Feed additive for improving muscle quality of bullfrogs and application of feed additive

Abstract

The invention relates to a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of bullfrogs and application of the feed additive. The additive is prepared from broad beans, radix scutellariae, rhizoma coptidis and radix et rhizoma rhei. According to the research, broad beans can remarkably improve the muscle quality of bullfrogs, meanwhile, radix scutellariae, rhizoma coptidis and radix et rhizoma rhei are added, so that potential negative effects of the broad beans on the bullfrogs can be remarkably improved, the digestion ability of the feed is improved, and the survival rate and the weight gain rate of the bullfrogs are kept. Therefore, the invention provides a special feed additive for directionally improving the meat quality and taste of bullfrogs, which can realize collaborative optimization of quality-growth-health, and has important application value for high-quality green breeding of bullfrogs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of animal feed technology, and in particular to a feed additive for improving the muscle quality of bullfrogs and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeiana Bullfrogs are an important economically important frog species, and their market size has expanded rapidly in recent years, making them one of the mainstream aquatic products. On the one hand, farmers hope to improve the survival rate, weight gain rate, and feed utilization rate of bullfrogs through nutritional regulation and other means to reduce costs and increase output; on the other hand, the market has placed higher demands on the quality indicators of frog meat, such as taste and texture (e.g., firmness, chewiness, elasticity). However, in actual production, feed strategies that promote rapid growth may sometimes lead to loose muscle and reduced flavor; while programs aimed at specifically improving muscle quality (such as using specific feed ingredients) may have unknown negative impacts on the animal's physiological health, stress resistance, or overall growth performance. Therefore, developing a green feed additive technology that can synergistically improve the muscle quality, growth performance, and health status of bullfrogs is of great significance for promoting the quality improvement, efficiency enhancement, and sustainable development of the bullfrog farming industry.

[0003] Among numerous potential functional ingredients, broad beans and their extracts have shown clear effects in inducing muscle "brittleness" in fish, but they also significantly affect fish survival rate, weight gain, feed utilization efficiency, and overall health. However, their application effects and potential side effects in frogs remain unclear. Meanwhile, various medicinal plant extracts, due to their broad biological activities (such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic regulation, and appetite enhancement), show application potential in healthy aquaculture. For example, CN102870979A discloses a compound feed additive of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing red leg disease in bullfrogs, composed of Polygonum hydropiper, Galla chinensis, Rheum palmatum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Forsythia suspensa, Bupleurum chinense, Plantago asiatica, Achyranthes bidentata, Aconitum carmichaelii, and Pheretima aspergillum. This additive can prevent red leg disease in bullfrogs and also promote weight gain and growth. However, the effect of this composition on bullfrog muscle quality is unknown; furthermore, this composition contains many ingredients, and some herbs, such as Aconitum carmichaelii, are toxic, while Polygonum hydropiper can easily cause gastrointestinal irritation. Therefore, it is not suitable for daily feed use and should only be used during disease treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the contradiction in existing bullfrog farming additives that fail to simultaneously improve growth performance and muscle quality. It aims to explore a farming technique that can improve bullfrog muscle quality while also enhancing feed utilization, survival rate, and weight gain. Extensive research has shown that broad bean extract can significantly improve bullfrog muscle quality; however, using broad bean extract alone may have some adverse effects on the bullfrog's physiological state. Further research has revealed that by synergistically adding Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb extracts to the feed, not only can the muscle quality-improving effect of broad bean extract be fully maintained, but its potential negative effects can also be effectively mitigated, thereby significantly improving the bullfrog's survival rate, weight gain, and feed utilization. Therefore, a specific combination of broad bean, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb extracts can organically combine the muscle quality-improving properties of broad bean with the physiological regulatory functions of these extracts, achieving a multi-target, multi-level synergistic effect through scientific formulation, overcoming the limitations of single-ingredient application. The combination of broad bean, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis and rhubarb extracts is a specialized feed additive that can achieve synergistic optimization of "quality-growth-health" to improve the meat texture and promote growth of bullfrogs, providing an innovative solution for high-quality green farming of bullfrogs.

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an additive and feed for bullfrog farming.

[0006] The above-mentioned objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention first provides the application of broad bean extract in the preparation of feed additives or feeds that improve the muscle quality of bullfrogs.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to improve the quality of bullfrog muscle while effectively mitigating the negative effects of long-term consumption of broad bean extract on bullfrogs, we combined a regulatory composition consisting of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract with broad bean extract to achieve the goal of balancing "quality, growth, and health".

