Method for increasing yield of Zhejiang coastal early rice by using broccoli
By crushing and composting broccoli stems and leaves and mixing them with chemical fertilizers to form organic fertilizer for returning to the field, the problem of slow decomposition of broccoli stems and leaves was solved, soil fertility and early rice yield were improved, and the cost of chemical fertilizers was reduced.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-10
AI Technical Summary
Broccoli stems and leaves have a high fiber content, which decomposes slowly. Directly returning them to the field is not ideal and may lead to soil nutrient depletion, affecting the growth of subsequent crops.
Broccoli stems and leaves are crushed and mixed with chemical fertilizers to form organic fertilizer that is then returned to the field. The processing device is set up with crushing chambers and composting and mixing chambers along the direction of the field ridges. The discharge is controlled by a rotating shaft and a pusher plate to achieve efficient composting and uniform fertilization.
It improves soil fertility enhancement efficiency, reduces fertilizer costs, significantly increases early rice yield, and reduces the risk of eutrophication in aquatic environments.
Smart Images
Figure CN121817029A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the broccoli stem and leaf field, especially to a method for increasing the yield of early rice in the east coast of Zhejiang by using broccoli. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the east of Zhejiang, with its unique climate and soil conditions, has become an important broccoli planting base in China. As a kind of high economic value of vegetables, not only enriches the local farmers' income, but also provides consumers with nutritious green food. However, in the process of planting and harvesting of broccoli, its stem and leaf part will be discarded in large quantities.
[0003] In actual operation, due to the trouble of processing, most of these residual broccoli stems and leaves are directly returned to the field to provide organic matter for soil through their natural decomposition, and then to improve soil fertility. However, this direct return to the field has the problem of limited improvement of fertility.
[0004] Firstly, the fiber content of broccoli stems and leaves is high, and the decomposition rate is slow, which leads to unsatisfactory effect of returning to the field. In the process of natural decomposition, not only the time is long, but also the subsequent planting and growth of crops may be affected. Secondly, the untreated broccoli stems and leaves directly returned to the field may absorb nitrogen and other nutrients in the soil during the decomposition process, causing soil nutrient loss in the short term, which may adversely affect crop growth. SUMMARY
[0005] The present application provides a method for increasing the yield of early rice in the east coast of Zhejiang by using broccoli, which can overcome some or some defects of the prior art.
[0006] According to the method for increasing the yield of early rice in the east coast of Zhejiang by using broccoli, the method comprises the following steps:
[0007] Step S1, planting broccoli in the field;
[0008] Step S2, harvesting the broccoli;
[0009] In the process of planting and harvesting, the residual broccoli stems and leaves are crushed and treated as organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer for returning to the field;
[0010] Step S3, preparing the field after returning to the field for early rice planting.
[0011] As a preferred, the variety of broccoli in step S1 is Taolu 1, 3 or 5.
[0012] As a preferred, the crushed broccoli stems and leaves in step S2 are piled up and decomposed to form compost, and the organic fertilizer comprises chemical fertilizer and the compost.
[0013] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises 60% chemical fertilizer and 40% compost by mass fraction.
[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the residual broccoli stems and leaves are treated by a treatment device arranged between adjacent ridges.
[0015] The treatment device is arranged along the length direction of the ridge and sequentially provided from top to bottom with a crushing cavity for putting in the broccoli stems and leaves and a composting mixing cavity for discharging.
[0016] A movable partition is arranged between the crushing cavity and the composting mixing cavity, and the partition is used to separate or connect the crushing cavity and the composting mixing cavity.
[0017] The step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:
[0018] In step S21, during the process of planting and harvesting broccoli along the ridge, the broccoli stems and leaves are directly put into the treatment device for crushing.
[0019] In step S22, after crushing, the partition is extracted so that the crushed broccoli stems and leaves fall into the composting mixing cavity.
[0020] In step S23, the partition is inserted so that the crushed broccoli stems and leaves are composted in the closed composting mixing cavity to form the compost.
[0021] In step S24, the partition is extracted, and chemical fertilizer is added to the composting mixing cavity through the crushing cavity to mix with the compost to form the organic fertilizer.
[0022] In step S25, the treatment device is lifted and placed above the ridge, and the organic fertilizer is discharged to the ridge through the lower switchable discharge port of the composting mixing cavity for field application.
