Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna and electronic equipment, and the antenna comprises an antenna body which is used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves; the grounding plate is used for transmitting ground current; the ground current is excitation current generated by electromagnetic wave excitation on the antenna body; the antenna body is arranged at an angular point position of the grounding plate; the antenna complementary branch is arranged at the diagonal position of the antenna body on the grounding plate, and the antenna complementary branch and the antenna body are located on the same plane in the thickness direction of the grounding plate; the radiation direction of the antenna body and the radiation direction of the antenna complementary branch are complementary in space; and the antenna complementary branch is used for generating electromagnetic waves opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna body under the excitation of the ground current so as to control and reduce the gain of the antenna body and broaden the bandwidth of the antenna body. According to the invention, the technical problem that the radio frequency parameter does not meet the requirements of laws and regulations due to the overhigh antenna gain is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antennas, and more specifically, to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication devices, radio frequency (RF) parameters such as PSD (Power Spectral Density) and EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) are crucial for device certification and compliance. To meet the requirements of wireless communication standards such as WiFi, these RF parameters must be controlled within specific limits, and they are closely related to the antenna's conducted power and gain. Current solutions often reduce EIRP by decreasing conducted power to meet regulatory requirements. However, this reduction in conducted power also lowers the antenna's EIRP, as well as the effective transmission distance and signal quality. Furthermore, antenna engineers often focus on improving antenna efficiency while neglecting antenna gain when debugging different antenna patterns. When antenna gain is too high, even with a lower conducted power level, the EIRP may still exceed regulatory limits, making stable communication on the specified frequency band impossible. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an antenna and an electronic device to at least solve the technical problem in the related art where the radio frequency parameters do not meet regulatory requirements due to excessive antenna gain while keeping the conducted power constant.

[0004] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, an antenna is provided, comprising: an antenna body for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves; a ground plane for propagating ground current; the ground current being an excitation current generated by electromagnetic waves excited on the antenna body; the antenna body being disposed at a corner position of the ground plane; and an antenna complementary branch being disposed on the ground plane at a diagonal position opposite to the antenna body, and coplanar with the antenna body in the thickness direction of the ground plane; the radiation direction of the antenna body and the radiation direction of the antenna complementary branch being complementary in space; the antenna complementary branch being used to generate electromagnetic waves opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna body under the excitation of the ground current, so as to control and reduce the gain of the antenna body and widen the bandwidth of the antenna body.

[0005] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is provided, including the antenna described above.

[0006] This application proposes a method where the antenna body is positioned at a corner of the ground plane, maximizing the electromagnetic effect at the edge of the ground plane and enhancing the diversity of the antenna's radiation modes. The complementary branch is positioned diagonally opposite the antenna body on the ground plane and is on the same plane as the antenna body in the thickness direction of the ground plane. This utilizes the complementary radiation directions formed in space between the antenna body and the complementary branch, generating electromagnetic waves opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna body through ground current excitation. This complementary radiation mechanism effectively controls and reduces the gain of the antenna body, ensuring that the conducted power remains constant while avoiding the problem of exceeding RF parameter limits due to excessive antenna gain. Furthermore, the introduction of the complementary branch broadens the bandwidth of the antenna body, improving its adaptability to harsh environments and ensuring efficient operation across a wide frequency band. Even in spatially constrained environments, it maintains good RF performance, solving the technical problem in related technologies where excessive antenna gain leads to RF parameters failing to meet regulatory requirements while maintaining constant conducted power. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a front view of an antenna according to an embodiment of this application;

[0008] Figure 2 This is one of the embodiments provided in this application. Figure 1 Top view of the antenna shown;

[0009] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna in a related technology provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0010] Figure 4 This is an efficiency comparison diagram before and after adding antenna complementary branches provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0011] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of antenna gain before and after adding complementary antenna branches, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 7 This is a comparison diagram of the efficiency of an antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) before and after adding an antenna complementary branch, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0014] Figure 8 This is an antenna gain diagram of an antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) before and after adding an antenna complementary branch, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0015] Figure 9This application provides an embodiment of an antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) with an antenna complementary branch added, showing the horizontal far-field radiation pattern before and after the addition of the antenna complementary branch.

[0016] Figure 10 This is a far-field radiation pattern in the vertical direction of an antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) before and after adding an antenna complementary branch, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 11 This is a ground current distribution diagram on the ground plane before and after adding a complementary branch to an antenna (ground plane size is 60×60mm) according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0020] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, an antenna is provided that can be applied to Wi-Fi antenna scenarios. Figure 1 This is a front view of an antenna provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes: antenna body 102, ground plane 104 and antenna complementary branch 106.