[0008] Therefore, the present invention provides an additive for bullfrog farming, comprising broad bean extract and a regulatory composition; the regulatory composition comprises Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and rhubarb extract.

[0009] Preferably, the mass ratio of broad bean extract to the regulating composition is (1~10):1.

[0010] More preferably, the mass ratio of broad bean extract to the regulatory composition is (2~6):1.

[0011] More preferably, the mass ratio of broad bean extract to the regulatory composition is 4:1.

[0012] Preferably, in the regulating composition, the mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is (1~10):(1~6):(1~10).

[0013] More preferably, the mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is (2~6):(1~3):(2~6).

[0014] More preferably, the mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is 2:1:2.

[0015] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned additives in the preparation of bullfrog farming feed. The feed can improve bullfrog muscle quality and growth performance.

[0016] The improvement of bullfrog muscle quality includes key quality indicators such as hardness, chewiness, and elasticity.

[0017] The improvement in growth performance includes maintaining the survival rate of bullfrogs, increasing the weight gain rate, and enhancing feed digestibility.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a feed for bullfrog farming, comprising the above-mentioned additive containing broad bean extract and a regulatory composition.

[0019] Preferably, the broad bean extract accounts for 5-15% of the feed by weight.

[0020] More preferably, the broad bean extract accounts for 5-10% of the feed by weight.

[0021] More preferably, the broad bean extract accounts for 8% of the feed by weight.

[0022] Preferably, the regulating composition accounts for 1-8% of the feed by mass.

[0023] Preferably, the regulating composition accounts for 1-5% of the feed by mass.

[0024] Preferably, the regulating composition accounts for 2% of the feed by mass.

[0025] Specifically, as one of the alternative implementation schemes, the feed may be formulated as follows: 25-35 wt% fish meal, 15-25 wt% soybean meal, 5-17 wt% soybean protein concentrate, 15-30 wt% corn starch, 1-3 wt% fish oil, 1-3 wt% soybean oil, 0.5-1 wt% choline chloride, 1-2 wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 wt% multivitamin and mineral premix, 0.5-1 wt% L-lysine, 0.5-1 wt% L-methionine, 5-15% broad bean extract, 1-8% regulatory composition, and the balance being microcrystalline cellulose.

[0026] As an alternative preferred embodiment, the feed may be formulated as follows: 30wt% fish meal, 19wt% soybean meal, 11wt% soybean protein concentrate, 22wt% corn starch, 2wt% fish oil, 2wt% soybean oil, 0.5wt% choline chloride, 1wt% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1wt% multivitamin and mineral premix, 0.5wt% L-lysine, 0.5wt% L-methionine, 8% broad bean extract, 2% regulatory composition, and the balance being microcrystalline cellulose.

[0027] The multivitamin and mineral premix is ​​a premix of multiple vitamins and / or multiple minerals, which can be purchased commercially.

[0028] Furthermore, in the present invention, preferably, the extract is an aqueous extract, namely, a broad bean aqueous extract, a Scutellaria baicalensis aqueous extract, a Coptis chinensis aqueous extract, and a rhubarb aqueous extract. Each aqueous extract can be commercially available or extracted using conventional aqueous extraction methods.

[0029] Specifically, as an alternative implementation method, broad bean water extract can be extracted using the following methods: (1) Remove the shells from the broad beans, crush them, and sieve them with a sieve opening of 40~80μm to obtain broad bean powder; (2) The obtained broad bean powder is suspended in 8 to 15 times the volume of distilled water and the pH is adjusted to 8.5 to 9.5. After ultrasonic treatment at 40 to 50°C for 0.5 to 3 hours, the mixture is centrifuged to obtain the first water supernatant. The precipitate is then suspended again in 4 to 10 times the volume of distilled water and centrifuged to obtain the second water supernatant. (3) Mix the first water supernatant and the second water supernatant, and adjust the pH to 4.5~5.5; let the mixed supernatant stand at 1~10℃ for 12~48 h and then centrifuge to remove the precipitate; concentrate the supernatant to dryness to obtain broad bean water extract.

[0030] Preferably, in step (1), the sieve aperture is 60 μm.

[0031] Preferably, in step (2), the broad bean powder is suspended in 12 times its volume of distilled water.

[0032] Preferably, in step (2), the precipitate is resuspended in 6 times its volume of distilled water.