[0023] Preferably, the crushing cavity is symmetrically provided with a first rotating shaft along the length direction of the ridge, and the outer wall of the first rotating shaft is provided with a spiral stirring blade.
[0024] The area between the two stirring blades forms a crushing area for receiving the broccoli stems and leaves and crushing them. Preferably, the composting mixing cavity is provided with a second rotating shaft along the length direction of the ridge, and the second rotating shaft can be controlled to rotate by a servo motor. The upper and lower sides of the second rotating shaft are respectively provided with a stirring rod and a push plate.
[0025] Preferably, the stirring rod is used to swing back and forth when rotating to the lower side with the second rotating shaft, so as to stir and mix the compost and the chemical fertilizer.
[0026] As preferred, the push plate is used to push the organic fertilizer in the composting mixing cavity to the discharge port for discharging during rotating to the lower side along the second rotating shaft.
[0027] As preferred, an arc-shaped baffle is arranged at the discharge port; the baffle is arranged along the length direction of the field ridge and is consistent with the extension length of the composting mixing cavity.
[0028] The baffle is connected with a sliding block which can be pushed by the push plate and moves along the inner wall of the composting mixing cavity.
[0029] The push plate is used to push the sliding block to move the baffle to open the discharge port.
[0030] The push plate is used to be controlled to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to the directly below to push the organic fertilizer on the right side or the left side of the composting mixing cavity to the opened discharge port.
[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following progress:
[0032] (1) The present application provides a method for treating broccoli stems and leaves, which is convenient to operate and has good treatment effect. The treated broccoli stems and leaves are then combined with chemical fertilizers for field application, which improves the fertility and efficiency.
[0033] (2) The present application uses a treatment device consistent with the extension direction of the field ridge, which facilitates real-time sorting when the planting personnel move along the field ridge, and also facilitates subsequent organic fertilizer field application. The organic fertilizer can be directly covered on the field ridge along the length direction of the field ridge.
[0034] (3) The treatment device in the present application integrates sorting and collection, crushing, closed composting, and mixing. The structure is simple and convenient to operate.
[0035] (4) The treatment device in the present application is long and strip-shaped along the length direction of the field ridge, which is not convenient for opening and closing control of the discharge port. The organic fertilizer is prone to form residual accumulation in the composting mixing cavity, and the discharge is not complete. Therefore, the present application arranges a stirring rod and a push plate at two positions on the same rotating shaft, so that through the rotation control of the servo motor, the functions of mixing, pushing, and controlling the opening and closing of the discharge port can be realized at the same time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0036] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for improving the yield of early rice in the Zhejiang East Coast in the present application;
[0037] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the treatment device in the present application;
[0038] Figure 3 is Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective;
[0039] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram;
[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second rotating shaft, the push plate, and the stirring rod in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0041] Combination Figures 1-5 This embodiment provides a method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, which includes the following steps:
[0042] Step S1: Plant broccoli in the field;
[0043] Step S2: Harvest the broccoli;
[0044] During the planting and harvesting process, the remaining broccoli stems and leaves are crushed and then used as organic fertilizer in combination with chemical fertilizers and returned to the field.
[0045] Step S3: Prepare the land after returning it to the field for early rice planting.
[0046] In this embodiment, the broccoli variety mentioned in step S1 is Tailv No. 1, No. 3, or No. 5.
[0047] Growers selected early- and mid-maturing broccoli varieties, such as Tailv No. 1 and No. 3, harvested from December to January of the following year. After harvest, the fresh weight of each plant (roots, stems, and leaves) was approximately 1.3 kg (approximately 1.2 kg above ground and 0.1 kg underground). Mid- and late-maturing varieties, such as Tailv No. 5, harvested from February to early March, had a fresh weight of approximately 1.6 kg of roots, stems, and leaves per plant (approximately 1.4 kg above ground and 0.2 kg underground). Nutrient content of the organic fertilizer source is detailed in Table 1.
[0048] Table 1 Nutrient content of organic fertilizer from discarded broccoli stems and leaves
[0049]
[0050] Note: Broccoli stem and leaf sampling location: Broccoli experimental field at Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences base. The first sampling used the variety Tailv No. 1, and the second sampling used Tailv No. 5.
