Feed for increasing content of fatty acid in goat milk as well as preparation method and application of feed

Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a milk goat feed. The method comprises the following steps: 1) preparing an additive: uniformly mixing schizochytrium limacinum powder, flaxseeds and D-aspartic acid; and 2) the additive prepared in the step 1) is uniformly mixed with a basic ration, the addition amount of the additive is 1-16% of the basic ration, and in the additive, the ratio of flaxseeds to schizochytrium limacinum powder is (1-3): 1; the ratio of the D-aspartic acid to the schizochytrium limacinum powder is 1: (10-30). When the milk goat feed prepared by the method is used for feeding milk goats, the content of unsaturated fatty acid in goat milk, especially the content of DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), can be remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to dairy goat feed and its preparation method, belonging to the field of animal husbandry. Background Technology

[0002] Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is one of the most crucial fatty acid components in the brain and retina, thus earning the titles "brain gold" and "eye gold." DHA is an essential component of cell membranes in the brain and nerve tissue of fetuses and infants. For adults, adequate DHA intake may help slow age-related cognitive decline and may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is another Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, widely recognized for its ability to lower triglycerides and its anti-inflammatory properties, which may help prevent cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.

[0003] Although DHA and EPA have important functions, the human body can hardly synthesize them and must obtain them from food; therefore, they are considered essential fatty acids. Some deep-sea fish and seaweed are rich in DHA and / or EPA and can be used as dietary supplements, or their DHA and / or EPA can be extracted and added to health foods or dairy products. Schizochytrium powder mainly contains DHA, typically accounting for more than 50% of total fatty acids, with EPA content around 1%. Flaxseed is known as the "fish oil of the plant kingdom," containing a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA). In the human body, ALA itself is also a precursor to the synthesis of DHA and EPA.

[0004] Adding DHA and / or EPA to dairy products often raises concerns among consumers due to impurities carried by the DHA and / or EPA, or affects the taste. Therefore, allowing the milk of dairy animals such as dairy goats to naturally contain abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids is the better approach. Summary of the Invention

[0005] On the one hand, this article provides a method for preparing dairy goat feed, including: 1) Preparation of the additive: Mix Schizochytrium powder, flaxseed, and D-aspartic acid evenly; and 2) Mix the additive prepared in step 1) evenly with the basal diet, wherein the amount of additive added is 1-16% of the basal diet. In the additives, the ratio of flaxseed to Schizochytrium powder is between 1 and 3:1; the ratio of D-aspartic acid to Schizochytrium powder is between 1:10 and 30.

[0006] In some embodiments, the additive includes: 12 parts of Schizochytrium powder, 24 parts of flaxseed, and 1 part of D-aspartic acid.

[0007] In some implementations, the additive also includes vitamin B2.

[0008] In some embodiments, the additive includes: 12 parts of Schizochytrium powder, 24 parts of flaxseed, 1 part of D-aspartic acid and 0.01 parts of vitamin B2.

[0009] In some implementations, the basal diet is in the form of a total mixed ration.

[0010] In some implementations, the basal diet comprises: 20% corn silage, 10% sheepgrass hay, 20% alfalfa hay, 15% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed meal, 0.5% limestone powder, 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.5% dicalcium phosphate, and 3.5% premix.

[0011] In some embodiments, the amount of the additive added is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10% or 16% of the basal diet.

[0012] In some implementations, the dairy goat is a Guanzhong dairy goat.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention provides dairy goat feed prepared by the above method.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention provides the application of the above-mentioned dairy goat feed in the preparation of goat milk with high DHA content. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 The curves showing the changes in ALA content in goat milk with different amounts of additives are displayed.

[0016] Figure 2 The curves showing the changes in EPA content in goat milk with different amounts of additives are displayed.

[0017] Figure 3 The curves showing the changes in DHA content in goat milk with different amounts of additives are displayed. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0019] In this document, the term “and / or” should be understood to mean either one of the options or both of the options.

[0020] In this document, the terms “include” and “include” generally mean to include the explicitly specified elements, but do not exclude other elements, and also include situations where such elements constitute the whole.

[0021] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages and proportions in this document are weight percentages.

[0022] In this document, the term "about" generally refers to a variation within a range of 0.5% to 10% above or below a specified value, such as a variation within a range of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, or 10% above or below a specified value.

[0023] In this article, "additives" refers to compositions added to the basal diet to improve the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in dairy goat milk.

[0024] In this document, "basal diet" refers to the daily feed suitable for lactating dairy goats, wherein the ratio of roughage to concentrate is between 40-60:60-40. Roughage includes corn silage, alfalfa hay, and crop straw. Concentrate is used to supplement nutrients that are not provided or are insufficiently provided by roughage. Concentrate includes corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, and additive premixes (hereinafter referred to as "premixes" to distinguish them from "additives" mentioned above). The basal diet can be in the form of separate roughage and concentrate or in the form of total mixed ration (TMR). For a separate roughage and concentrate basal diet, the additives of this invention can be mixed into the roughage or into the concentrate, preferably the latter.

