Other auxiliary component models: The hydrogen compressor model is shown in the following equation:

[0126] in, Indicates the mechanical efficiency of the compressor; Indicates volumetric efficiency; Indicates isentropic efficiency; The minimum adiabatic work can be calculated using the following formula:

[0127] in, k Represents the isentropic index. R Represents the gas constant. Indicates the gas inlet temperature. β This indicates the compression ratio.

[0128] The water pump model is shown in the following formula:

[0129] in, The water consumption of the electrolyzer is indicated by the equipment manufacturer. The power consumption of the pump can be expressed as:

[0130] in, Indicates the specific gravity of water; H Indicates the pump's head; This indicates the pump's efficiency.

[0131] The electrolytic hydrogen production load model constructed above is universal and applicable to various technical routes. The model parameters can be adjusted only according to the physical characteristics and operational constraints of the technology.

[0132] Example 3: This invention considers a proton exchange membrane electrolysis hydrogen production system with a rated power of the electrolyzer and a power electronic converter that has transmission limitations. The minimum stable power of the electrolyzer is 5% of the rated power; the DC efficiency of the electrolyzer decreases linearly from 40 kWh / kgH2 to 48 kWh / kgH2 within the range of 5%-100% of the rated power. Ignoring the losses of the power electronic converter, by adjusting the switching strategy of the power electronic converter, the power consumption of the electrolyzer can be made "insensitive" to voltage fluctuations, and the electrolyzer can be considered as a constant power load. a 0=1, a 1= a 2=0, b 0=1, b 1= b 2=0. This electrolysis hydrogen production system is connected to Figure 2 The hydrogen produced by bus 10 of the power grid shown is used to supply fuel cell electric vehicle users.

[0133] Based on the constructed electrolytic hydrogen production load model, the voltage amplitude of bus 10 and the utilization rate of line 18-10 under different power factors were obtained through simulation, providing an application example for the power flow analysis of electrolytic hydrogen production load.

[0134] In another embodiment of the present invention, a steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen production electrolyzer is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned steady-state load modeling method for a hydrogen production electrolyzer. Specifically, the system includes: The power model construction module is used to obtain the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer, and to construct the active power model and reactive power model of the electrolyzer. The auxiliary model building module is used to establish a generalized dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system and a power consumption model of auxiliary components in the electrolysis hydrogen production process. The integration module is used to integrate the active and reactive power models of the electrolyzer itself, the converter constraints, the dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system, and the power consumption model of auxiliary components to form a steady-state load model of the hydrogen production electrolyzer.

[0135] The module division in this embodiment of the invention is illustrative and represents only one logical functional division. In actual implementation, other division methods may be used. Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the invention can be integrated into a single processor, exist as separate physical entities, or be integrated into a single module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0136] In another embodiment of the present invention, a computer device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor executes the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing and control core of the terminal, suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the computer storage medium to achieve a corresponding method flow or corresponding function. The processor described in this embodiment of the present invention can be used in the operation of a steady-state load modeling method for a hydrogen electrolyzer.

[0137] In another embodiment of the present invention, a storage medium is provided, specifically a computer-readable storage medium (Memory), which is a memory device in a computer device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the computer-readable storage medium here can include both the built-in storage medium in the computer device and extended storage media supported by the computer device. The computer-readable storage medium provides storage space that stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more computer programs (including program code). It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium here can be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. The processor can load and execute one or more instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium to implement the corresponding steps of the steady-state load modeling method for a hydrogen electrolyzer in the above embodiments.

[0138] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0139] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0140] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxesFigure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0141] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0142] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer, characterized in that, include: Obtain the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer, and construct the active power model and reactive power model of the electrolyzer. Establish a generalized dynamic model for hydrogen storage systems and a power consumption model for auxiliary components in the electrolysis hydrogen production process; The active and reactive power models of the electrolyzer itself, the converter constraints, the dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system, and the power consumption model of auxiliary components are integrated to form a steady-state load model of the hydrogen production electrolyzer.

2. The method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer and constructing the active power model of the electrolyzer includes: Based on the voltage-current relationship of a single cell described by the electrolyzer polarization curve and Faraday's law of electrolysis, a quantitative correlation is established between the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer and its consumed DC power. According to the grid connection mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production system, the power transmission relationship between the grid side and the electrolyzer side is determined, and the grid interaction power is correlated with the electrochemical reaction parameters inside the electrolyzer. An equivalent ZIP load model of the active power absorbed by the electrolyzer from the grid is established. At the same time, based on the allowable current density range and dynamic response characteristics of the electrolyzer, upper / lower operating limits, start-up and shutdown time constraints, and power ramp-up rate constraints are applied to the active power.