[0021] The antenna body, referred to as the antenna element or radiating element, is the most basic component of the antenna system. In the embodiments of this application, the antenna body is used to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves. For example, the antenna body can be a dipole antenna, a monopole antenna, a helical antenna, a microstrip antenna, or a slot antenna.

[0022] A ground plane, typically located below or around an antenna, provides a reference potential and facilitates effective antenna operation. It not only provides a reference voltage plane but also improves the antenna's directivity and gain by reflecting electromagnetic waves, helping to form the desired radiation pattern. A ground plane can be a single metallic surface or composed of multiple conductive parts; its shape, size, and location are crucial to the effectiveness of receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves. For example, ground planes can be omnidirectional, strip-shaped, planar, or metallic. In this embodiment, the ground plane is used to propagate ground current; the ground current is the excitation current generated by electromagnetic waves on the antenna body; the antenna body is located at a corner of the ground plane. Here, the ground plane refers to a large-area conductive plane (such as a metallic plane) whose main function is to provide a propagation path for the ground current. The ground plane not only collects and propagates the ground current excited by the antenna body but also enhances the antenna's radiation performance through reflection, improving its directivity and gain, while also helping to suppress unwanted electromagnetic radiation and protect the cleanliness of the wireless communication environment. The ground current is the result of the excitation current generated by electromagnetic waves on the antenna body flowing on the ground plane. In this embodiment, selecting the corner of the ground plane as the mounting point of the antenna body can fully utilize the edge effect of the ground plane, enhance the distribution of ground current, maximize the use of the ground plane's reflection characteristics, and generate a specific electromagnetic field distribution by placing the antenna body at the corner, which helps to form an asymmetric radiation mode and optimize the antenna's radiation pattern and gain. Furthermore, the selection of the corner location also helps to achieve the optimal phase difference between the antenna body and the antenna's complementary branches, improving the overall performance of the antenna system.

[0023] Antenna complementary branches are a special type of antenna structural unit whose design follows the principle of geometric complementarity with the antenna body. In the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the antenna complementary branch is positioned diagonally opposite the antenna body on the ground plane. This placement allows the complementary branch to generate electromagnetic waves in the opposite direction of the antenna body's radiation. The superposition of these electromagnetic waves reduces the radiation intensity of the antenna body in a specific direction, thus effectively controlling the overall antenna gain. Since the complementary branch and the antenna body generate electromagnetic waves differently under ground current excitation, this differential radiation helps to broaden the antenna's bandwidth. Specifically, the resonant characteristics of the antenna body and the complementary branch at different frequencies may be complementary, allowing the entire antenna system to maintain good impedance matching and radiation efficiency over a wider frequency range, thereby increasing the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0024] Figure 2 An embodiment provided in this application Figure 1The top view of the antenna shown is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, when the antenna complementary branch and the antenna body are on the same plane in the thickness direction of the ground plane, the distribution of the electromagnetic field is optimized, ensuring that the complementary branch maximizes its effect on antenna performance adjustment. Specifically, if the antenna complementary branch and the antenna body are not on the same plane, the electromagnetic coupling between them will be weakened. This may result in the radiation effect of the antenna complementary branch not effectively complementing the radiation direction of the antenna body, thus affecting the control of antenna gain and bandwidth expansion. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic coupling between the antenna complementary branch and the antenna body is most effective when they are on the same plane as the ground plane. This means that they can interact more closely to generate the required complementary radiation modes, thereby more precisely controlling the antenna gain and expanding the bandwidth. In addition, the layout of different planes may disrupt the impedance matching inside the antenna system, causing the energy transmitted from the feed line to be reflected in the antenna, reducing the antenna efficiency and performance. Therefore, in this embodiment, the antenna body and antenna complementary branch being on the same plane helps to improve the impedance matching of the entire antenna system. Good impedance matching is the key to achieving high antenna efficiency; it ensures that the energy transmitted from the feed line to the antenna is effectively utilized by the antenna, reducing reflection and energy loss. By optimizing the relative positions of the antenna body and its complementary branches, impedance matching can be further improved, thereby increasing antenna efficiency.

