Multifunctional precise film mulching dry direct seeding machine for rice

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional precise rice film mulching dry direct seeding machine which comprises a machine frame and a land leveling plough system connected to the machine frame. The fertilizing system is used for fertilizing the soil; the micro rotary tillage system is connected to the rack through a floating tension spring, is suspended below the rack and is used for carrying out rotary tillage on soil; the soil covering and film laying system is used for laying a mulching film on the soil and covering the mulching film with the soil; and the film cutting system is connected to the soil covering mechanism cross beam and is used for cutting the laid mulching film. According to the invention, not only can precise full film mulching, precise film alignment, precise hole sowing, precise soil covering and precise side strip fertilization be realized, but also the problem of dislocation of film holes and seed holes caused by too tight or too loose tension of film dragging and film paving is solved, the problem that the edge of a mulching film is not compacted and is easily lifted by wind is solved, meanwhile, the sowing quality of film mulching and dry direct sowing of rice is improved, and the application prospect is wide. The soil moisture conservation and weeding effects are greatly improved, and the full-film-mulching drought-resistant direct seeding cultivation of the rice is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice. Background Technology

[0002] With climate change and increasing water consumption in industry and cities, the already limited water resources are increasingly strained in relation to agricultural water use. Drought-resistant, water-saving, green, high-yield, and high-efficiency cultivation has become a trend in modern agricultural development. Precision direct seeding with mulch film refers to sowing using a newly developed multi-functional precision direct seeding machine with mulch film, achieving precise full mulch film coverage, precise hole sowing, precise soil covering, and precise side-row fertilization. This is a drought-resistant, water-saving, fertilizer-saving, green, high-yield, and high-efficiency planting model, which is of great significance to the development of the rice industry and food security in water-scarce and arid regions.

[0003] Existing dry direct seeding machinery for rice mulching has several design flaws. Some machines leave bare ground between the edges of the mulch film, or the edges of the mulch film are difficult to align, resulting in unevenly wide bare ground. Others have insufficient soil compaction or compaction at the edges of the mulch film, making them susceptible to being blown away by the wind, leading to weed infestation and severe moisture loss. Some machines also have design flaws that cause the mulch film to drag at the start of operation, or wrinkles to appear at the edges of the mulch film. Inadequate soil compaction on the mulch film can cause misalignment between the film holes and the seed holes, affecting rice seedling emergence and resulting in poor sowing quality, weak growth, and low yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a technical solution for a multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice, addressing the shortcomings of existing technologies. This machine not only improves the stability, adaptability, and precision of the machinery, enabling precise full mulching, precise film alignment, precise hole sowing, precise soil covering, and precise side-strip fertilization, but also solves the problem of misalignment between the film holes and seed holes caused by excessively tight or loose film tension during film dragging and laying. It also addresses the issue of insufficient soil compaction at the edges of the mulch film, making it easily blown away by the wind. Furthermore, it improves the sowing quality of mulched direct seeding of rice, significantly increasing the emergence rate, ensuring full, uniform, and robust seedlings, and greatly enhancing soil moisture retention and weed control, thus realizing drought-resistant direct seeding cultivation of rice with full mulch film coverage.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice includes: The frame is connected to the side press rollers via a press roller bracket; Its characteristic is that it also includes: The leveling plow system is connected to the frame; The fertilization system, connected to the frame, is used to fertilize the soil. The micro-rotary tillage system is connected to the frame via a floating tension spring and is suspended below the frame for rotary tillage of the soil. The soil covering and mulching system is connected to the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism, which is connected to the frame through a four-bar linkage. It is used to lay mulch film on the soil and cover the mulch film with soil. The membrane cutting system is connected to the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism and is used to cut the laid mulch film.

[0006] The above structural design not only improves the stability, adaptability, and precision of the machinery, enabling precise full mulching, precise film alignment, precise hole sowing, precise soil covering, and precise side-strip fertilization, but also solves the problem of misalignment between film holes and seed holes caused by excessively tight or loose film tension during film dragging and laying. It also addresses the issue of insufficient soil compaction at the edges of the mulch film, making it prone to being blown away by the wind. Simultaneously, it improves the sowing quality of direct-seeded rice under mulch film, significantly increasing the emergence rate, ensuring full, uniform, and robust seedlings. This greatly enhances moisture retention and weed control, enabling drought-resistant direct-seeded rice cultivation under full mulch film. Through the design of the floating tension spring and four-bar linkage, the micro-rotary tillage mechanism can float up and down with the undulations of the ground during operation, maintaining a relatively consistent tillage depth. The amount of soil entering the soil distribution box is relatively stable, ensuring relatively uniform soil coverage on the mulch film. This solves the problem of uneven soil coverage in current fixed mechanisms, resulting in a uniform and aesthetically pleasing soil cover on the film.

[0007] Furthermore, the leveling plow system includes a leveling plow, a leveling plow depth adjusting screw, and a support rod. The leveling plow depth adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the frame via a mounting plate, and the leveling plow depth adjusting screw is connected to the leveling plow via the support rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the fertilization system includes a fertilizer tank, a fertilizer discharge mechanism, at least one fertilizer pipe, and at least one fertilizer plow / hoe. The fertilizer tank is connected to the machine frame via a fertilizer tank support frame through a side plate. The fertilizer discharge mechanism is located at the bottom of the fertilizer tank. One end of the fertilizer pipe is connected to the fertilizer discharge mechanism, and the other end is connected to the fertilizer plow / hoe via a fertilizer leg. The fertilizer discharge mechanism includes a drive motor, a rotating shaft, at least one fertilizer applicator, and at least one fertilizer discharge gear. The drive motor is located on one side plate of the fertilizer tank, and its output shaft is connected to the rotating shaft. The fertilizer applicator is fixed to the bottom of the fertilizer tank and located below the fertilizer discharge port. The fertilizer discharge gear is connected to the rotating shaft and located inside the fertilizer applicator. The fertilization system achieves side-strip fertilization, with the fertilization depth below the rotary tillage depth. This prevents the micro-rotary tillage mechanism from throwing some fertilizer into the soil distribution box and covering the mulch film surface, thus improving fertilizer utilization. Currently, the fertilization device of the machine first spreads the fertilizer on the ground, then it is rotary tilled and mixed into the soil. Some of the fertilizer is thrown into the soil distribution box and then covered on the mulch. This part of the fertilizer has a very low utilization rate, resulting in fertilizer waste.

[0009] Furthermore, a fixing rod is connected to the fertilizer leg, and the fixing rod is connected to the frame through a fertilizer leg fixing bracket; the fertilizer leg fixing bracket includes a sleeve and a fixing plate that are fixedly connected to each other, the fixing plate is connected to the frame by fastening screws, and the fixing rod is sleeved on the sleeve; the sleeve is provided with fasteners to realize the fixed assembly between the fixing rod and the sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, the micro-rotary tillage system includes a micro-rotary tillage mechanism, which comprises a rotary tillage frame, a rotary tillage assembly, a soil guiding assembly, a gearbox, and a rotary tillage depth adjustment screw. The rotary tillage assembly and the soil guiding assembly are respectively connected to the inner and outer rear sides of the rotary tillage frame. The gearbox is located on the rotary tillage frame and connected to the rotary tillage assembly. The gearbox is connected to a universal power connection shaft. A lifting plate is provided on the rotary tillage frame, and the top of the lifting plate is connected to the rotary tillage depth adjustment screw. The rotary tillage depth adjustment screw is connected to the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism through a rotary tillage mechanism fixing seat. The rotary tillage frame includes a rotary tillage frame square tube and a cover plate. The rotary tiller consists of two side plates, with a square tube for the rotary tiller frame positioned between them. A cover plate is attached to the top surface of the square tube and located between the two side plates. The rotary tiller assembly includes a rotary tiller shaft, rotary tillers, and a roller cover. The roller cover is located on both side plates, and the rotary tiller shaft is horizontally connected between the roller covers. The shaft is connected to a gearbox, and the tillers are distributed on the shaft, serving as soil-throwing blades. A soil-collecting plate is attached to the roller cover, with a reinforcing plate on its outer surface. An intermediate rotary tiller is also included, connected to the front exterior of the gearbox. This design not only improves the connection stability between the micro-rotary tiller mechanism, frame, and soil-covering mechanism beams but also allows the micro-rotary tiller mechanism to float vertically, reducing the pressure on the ground and increasing its suspension flexibility. This ensures consistent tillage depth and allows soil to be thrown into the soil distribution box. The soil collection plate can concentrate the soil on both sides of the rotary tillage component inward, increase the amount of soil thrown out of the soil outlets at both ends of the soil distribution box by the micro rotary tillage mechanism, and better compact the two sides of the mulch film.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil guiding assembly includes a soil guiding plate, a soil retaining plate, and a soil guiding plate support. The soil guiding plate support is connected to the outside of the rotary tillage side plate, the soil guiding plate is positioned between two soil guiding plate supports, and the soil retaining plate is located at the center of the top surface of the soil guiding plate. The minimum distance between the inclined surface of the soil guiding plate and the tip of the rotary tillage blade is 2 cm, and the angle between the soil guiding plate and the ground in the direction of travel on the horizontal plane is 45°. Through the design of the soil guiding assembly, the soil thrown backward and upward by the rotary tillage assembly can be better guided into the soil distribution box. Because the soil distribution box is located above the film pressing roller and the film roller, the soil thrown backward and upward by the micro-rotary tillage mechanism needs to have a certain height and horizontal distance. The soil guiding plate effectively solves the problem of delivering soil to the soil distribution box.