[0033] Preferably, in step (2), the pH is adjusted to 9.0.

[0034] Preferably, in step (2), a saturated calcium hydroxide solution is used to adjust the pH.

[0035] Preferably, in step (2), the ultrasonic treatment conditions are ultrasonic treatment at 45°C for 1 h.

[0036] Preferably, in step (3), the pH is adjusted to 5.0.

[0037] Preferably, in step (3), 4 M hydrochloric acid is used to adjust the pH.

[0038] Preferably, in step (3), the incubation conditions are 4°C and static incubation for 24 h.

[0039] Preferably, in step (3), the concentration is carried out at 50°C to 60°C (most preferably at 55°C).

[0040] As an alternative implementation method, the aqueous extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and Rheum palmatum can all be extracted using the following methods: (1) The raw Chinese medicinal herbs (Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis or rhubarb) are pulverized and sieved with a sieve aperture of 40~80 μm; (2) The obtained Chinese herbal raw powder is decocted with 8 to 12 times the volume of distilled water for 1 to 3 hours to obtain the first extract; and the residue is decocted again with 6 to 10 times the volume of distilled water for 1 to 3 hours to obtain the second extract. (3) Mix the first extract and the second extract, filter and concentrate to dryness to obtain the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine.

[0041] Preferably, in step (1), the sieve aperture is 60 μm.

[0042] Preferably, in step (2), the raw Chinese herbal medicine powder is decocted with 10 times its volume of distilled water for 2 hours.

[0043] Preferably, in step (2), the dregs are boiled again with 8 times the volume of distilled water for 2 hours.

[0044] Preferably, in step (3), the concentration is carried out at 50°C to 60°C (most preferably at 55°C).

[0045] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention explores and proposes that broad bean extract can significantly improve the muscle quality of bullfrogs, enhancing key quality indicators such as muscle hardness, chewiness, and elasticity, and developing the application value of broad bean-induced benign transformation of bullfrog muscle quality.

[0046] Furthermore, the simultaneous addition of Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb can significantly mitigate the potential negative impact of broad beans on bullfrogs, improve feed digestibility, and maintain the survival and weight gain rates of bullfrogs. Therefore, this invention provides an excellent bullfrog farming feed additive, namely a combination of broad beans, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb, which has significant application value for the edible frog farming industry. Attached Figure Description

[0047] Figure 1 The effects of different feeds on the muscle quality of bullfrogs. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods, and equipment used in this invention are conventional reagents, methods, and equipment in this technical field. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following embodiments are commercially available.

[0049] The broad bean extract, scutellaria baicalensis extract, coptis chinensis extract and rhubarb extract used in the following examples are all water extracts.

[0050] Water extracts of broad beans, scutellaria baicalensis, coptis chinensis, and rhubarb can be purchased commercially or extracted using conventional water extraction methods.

[0051] In the following examples, the broad beans used were commercially available bulk broad beans. The water extract of the broad beans was obtained using the following method: (1) Shell the broad beans, crush them with a grinder and then sieve them with a sieve opening of 60μm; (2) The obtained broad bean powder was suspended in 12 times its volume of distilled water, and the pH was adjusted to 9.0 with saturated calcium hydroxide solution; after ultrasonic treatment at 45℃ for 1 h, the mixture was centrifuged to obtain the first water supernatant; the precipitate was resuspended in 6 times its volume of distilled water and centrifuged to obtain the second water supernatant. (3) Mix the first water supernatant and the second water supernatant, and adjust the pH to 5.0 with 4 M hydrochloric acid; after the mixture is incubated at 4℃ for 24 h, centrifuge to remove the precipitate; concentrate the supernatant to dryness at 55℃ to obtain broad bean water extract.

[0052] In the following examples, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb were purchased in bulk from Huaishuntang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Bozhou City. Aqueous extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb were extracted using the following methods: (1) The raw Chinese medicinal herbs are pulverized by a pulverizer and then sieved with a sieve aperture of 60 μm; (2) The obtained Chinese herbal raw powder was decocted with 10 times the volume of distilled water for 2 hours to obtain the first extract; the residue was decocted again with 8 times the volume of distilled water for 2 hours to obtain the second extract. (3) Mix the first extract and the second extract, filter, and concentrate to dryness at 55°C to obtain the water extract of traditional Chinese medicine.

[0053] The breeding experiments in the following examples were conducted at the Zhongshan Innovation Base of South China Agricultural University, and the bullfrogs used were purchased from Guanxing Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.