[0025] The radiation direction of the antenna body and the radiation direction of the antenna's complementary branch are complementary in space. This means that the intensity of electromagnetic waves radiated by one structure in a certain direction is canceled or weakened by the radiation from another structure in the opposite direction. This arrangement utilizes the superposition principle; by adjusting the position and size of the antenna's complementary branch, the overall radiation pattern of the antenna body can be precisely controlled, reducing the radiation gain in a specific direction or overall. In this embodiment, the antenna's complementary branch is used to generate electromagnetic waves opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna body under the excitation of ground current, thereby controlling and reducing the gain of the antenna body and widening its bandwidth.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an antenna in a related technology provided in the embodiments of this application, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the relevant antenna only includes the antenna body and the ground plane. Figure 4 This is an efficiency comparison diagram provided in the embodiments of this application before and after adding antenna complementary branches, such as... Figure 4 As shown, Figure (a) shows the waveform and efficiency diagram of the antenna before adding the complementary antenna branch, and Figure (b) shows the waveform and efficiency diagram of the antenna after adding the complementary antenna branch. Figure 4It includes three curves: S11 (return loss), antenna radiation efficiency, and overall system efficiency. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents the values ​​of the corresponding parameters (return loss in dB, efficiency in %). Figure 4 The data also shows the S11 values ​​at different frequencies (e.g., S11 is approximately -4.8dB at 2.5GHz), allowing you to see the impedance matching of the antenna at different frequencies. (Comparison) Figure 4 As shown in Figures (a) and (b), after adding complementary branches to the antenna, the antenna bandwidth becomes significantly wider and is basically the same as the antenna efficiency.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a comparison diagram of antenna gain before and after adding complementary antenna branches, as provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 As shown, Figure (a) is the antenna gain diagram of the antenna before adding the complementary antenna branch, and Figure (b) is the antenna gain diagram of the antenna after adding the complementary antenna branch. Figure 5 A two-dimensional radiation pattern (showing the gain distribution in a plane) is provided, with colors representing the gain magnitude; the darker the color, the greater the gain. Figure 5 The key parameters are also marked. For example, Figure (a) specifically includes the following parameters:

[0028] Type: Farfield

[0029] Approximation (Approximation Condition): enabled (kR>>1) (Far-field approximation enabled)

[0030] Component: Abs (amplitude)

[0031] Output: Directivity

[0032] Frequency: 2.42GHz

[0033] System Radiation Eff. [AC1]: -0.0734 dB

[0034] System total efficiency [AC1]: -1.090 dB

[0035] Dir (Directivity): 4.620 dBi

[0036] Figure (b) specifically includes the following parameters:

[0037] Type: Farfield

[0038] Approximation (Approximation Condition): enabled (kR>>1) (Far-field approximation enabled)

[0039] Component: Abs (amplitude)

[0040] Output: Directivity

[0041] Frequency: 2.42GHz

[0042] System Radiation Eff. [AC1]: -0.01590 dB

[0043] System total efficiency [AC1]: -1.255 dB

[0044] Dir (Directivity): 4.015 dBi

[0045] contrast Figure 5 As shown in Figures (a) and (b), the parameters of the two are the same, the system radiation efficiency is similar, and the antenna gain decreases significantly after adding the antenna complementary branch.

[0046] The embodiments provided in this application involve placing the antenna body at a corner of the ground plane to maximize the electromagnetic effect at the edge of the ground plane and enhance the diversity of the antenna's radiation modes. The complementary branch of the antenna is placed diagonally opposite the antenna body on the ground plane and is on the same plane as the antenna body in the thickness direction of the ground plane. This utilizes the complementary radiation directions formed in space between the antenna body and the complementary branch, generating electromagnetic waves opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna body through ground current excitation. This complementary radiation mechanism effectively controls and reduces the gain of the antenna body, ensuring that the conducted power remains constant while avoiding the problem of exceeding RF parameter limits due to excessive antenna gain. Simultaneously, the introduction of the complementary branch broadens the bandwidth of the antenna body, improves the antenna's adaptability to harsh environments, and ensures efficient operation of the antenna across a wide frequency band. Even in spatially constrained environments, it maintains good RF performance, solving the technical problem in related technologies where excessive antenna gain leads to RF parameters failing to meet regulatory requirements while maintaining constant conducted power.

[0047] In one exemplary embodiment, the antenna body includes at least one feed point; the at least one feed point is electrically connected to an external radio frequency module for use as a radio frequency signal input port and for controlling the signal radiation of the antenna body; the antenna complementary branch does not include a feed point.

[0048] The external radio frequency (RF) module refers to a collection of electronic components outside the antenna system used to generate, amplify, and modulate radio frequency (RF) signals. It typically includes an RF transceiver, power amplifier, filters, and other control circuits to process the RF signals fed into or output from the antenna. The feed point is a critical part of the antenna system that connects to the external RF module; it serves as the input port for RF signals, converting the electrical signals from the RF module into electromagnetic radiation from the antenna.

[0049] In this embodiment, the antenna complementary branch does not include the feed point, which is the essential difference between the antenna complementary branch and a general MIMO antenna. The antenna complementary branch is not a MIMO antenna; its main function is to enhance and adjust the antenna itself. Furthermore, the antenna complementary branch also generates an independent resonant frequency, which is the same as or close to the resonant frequency of the antenna itself, thereby improving the overall antenna bandwidth. The resonant frequency refers to the specific frequency at which the antenna achieves its optimal performance at its design frequency. At the resonant frequency, the antenna's input impedance matches the characteristic impedance of the external feed line, allowing the antenna to most effectively receive or transmit electromagnetic waves. For example, for a half-wavelength antenna (λ / 2 antenna), resonance occurs at the frequency corresponding to half the wavelength when the antenna length is equal to half the wavelength; while for a quarter-wavelength antenna (λ / 4 antenna), resonance occurs at the frequency where the antenna length is equal to one-quarter of the wavelength.