[0012] Furthermore, the four-bar linkage includes a four-bar seat and a connecting rod. The four-bar seats are respectively located on the frame and the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism, and the connecting rod is connected between two opposite four-bar seats.

[0013] Furthermore, the soil covering and film laying system includes a soil covering mechanism and a film laying mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes a soil distributing box with soil distributing channels, a vibrator, and a crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism. The vibrator is located in the soil distributing box and is used to vibrate the soil distributing box to prevent the soil distributing channels from becoming blocked. The soil distributing box includes a front soil distributing plate, a rear soil distributing plate, side soil distributing plates, a soil distributing partition, a dividing plate, and a V-shaped plate. The front soil distributing plate and the rear soil distributing plate are located between the two side soil distributing plates. The dividing plate is inclined at the bottom of the soil distributing partition and the soil distributing partition is located at the front soil distributing plate. Between the front and rear dividing plates, an inverted V-shaped plate is positioned between two dividing side plates and below the dividing partition. The upper part of the dividing channel within the dividing box is a through space, while the lower part contains several dividing openings. Each dividing opening includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is formed by the cooperation between the front dividing plate and the V-shaped plate, and the outlet is formed by the cooperation between the V-shaped plate and two adjacent partition plates, or between the V-shaped plate, partition plates, and dividing side plates. The vibrator is positioned on the V-shaped plate, near the outlet. The dividing box adopts a symmetrical "eight"-shaped structure from the center outwards. The size and shape of the different inlets vary, ensuring uniform soil output from each outlet. This solves the problem of uneven soil coverage across different belts in current machines, particularly insufficient coverage on the outermost sides. The included angle of the V-shaped plate is 90°, and the height of the inlet sill of the dividing box, i.e., the apex of the inverted "V," is less than 30cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the membrane laying mechanism includes a membrane roller support plate, a soil distribution box fixing beam, and a membrane laying assembly. The membrane laying assembly and the soil distribution box fixing beam are both located between two membrane roller support plates, and the soil distribution box fixing beam is located above the membrane laying assembly. The soil distribution box is fixedly connected to the soil distribution box fixing beam. The membrane roller support plate is connected to the soil covering mechanism beam through a ground roller T-shaped frame. The membrane laying assembly includes a drive assembly, a membrane roller, and a membrane threading shaft. The membrane roller is connected to the membrane roller support plates on both sides through bearing seats. The membrane roller support plate is provided with a mulch film installation bracket. The membrane threading shaft is horizontally limited between two mulch film installation brackets. The drive assembly is connected to the membrane roller support plate on one side and is used to drive the membrane roller to rotate. The drive assembly includes a hydraulic motor, a drive sprocket, a driven sprocket, and a chain. The hydraulic motor is located on the membrane roller support plate. The drive sprocket is connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor. The driven sprocket is connected to the membrane roller. The chain is connected to the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket. The film-laying mechanism guides the mulch film from the film roller to under the front pressure roller, then pulls it backward around the pressure roller, and finally guides it backward from under the film roller to under the seeding wheel. The pressure roller's compaction of the ground and the mulch film ensures a flat, even film layer. This solves the problem of uneven film laying that occurs when current machines lay film directly backward from the film roller.

[0015] Furthermore, the film-cutting system includes a blade holder beam, a cutter, and at least two sets of linkage mechanisms. The cutter is fixedly mounted on the blade holder beam, and the linkage mechanisms are connected to the blade holder beam to drive the blade holder beam to move the cutter in a circular motion. The cutter includes an integrally formed horizontal plate and a film-cutting blade body. The film-cutting blade body is fixedly connected to the blade holder beam through the horizontal plate. The bottom of the film-cutting blade body is provided with cutting teeth, and a reinforcing block is provided on the horizontal plate, which is supported by the blade holder beam. The linkage mechanism includes a sickle-shaped arm, a fan-shaped arm, a hydraulic cylinder, and a film-cutting support plate. The sickle-shaped arm is fixedly mounted on the end of the blade holder beam, and the fan-shaped arm is fixedly connected to the sickle-shaped arm. The hydraulic cylinder is hinged to one end of the fan-shaped arm through a telescopic steel rod and is hinged to a cylinder support. The film-cutting support plate is hinged to the other end of the fan-shaped arm, and the cylinder support is fixedly connected to the film-cutting support. The sickle-shaped arm includes an integrally formed first connecting part and a second connecting part. The first connecting part has a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole. The first mounting hole is connected to the fan-shaped arm by fasteners, and the second connecting part is connected to the tool holder beam. The fan-shaped arm has a double-layer structure. Each layer of the fan-shaped arm has an arc-shaped plate. The arc-shaped plate has several third mounting holes. The third mounting holes on two fan-shaped arms are fixedly connected by at least one metal shaft. A cutting spring is connected to the metal shaft. The other end of the cutting spring is connected to the second mounting hole. The fan-shaped arm and the cylinder bracket both have positioning holes. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to the positioning hole on the cylinder bracket by a cylinder positioning pin. The telescopic steel rod is connected to the positioning hole on the fan-shaped arm by a cylinder positioning pin. Each hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pipe. A hydraulic cylinder pushes a fan-shaped arm, which in turn drives a sickle-shaped arm to rotate around a fulcrum. This causes the cutter to move downwards in a circular motion to cut the film. The cutter continues its backward movement, stopping upon contact with the pressure roller, thus holding the film in place and preventing the film and pressure rollers from rotating freely when the machine is raised and moving. This prevents the film from falling off due to the free rotation of the film and pressure rollers. When the machine lowers to begin work, a hydraulic cylinder retracts to release the cutter and raise it, laying the film on the ground and securing it with a certain amount of soil. This effectively solves the problems of current machine film cutting devices being overly complex and heavy, and failing to prevent the film and pressure rollers from rolling freely and causing film detachment.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a hydraulic power-assisted drive system, which comprises a hydraulic tank, a hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic regulating valve. The hydraulic tank, pump, and valve are connected via hydraulic pipes. The hydraulic pump is connected to the gearbox via a universal power coupling shaft, and the regulating valve is connected to the hydraulic cylinder via hydraulic pipes. This hydraulic power-assisted drive system design allows the pressure roller to roll smoothly with hydraulic assistance when soil accumulates in front of it, preventing slippage and thus avoiding film dragging. This effectively solves the film dragging phenomenon caused by slippage of the freely rotating pressure roller in current machines.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a seeding system, which includes a four-bar linkage bracket fixing base, a four-bar linkage, a four-bar linkage bracket, a seed box, a seeding wheel, and a secondary seed box. The four-bar linkage bracket fixing base is connected to the frame, the four-bar linkage bracket is connected to the four-bar linkage bracket fixing base through the four-bar linkage, the secondary seed box is connected to the top of the four-bar linkage bracket, the seeding wheel is connected to the bottom of the four-bar linkage bracket through the seeding wheel bracket, and the seed box is provided on the seeding wheel bracket.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes a watering system, which includes a water tank, a distribution valve, and a water wheel. The water tank is mounted on the frame and is connected to the distribution valve via a main water pipe. The distribution valve is connected to the water wheel via a branch water pipe, and the water wheel is connected to a four-bar linkage via a water wheel bracket.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a drip irrigation tape laying system, which includes a drip irrigation tape roller, drip irrigation tape, and a guide tube. The drip irrigation tape roller is connected to the frame through a drip irrigation tape bracket, the drip irrigation tape is wound around the drip irrigation tape roller, and the guide tube is connected to the frame, with the drip irrigation tape passing through the guide tube.