3. The method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 2, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: First, the relationship between hydrogen production and electrical power of the electrolyzer is established; The voltage of a single cell in an electrolyzer for hydrogen production is expressed by the following formula: in, This indicates the voltage of a single cell in the electrolytic cell; The voltage representing the reversible reaction of an electrolysis reaction; This represents the activation overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; This represents the ohmic overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; Represent the concentration overvoltage of the electrolytic reaction; calculate the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer: in, Indicates the thermal neutral voltage of the electrolysis reaction; Indicates the voltage efficiency of the electrolytic cell; n Indicates the total number of individual cells connected in series in the electrolytic cell; I This indicates the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell; Indicates the terminal voltage of the electrolytic cell; According to Faraday's first law, the hydrogen production of an electrolyzer is related to the current intensity passing through the electrolyzer as follows: in, This indicates the molar yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates Faraday efficiency; F Denotes Faraday's constant; The DC efficiency of the electrolytic cell is: Therefore, the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time and the DC power consumed by the electrolyzer are respectively: in, This indicates the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates the molar mass of hydrogen gas; This indicates the DC power consumed by the electrolytic cell; Secondly, the connection between the electrolytic cell and the power system is established; in, c ( I In the context of large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production, this represents the duty cycle. d ( I In a distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenario, the modulation factor is represented. m ( I ); Indicates the rated value of the voltage at the grid side; coefficient k In distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, the value is taken as 1. In large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, it is calculated using the following formula: in, and These represent the rated current intensity of the power electronic converter and the electrolytic cell, respectively. The equivalent ZIP model of the active power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as: in, This indicates the power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the rated voltage of the electrolytic cell. a 0、 a 1. a 2 represents the active constant power coefficient, active constant current coefficient, and active constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively; Constraints on the active power model of a hydrogen electrolyzer: The active power of the electrolytic cell is subject to the following constraints: in, and These represent the minimum active power and rated active power required for the electrolytic cell to maintain normal operation, respectively. and These represent the upward and downward ramp rates of the electrolytic cell, respectively. Indicates the scheduling period; and These represent the response times for activating and deactivating the electrolytic cell, respectively.

4. The method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The reactive power model of the electrolytic cell includes: Based on the load of the power electronic converter, the reactive power output of the electrolytic cell is managed by power factor (PF) control, as shown in the following formula: The equivalent ZIP model of the reactive power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as: in, This indicates the reactive power of the electrolytic cell. b 0、 b 1. b 2 represents the reactive constant power coefficient, reactive constant current coefficient, and reactive constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively; Reactive power is obtained through the droop equation: in, and These represent the droop values ​​under overvoltage and undervoltage conditions, respectively, obtained from the voltage-reactive power droop characteristic curve.

5. The method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 4, characterized in that, Based on the constructed active and reactive power models, a constraint is imposed on the total apparent power transfer capability of the grid-connected power electronic converter. The constraint conditions are as follows: in, Power transfer limitations for power electronic converters.

6. The method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of a generalized dynamic model for hydrogen storage systems includes: The total hydrogen production from the electrolyzer is distributed to different storage systems: in, This represents the portion of the total hydrogen production allocated to storage system s; S is the set of available hydrogen storage systems within the electrolysis hydrogen production system; the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in storage system s during time period t depends on its hydrogen storage state SOCH, defined as follows: in, This represents the maximum storage capacity of the storage system s at time t; The actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t-1; This represents the hydrogen production input into the storage system s at time t; Let represent the amount of hydrogen consumed by the storage system at time t; if the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the above formula can be expressed as: in, Indicates the time step.

7. The method for modeling the steady-state load of a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power consumption model for auxiliary components in the electrolytic hydrogen production process includes: The hydrogen compressor model is shown in the following equation: in, Indicates the mechanical efficiency of the compressor; Indicates volumetric efficiency; Indicates isentropic efficiency; The minimum adiabatic work is expressed by the following formula: in, k Represents the isentropic index. R Represents the gas constant. Indicates the gas inlet temperature. β Indicates the compression ratio; The water pump model is shown in the following formula: in, The water consumption of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The power consumption of the pump is expressed as follows: in, Indicates the specific gravity of water; H Indicates the pump's head; This indicates the pump's efficiency.

8. A steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer, characterized in that, include: The power model construction module is used to obtain the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer, and to construct the active power model and reactive power model of the electrolyzer. The auxiliary model building module is used to establish a generalized dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system and a power consumption model of auxiliary components in the electrolysis hydrogen production process. The integration module is used to integrate the active and reactive power models of the electrolyzer itself, the converter constraints, the dynamic model of the hydrogen storage system, and the power consumption model of auxiliary components to form a steady-state load model of the hydrogen production electrolyzer.

9. A steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the operating characteristic parameters of the hydrogen production electrolyzer and constructing the active power model of the electrolyzer includes: Based on the voltage-current relationship of a single cell described by the electrolyzer polarization curve and Faraday's law of electrolysis, a quantitative correlation is established between the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer and its consumed DC power. According to the grid connection mode of the electrolysis hydrogen production system, the power transmission relationship between the grid side and the electrolyzer side is determined, and the grid interaction power is correlated with the electrochemical reaction parameters inside the electrolyzer. An equivalent ZIP load model of the active power absorbed by the electrolyzer from the grid is established. At the same time, based on the allowable current density range and dynamic response characteristics of the electrolyzer, upper and lower operating limits, start-up and shutdown time constraints, and power ramp-up rate constraints are applied to the active power.