[0050] In this embodiment, the inclusion of at least one feed point on the antenna body simplifies the antenna structure. It eliminates the need for a complex additional feed system on the complementary antenna branch, reducing unnecessary electrical connections between antenna components and making the antenna system simpler and more reliable. Although the complementary antenna branch is also part of the antenna system, its design does not include a direct feed point. This means it does not directly receive signals from an external RF module, but rather naturally generates electromagnetic waves in the opposite direction to the antenna body's radiation direction through the excitation of ground current, thus achieving complementary radiation directions.

[0051] In this embodiment, by setting the feed point only on the antenna body, the radiation characteristics of the antenna body can be precisely controlled. The complementary branch of the antenna automatically generates a complementary radiation mode by relying on the interaction between the antenna body and the ground plane, which effectively reduces the overall gain of the antenna, solves the problem of excessive antenna gain in related technologies, and meets the strict requirements of regulations on radio frequency parameters.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the error between the geometric parameters of the antenna body and the geometric parameters of the antenna complementary branch is within a preset error range; the material properties of the antenna body are similar to those of the antenna complementary branch.

[0053] The geometric parameters refer to the physical dimensional properties of the antenna, such as, but not limited to, length, width, height, area, and curvature. For example, the geometric parameters of the antenna body include its length. In this embodiment, the length of the antenna body can be one-quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body. Since the antenna length is one-quarter of the wavelength, the antenna voltage reaches its minimum at the feed point, while the current reaches its maximum at the feed point. This distribution helps to achieve impedance matching between the antenna and the feed line. When the impedance of the antenna at the feed point matches the characteristic impedance of the feed line, the energy transmission efficiency is the highest and the reflection is the least, thereby improving the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna. Furthermore, the current distribution from the feed point to the end of the antenna exhibits a phase change of π / 2 (90 degrees), which allows the antenna to change the high impedance of the feed line to the low impedance of the radiating part, and vice versa, thereby achieving impedance matching and reducing energy reflection loss between the feed line and the antenna.

[0054] In this embodiment, the error between the geometric parameters of the antenna body and the geometric parameters of the antenna complementary branch is within a preset error range (e.g., 5%), which means that the dimensions of the antenna body and the antenna complementary branch must be executed according to strict standards. A certain error is allowed, but this error must be controlled within a range that can ensure the cooperative working effect of the two.

[0055] Material properties refer to the physical and chemical properties of the antenna material, such as conductivity, dielectric constant, loss factor, and density. In this embodiment, the material properties of the antenna body are similar to those of the antenna's complementary branches, ensuring consistent responses in the electromagnetic field. This enhances electromagnetic compatibility and synergistic effects between the two, ensuring the stability and predictability of antenna performance.

[0056] This embodiment effectively reduces the antenna's radiation direction gain by precisely controlling the geometric parameters of the antenna body and its complementary branches, and ensuring consistency in their material properties. This design strategy overcomes the excessive gain problem mentioned in the background art, especially when regulatory requirements need to be met (such as the EIRP limit for WiFi certification), by reducing gain without sacrificing antenna efficiency. The complementary radiation modes generated by the antenna body and its complementary branches under ground current excitation help broaden the antenna's operating bandwidth. When both maintain consistency in material properties and geometric parameters, a more stable and wider frequency response curve can be formed, thereby improving the antenna's performance in broadband applications and solving the bandwidth problem mentioned in the background art.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment, the position where the antenna body is set on the ground plane is designated as the first position, and the position where the antenna complementary branch is set is designated as the second position; the first position and the second position are located on the diagonal of the ground plane; the point obtained by performing a central symmetry transformation on the ground plane with the center point of the ground plane as the center of symmetry on the first position is designated as the symmetry point; the straight-line distance between the second position and the symmetry point is less than or equal to a preset distance; the preset distance represents the maximum distance by which the second position deviates from the symmetry point.

[0058] The first position refers to the specific location of the antenna body on the ground plane, while the second position corresponds to the location of the antenna's complementary branch. The first and second positions are located diagonally opposite each other on the ground plane, which helps to maximize the distance between them, thereby enhancing their complementary radiation effect.