[0020] The present invention, by adopting the above-described technical solution, has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention not only improves the stability, adaptability, and precision of machinery, enabling precise full mulching, precise film alignment, precise hole sowing, precise soil covering, and precise side-strip fertilization, but also solves the problem of misalignment between film holes and seed holes caused by excessively tight or loose film tension during film dragging and laying. It also addresses the issue of insufficient soil compaction at the edges of the mulch film, making it prone to being blown away by the wind. Simultaneously, it improves the sowing quality of direct-seeded rice under mulch film, significantly increasing the emergence rate, ensuring full, uniform, and robust seedlings. It also greatly enhances moisture retention and weed control, achieving drought-resistant direct-seeded rice cultivation under full mulch film. Through the design of a floating tension spring and a four-bar linkage mechanism, the micro-rotary tillage mechanism can float up and down with the undulations of the ground during operation, maintaining a relatively consistent tillage depth. The amount of soil entering the soil distribution box is relatively stable, ensuring relatively uniform soil coverage on the mulch film. This solves the problem of uneven soil coverage in current fixed mechanisms, resulting in uniform and aesthetically pleasing soil coverage on the film.

[0021] 2. The fertilization system of this invention achieves side-strip fertilization. The side-strip fertilization depth is below the rotary tillage depth, preventing the micro-rotary tillage mechanism from throwing some fertilizer into the soil distribution box and covering the mulch film surface, thus improving fertilizer utilization. Currently, the fertilization device of the machine first spreads the fertilizer on the ground surface, then rotary tills it into the soil. Some fertilizer is thrown into the soil distribution box and then covers the mulch film. The utilization rate of this part of the fertilizer is extremely low, resulting in fertilizer waste.

[0022] 3. This invention not only improves the connection stability between the micro-rotary tillage mechanism, the frame, and the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism, but also allows the micro-rotary tillage mechanism to float up and down, reducing the pressure of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism on the ground, increasing the flexibility of suspension, and ensuring that the tillage depth remains basically consistent. The soil collecting plate can concentrate the soil on both sides of the rotary tillage component inward, increasing the amount of soil thrown by the micro-rotary tillage mechanism to the soil outlets at both ends of the soil distribution box, and better compacting the two sides of the mulch film.

[0023] 4. The soil distribution box of this invention adopts a symmetrical "eight"-shaped structure from the center outwards. The size and shape of the different soil inlets vary, ensuring a uniform soil output from each outlet. This solves the problem of uneven soil coverage across different belts in current machines, particularly the insufficient soil coverage on the outermost sides. The film-laying mechanism guides the mulch film from the film roller to under the front pressing roller, then pulls it backward around the pressing roller, and finally guides it backward from under the film roller to under the seeding wheel. The pressing roller's pressure on the ground and the mulch film ensures a flat film distribution. This solves the problem of uneven film laying caused by current machines laying film directly from the film roller.

[0024] 5. The hydraulic cylinder pushes the sector arm, which in turn drives the sickle arm to rotate around the fulcrum. This causes the cutter to move downwards in a circular motion to cut the film. The cutter continues to move backwards, stopping upon contact with the pressure roller, thus holding the film in place and preventing the film and pressure roller from rotating freely when the machine is raised and moving. This prevents the film from falling off due to the free rotation of the film and pressure roller. When the machine lowers to begin work, the hydraulic cylinder retracts to release the cutter and raise it, laying the film on the ground and securing it with a certain amount of soil. This effectively solves the problems of current machine film cutting devices being overly complex and heavy, and failing to prevent the film and pressure rollers from rolling freely, which can lead to film detachment. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of a multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 The right view; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the live streaming device in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the leveling plow system in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism after the four-bar linkage has been removed in this invention; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism in this invention; Figure 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure in direction A; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the four-bar linkage in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic power-assisted drive system in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the soil covering and membrane laying system in this invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure in the B direction; Figure 14 for Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure in the C-direction; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the film-laying mechanism in this invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mulch film installation bracket in this invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the membrane cutting system in this invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sickle-shaped arm in this invention; Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the fan-shaped arm in this invention; Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter structure in this invention; Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilization system in this invention; Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer box structure in this invention; Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer discharge mechanism in this invention; Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the leg-fixing bracket in this invention; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the watering system and the seeding system in this invention; Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the seeding system in this invention; Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the drip irrigation tape laying system in this invention.

[0026] Wherein: 1-Frame; 101-Rear frame; 102-Rear frame upper beam; 103-Rear frame lower beam; 104-Front frame; 105-Front frame upper beam; 106-Front frame lower beam; 107-Connecting hole seat; 108-Drive shaft through window; 109-Step; 2-Leveling plow system; 201-Leveling plow; 202-Leveling plow depth adjustment screw; 203-Mounting plate; 204-Support rod; 3-Side press roller; 4-Micro rotary tillage system; 401-Rotary tillage mechanism mounting base; 402-Rotary tillage depth adjustment screw; 403-Soil guide plate; 404-Gearbox; 405-Soil retaining plate; 406-Universal power connection shaft; 407-Rotary tillage blade shaft; 408-Rotary tillage blade; 409-Soil guide plate bracket; 413-Floating tension spring; 414-Lifting plate; 415-Rotary tillage frame square tube; 416-Rotary tillage side plate; 417-Roller cover; 418-Cover plate; 419-Rotary tillage intermediate plow; 420-Four-bar linkage mechanism; 421-Four-bar linkage seat; 422-Connecting rod; 423-Floating ear plate; 424-Soil collecting plate; 425-Reinforcing plate; 5-Hydraulic power steering system; 501-Hydraulic oil tank; 502-Hydraulic pump; 503-Hydraulic regulating valve; 504-Hydraulic oil pipe; 6-Pressure roller support; 7-Soil covering and film laying system; 701-Soil covering mechanism crossbeam; 702-Ground roller T-shaped frame; 703-Film pressing roller support plate; 704-Bearing seat; 705-Film installation bracket; 706-Soil distribution box; 707-Soil distribution rear plate; 708-Soil distribution side plate; 709-Soil distribution front plate; 710-V-shaped plate; 711-Soil distribution partition plate; 712-Separation plate; 713-Vibrator; 714-Soil distribution box fixing crossbeam; 715-Hydraulic motor; 716-Chain protective cover; 717-Driven sprocket; 718-Film pressing roller; 719-Film threading shaft; 720-Guide rod; 721-L-shaped rod; 722-Bending part; 723-Arc groove; 8-Film cutting system; 801-Film cutting support plate; 802-Cylinder support; 803-Hydraulic cylinder; 804-Cylinder positioning pin; 805-Telescopic steel rod; 806-Fan-shaped arm; 807-Film cutting tension spring; 808-Sickle-shaped arm; 809-Cutter; 810-Hydraulic pipe; 811-First connecting part; 812-Second connecting part; 813-Cutter holder beam; 814-First mounting hole; 815-Second mounting hole; 816-Arc-shaped plate; 817-Third mounting hole; 818-Horizontal plate; 819-Reinforcing block; 820-Film cutting blade body 8; 821-Film cutting teeth; 9-Seedling system; 901-Four-bar linkage bracket holder; 902-Four-bar linkage; 903-Seedling wheel bracket; 904-Seed box; 905-Seedling wheel; 906-Secondary seed box; 10-Fertilizer application system; 1001-Fertilizer box; 1002-Fertilizer box support frame; 1003-Lower fertilizer pipe; 1004-Fertilizer leg; 1005-Fertilizer leg fixing bracket; 1006-Fertilizer plow / hoe; 1007-Fixing rod; 1008-Fertilizer discharge mechanism; 1009-Stamped bearing seat; 1010-Fertilizer discharge port; 1011-Fertilizer box side plate; 1012-Drive motor; 1013-Fertilizer applicator; 1014-Ear plate; 1015-Rotating shaft; 1016-Interface pipe; 1017-Fixing plate; 1018-Sleeve; 1019-Fastener; 11-Watering system; 1101-Water tank; 1102-Distribution valve; 1103-Water impeller; 1104-Water impeller bracket; 1105-Four-bar linkage bracket; 1106-Main water pipe; 1107-Branch water pipe; 12-Drip irrigation tape laying system; 1201-Drip irrigation tape roller; 1202-Drip irrigation tape support; 1203-Drip irrigation tape; 1204-Guide pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, this invention provides a multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice, comprising: a frame 1, a leveling plow system 2, a fertilization system 10, a micro-rotary tillage mechanism, a soil covering and film laying system 7, a film cutting system 8, a hydraulic power-assisted drive system 5, a sowing system 9, a watering system 11, and a drip irrigation tape laying system 12.