[0051] Broccoli plants were removed from the ground, cleaned of soil, and then slightly air-dried before being weighed for fresh weight. The weighed organic matter was then placed in an oven and blanched at 105℃ for 30 minutes, followed by drying at 70℃ for 72 hours before being weighed for dry weight.
[0052] The results showed that the water content of the roots, stems, and leaves was approximately 88.37%. Meanwhile, testing conducted by Hangzhou Greentown Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd. revealed that the total nitrogen content of the broccoli roots, stems, and leaves was 0.353%, total phosphorus was 0.087%, and total potassium was 0.436%. Based on a planting density of 2700 broccoli plants per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), the fresh roots, stems, and leaves remaining per mu after harvest would weigh 3510–4320 kg. The total fresh roots, stems, and leaves produced from the city's 120,000 mu (approximately 8,000 hectares) of broccoli cultivation would amount to approximately 400,000–500,000 tons. This waste will be naturally returned to the soil during plowing, translating to approximately 160–200 tons of pure broccoli. Returning the broccoli roots and leaves to the soil not only improves basic soil fertility but also significantly reduces eutrophication in aquatic environments.
[0053] However, directly returning broccoli stems and leaves to the field has limited effect on improving soil fertility. Therefore, in this embodiment, a convenient and effective method is adopted to treat broccoli stems and leaves in order to improve their fertility-enhancing effect.
[0054] Specifically, in this embodiment, the broccoli stems and leaves after being crushed in step S2 are piled up and decomposed to form compost, and the organic fertilizer includes chemical fertilizer and the compost.
[0055] Through testing, growers used a blank treatment as the blank control group (T1) and a conventional fertilizer treatment as the control group (T2). They found that when using organic fertilizer with a ratio of 60% chemical fertilizer and 40% compost, the yield increased by 40.24% compared to T1, a highly significant difference, and by 1.05% compared to T2. This approach not only utilized the stems and leaves of the pomegranate flower but also saved on fertilizer costs and effectively increased the yield of early rice.
[0056] Therefore, in this embodiment, the organic fertilizer is preferably composed of 60% chemical fertilizer and 40% compost by mass fraction.
[0057] Furthermore, in step S2 of this embodiment, the remaining broccoli stems and leaves are processed by a processing device 200 located between adjacent ridges;
[0058] The processing device 200 is arranged along the length of the field ridge, and from top to bottom, it is provided with a crushing chamber 210 with an upper opening for putting in broccoli stems and leaves and a composting and mixing chamber 320 with a lower opening for discharging materials.
[0059] A removable partition 220 is provided between the crushing chamber 210 and the composting and mixing chamber 320. The partition 220 is used to separate or connect the crushing chamber 210 and the composting and mixing chamber 320.
[0060] Step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
[0061] Step S21: During the normal planting and harvesting of broccoli along the field ridges, the broccoli stems and leaves are directly put into the processing device 200 for crushing.
[0062] Step S22: After crushing, remove the partition 220 so that the crushed broccoli stems and leaves in the crushing chamber 210 fall into the composting and mixing chamber 320.
[0063] Step S23: Insert the partition 220 so that the crushed broccoli stems and leaves can be composted in the sealed composting and mixing chamber 320 to form the compost.
[0064] Step S24: Remove the partition 220 and add chemical fertilizer into the composting and mixing chamber 320 through the crushing chamber 210 to mix with the compost to form organic fertilizer;
[0065] Step S25: The processing plant is raised and positioned above the field ridge, and the organic fertilizer is then discharged onto the field ridge through the openable discharge port 380 at the bottom of the composting and mixing chamber 320 to complete the return to the field.
[0066] Specifically, in this embodiment, a processing device 200 (which is composed of one or more devices connected end to end and adjusted according to the actual length of the ridge) is first used in a direction consistent with the length of the ridge.
[0067] On the one hand, the processing device 200 is easy to place; on the other hand, it also makes it convenient for growers to throw the remaining pomegranate stems and leaves directly into the processing device 200 when they are working along the field ridges.
[0068] Furthermore, the partition 220 in this embodiment:
[0069] When inserted, the support plate can better support the crushed broccoli stems and leaves; and it can also ensure the airtightness of the composting and mixing chamber 320 afterward.