[0059] Central symmetry transformation refers to a symmetrical transformation performed on the antenna body at its first position, with the center point of the ground plane as the center of symmetry. The transformed point is the symmetry point, which is centrally symmetrical about the ground plane center relative to the first position. In other words, the symmetry point is the other corner point on the diagonal of the ground plane where the first position is located. The second position can be moved a preset distance along the diagonal of the ground plane where the first position is located. The straight-line distance between the second position and the symmetry point must be less than or equal to the preset distance to ensure that the physical relationship between the antenna complementary branch and the antenna body meets the design requirements, thereby achieving the best complementary radiation effect. The preset distance is the maximum allowable distance of the second position from the symmetry point set in the design. The preset distance can be set based on electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics, antenna size effects, and space constraints.

[0060] In this embodiment, when the antenna body and the complementary antenna branch are positioned on the diagonal of the ground plane, the maximum distance between the antenna body and the complementary antenna branch is ensured, thereby achieving a larger phase difference, which is beneficial for the complementarity of radiation modes and reduces the net gain of the antenna system. Maintaining the straight-line distance between the second position and the symmetrical point is less than or equal to a preset distance ensures the performance consistency between the complementary antenna branch and the antenna body, avoids radiation mode distortion or gain control failure caused by position deviation, effectively reduces the radiation direction gain of the antenna, and solves the problem of excessive RF parameters caused by excessive antenna gain mentioned in the background art.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, the preset distance is a preset ratio of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body.

[0062] The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is inversely proportional to its frequency, which determines the wave propagation characteristics in an electromagnetic field. Corresponding a preset distance to the wavelength ensures a specific phase match between the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna body and its complementary branches. For example, setting the preset distance to 1 / 4, 1 / 2, or 1 / 8 of the wavelength utilizes the phase reversal characteristic of electromagnetic waves to enhance the complementary effect of the radiation modes, effectively reducing the overall antenna gain. Therefore, setting the preset distance as a preset proportion of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna body ensures optimal electromagnetic coupling and complementary radiation modes between the antenna body and its complementary branches, facilitating the formation of complementary radiation modes, thereby reducing the overall antenna gain and widening the bandwidth without affecting antenna efficiency. The preset proportion can be any value within the range (0,1).

[0063] By setting the preset distance to a specific proportion of the wavelength in this embodiment, the relative position between the antenna body and the complementary branch of the antenna can be ensured, and the phase difference of the electromagnetic waves can be precisely controlled to form a complementary radiation mode. This can effectively reduce the overall radiation direction gain of the antenna without affecting the antenna efficiency, thereby optimizing the radio frequency performance.

[0064] In one exemplary embodiment, the preset distance is one-quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body.

[0065] In this embodiment, the preset distance is preferably one-quarter of the wavelength (λ) of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body. Placing the complementary branch of the antenna near the symmetrical point (at a distance not exceeding 1 / 4λ) means that it will be in the phase-sensitive region of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body. According to electromagnetic theory, 1 / 4λ of the wavelength is the phase reversal point, where the electromagnetic wave is 180 degrees out of phase before and after this point. This design ensures that the antenna body and the complementary branch form the maximum possible phase difference, thereby promoting the complementarity of the radiation modes and reducing the overall radiation gain of the antenna without significantly affecting its efficiency.

[0066] In one exemplary embodiment, the size of the ground plane directly affects the electromagnetic environment of the antenna, thereby affecting radiation efficiency, bandwidth, and directivity. For example, if the ground plane is too large, the ground current will be weak, failing to effectively excite the antenna's complementary branches and thus failing to generate significant radiation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the aspect ratio of the ground plane is a preset aspect ratio; the length of the ground plane is within a preset length range, the width of the ground plane is within a preset width range, and the length of the ground plane is greater than the width of the ground plane.

[0067] The preset aspect ratio refers to the ratio between the length and width of the ground plane. The preset length range refers to the range of possible length values ​​for the ground plane. The preset width range refers to the range of possible width values ​​for the ground plane. The preset aspect ratio is determined based on antenna performance requirements, such as gain, bandwidth, and directivity, as well as the physical limitations of the equipment. Both the preset length and preset width ranges are constrained by antenna performance targets and the internal space of the equipment, aiming to ensure that the antenna can perform optimally under specific conditions. For example, the preset aspect ratio could be 1.5:1, with a preset length range of 30mm to 50mm and a preset width range of 20mm to 33mm. Alternatively, the preset aspect ratio could be 3:1, with a preset length range of 300mm to 600mm and a preset width range of 100mm to 200mm.

[0068] In this embodiment, by controlling the dimensions (length and width) and aspect ratio of the ground plane, a reasonable aspect ratio helps the antenna operate at multiple resonant points, thereby achieving a wider operating bandwidth. Furthermore, by setting the length of the ground plane to be greater than its width, the antenna's radiation pattern tends to expand horizontally and contract vertically. This radiation characteristic is particularly suitable for indoor environments or open areas, providing extensive horizontal coverage while suppressing unwanted vertical radiation, reducing upward or downward signal leakage, and thus improving the overall system efficiency and signal quality.