[0031] like Figure 4As shown, the frame 1 includes a front frame 104 and a rear frame 101. The front frame 104 is connected to the front frame upper beam 105 and the front frame lower beam 106. The front frame lower beam 106 is provided with pedals 109 on both sides. A power shaft passage window 108 is provided between the front frame lower beam 106 and the front frame upper beam 105. The front frame lower beam 106 is provided with a connecting hole seat 107. The rear frame 101 is connected to the rear frame upper beam 102 and the rear frame lower beam 103.

[0032] The lower beam 103 of the rear frame of the frame 1 is connected to the side pressing wheel 3 through the pressing wheel bracket 6.

[0033] like Figure 5 As shown, the leveling plow system 2 is connected to the lower beam 106 of the front frame of the machine frame 1.

[0034] The leveling plow system 2 includes a leveling plow 201, a leveling plow depth adjusting screw 202, and a support rod 204. The leveling plow depth adjusting screw 202 is fixedly connected to the frame 1 via a mounting plate 203, and the leveling plow depth adjusting screw 202 is connected to the leveling plow 201 via the support rod 204.

[0035] like Figures 21 to 24 As shown, the fertilization system 10 is connected to the frame 1 and is used to fertilize the soil.

[0036] The fertilization system 10 includes a fertilizer tank 1001, a fertilizer discharge mechanism 1008, at least one fertilizer discharge pipe 1003, and at least one fertilizer plow 1006. The fertilizer tank 1001 is connected to the frame 1 via a fertilizer tank side plate 1011 and a fertilizer tank support frame 1002. The fertilizer discharge mechanism 1008 is located at the bottom of the fertilizer tank 1001. One end of the fertilizer discharge pipe 1003 is connected to the fertilizer discharge mechanism 1008, and the other end of the fertilizer discharge pipe 1003 is connected to the fertilizer plow 1006 via a fertilizer leg 1004. The system can not only apply fertilizer from the fertilizer tank 1001 through the fertilizer discharge pipe 1003 and the fertilizer plow 1006, but also control the amount of fertilizer applied, apply fertilizer precisely, and improve the efficiency of fertilization.

[0037] The fertilizer discharging mechanism 1008 includes a drive motor 1012, a rotating shaft 1015, at least one fertilizer applicator 1013, and at least one fertilizer discharging gear (not shown in the figure). The drive motor 1012 is located on the side plate 1011 of the fertilizer tank on one side. The output shaft of the drive motor 1012 is connected to the rotating shaft 1015. The fertilizer applicator 1013 is fixed to the bottom of the fertilizer tank 1001 and is located below the fertilizer discharge port 1010 of the fertilizer tank 1001. The fertilizer discharging gear is connected to the rotating shaft 1015 and is located inside the fertilizer applicator 1013. The drive motor 1012 drives the rotating shaft 1015 to rotate, which in turn drives the fertilizer discharging gear to rotate along the inside of the fertilizer applicator 1013. The amount of fertilizer applied is controlled by adjusting the speed of the fertilizer discharging gear to meet the fertilizer discharging requirements.

[0038] The fertilization system 10 achieves side-strip fertilization, with the fertilization depth below the rotary tillage depth. This prevents some fertilizer from being thrown into the soil distribution box 706 by the micro-rotary tillage mechanism and covering the mulch film surface, thus improving fertilizer utilization. Currently, the machine's fertilization device first spreads the fertilizer on the ground surface, then rotary tills it into the soil. Some fertilizer is thrown into the soil distribution box 706 and then covers the mulch film. This portion of fertilizer has extremely low utilization, resulting in fertilizer waste.

[0039] The fertilizer applicator 1013 is equipped with a lug plate 1014, which is connected to the fertilizer box 1001 by fastening screws, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the connection between the fertilizer applicator 1013 and the fertilizer box 1001.

[0040] The rotating shaft 1015 is connected to the fertilizer box side plate 1011 through the stamped bearing seat 1009. The design of the stamped bearing seat 1009 can improve the stability of the rotating shaft 1015 during rotation, thereby improving the working stability of each row of fertilizer gears.

[0041] The fertilizer applicator 1013 is provided with an interface pipe 1016 at the bottom. The feed end of the lower fertilizer pipe 1003 is sleeved and fixed to the interface pipe 1016 to ensure that the fertilizer inside the fertilizer applicator 1013 can enter the lower fertilizer pipe 1003 through the interface pipe 1016, and to prevent overflow from the connection between the interface pipe 1016 and the lower fertilizer pipe 1003 during the fertilization process.

[0042] A fixing rod 1007 is connected to the fertilizer application leg 1004. The fixing rod 1007 is connected to the frame 1 through the fertilizer application leg fixing bracket 1005. The design of the fixing rod 1007 and the fertilizer application leg fixing bracket 1005 can improve the stability and reliability of the fertilizer application leg 1004 installation. At the same time, the fixing rod 1007 can move up and down along the fertilizer application leg fixing bracket 1005 to meet the height adjustment of the fertilizer application leg 1004, making it flexible and convenient to use.

[0043] The fertilizer leg fixing bracket 1005 includes a sleeve 1018 and a fixing plate 1017 that are fixedly connected to each other. The fixing plate 1017 is connected to the frame 1 by fastening screws. The fixing rod 1007 is sleeved on the sleeve 1018, which facilitates the adjustment of the height position of the fertilizer leg 1004 by the fixing rod 1007.

[0044] The sleeve 1018 is provided with a fastener 1019 for fixing the rod 1007 and the sleeve.

[0045] like Figures 6 to 9 As shown, the micro-rotary tillage system 4 is connected to the frame 1 via a floating tension spring 413 and is suspended below the frame 1 for rotary tillage of the soil.

[0046] The micro-rotary tillage system 4 includes a micro-rotary tillage mechanism. Both the frame 1 and the micro-rotary tillage mechanism are equipped with floating ear plates 423. Two adjacent floating ear plates 423 on the same side are connected by a floating tension spring 413, which facilitates the floating connection between the micro-rotary tillage mechanism and the frame 1 through the floating tension spring 413 and the floating ear plates 423, thus meeting the suspension requirements.