[0070] When pulled out, the broccoli stems and leaves located on the upper surface of the partition 220 will naturally fall into the composting and mixing chamber 320 below;
[0071] The process is convenient; the operator only needs to sort the broccoli stems and leaves and remove and insert the partition 220.
[0072] In this embodiment, a first rotating shaft 230 that can be driven to rotate is symmetrically arranged in the crushing chamber 210 along the length of the ridge, and a spiral stirring blade 240 is provided on the outer wall of the first rotating shaft 230.
[0073] The area between the two stirring blades 240 forms a crushing zone 310 for receiving and crushing broccoli stems and leaves.
[0074] Understandably, the two spiral stirring blades 240 work together well to crush larger broccoli tubers, resulting in better crushing efficiency.
[0075] In this embodiment, the semi-cylindrical composting and mixing chamber 320 is provided with a second rotating shaft 330 along the length of the field ridge. The second rotating shaft 330 can be controlled to rotate by a servo motor 250. The upper and lower sides of the second rotating shaft 330 are respectively provided with a stirring rod 340 and a push plate 350. The length of the stirring rod 340 is less than that of the push plate 350.
[0076] Specifically, since the material and fertilizer falling into the composting and mixing chamber 320 are concentrated at the bottom, the second rotating shaft 330 in this embodiment has two working modes;
[0077] The first working mode is to use the stirring rod 340 to reciprocate and rotate in the lower area to mix the fertilizer and compost, thereby improving the fertilizer efficiency; at this time, the push plate 350 does not work.
[0078] The second working mode is because the organic fertilizer is stuck together in the cavity due to solidity, and it is difficult for the organic fertilizer to be smoothly discharged from the discharge port 380 below by gravity alone. At the same time, the crushing chamber 210 is provided above the composting and mixing chamber 320, which is not convenient to pour out from the top. In this embodiment, the organic fertilizer is pushed downward by the push plate 350 rotating along the inner wall of the composting and mixing chamber 320, so as to better avoid the organic fertilizer residue accumulation in the cavity. At this time, the operation of the stirring rod 340 is not affected.
[0079] In this embodiment, the stirring rod 340 is used to swing back and forth when it rotates to the lower side with the second rotating shaft 330 to mix the compost and the fertilizer.
[0080] In this embodiment, the pusher plate 350 is used to push the organic fertilizer in the composting and mixing chamber 320 to the discharge port 380 for discharge as it rotates to the lower side with the second rotating shaft 330.
[0081] Specifically, in this embodiment, an arc-shaped baffle 360 is provided at the discharge port 380; the baffle 360 is connected to two sides of a slider 370 that can be pushed by the push plate 350 to move along the inner wall of the composting and mixing chamber 320; the bottom of the slider 370 protrudes to form a protrusion, and the inner wall of the composting and mixing chamber 320 forms a groove that slides and limits the protrusion to limit and guide the slider 370;
[0082] The width of the slider 370 will only block a small part of the discharge port 380, and will not affect the discharge.
[0083] The pusher plate 350 is used to push the slider 370 as the second rotating shaft 330 rotates, so as to drive the baffle 360 to move and open the discharge port 380.
[0084] The pusher plate 350 is controlled to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to directly downwards, so as to push the organic fertilizer on the right or left side of the composting mixing chamber 320 to the open discharge port 380 for leakage.
[0085] During the rotation of the push plate 350, it first rotates clockwise to push the slider 370 on the left side, and at the same time pushes the organic fertilizer on the left side to move downward through the plate surface of the push plate 350, and can then leak out through the discharge port 380 at the baffle 360 that is pushed open clockwise.
[0086] Secondly, controlled by the servo motor 250, it rotates counterclockwise, pushing the slider 370 on the right side, and at the same time pushing the organic fertilizer on the right side to move downward, and can then be discharged through the outlet 380 at the baffle 360 that is pushed out counterclockwise.
[0087] After the material is discharged, the servo motor 250 controls the push plate 350 to rotate, so that the baffle 360 covers the discharge port 380.
[0088] In summary, this embodiment demonstrates that the treatment of broccoli tubers can effectively improve fertility enhancement. It is also convenient to implement and relatively easy to use, requiring only proper control of the process and requiring minimal operational skills from growers.