[0054] The basic feed ingredients used in the following examples are: fish meal 30wt%, soybean meal 19wt%, soybean protein concentrate 11wt%, corn starch 22wt%, fish oil 2wt%, soybean oil 2wt%, microcrystalline cellulose 10.5wt%, choline chloride 0.5wt%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1wt%, multivitamin and mineral premix 1wt%, L-lysine 0.5wt%, and L-methionine 0.5wt%.

[0055] The multivitamin and mineral premix used in the following examples includes a vitamin premix and a trace element premix in a 1:1 mass ratio. The vitamin premix was purchased from Muzhe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the trace element premix was purchased from Xinfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0056] Example 1: Regulation Composition 1 The regulating composition 1 has the following specific components: 4 g of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 8 g of Coptis chinensis extract, and 8 g of Rheum palmatum extract.

[0057] The mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is 1:2:2.

[0058] Example 2: Regulation Composition 2 The regulating composition 2 has the following specific components: 8 g of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 4 g of Coptis chinensis extract, and 8 g of Rheum palmatum extract.

[0059] The mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is 2:1:2.

[0060] Example 3: Regulation Composition 3 The regulating composition 3 has the following specific components: 8 g of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, 8 g of Coptis chinensis extract, and 4 g of Rheum palmatum extract.

[0061] The mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is 2:2:1.

[0062] Application Example 1: Bullfrog (approximately 150g) Farming Experiment and Results Analysis 1. Experimental Methods 360 bullfrogs of uniform size with an initial weight of about 150g were randomly placed into 9 breeding tanks (1.80 m × 0.6 m × 0.55 m), with 40 bullfrogs in each tank. They were raised for 56 days, during which time their feeding and growth were observed.

[0063] The groups and feed formulations for each group are as follows (see Table 1 for details): (1) Control group: fed with basal feed; (2) Broad bean extract group: feed supplemented with broad bean extract (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract). (3) Group 2 of broad bean extract + regulatory composition: feed with broad bean extract and regulatory composition added (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and regulatory composition 2 of Example 2).

[0064] Survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of bullfrogs in each group were recorded on the 28th and 56th days of rearing. Four bullfrogs in each group were dissected, and leg muscles (2cm × 1cm × 0.5cm) were taken and preserved on ice. The hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, chewiness, and resilience of the muscle were measured within 24 hours using a texture analyzer. The visceral mass, liver, and fat body of each bullfrog were weighed to calculate the visceral-to-body ratio, liver-to-body ratio, and body fat ratio.

[0065] Blood and intestinal tissue samples were collected after the breeding was completed for subsequent indicator analysis.

[0066] Table 1 Experimental feed formulations

[0067] 2. Experimental Results (1) Effects of different feeds on the muscle quality of bullfrogs Depend on Figure 1 It was found that on days 28 and 56 of rearing, the muscle hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and resilience of the bullfrogs in the broad bean extract group were significantly higher than those in the control group. P <0.05; on day 56, the elasticity of bullfrog muscles in the broad bean extract group was also significantly higher than that in the control group ( P <0.05), indicating that long-term feeding with broad bean extract will improve the crispness of bullfrog muscles.

[0068] Meanwhile, on days 28 and 56 of rearing, the muscle hardness, chewiness, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness of the bullfrogs in the two groups (broad bean extract + regulatory composition) were significantly higher than those in the control group. P <0.05); On day 56, the elasticity and resilience of bullfrog muscles in the broad bean extract + regulatory composition groups were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05).

[0069] In addition, there were no significant differences in the hardness, chewiness, elasticity, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and resilience of bullfrog muscle between the broad bean extract group and the broad bean extract + regulatory composition 2 group. This indicates that the combined use of regulatory composition 2 and broad bean extract can retain the muscle-improving effect of broad bean extract.

[0070] (2) Effects of different feeds on the growth performance and morphological indicators of bullfrogs As shown in Table 2, on days 28 and 56 of rearing, the survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract group were significantly lower than those in the control group.P <0.05, the feed conversion ratio was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P <0.05); On day 56, the liver-to-body ratio and fat-to-body ratio of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract group were higher than those in the control group, indicating that long-term feeding with broad bean extract feed would reduce the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of bullfrogs to some extent.