[0069] In one exemplary embodiment, the resonant frequency of an antenna is closely related to the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave it radiates. The size of the ground plane affects the resonant point of the antenna, thereby affecting its efficiency and radiation characteristics. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower limit of the preset length range of the ground plane is the product of a first scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the upper limit of the preset length range is the product of a second scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the first scaling factor is greater than zero, and the second scaling factor is greater than the first scaling factor.

[0070] The first scaling factor and the second scaling factor are used to calculate the lower and upper limits of the preset length range, respectively. They are dimensionless values ​​representing the multiples of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna. The first scaling factor (the scaling factor for the lower limit) is usually smaller than the second scaling factor (the scaling factor for the upper limit), and both are greater than zero.

[0071] By setting the length of the ground plane to a certain proportion of the wavelength in this embodiment, it is possible to ensure that the antenna reaches its optimal resonance state at the target frequency, thereby improving radiation efficiency. For example, when the length of the ground plane is close to or more than a quarter wavelength, good resonance can be achieved, thus widening the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the width of the ground plane directly affects the resonant point, radiation mode, and efficiency of the antenna. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower limit of the preset width range of the ground plane is the product of a third scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the upper limit of the preset width range is the product of a fourth scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the third scaling factor is greater than zero, and the fourth scaling factor is greater than the third scaling factor; the third scaling factor is less than the first scaling factor, and the fourth scaling factor is less than the second scaling factor.

[0073] The third scaling factor is a positive value used to calculate the lower limit of the preset width range of the ground plane. It is a multiple of the wavelength and reflects the minimum width requirement of the ground plane, ensuring that the antenna can achieve basic electromagnetic performance. The fourth scaling factor is also positive, but its value is greater than that of the third scaling factor. It is used to determine the upper limit of the preset width range of the ground plane. This means that there is a maximum limit to the width of the ground plane to prevent excessive width from affecting other performance aspects or causing unnecessary waste of resources.

[0074] By setting a width range associated with the wavelength in this embodiment, it is possible to ensure that the antenna maintains a good resonant state within the target frequency range, optimize the radiation mode, improve efficiency, control the directivity and gain within the ideal range, and help the antenna achieve stable resonance at multiple frequency points, thereby widening the antenna's operating bandwidth.

[0075] In one exemplary embodiment, the preset length ranges from half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body to 1.5 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the preset width ranges from one-quarter to three-quarters of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body.

[0076] In this embodiment, the first scaling factor is 0.5, the second scaling factor is 1.5, the third scaling factor is 0.25, and the fourth scaling factor is 0.75.

[0077] When the ground plane length is close to half a wavelength, the antenna can achieve a good resonant state, meaning that the antenna can convert energy into electromagnetic waves and radiate them with high efficiency. Limiting the length to within 1.5 times the wavelength helps to control the antenna's bandwidth and ensure that it maintains stable performance at multiple frequency points, which is especially important for antennas operating in multiple frequency bands.

[0078] The width of the ground plane has a significant impact on the antenna's directivity mode and gain. When the ground plane width is between one-quarter and three-quarters of the operating wavelength, the antenna's radiation mode can be effectively controlled, avoiding excessive gain. The size of the ground plane directly affects the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between the antenna and other internal components. An excessively large ground plane may increase EMC interference with other high-frequency circuits, while an excessively small size may degrade antenna performance. By setting the width between one-quarter and three-quarters of the wavelength, antenna performance and EMC requirements can be balanced, reducing interference to other components while ensuring efficient antenna operation.

[0079] For example, assuming the antenna is used in a mobile phone, the antenna dimensions are designed based on the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the mobile phone and the requirement that the length of the antenna body be one-quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna body. Figure 6 As shown, the length of the antenna body can be 30mm (i.e., 1 / 4 wavelength), the x-direction (i.e., width) of the ground plane is 60mm (i.e., 1 / 2 wavelength), and the y-direction (i.e., length) is 150mm (i.e., 5 / 4 wavelength).

[0080] exist Figure 3 Based on the antenna structure shown, various ground plane sizes are provided as shown in Table 1, along with the corresponding gains for each size. Figure 3 After adding complementary antenna branches to the antenna structure shown, the corresponding gains for the same ground plane size are shown in Table 2.