[0025] In this article, "premix" refers to compound premix, which includes mineral elements (such as copper, zinc, manganese, and cobalt), vitamins (such as vitamins A, D3, E, and choline chloride), and amino acids (such as lysine and methionine). Premixes are commercially available, for example, commercially available sheep premixes. Because ruminants (such as cattle and sheep) have a large number of microorganisms in their rumen capable of synthesizing B vitamins (including B1, B2, and B6), producing enough B vitamins for the host to utilize, premixes (including commercially available premixes) typically do not contain B vitamins from a cost-effectiveness perspective.

[0026] The inventors have discovered that adding algae rich in ω-3 fatty acids (such as Schizochytrium powder), flaxseed, and D-aspartic acid to the basal diet of dairy goats (or its components) can increase the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in goat milk, especially DHA. The PUFA content can be further increased when the additive contains vitamin B2 (riboflavin).

[0027] The present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments. Example 1

[0028] This embodiment prepares a basic diet for dairy goats by mixing the following components evenly (preferably using a TMR feed mixer): 20% corn silage, 10% hay, 20% alfalfa hay, 15% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed meal, 0.5% limestone powder, 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.5% dicalcium phosphate, and 3.5% premix. Example 2

[0029] A method for preparing dairy goat feed, comprising: 1) Preparation of additive: Mix 12 parts of Schizochytrium powder, 24 parts of flaxseed and 1 part of D-aspartic acid evenly; 2) Mix the additive prepared in step 1) with the basal diet prepared in Example 1 evenly, with the amount of additive added being 5% of the basal diet. Example 3

[0030] Dairy goat feed was prepared according to the method in Example 1, except that the amount of additives added was 10% of the basal diet.

[0031] Comparative Example 1 Dairy goat feed was prepared according to the method described in Example 2, except that the additives did not contain Schizochytrium powder.

[0032] Comparative Example 2 Dairy goat feed was prepared according to the method described in Example 2, except that the additives did not contain flaxseed and the amount of additives added was changed to 2% of the basal diet.

[0033] Comparative Example 3 Dairy goat feed was prepared according to the method described in Example 2, except that the additives did not contain D-aspartic acid. Example 4

[0034] Forty-eight Guanzhong dairy goats were randomly divided into six groups (groups 1-6#) from day 1 of lambing (first litter), with eight goats in each group. Each group was fed a basal diet prepared in Example 1, or dairy goat feed prepared in Examples 2, 3, 1, 2, or 3, respectively. On day 55, goat milk samples were collected, and the oil was extracted using the Roots-Gottlieb method (a portion was used to calculate fat content). The oil was then methylated with potassium hydroxide-methanol solution, and the fatty acid content was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC / MS) using fatty acid standards. The results for fat content and the content of some polyunsaturated fatty acids of interest (ALA, DHA, and EPA) are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

[0035] Table 1. Fat content per 100 grams of goat milk in each group (g, group mean)

[0036] Table 2. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content per 100 grams of goat milk in each group (mg, group mean)

[0037] Different lowercase letters in the same row indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05), while the same lowercase letter indicates no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05).

[0038] As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the use of various additives has virtually no effect on the milk fat percentage.

[0039] As shown in Table 2, the dairy goats fed with feed without additives (Group 1#) had virtually no EPA in their milk, and the DHA content was also relatively low (2.34 mg / 100g goat milk). Compared to Group 1#, the dairy goats fed with feed containing additives (including Schizochytrium powder, flaxseed, and D-aspartic acid) (Groups 2# and 3#) showed significantly higher levels of all three unsaturated fatty acids. Comparing the results of Groups 2# and 3#, it is evident that the ALA and DHA content continued to increase with increasing additive dosage.

[0040] The results from Group 4 (without Schizochytrium powder as an additive) show that the use of flaxseed increases the content of ALA and EPA compared to Group 1, although the EPA content is still very low.

[0041] The results from Group 5 (without flaxseed additives) show that the use of Schizochytrium powder increases the content of EPA and DHA compared to Group 1.

[0042] Comparing the results of Groups 4 and 5 with those of Group 2, it can be found that the use of flaxseed not only increases ALA content, but also enhances the effect of Schizochytrium powder when used simultaneously, namely, increasing EPA and DHA content.

[0043] Comparing the results of Group 2# and Group 6#, it was found that the use of D-aspartic acid enhances the effect of Schizochytrium powder. Our previous experiments did not find that the use of L- or D-aspartic acid affected the EPA and DHA content in goat milk, and replacing D-aspartic acid with L-aspartic acid in the additive also did not affect the EPA and DHA content in goat milk. We speculate that D-aspartic acid, instead of L-aspartic acid, promotes the dissolution or absorption of EPA and DHA from Schizochytrium powder after consumption. Example 5

[0044] The results of Example 4 show that the amount of additive added affects the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat milk. We conducted experiments using different amounts of additive (1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%), and fed dairy goats and tested fatty acids according to the method in Example 4.