[0071] However, on days 28 and 56 of rearing, the survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract + regulating composition group 2 were all higher than those in the broad bean extract group, while the feed conversion ratio was lower than that in the control group; on day 56, the liver-to-body ratio and fat-to-body ratio of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract + regulating composition group 2 were significantly lower than those in the broad bean extract group. P <0.05), indicating that broad bean extract + regulatory composition 2 can improve the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of bullfrogs fed with broad bean extract, and mitigate the negative effects of long-term feeding with broad bean extract.

[0072] Table 2. Effects of different feeds on growth performance and body morphology of bullfrogs

[0073] (3) Effects of different feeds on intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes and serum physiological and biochemical properties in bullfrogs As shown in Table 3, the activities of amylase, lipase, and protease in the intestines of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract group, as well as the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in serum, were significantly lower than those in the control group. P <0.05), and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the content of malondialdehyde in bullfrog serum, were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P <0.05), indicating that long-term feeding with broad bean extract will, to some extent, reduce the digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant capacity of bullfrogs, thereby affecting their growth performance and feed utilization efficiency.

[0074] However, the activities of amylase, lipase, and protease in the intestines of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract + regulatory composition group 2, as well as the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in serum, were significantly higher than those in the broad bean extract group. P <0.05), and the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly lower than those in the broad bean extract group (Brussels bean extract group). P <0.05). This indicates that the combination of broad bean extract and regulatory composition 2 can significantly improve the intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant capacity of bullfrogs fed with broad bean extract, and mitigate the negative effects of long-term feeding with broad bean extract.

[0075] Table 3. Effects of different diets on intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes and serum physiological and biochemical properties in bullfrogs.

[0076] Application Example 2: Bullfrog (approximately 50g) Farming Experiment and Results Analysis 1. Experimental Methods 450 bullfrogs of uniform size with an initial weight of about 50g were randomly placed into 9 breeding tanks (1.80 m × 0.6 m × 0.55 m), with 50 bullfrogs in each tank. They were raised for 8 weeks, during which time their feeding and growth were observed.

[0077] The groups and feed formulations for each group are as follows (see Table 4 for details): (1) Group 1: Fava bean extract + regulating composition: feed with fava bean extract and regulating composition added (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with fava bean extract and regulating composition 1 of Example 1). (2) Group 2 of broad bean extract + regulatory composition: feed with broad bean extract and regulatory composition added (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and regulatory composition 2 of Example 2). (3) Group 3 of broad bean extract + regulating composition: feed with broad bean extract and regulating composition added (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and regulating composition 3 of Example 3).

[0078] After the breeding period, the survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of each group of bullfrogs were counted, and blood and intestinal tissue samples were collected for subsequent index analysis.

[0079] Table 4 Experimental feed formulations

[0080] 2. Experimental Results (1) Effects of different feeds on the growth performance of bullfrogs As shown in Table 5, the survival rate and weight gain rate of bullfrogs in Group 2 (broad bean extract + regulatory composition) were higher than those in Group 1 and Group 3 (broad bean extract + regulatory composition), and their feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in Group 1 and Group 3 (broad bean extract + regulatory composition). P <0.05), indicating that the broad bean extract + regulating composition group 2 is more effective in improving the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of bullfrogs fed with broad bean extract.

[0081] Table 5. Effects of different feeds on the growth performance of bullfrogs

[0082] (2) Effects of different feeds on intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes and serum physiological and biochemical properties in bullfrogs As shown in Table 6, the activities of amylase, lipase, and protease in the intestines of bullfrogs in group 2 (broad bean extract + regulatory composition) and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in serum were significantly higher than those in group 1 (broad bean extract + regulatory composition) and group 3 (broad bean extract + regulatory composition). P <0.05), and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase and the content of malondialdehyde in bullfrog serum were significantly lower than those in group 1 and group 3 of broad bean extract + regulatory composition. This indicates that group 2 of broad bean extract + regulatory composition is more effective in improving the digestive and absorptive capacity of the intestine and the antioxidant capacity of the body in bullfrogs fed with broad bean extract feed.

[0083] Table 6. Effects of different diets on intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes and serum physiological and biochemical properties in bullfrogs.

[0084] Application Example 3: Bullfrog (approximately 80g) Farming Experiment and Results Analysis 1. Experimental Methods Six hundred bullfrogs of uniform size with an initial weight of about 80g were randomly placed into 15 breeding tanks (1.80 m × 0.6 m × 0.55 m), with 40 bullfrogs in each tank. They were raised for 8 weeks, during which time their feeding and growth were observed.