[0081] Table 1

[0082]

[0083] Table 2

[0084]

[0085] As shown in Tables 1 and 2, taking a ground plane size of 60×180mm (6 quarter wavelengths) as an example, the resonant frequency of the antenna before adding the complementary antenna branch (ground plane size 60×180mm) is 2.48GHz; the resonant frequency of the antenna after adding the complementary antenna branch (ground plane size 60×180mm) is 2.46GHz. The efficiency of the antenna before and after adding the complementary antenna branch is basically the same, and the resonant frequencies are similar. The antenna gain was 5.24 dBi. After adding a complementary antenna branch, the antenna gain (with a ground plane size of 60×180mm) decreased to 4.97 dBi, showing a significant decrease in gain. The horizontal gain of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×180mm) before adding the complementary branch was 4.08 dBi, and after adding the complementary branch, it decreased to 3.82 dBi, again showing a significant decrease in horizontal gain. The vertical gain of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×180mm) before adding the complementary branch was 5.24 dBi, and after adding the complementary branch, it decreased to 4.93 dBi. The vertical gain decreased significantly, with the decrease in vertical gain being more pronounced than the decrease in horizontal gain. Before adding the antenna complementary branch, the maximum ground current of the ground plane (60×180mm) was 41.74 dBuV / m. After adding the antenna complementary branch, the maximum ground current of the antenna (60×180mm) was 41.993 dBuV / m. The ground current before and after adding the antenna complementary branch was basically the same. Other examples are shown in Tables 1 and 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] In some embodiments, Figure 7 An efficiency comparison diagram of an antenna (ground plane size 60×60mm) before and after adding an antenna complementary branch is provided for an embodiment of this application, as shown in the figure. Figure 7 As shown, Figure (a) shows the waveform and efficiency diagram of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) before adding the antenna complementary branch, with a resonant frequency of 2.47GHz; Figure (b) shows the waveform and efficiency diagram of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) after adding the antenna complementary branch, with resonant frequencies of 2.34 and 2.57 GHz (with obvious double resonance). Comparing Figure (a) and Figure (b), it can be seen that the efficiency of the antenna before and after adding the antenna complementary branch is basically the same, and the resonant frequencies are similar.

[0087] Figure 8Antenna gain diagrams before and after adding complementary branches to an antenna (ground plane size of 60×60mm) provided in embodiments of this application are shown below. Figure 8 As shown, Figure (a) shows the antenna gain at the 2.42 GHz resonant frequency of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60 mm) before adding the antenna complementary branch, where the antenna gain is 3.33 dBi; Figure (b) shows the antenna gain at the 2.34 GHz resonant frequency of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60 mm) after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the antenna gain at the 2.34 GHz resonant frequency is 3.87 dBi; Figure (c) shows the antenna gain at the 2.57 GHz resonant frequency of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60 mm) after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the antenna gain at the 2.57 GHz resonant frequency is 2.48 dBi. Comparing Figures (a), (b), and (c), it can be seen that the antenna gain decreases significantly before and after adding the antenna complementary branch.

[0088] Figure 9 An antenna (with a ground plane size of 60) is provided as an embodiment of this application. The far-field radiation pattern in the horizontal direction before and after adding complementary branches to the antenna (150mm), such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure (a) is the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) at the 2.42GHz resonant frequency before adding the antenna complementary branch, where the horizontal gain is 3.21dBi; Figure (b) is the antenna gain pattern of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) at the 2.34GHz resonant frequency after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the horizontal gain is 3.87dBi; Figure (c) is the antenna gain pattern of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) at the 2.57GHz resonant frequency after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the horizontal gain is 1.87dBi. Comparing Figures (a), (b), and (c), it can be seen that the horizontal gain decreases significantly before and after adding the antenna complementary branch.

[0089] Figure 10 The far-field radiation pattern in the vertical direction of an antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) provided in an embodiment of this application before and after adding an antenna complementary branch is shown below. Figure 10As shown, Figure (a) is the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) at the 2.42GHz resonant frequency before adding the antenna complementary branch, where the vertical gain is 3.31dBi; Figure (b) is the antenna gain pattern of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) at the 2.34GHz resonant frequency after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the vertical gain is 3.87dBi; Figure (c) is the antenna gain pattern of the antenna (with a ground plane size of 60×60mm) at the 2.57GHz resonant frequency after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the horizontal gain is 2.4dBi. Comparing Figures (a), (b), and (c), it can be seen that the vertical gain decreases significantly before and after adding the antenna complementary branch, and the decrease in vertical gain is more significant than the decrease in horizontal gain.

[0090] Figure 11 The ground current distribution diagram on the ground plane of an antenna (ground plane size 60×60mm) before and after adding an antenna complementary branch is provided in the embodiments of this application, as shown in the figure. Figure 11 As shown, Figure (a) shows the ground current distribution at the 2.42 GHz resonant frequency of the antenna (60×60 mm ground plane) before adding the antenna complementary branch, where the maximum ground current is 41.5675 dBuV / m; Figure (b) shows the ground current distribution at the 2.34 GHz resonant frequency of the antenna (60×60 mm ground plane) after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the maximum ground current is 43.3098 dBuV / m; Figure (c) shows the ground current distribution at the 2.57 GHz resonant frequency of the antenna (60×60 mm ground plane) after adding the antenna complementary branch, where the maximum ground current is 40.8221 dBuV / m. Comparing Figures (a), (b), and (c), it can be seen that the ground current is basically the same before and after adding the antenna complementary branch.