[0047] The micro-rotary tillage mechanism includes a rotary tillage frame, a rotary tillage component, a soil guiding component, a gearbox 404, and a rotary tillage depth adjustment screw 402. The rotary tillage component and the soil guiding component are respectively connected to the inner and outer rear sides of the rotary tillage frame. The gearbox 404 is located on the rotary tillage frame and connected to the rotary tillage component. The gearbox 404 is connected to a universal power connecting shaft 406. A lifting plate 414 is provided on the rotary tillage frame. The top of the lifting plate 414 is connected to the rotary tillage depth adjustment screw 402. The rotary tillage depth adjustment screw 402 is connected to the soil covering mechanism crossbeam 701 through the rotary tillage mechanism fixing seat 401. The rotary tillage component can be driven to rotate along the rotary tillage frame through the universal power connecting shaft 406 and the gearbox 404, thereby improving the rotary tillage efficiency. The rotary tillage depth adjustment screw 402 can adjust the rotary tillage depth.

[0048] The rotary tillage frame includes a rotary tillage frame square tube 415, a cover plate 418, and rotary tillage side plates 416. The rotary tillage frame square tube 415 is located between the two rotary tillage side plates 416. The cover plate 418 is connected to the top surface of the rotary tillage frame square tube 415 and is located between the two rotary tillage side plates 416. The rotary tillage frame square tube 415 can improve the connection strength and stability between the two rotary tillage side plates 416, thereby improving the stability of the entire rotary tillage frame and further improving the working stability of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism. The cover plate 418 can play a protective role and improve the safety during rotary tillage.

[0049] The rotary tillage assembly includes a rotary tiller shaft 407, rotary tillers 408, and a roller cover 417. The roller cover 417 is located on the rotary tillage side plates 416 on both sides. The rotary tiller shaft 407 is horizontally connected between the roller covers 417 on both sides. The rotary tiller shaft 407 is connected to a gearbox 404. The rotary tillers 408 are distributed on the rotary tiller shaft 407. The rotary tillers 408 are soil-throwing blades. A leveling plow 201 is added to the left and right sides of the front of the soil-throwing blade. The gearbox drives the rotary tiller shaft 407 to rotate, thereby enabling each rotary tiller 408 to rotate synchronously. The roller cover 417 improves the stability and reliability of the rotary tiller shaft 407 during rotation.

[0050] A soil collecting plate 424 is connected to the roller cover 417. The outer side of the soil collecting plate 424 is provided with a reinforcing plate 425. The soil collecting plate 424 is made of metal sheet and has the function of concentrating the soil inward, increasing the soil volume of the outer soil distribution box 706, and also has the function of blocking soil to prevent soil from flying outward during rotary tillage.

[0051] It also includes a rotary tiller intermediate plow 419, which is connected to the outer front side of the gearbox 404. This not only improves the connection stability between the micro-rotary tillage mechanism, the frame 1, and the soil covering mechanism crossbeam 701, but also allows the micro-rotary tillage mechanism to float up and down, reducing the pressure of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism on the ground, increasing the flexibility of suspension, ensuring that the tillage depth remains basically consistent, and simultaneously throwing soil into the soil distribution box. The soil collection plate 424 can concentrate the soil on both sides of the rotary tillage component inwards, increasing the amount of soil thrown by the micro-rotary tillage mechanism to the soil outlets at both ends of the soil distribution box 706, and better compacting the two sides of the mulch film.

[0052] The soil guiding assembly includes a soil guiding plate 403, a soil retaining plate 405, and a soil guiding plate bracket 409. The soil guiding plate bracket 409 is connected to the outside of the rotary tillage side plate 416. The soil guiding plate 403 is located between the two soil guiding plate brackets 409. The soil retaining plate 405 is located at the center of the top surface of the soil guiding plate 403. The soil guiding plate bracket 409 improves the connection stability and reliability between the soil guiding plate 403 and the rotary tillage side plate 416. The soil guiding plate 403 can better guide the soil thrown backward and upward by the micro-rotary tillage mechanism into the soil distribution box 706, effectively solving the current problem of feeding soil into the soil distribution box 706.

[0053] The minimum distance between the inclined surface of the guide plate 403 and the tip of the rotary tiller 408 is 2cm. The angle between the guide plate 403 and the ground in the direction of forward movement on the horizontal plane is 45°. The minimum distance between the guide plate 403 and the rear film pressing roller 718 is 15cm. The guide plate 403 is on the same horizontal plane as the film pressing roller 718. At the same time, the guide plate 403 guides the soil thrown up by the rotary tillage into the soil distribution box 706, which plays a role in leveling the soil.

[0054] The soil guide component is designed to better guide the soil thrown backward and upward by the rotary tillage component into the soil distribution box 706. Since the soil distribution box 706 is located above the film pressing roller 718 and the film roller, the soil thrown backward and upward by the micro rotary tillage mechanism is required to have a certain height and horizontal distance. The soil guide plate 403 effectively solves the problem of feeding soil into the soil distribution box 706.

[0055] like Figure 10 As shown, the four-bar linkage 420 includes a four-bar seat 421 and a connecting rod 422. The four-bar seats 421 are respectively mounted on the frame 1 and the crossbeam 701 of the soil covering mechanism, and the connecting rod 422 connects the two opposite four-bar seats 421. Through the design of the four-bar linkage 420, the frame 1 and the crossbeam 701 of the soil covering mechanism can be connected, reducing the pressure of the micro-rotary tillage mechanism on the ground and increasing the flexibility during suspension.

[0056] like Figures 12 to 16 As shown, the soil covering and mulching system 7 is connected to the soil covering mechanism beam 701, which is connected to the frame 1 via a four-bar linkage 420. It is used to lay mulch film on the soil and cover the mulch film with soil.

[0057] The soil covering and film laying system 7 includes a soil covering mechanism and a film laying mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes a soil distributing box 706 with a soil distributing channel, an vibrator 713, and a soil covering mechanism crossbeam 701. The vibrator 713 is located in the soil distributing box 706 and is used to vibrate the soil distributing box 706 to prevent the soil distributing channel from being blocked. The soil distributing box 706 includes a soil distributing front plate 709, a soil distributing rear plate 707, a soil distributing side plate 708, a soil distributing partition plate 711, a dividing plate 712, and a V-shaped plate 710. The soil-separating front plate 709 and soil-separating rear plate 707 are located between the two soil-separating side plates 708. The partition plate 712 is inclinedly located at the bottom of the soil-separating partition plate 711. The soil-separating partition plate 711 is located between the soil-separating front plate 709 and soil-separating rear plate 707. The V-shaped plate 710 is inverted and located between the two soil-separating side plates 708, and is located below the soil-separating partition plate 711. The upper part of the soil-separating channel in the soil-separating box 706 is a through space, and the lower part is a number of soil-separating openings.

[0058] The soil distribution port includes a soil inlet and a soil outlet. The soil inlet is formed by the soil distribution front plate 709 and the V-shaped plate 710. The soil outlet is formed by the V-shaped plate 710 and the two adjacent partition plates 712, or by the V-shaped plate 710, the partition plates 712, and the soil distribution side plate 708.

[0059] The vibrator 713 is mounted on the V-shaped plate 710, located near the soil outlet. The soil distribution box 706 adopts a symmetrical "eight"-shaped structure from the center outwards, with different sizes and shapes for the different soil inlets, ensuring a uniform soil output from each outlet. This solves the problem of uneven soil coverage across the various belts of the current machine, especially the insufficient soil coverage on the outermost sides. The included angle of the V-shaped plate 710 is 90°, and the height of the soil inlet sill of the soil distribution box 706, i.e., the height of the inverted "V" apex, is less than 30cm.

[0060] The membrane laying mechanism includes a membrane roller support plate 703, a soil distribution box fixing beam 714, and a membrane laying assembly. The membrane laying assembly and the soil distribution box fixing beam 714 are both located between the two membrane roller support plates 703, and the soil distribution box fixing beam 714 is located above the membrane laying assembly. The soil distribution box 706 is fixedly connected to the soil distribution box fixing beam 714. The membrane roller support plate 703 is connected to the soil covering mechanism beam 701 through a ground roller T-shaped frame 702.