[0045] The results are shown in Table 3.

[0046] Table 3. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content per 100 grams of goat milk in each group (mg, group mean)

[0047] As shown in Table 3, the ALA content in goat milk increases with increasing addition amount. The EPA content reaches its maximum at a 4% addition amount (approximately 34 mg / 100g goat milk). The DHA content reaches its maximum at an 8% addition amount (approximately 96 mg / 100g goat milk). Example 6

[0048] In a study exploring ways to increase the polyunsaturated fatty acid content in goat milk by altering additives, we found that adding B-complex vitamins to the additives resulted in a further increase in polyunsaturated fatty acid content in goat milk with increased dosage. Subsequent experiments with single vitamin supplementation revealed that this effect was primarily due to vitamin B2 (riboflavin).

[0049] Dairy goat feed was prepared using the method of Example 2, except that 0.01 parts of vitamin B2 were added to the additives, and experiments were conducted with different addition amounts (1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%) as described in Example 5. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0050] Table 4. Polyunsaturated fatty acid content per 100 grams of goat milk in each group (mg, group mean)

[0051] Figure 1-3 Tables 3 and 4 show the curves of ALA, EPA, and DHA content changes with the amount of vitamin B2 added. The addition of vitamin B2 had virtually no effect on the ALA content curve. However, starting from a 4% addition level, the difference in EPA and DHA content became apparent. EPA content reached its peak at an 8% addition level, while DHA content increased steadily with the addition amount. Compared to no vitamin B2 addition, DHA content increased by approximately double (up to a maximum of 216.52 mg / 100g goat milk). Since vitamin B2 does not directly participate in the synthesis of EPA and DHA in the body, we speculate that it may play a role in the absorption or transport of EPA and DHA within the body.

[0052] It was also found that when the addition amount reached 32%, although the content of ALA and DHA still increased, it was accompanied by weight loss and milk production decline in dairy goats. Therefore, the amount of additives added should not exceed 16% of the basal diet. Example 7

[0053] We investigated the relative amounts of Schizochytrium powder, flaxseed, D-aspartic acid, and vitamin B2 added. Among the additives, the amount of flaxseed should be no less than that of Schizochytrium powder, preferably in a ratio of 1:1-3. When the amount of flaxseed added is more than three times that of Schizochytrium powder, it essentially fails to further promote the increase of EPA and DHA content.

[0054] Adding small amounts of D-aspartic acid can increase the levels of EPA and DHA. The typical dosage is 1 / 10 to 1 / 30 of the amount of Schizochytrium powder. However, adding more than 10% D-aspartic acid can lead to a decrease in feed intake in dairy goats.

[0055] It's possible that because dairy goats can synthesize vitamin B2 in their rumen, its effects are only noticeable when the additive dosage is high. Our studies using vitamin B2 alone revealed that when the additive dosage exceeds 4%, the daily vitamin B2 intake should exceed 20 mg, and the vitamin B dosage should increase accordingly with the additive dosage. Therefore, to simplify the process, vitamin B2 can be directly mixed with Schizochytrium powder, flaxseed, and D-aspartic acid as an additive component.

Claims

1. A method for preparing dairy goat feed, comprising: 1) Preparation of additives: Mix Schizochytrium powder, flaxseed and D-aspartic acid evenly; as well as 2) Mix the additive prepared in step 1) evenly with the basal diet, wherein the amount of additive added is 1-16% of the basal diet. In the additives, the ratio of flaxseed to Schizochytrium powder is between 1 and 3:1; the ratio of D-aspartic acid to Schizochytrium powder is between 1:10 and 30.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the additive comprises: 12 parts Schizochytrium powder, 24 parts flaxseed and 1 part D-aspartic acid.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive further comprises vitamin B2.

4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive comprises: 12 parts Schizochytrium powder, 24 parts flaxseed, 1 part D-aspartic acid and 0.01 parts vitamin B2.

5. The method as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the basal diet is in the form of a total mixed ration.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the basal diet comprises: The mixture consists of 20% corn silage, 10% sheepgrass hay, 20% alfalfa hay, 15% corn, 15% soybean meal, 10% wheat bran, 5% cottonseed cake, 0.5% limestone powder, 0.5% sodium chloride, 0.5% dicalcium phosphate, and 3.5% premix.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the amount of the additive added is 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 8%, 10% or 16% of the basal diet.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the dairy goat is a Guanzhong dairy goat.

9. Dairy goat feed prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The application of the dairy goat feed according to claim 9 in the preparation of high-DHA goat milk.

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