[0085] The groups and feed formulations for each group are as follows (see Table 7 for details): (1) Broad bean extract group: feed with broad bean extract added (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract). (2) Broad bean extract + Scutellaria baicalensis extract group: feed with broad bean extract and Scutellaria baicalensis extract added (some microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and Scutellaria baicalensis extract). (3) Broad bean extract + Coptis chinensis extract group: feed with broad bean extract and Coptis chinensis extract added (some microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and Coptis chinensis extract). (4) Broad bean extract + rhubarb extract group: feed with broad bean extract and rhubarb extract added (some microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and rhubarb extract). (5) Group 2 of broad bean extract + regulatory composition: feed with broad bean extract and regulatory composition added (part of the microcrystalline fiber in the basic feed was replaced with broad bean extract and regulatory composition 2 of Example 2).

[0086] After the breeding period, the survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of each group of bullfrogs were counted, and blood and intestinal tissue samples were collected for subsequent index analysis.

[0087] Table 7 Experimental feed formulations

[0088] 2. Experimental Results (1) Effects of different feeds on the growth performance of bullfrogs As shown in Table 8, the survival rate, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract + regulatory composition group 2 were significantly higher than those in the other groups. P <0.05, and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that of the other groups ( P <0.05), which further indicates that the broad bean extract + regulating composition group 2 is more effective in improving the growth performance and feed utilization efficiency of bullfrogs fed with broad bean extract.

[0089] Table 8 Effects of different feeds on the growth performance of bullfrogs

[0090] (2) Effects of different feeds on intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes and serum physiological and biochemical properties in bullfrogs As shown in Table 9, the activities of amylase, lipase, and protease in the intestines of bullfrogs in the broad bean extract + regulatory composition group 2, as well as the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in serum, were significantly higher than those in other groups. P <0.05), and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the malondialdehyde content in bullfrog serum, were significantly lower than those in other groups. P <0.05), which further indicates that the broad bean extract + regulatory composition group 2 is more effective in improving the digestive and absorptive capacity of the intestines and the antioxidant capacity of the body in bullfrogs fed with broad bean extract.

[0091] Table 9. Effects of different diets on intestinal digestive and absorptive enzymes and serum physiological and biochemical properties in bullfrogs.

[0092] This invention, combining growth and physicochemical indicators from relevant aquaculture trials, confirms that the combination of broad bean extract with Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and rhubarb extract not only fully maintains the muscle quality improvement effect of broad bean extract but also effectively mitigates its potential negative effects by enhancing digestibility, absorption, and antioxidant capacity. This significantly improves the survival rate, weight gain, and feed utilization of bullfrogs. This indicates that the specific combination of broad bean, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, and rhubarb extracts is a specialized feed additive that can achieve synergistic optimization of "quality-growth-health" to specifically improve the meat texture and palatability of aquatic products, providing an innovative solution for high-quality, green bullfrog farming.

[0093] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, or simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be considered equivalent substitutions and shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of broad bean extract in the preparation of feed additives or feeds that improve the muscle quality of bullfrogs.

2. An additive for bullfrog farming, characterized in that, It includes broad bean extract and a regulatory composition; the regulatory composition includes Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract.

3. The additive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of broad bean extract to the regulatory composition is (1~10):1; Preferably, the mass ratio of broad bean extract to the regulatory composition is (2~6):1; More preferably, the mass ratio of broad bean extract to the regulatory composition is 4:

1.

4. The additive according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, In the regulatory composition The mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is (1~10):(1~6):(1~10). Preferably, the mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is (2~6):(1~3):(2~6); More preferably, the mass ratio of Scutellaria baicalensis extract, Coptis chinensis extract, and Rheum palmatum extract is 2:1:

2.

5. The additive according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The extract is an aqueous extract.

6. The use of any of the additives described in claims 2 to 4 in the preparation of bullfrog farming feed.

7. The application of any of the additives described in claims 2 to 4 in the preparation of bullfrog farming feed, wherein the feed can improve bullfrog muscle quality and / or improve bullfrog growth performance.

8. A feed for bullfrog farming, characterized in that, Includes the additive described in any one of claims 2 to 5.

9. The feed according to claim 8, characterized in that, The percentage of broad bean extract in the feed is 5-15% by weight.

10. The feed according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The regulating composition accounts for 1-8% of the feed by mass.

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