[0061] The film-laying assembly includes a drive assembly, a film-pressing roller 718, and a film-threading shaft 719. The film-pressing roller 718 is connected to film-pressing roller support plates 703 on both sides via bearing seats 704. Film-pressing roller support plates 703 are equipped with film installation brackets 705. The film-threading shaft 719 is horizontally positioned between the two film installation brackets 705. The drive assembly is connected to the film-pressing roller support plate 703 on one side and is used to drive the film-pressing roller 718 to rotate. The film-threading shaft 719 is equipped with a film roller. By driving the film-pressing roller 718 to rotate through the drive assembly, the film can be guided from the film roller to under the film-pressing roller 718, then pulled out backward around the film-pressing roller 718, and then guided backward from under the film roller to under the seeding wheel 905, which is conducive to the flat laying of the film. The film installation brackets 705 and the film-pressing roller support plates 703 improve the stability and reliability of the installation of the film-threading shaft 719 and the film-pressing roller 718.

[0062] The drive assembly includes a hydraulic motor 715, a drive sprocket, a driven sprocket 717, and a chain. The hydraulic motor 715 is mounted on the film pressing roller support plate 703. The drive sprocket is connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor 715. The driven sprocket 717 is connected to the film pressing roller 718. The chain connects the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket 717. The hydraulic motor 715 drives the drive sprocket to rotate, which in turn drives the driven sprocket 717 to rotate, causing the film pressing roller 718 to rotate synchronously, thereby improving the quality of film laying.

[0063] The drive assembly also includes a chain guard 716, which is connected to the film roller support plate 703. The chain guard 716 can protect the chain, drive sprocket and driven sprocket 717, reduce soil and other substances from entering the chain guard 716 and extend the service life of the drive assembly.

[0064] The mulch film installation bracket 705 includes a guide rod 720, an L-shaped rod 721, and a bending part 722. The guide rod 720 is inclinedly connected to the film roller bracket plate 703. The guide rod 720 is connected to the L-shaped rod 721 through the bending part 722. The bending part 722 is provided with an arc groove 723 for supporting the film threading shaft 719, which is conducive to the installation and disassembly of the film roller on the film threading shaft 719.

[0065] The film-laying mechanism guides the mulch film from the film roller to under the front pressing roller 718, then pulls it backward around the pressing roller 718, and finally guides it backward from under the film roller to under the seeding reel 905. The pressing roller 718 presses down on the ground and the mulch film, ensuring a flat film layer. This solves the problem of uneven film laying that occurs when current machines lay film directly backward from the film roller.

[0066] like Figures 17 to 20 As shown, the membrane cutting system 8 is connected to the crossbeam 701 of the soil covering mechanism and is used to cut the laid mulch film.

[0067] The film cutting system 8 includes a blade holder beam 813, a cutter 809, and at least two sets of linkage mechanisms. The cutter 809 is fixedly mounted on the blade holder beam 813, and the linkage mechanisms are connected to the blade holder beam 813 to drive the blade 809 to move circumferentially. This allows the linkage mechanisms to drive the cutter 809 to move stably via the blade holder beam 813, ensuring uniform force during film cutting and improving the quality and efficiency of film cutting.

[0068] The cutter 809 includes an integrally formed horizontal plate 818 and a film-cutting blade body 820. The film-cutting blade body 820 is fixedly connected to the blade holder beam 813 via the horizontal plate 818. The bottom of the film-cutting blade body 820 is provided with film-cutting teeth 821. The horizontal plate 818 can improve the stability and reliability of the installation of the film-cutting blade body 820, ensure that the film-cutting teeth 821 are in a horizontal state, and improve the film-cutting quality. The horizontal plate 818 is provided with a reinforcing block 819, which is supported by the blade holder beam 813. The reinforcing block 819 can improve the support strength of the cutter 809, thereby improving the stability and reliability during film cutting.

[0069] The linkage mechanism includes a sickle arm 808, a fan-shaped arm 806, a hydraulic cylinder 803, and a film-cutting support plate 801. The sickle arm 808 is fixedly installed at the end of the blade holder beam 813. The fan-shaped arm 806 is fixedly connected to the sickle arm 808. The hydraulic cylinder 803 is hinged to one end of the fan-shaped arm 806 via a telescopic steel rod 805. The hydraulic cylinder 803 is hinged to a cylinder bracket 802. The film-cutting support plate 801 is hinged to the other end of the fan-shaped arm 806. The cylinder bracket 802 is fixedly connected to the film-cutting support plate 801. The film-cutting support plate 801 and the cylinder bracket 802 improve the stability and reliability of the fan-shaped arm 806 and the hydraulic cylinder 803 during installation, ensuring that the hydraulic cylinder 803 can drive the fan-shaped arm 806 to rotate stably along the film-cutting support plate 801 via the telescopic lever, and then drive the cutter 809 to make a circular motion through the sickle arm 808 to achieve stable film cutting.

[0070] The sickle-shaped arm 808 includes an integrally formed first connecting part 811 and a second connecting part 812. The first connecting part 811 is provided with a first mounting hole 814 and a second mounting hole 815. The first mounting hole 814 is connected to the fan-shaped arm 806 by a fastener 1019. The second connecting part 812 is connected to the blade holder beam 813. The extension length of the sickle-shaped arm 808 can be adjusted according to the actual use scenario of the live broadcast machine. It can be connected to the fan-shaped arm 806 by selecting different positions of the first mounting hole 814 on the first connecting part 811. The second connecting part 812 can improve the stability and reliability of the blade holder beam 813 installation, thereby improving the stability of the cutter 809 during operation.

[0071] The first connecting part 811 and the second connecting part 812 are connected to form an L-shaped structure. The sickle arm 808 of the L-shaped structure can not only meet the film cutting requirements, but also avoid collisions with other mechanisms of the live broadcast machine, thereby improving the film cutting efficiency.

[0072] The fan-shaped arm 806 has a double-layer structure. Each fan-shaped arm 806 has an arc-shaped plate 816. The arc-shaped plate 816 has several third mounting holes 817. The third mounting holes 817 on the two fan-shaped arms 806 are fixedly connected by at least one metal shaft. A film-cutting tension spring 807 is connected to the metal shaft. The other end of the film-cutting tension spring 807 is connected to the second mounting hole 815. This can prevent the cutter 809 from falling when the film-cutting system 8 is raised, thereby improving the stability and safety during the film-cutting process. The double-layer structure of the fan-shaped arm 806 not only improves the stable assembly with the sickle arm 808, but also ensures that the force is balanced when the hydraulic cylinder 803 pushes the fan-shaped arm 806 to rotate, avoiding tilting and affecting the working efficiency of the cutter 809. At the same time, the double-layer structure of the fan-shaped arm 806 is conducive to the installation of the metal shaft, thereby meeting the connection requirements of the film-cutting tension spring 807 and improving the safety of the film-cutting system 8 during operation.

[0073] Both the sector arm 806 and the cylinder bracket 802 are provided with positioning holes. The hydraulic cylinder 803 is connected to the positioning holes on the cylinder bracket 802 through the cylinder positioning pin 804. The telescopic steel rod 805 is connected to the positioning holes on the sector arm 806 through the cylinder positioning pin 804. The design of the cylinder positioning pin 804 can meet the rotation requirements of the hydraulic cylinder 803 and the sector arm 806, thereby improving the film cutting efficiency. Each hydraulic cylinder 803 is connected to a hydraulic pipe 810 for injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cylinder 803, thereby controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 803.

[0074] Hydraulic cylinder 803 pushes sector arm 806, which in turn pushes sickle arm 808 to rotate around a fulcrum. This causes cutter 809 to move downwards in a circular motion to cut the film. The cutter continues to move backwards, stopping upon contact with pressure roller 718, thus holding the film in place and preventing the film roller and pressure roller 718 from rotating freely when the machine is raised and moving, thus avoiding film detachment caused by their free rotation. When the machine lowers to begin work, hydraulic cylinder 803 retracts, releasing cutter 809 and raising it to lay the film on the ground, with a certain amount of soil pressing it down. This effectively solves the problem of current machine film cutting devices being too complex and heavy, and unable to prevent the film roller and pressure roller 718 from rolling freely, which leads to detachment.