[0089] It is readily understood that those skilled in the art can combine, split, or reorganize the embodiments provided in this application to obtain other embodiments, all of which do not exceed the protection scope of this application.
[0090] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the embodiments shown are only part of the embodiments of the present invention. The actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Plant broccoli in the field; Step S2: Harvest the broccoli; During the planting and harvesting process, the remaining broccoli stems and leaves are crushed and then used as organic fertilizer in combination with chemical fertilizers and returned to the field. Step S3: Prepare the land after returning it to the field for early rice planting.
2. The method for increasing the yield of early rice in coastal Zhejiang using broccoli according to claim 1, characterized in that, The broccoli variety mentioned in step S1 is Tailv No. 1, No. 3 or No.
5.
3. The method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the broccoli stems and leaves that have been crushed are piled up and decomposed to form compost. The organic fertilizer includes chemical fertilizer and the compost.
4. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, as described in claim 3, is characterized in that... The organic fertilizer comprises, by mass fraction, 60% chemical fertilizer and 40% compost.
5. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... In step S2, the remaining broccoli stems and leaves are processed by a treatment device (200) located between adjacent ridges; The processing device (200) is arranged along the length of the field ridge, and from top to bottom, it is provided with a crushing chamber (210) with an open upper part for putting in broccoli stems and leaves and a composting and mixing chamber (320) with material discharge in the lower part. A removable partition (220) is provided between the crushing chamber (210) and the composting and mixing chamber (320). The partition (220) is used to separate or connect the crushing chamber (210) and the composting and mixing chamber (320). Step S2 specifically includes the following steps: Step S21: During the normal planting and harvesting of broccoli along the field ridges, the broccoli stems and leaves are directly put into the processing device (200) for crushing; Step S22: After crushing, remove the partition (220) so that the crushed broccoli stems and leaves in the crushing chamber (210) fall into the composting and mixing chamber (320); Step S23: Insert the partition (220) so that the crushed broccoli stems and leaves can be composted in the sealed composting and mixing chamber (320) to form the compost; Step S24: Remove the partition (220) and add chemical fertilizer into the composting and mixing chamber (320) through the crushing chamber (210) to mix with the compost to form organic fertilizer; Step S25: The treatment plant is raised and positioned above the field ridge, and the organic fertilizer is then discharged onto the field ridge through the openable outlet (380) at the bottom of the composting and mixing chamber (320) for return to the field.
6. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The crushing chamber (210) is symmetrically provided with a first rotating shaft (230) along the length of the ridge, and a spiral stirring blade (240) is provided on the outer wall of the first rotating shaft (230); The area between the two stirring blades (240) forms a crushing zone (310) for receiving and crushing broccoli stems and leaves.
7. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in coastal Zhejiang using broccoli according to claim 6, characterized in that, The composting and mixing chamber (320) is provided with a second rotating shaft (330) along the length of the field ridge. The second rotating shaft (330) can be controlled to rotate by a servo motor (250). The upper and lower sides of the second rotating shaft (330) are respectively provided with a stirring rod (340) and a push plate (350).
8. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in coastal Zhejiang using broccoli according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stirring rod (340) is used to swing back and forth as it rotates to the lower side with the second rotating shaft (330) to mix the compost and the fertilizer.
9. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, as described in claim 7, is characterized in that... The pusher plate (350) is used to push the organic fertilizer in the composting and mixing chamber (320) to the discharge port (380) for discharge as it rotates to the lower side with the second rotating shaft (330).
10. A method for increasing the yield of early rice in the coastal areas of eastern Zhejiang using broccoli, as described in claim 9, characterized in that... An arc-shaped baffle (360) is provided at the discharge port (380); the baffle (360) is arranged along the length of the field ridge and is consistent with the extension length of the composting and mixing chamber (320); The baffle (360) has sliders (370) on both sides that can be pushed by the push plate (350) and move along the inner wall of the composting and mixing chamber (320); The push plate (350) is used to push the slider (370) as the second rotating shaft (330) rotates, so as to drive the baffle (360) to move and open the discharge port (380); The pusher plate (350) is controlled to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to directly downwards to push the organic fertilizer on the right or left side of the composting mixing chamber (320) to the open outlet (380) for leakage.