[0091] Comparing Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that when the ground plane length is an integer number of quarter wavelengths, the gain decreases by approximately 0.5 dB after adding the antenna complementary branch; when the ground plane length is an even number of quarter wavelengths, the ground current remains essentially the same; the gain decrease in the vertical plane of the ground plane is more significant than the gain decrease in the horizontal plane. The appearance of the antenna complementary branch weakens the original main lobe pattern, enhances the sidelobe pattern, makes the overall pattern more uniform, and reduces the maximum gain.

[0092] Comparing Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that by setting the length of the ground plane to between half and 1.5 times the wavelength, the impedance characteristics of the antenna can be controlled, making it closer to the characteristic impedance of the feed line, reducing reflections, and improving radiation efficiency. The width of the ground plane affects the current distribution on the antenna, and thus the antenna's directivity. Within a width range of one-quarter to three-quarters of the wavelength, the symmetry and balance of the current distribution on the ground plane can be optimized, thereby controlling the antenna's radiation mode, reducing antenna gain, and meeting specific directivity and EIRP requirements. When the width is one-quarter of the wavelength, the ground plane has the least impact on the antenna, and the gain may be relatively high; while when the width increases to three-quarters of the wavelength, the ground plane has a more significant impact on the current distribution on the ground plane and the antenna radiation field, helping to reduce the antenna gain while maintaining radiation efficiency.

[0093] In this embodiment, by setting the preset length range of the ground plane to one-half to 1.5 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body, and setting the preset width to one-quarter to three-quarters of the wavelength, the distribution of surface current can be optimized, unnecessary energy loss between the antenna and the ground plane can be reduced, and more energy can be effectively radiated or received.

[0094] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is provided, including the antenna of the above embodiments. Further details will not be repeated here.

[0095] Obviously, those skilled in the art should understand that the modules or steps of this application described above can be implemented using general-purpose computing devices. They can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed across a network of multiple computing devices. They can be implemented using computer-executable program code, and thus can be stored in a storage device for execution by a computing device. In some cases, the steps shown or described can be performed in a different order than those described herein, or they can be fabricated as separate integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps can be fabricated as a single integrated circuit module. Thus, this application is not limited to any particular combination of hardware and software.

[0096] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, include: The antenna itself is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic waves; Grounding plate, used to transmit ground current; The ground current is an excitation current generated by electromagnetic waves on the antenna body; the antenna body is located at a corner of the ground plane. An antenna complementary branch is disposed diagonally on the ground plane relative to the antenna body, and is coplanar with the antenna body in the thickness direction of the ground plane; the radiation direction of the antenna body and the radiation direction of the antenna complementary branch are complementary in space; the antenna complementary branch is used to generate electromagnetic waves opposite to the radiation direction of the antenna body under the excitation of the ground current, so as to control and reduce the gain of the antenna body and widen the bandwidth of the antenna body.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna body includes at least one feed point; the at least one feed point is electrically connected to an external radio frequency module and is used as a radio frequency signal input port to control the signal radiation of the antenna body; the antenna complementary branch does not include a feed point.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The error between the geometric parameters of the antenna body and the geometric parameters of the antenna complementary branch is within a preset error range; the material properties of the antenna body are similar to those of the antenna complementary branch.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna body is positioned at a first position on the ground plane, and the complementary branch of the antenna is positioned at a second position. The first position and the second position are located on the diagonal of the ground plane. The point obtained by performing a central symmetry transformation on the ground plane with the center point of the ground plane as the center of symmetry on the first position is the symmetry point. The straight-line distance between the second position and the symmetry point is less than or equal to a preset distance. The preset distance represents the maximum distance by which the second position deviates from the symmetry point.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The preset distance is one-quarter of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body.

6. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aspect ratio of the grounding plate is a preset aspect ratio; the length of the grounding plate is within a preset length range, the width of the grounding plate is within a preset width range, and the length of the grounding plate is greater than the width of the grounding plate.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower limit of the preset length range is the product of a first scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the upper limit of the preset length range is the product of a second scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body. The first scaling factor is greater than zero, and the second scaling factor is greater than the first scaling factor.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lower limit of the preset width range is the product of the third scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the upper limit of the preset width range is the product of the fourth scaling factor and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body. The third scaling factor is greater than zero, and the fourth scaling factor is greater than the third scaling factor; The third scaling factor is less than the first scaling factor, and the fourth scaling factor is less than the second scaling factor.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that, The preset length range is from one-half to 1.5 times the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body; the preset width range is from one-quarter to three-quarters of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna body.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, The antenna includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

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