[0075] like Figure 11As shown, the hydraulic power-assisted drive system 5 includes a hydraulic oil tank 501, a hydraulic pump 502, and a hydraulic regulating valve 503. The hydraulic oil tank 501, hydraulic pump 502, and hydraulic regulating valve 503 are connected by a hydraulic oil pipe 504. The hydraulic pump 502 is connected to the gearbox 404 via a universal power connection shaft 406. The hydraulic regulating valve 503 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 803 via a hydraulic pipe 810. Through the design of the hydraulic power-assisted drive system 5, when soil accumulates in front of it, the pressure roller 718 can roll smoothly under hydraulic assistance, avoiding slippage due to soil accumulation, thus preventing film dragging. This effectively solves the film dragging phenomenon caused by slippage of the freely rotating pressure roller 718 in current machines.

[0076] like Figure 25 and Figure 26 As shown, the sowing system 9 includes a four-bar linkage bracket fixing base 901, a four-bar linkage 902, a four-bar linkage bracket 1105, a seed box 904, a sowing wheel 905, and a secondary seed box 906. The four-bar linkage bracket fixing base 901 is connected to the frame 1. The four-bar linkage bracket 1105 is connected to the four-bar linkage bracket fixing base 901 through the four-bar linkage 902. The secondary seed box 906 is connected to the top of the four-bar linkage bracket 1105. The sowing wheel 905 is connected to the bottom of the four-bar linkage bracket 1105 through the sowing wheel bracket 903. The seed box 904 is provided on the sowing wheel bracket 903.

[0077] The watering system 11 includes a water tank 1101, a distribution valve 1102, and a water wheel 1103. The water tank 1101 is mounted on the frame 1. The water tank 1101 is connected to the distribution valve 1102 through a main water pipe 1106. The distribution valve 1102 is connected to the water wheel 1103 through a branch water pipe 1107. The water wheel 1103 is connected to the four-bar linkage 1105 through a water wheel bracket 1104.

[0078] like Figure 27 As shown, the drip irrigation tape laying system 12 includes a drip irrigation tape roller 1201, a drip irrigation tape 1203, and a guide tube 1204. The drip irrigation tape roller 1201 is connected to the frame 1 through a drip irrigation tape bracket 1202. The drip irrigation tape 1203 is wound around the drip irrigation tape roller 1201. The guide tube 1204 is connected to the frame 1, and the drip irrigation tape 1203 passes through the guide tube 1204.

[0079] The above structural design not only improves the stability, adaptability, and precision of the machinery, enabling precise full mulching, precise film alignment, precise hole sowing, precise soil covering, and precise side-strip fertilization, but also solves the problem of misalignment between the film holes and seed holes caused by excessively tight or loose film tension during film dragging and laying. It also addresses the issue of insufficient soil compaction at the edges of the mulch film, making it prone to being blown away by the wind. Simultaneously, it improves the sowing quality of direct-seeded rice under mulch film, significantly increasing the emergence rate, ensuring full, uniform, and robust seedlings. This greatly enhances moisture retention and weed control, achieving drought-resistant direct-seeded rice cultivation under full mulch film. Through the design of the floating tension spring 413 and the four-bar linkage 420, the micro-rotary tillage mechanism can float up and down with the undulations of the ground during operation, maintaining a relatively consistent tillage depth. The amount of soil entering the soil distribution box 706 remains relatively stable, ensuring relatively uniform soil coverage on the mulch film. This solves the problem of uneven soil coverage in current fixed mechanisms, resulting in uniform and aesthetically pleasing soil coverage on the film.

[0080] The working principle of this invention is as follows: 1. Fertilization: There are 4 fertilization legs at the front of the rotary tiller. One fertilizer is applied every two planting rows. There is a fertilization plow at the bottom of the fertilization leg. The plow is inserted into the soil to a depth of about 7cm. Since the rotary tillage depth is about 5cm, it is ensured that the applied fertilizer will not be thrown out during rotary tillage. The fertilizer is discharged into the soil through the fertilizer pipe to the bottom of the plow.

[0081] 2. Rotary Tillage: The micro rotary tillage system adopts a suspended structure, which makes the tillage depth more consistent; some of the soil thrown backward by the micro rotary tillage mechanism is thrown into the soil distribution box and leaks out from the soil outlet at the bottom of the soil distribution box and presses onto the mulch film, forming soil strips; the soil collection plates on both sides can concentrate the soil at the edge inward, increasing the amount of soil thrown into the edge soil distribution box by rotary tillage; the soil guide plate can change the direction of soil thrown by the micro rotary tillage mechanism, so that more soil thrown backward and upward enters the entrance of the soil distribution box, and has a soil leveling effect.

[0082] 3. Film laying: The film is laid at the bottom of the soil distribution box of the film roller and the pressing film roller device. The film extends forward and around the pressing film roller and then extends backward, continuing to extend backward under the seeding wheel. The film roller is in a suspended state and does not contact the ground. The pressing film roller can compact the soil and lay the film flat on the ground. The pressing film roller also has a supporting function.

[0083] 4. Covering with soil: Soil leaking from the lower rear outlet of the soil distribution box covers the mulch film. Soil continuously exits from the outlet, forming soil strips as the machine moves forward. One soil strip is covered between every two sowing rows and on each side. Because the film roller and the pressing roller are both in front of the outlet, the soil leaking from the soil distribution box outlet presses directly onto the mulch film.

[0084] 5. Sowing: Sow seeds on the film between two soil strips using a duckbill seeder.

[0085] 6. Watering: Water using a water wheel after sowing. If the soil moisture is suitable and watering is not necessary, the water wheel can be replaced with a compaction wheel for compaction.

[0086] 7. Film Cutting: At the end of each work row, the film is cut using a film cutting system. The film cutting system is a hydraulic linkage device that cuts the film and holds it in place. At the beginning of the next work row, the film is released hydraulically, with a certain amount of soil pressing it down.

[0087] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to achieve substantially the same technical effect are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice, comprising: The frame is connected to the side press wheels via a press wheel bracket; Its features include: A leveling plow system, the leveling plow system being connected to the frame; A fertilization system, connected to the frame, is used to fertilize the soil; A micro-rotary tillage system, which is connected to the frame via a floating tension spring and suspended below the frame, is used for rotary tillage of the soil; A soil covering and mulching system, wherein the soil covering and mulching system is connected to the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism, and the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism is connected to the frame through a four-bar linkage, for laying mulch film on the soil and covering the mulch film with soil; A membrane cutting system, connected to the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism, is used to cut the laid mulch film.

2. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leveling plow system includes a leveling plow, a leveling plow depth adjusting screw, and a support rod. The leveling plow depth adjusting screw is fixedly connected to the frame via a mounting plate, and the leveling plow is connected to the leveling plow via the support rod.

3. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization system includes a fertilizer tank, a fertilizer discharge mechanism, at least one fertilizer pipe, and at least one fertilizer plow / hoe. The fertilizer tank is connected to the frame via a fertilizer tank side plate and a fertilizer tank support frame. The fertilizer discharge mechanism is located at the bottom of the fertilizer tank. One end of the fertilizer pipe is connected to the fertilizer discharge mechanism, and the other end of the fertilizer pipe is connected to the fertilizer plow / hoe via a fertilizer leg. The fertilizer discharge mechanism includes a drive motor, a rotating shaft, at least one fertilizer applicator, and at least one fertilizer discharge gear. The drive motor is located on one side of the fertilizer tank side plate, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the rotating shaft. The fertilizer applicator is fixed to the bottom of the fertilizer tank and located below the fertilizer discharge port of the fertilizer tank. The fertilizer discharge gear is connected to the rotating shaft and located inside the fertilizer applicator.

4. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 3, characterized in that: A fixing rod is connected to the fertilizer leg, and the fixing rod is connected to the frame through a fertilizer leg fixing bracket; the fertilizer leg fixing bracket includes a sleeve and a fixing plate that are fixedly connected to each other, the fixing plate is connected to the frame by fastening screws, and the fixing rod is sleeved on the sleeve; the sleeve is provided with fasteners for fixing the fixing rod and the sleeve together.

5. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-rotary tillage system includes a micro-rotary tillage mechanism, which comprises a rotary tillage frame, a rotary tillage assembly, a soil guiding assembly, a gearbox, and a rotary tillage depth adjustment screw. The rotary tillage assembly and the soil guiding assembly are respectively connected to the inner and outer rear sides of the rotary tillage frame. The gearbox is located on the rotary tillage frame and connected to the rotary tillage assembly. The gearbox is connected to a universal power connection shaft. A lifting plate is provided on the rotary tillage frame, and the top of the lifting plate is connected to the rotary tillage depth adjustment screw. The rotary tillage depth adjustment screw is connected to the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism through a rotary tillage mechanism fixing seat. The rotary tillage frame includes a rotary tillage frame square tube, a cover plate, and rotary tillage side plates. The rotary tiller square tube is disposed between the two rotary tiller side plates, and the cover plate is connected to the top surface of the rotary tiller square tube and located between the two rotary tiller side plates; the rotary tiller assembly includes a rotary tiller shaft, rotary tillers, and a roller cover, the roller cover is disposed on the two rotary tiller side plates, the rotary tiller shaft is horizontally connected between the two roller covers, the rotary tiller shaft is connected to the gearbox, the rotary tillers are distributed on the rotary tiller shaft, and the rotary tillers are soil-throwing blades; a soil-collecting plate is connected to the roller cover, and a reinforcing plate is provided on the outer side of the soil-collecting plate; it also includes a rotary tiller intermediate plow, which is connected to the outer front side of the gearbox.

6. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil guiding assembly includes a soil guiding plate, a soil retaining plate, and a soil guiding plate support. The soil guiding plate support is connected to the outside of the rotary tillage side plate. The soil guiding plate is located between two soil guiding plate supports. The soil retaining plate is located at the center of the top surface of the soil guiding plate. The minimum distance between the inclined surface of the soil guiding plate and the tip of the rotary tillage blade is 2 cm. The soil guiding plate has an angle of 45° with the ground in the forward direction on the horizontal plane.

7. A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 5, characterized in that: The four-bar linkage includes a four-bar seat and a connecting rod. The four-bar seats are respectively disposed on the frame and the crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism, and the connecting rod is connected between two opposite four-bar seats.

8. A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soil covering and film laying system includes a soil covering mechanism and a film laying mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes a soil distributing box with a soil distributing channel, a vibrator, and a crossbeam of the soil covering mechanism. The vibrator is located in the soil distributing box and is used to vibrate the soil distributing box to prevent the soil distributing channel from being blocked. The soil distributing box includes a front soil distributing plate, a rear soil distributing plate, side soil distributing plates, a soil distributing partition, a dividing plate, and a V-shaped plate. The front soil distributing plate and the rear soil distributing plate are located between the two side soil distributing plates. The dividing plate is inclined at the bottom of the soil distributing partition. The soil distributing partition is located between the front soil distributing plate and the soil distributing... Between the rear plates, the V-shaped plate is inverted and positioned between the two soil-dividing side plates, and located below the soil-dividing partition. The upper part of the soil-dividing channel in the soil-dividing box is a through space, and the lower part has several soil-dividing openings. The soil-dividing opening includes an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is formed by the cooperation between the front soil-dividing plate and the V-shaped plate, and the outlet is formed by the cooperation between the V-shaped plate and two adjacent partition plates, or by the V-shaped plate, the partition plates, and the soil-dividing side plates. The vibrator is mounted on the V-shaped plate and located near the outlet.

9. A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 8, characterized in that: The membrane laying mechanism includes a membrane roller support plate, a soil distribution box fixing beam, and a membrane laying assembly. The membrane laying assembly and the soil distribution box fixing beam are both located between two membrane roller support plates, with the soil distribution box fixing beam positioned above the membrane laying assembly. The soil distribution box is fixedly connected to the soil distribution box fixing beam. The membrane roller support plate is connected to the soil covering mechanism beam via a ground roller T-shaped frame. The membrane laying assembly includes a drive assembly, a membrane roller, and a membrane threading shaft. The membrane roller is connected to the membrane roller support plates on both sides via bearing seats. The pressure roller support plate is provided with a plastic film installation bracket. The horizontal limit of the film-passing shaft is located between two plastic film installation brackets. The drive assembly is connected to one side of the pressure roller support plate and is used to drive the pressure roller to rotate. The drive assembly includes a hydraulic motor, a drive sprocket, a driven sprocket, and a chain. The hydraulic motor is located on the pressure roller support plate. The drive sprocket is connected to the output shaft of the hydraulic motor. The driven sprocket is connected to the pressure roller. The chain is connected to the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket.

10. A multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 9, characterized in that: The film-cutting system includes a blade holder beam, a cutter, and at least two sets of linkage mechanisms. The cutter is fixedly mounted on the blade holder beam, and the linkage mechanisms are connected to the blade holder beam to drive the blade to move the cutter in a circular motion. The cutter includes an integrally formed horizontal plate and a cutting blade body. The cutting blade body is fixedly connected to the blade holder beam via the horizontal plate. The bottom of the cutting blade body is provided with cutting teeth, and the horizontal plate is provided with a reinforcing block, which supports the blade holder beam. The linkage mechanism includes a sickle-shaped arm, a fan-shaped arm, a hydraulic cylinder, and a cutting support plate. The sickle-shaped arm is fixedly mounted on the end of the blade holder beam, and the fan-shaped arm is fixedly connected to the sickle-shaped arm. The hydraulic cylinder is hinged to one end of the fan-shaped arm via a telescopic steel rod and is hinged to a cylinder support. The cutting support plate is hinged to the other end of the fan-shaped arm, and the cylinder support is fixedly connected to the cutting blade. The membrane support plate; the sickle-shaped arm includes an integrally formed first connecting part and a second connecting part, the first connecting part having a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole, the first mounting hole being connected to the fan-shaped arm by fasteners, and the second connecting part being connected to the knife holder beam; the fan-shaped arm has a double-layer structure, each layer of the fan-shaped arm having an arc-shaped plate, the arc-shaped plate having several third mounting holes, the third mounting holes on two fan-shaped arms being fixedly connected by at least one metal shaft, the metal shaft being connected to a membrane cutting tension spring, the other end of the membrane cutting tension spring being connected to the second mounting hole; both the fan-shaped arm and the cylinder bracket have positioning holes, the hydraulic cylinder being connected to the positioning hole on the cylinder bracket by a cylinder positioning pin, the telescopic steel rod being connected to the positioning hole on the fan-shaped arm by the cylinder positioning pin; each hydraulic cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pipe.

11. A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 10, characterized in that: It also includes a hydraulic power-assisted drive system, which includes a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic pump, and a hydraulic regulating valve. The hydraulic oil tank, the hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic regulating valve are connected by hydraulic oil pipes. The hydraulic pump is connected to the gearbox via a universal power coupling shaft, and the hydraulic regulating valve is connected to the hydraulic cylinder via the hydraulic pipe.

12. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a seeding system, which includes a four-bar linkage bracket fixing base, a four-bar linkage, a four-bar linkage bracket, a seed box, a seeding wheel, and a secondary seed box. The four-bar linkage bracket fixing base is connected to the frame, the four-bar linkage bracket is connected to the four-bar linkage bracket fixing base through the four-bar linkage, the secondary seed box is connected to the top of the four-bar linkage bracket, the seeding wheel is connected to the bottom of the four-bar linkage bracket through a seeding wheel bracket, and the seed box is provided on the seeding wheel bracket.

13. A multi-functional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 12, characterized in that: It also includes a watering system, which includes a water tank, a distribution valve and a water wheel. The water tank is mounted on the frame and is connected to the distribution valve via a main water pipe. The distribution valve is connected to the water wheel via a branch water pipe, and the water wheel is connected to the four-bar linkage via a water wheel bracket.

14. The multifunctional precision mulching and direct seeding machine for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a drip irrigation tape laying system, which includes a drip irrigation tape roller, a drip irrigation tape, and a guide tube. The drip irrigation tape roller is connected to the frame via a drip irrigation tape bracket. The drip irrigation tape is wound around the drip irrigation tape roller. The guide tube is connected to the frame and the drip irrigation tape passes through the guide tube.

Images