10. A steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 9, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes: First, the relationship between hydrogen production and electrical power of the electrolyzer is established; The voltage of a single cell in an electrolyzer for hydrogen production is expressed by the following formula: in, This indicates the voltage of a single cell in the electrolytic cell; The voltage representing the reversible reaction of an electrolysis reaction; This represents the activation overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; This represents the ohmic overvoltage of the electrolysis reaction; Represent the concentration overvoltage of the electrolytic reaction; calculate the voltage efficiency of the electrolyzer: in, Indicates the thermal neutral voltage of the electrolysis reaction; Indicates the voltage efficiency of the electrolytic cell; n Indicates the total number of individual cells connected in series in the electrolytic cell; I This indicates the current intensity passing through the electrolytic cell; Indicates the terminal voltage of the electrolytic cell; According to Faraday's first law, the hydrogen production of an electrolyzer is related to the current intensity passing through the electrolyzer as follows: in, This indicates the molar yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates Faraday efficiency; F Denotes Faraday's constant; The DC efficiency of the electrolyzer is: Therefore, the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time and the DC power consumed by the electrolyzer are respectively: in, This indicates the mass yield of hydrogen per unit time in the electrolyzer; Indicates the molar mass of hydrogen gas; This indicates the DC power consumed by the electrolytic cell; Secondly, the connection between the electrolytic cell and the power system is established; in, c ( I In the context of large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production, this represents the duty cycle. d ( I In a distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenario, the modulation factor is represented. m ( I ); Indicates the rated value of the voltage at the grid side; coefficient k In distributed electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, the value is taken as 1. In large-scale centralized electrolysis hydrogen production scenarios, it is calculated using the following formula: in, and These represent the rated current intensity of the power electronic converter and the electrolytic cell, respectively. The equivalent ZIP model of the active power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as: in, This indicates the power consumption of the electrolytic cell. This indicates the rated voltage of the electrolytic cell. a 0、 a 1. a 2 represents the active constant power coefficient, active constant current coefficient, and active constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively; Constraints on the active power model of a hydrogen electrolyzer: The active power of the electrolytic cell is subject to the following constraints: in, and These represent the minimum active power and rated active power required for the electrolytic cell to maintain normal operation, respectively. and These represent the upward and downward ramp rates of the electrolytic cell, respectively. Indicates the scheduling period; and These represent the response times for activating and deactivating the electrolytic cell, respectively.

11. A steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 10, characterized in that, The reactive power model of the electrolytic cell includes: For loads based on power electronic converters, reactive power output is managed through power factor (PF) control, as shown in the following equation: The equivalent ZIP model of the reactive power of a hydrogen electrolyzer is expressed as: in, This indicates the reactive power of the electrolytic cell. b 0、 b 1. b 2 represents the reactive constant power coefficient, reactive constant current coefficient, and reactive constant impedance coefficient of the electrolytic cell load model, respectively; Reactive power is obtained through the droop equation: in, and These represent the droop values ​​under overvoltage and undervoltage conditions, respectively, obtained from the voltage-reactive power droop characteristic curve.

12. The steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 11, characterized in that, Based on the constructed active and reactive power models, a constraint is imposed on the total apparent power transfer capability of the grid-connected power electronic converter. The constraint conditions are as follows: in, Power transfer limitations for power electronic converters.

13. The steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The establishment of a generalized dynamic model for hydrogen storage systems includes: The total hydrogen production from the electrolyzer is distributed to different storage systems: in, This represents the portion of the total hydrogen production allocated to storage system s; S is the set of available hydrogen storage systems within the electrolysis hydrogen production system; the amount of hydrogen that can be stored in storage system s during time period t depends on its hydrogen storage state SOCH, defined as follows: in, This represents the maximum storage capacity of the storage system s at time t; The actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t is calculated using the following formula: in, This represents the actual amount of hydrogen stored in the storage system s at time t-1; This represents the hydrogen production input into the storage system s at time t; Let represent the amount of hydrogen consumed by the storage system at time t; if the hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage tank, the above formula becomes: in, Indicates the time step.

14. A steady-state load modeling system for a hydrogen electrolyzer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power consumption model for auxiliary components in the electrolytic hydrogen production process includes: The hydrogen compressor model is shown in the following equation: in, Indicates the mechanical efficiency of the compressor; Indicates volumetric efficiency; Indicates isentropic efficiency; The minimum adiabatic work is expressed by the following formula: in, k Represents the isentropic index. R Represents the gas constant. Indicates the gas inlet temperature. β Indicates the compression ratio; The water pump model is shown in the following formula: in, The water consumption of the electrolyzer is expressed as follows: The power consumption of the pump is expressed as follows: in, Indicates the specific gravity of water; H Indicates the pump's head; This indicates the pump's efficiency.

15. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the steady-state load modeling method for a hydrogen electrolyzer as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

16. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the steady-state load modeling method for a hydrogen electrolyzer as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images